{ "repl_8693802641968c0e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy60", "name": "tomato processing, peeling, dicing, canning", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_tomato_canning_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "tomato, peeled, diced, canned, Hellweg and Karakaya, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "langual", "id": "B1276" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301453" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0DMX" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_tomato_canning_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All emission factors derived exclusively from open peer-reviewed literature and public databases. No flow-level data was copied from the ecoinvent proprietary database.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram tomato processing, peeling, dicing, canning built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input; emissions: field emission (carbon).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram tomato processing, peeling, dicing, canning", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Tomato canning (peeling, dicing, retort sterilization): bafu_key=null + biosphere_exchanges. Processing-only gate-to-gate GWP = 0.0820 kg CO2eq/kg canned product. Derived from: Ghnimi et al. (2021) energy inventory (156 kWh/t electricity, 7.92e-3 m3/kg natural gas) + Frontiers (2024) processing GWP benchmark (0.083 kg CO2eq/kg). CO2 natural gas = 0.0160, electricity = 0.0512. No BAFU technosphere equivalent for canning exists; full GWP via biosphere_exchanges. Replaces proxy-inflated BAFU mapping (0.574 vs 0.255 kg CO2eq/kg reference).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.2851, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.156, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.156 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.156 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.156 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.156 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.37, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "amount": 0.0148, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (carbon)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (carbon)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 21.0, "protein_g": 0.9, "fat_g": 0.2, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 3.5, "sugars_g": 2.26, "fiber_g": 1.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00762, "water_g": 93.9 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 12.0, 35.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.4, 1.5 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.63 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 4.41 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 1.4499999999999886, 6.7 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 4.8 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 2.1 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.045720000000000004 ], "water_g": [ 69.8, 96.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A0DMX", "matched_term_name": "Tomatoes", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 34, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Tomato canning (peeling, dicing, retort sterilization): bafu_key=null + biosphere_exchanges. Processing-only gate-to-gate GWP = 0.0820 kg CO2eq/kg canned product. Derived from: Ghnimi et al. (2021) energy inventory (156 kWh/t electricity, 7.92e-3 m3/kg natural gas) + Frontiers (2024) processing GWP benchmark (0.083 kg CO2eq/kg). CO2 natural gas = 0.0160, electricity = 0.0512. No BAFU technosphere equivalent for canning exists; full GWP via biosphere_exchanges. Replaces proxy-inflated BAFU mapping (0.574 vs 0.255 kg CO2eq/kg reference)." }, "repl_c1ffb630cc579dcb": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy54", "name": "tomato paste production, hot break screw pulping + multi effect evaporation concentration", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_tomato_paste_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "tomato paste, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00ZF" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301455" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "tomato-pastes" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_tomato_paste_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "delborghi_2014", "text": "Del Borghi et al. 2014 (tomato processing LCI)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram tomato paste production, hot break screw pulping + multi effect evaporation concentration built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram tomato paste production, hot break screw pulping + multi effect evaporation concentration", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Tomato Paste production (copy54, RER): chained cascade (pulping → concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.3276 kg CO2eq/kg. Pulping: Sacramento Foods tomato paste plant (Singh 1980) (0.00583 kWh, 2.0106 MJ/kg paste). Concentration: Turkish pepper paste plant evaporator (Adal 2024) (0.06900 kWh, 3.3718 MJ/kg paste). Pulping CIP overhead: Italian tomato processing whole-plant CIP overhead (Delborghi 2014) (source: delborghi_2014, mode: covered_by_whole_plant) Concentration CIP overhead: Italian tomato processing whole-plant CIP overhead (Delborghi 2014) (source: delborghi_2014, mode: whole_plant_primary). Pulping infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 3.3718, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "pepper concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adal_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.069, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "pepper concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adal_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 10.58, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "pepper concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adal_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 10.58, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "pepper concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adal_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 4.6, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "pepper concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adal_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000484, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "pepper concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000268, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "pepper concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000268, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "pepper concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 3.2e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "pepper concentration lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "pepper concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "tomato paste, pulping", "amount": 5.6, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 81.0, "protein_g": 4.31875, "fat_g": 0.3, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 14.205625, "sugars_g": 10.84, "fiber_g": 3.7, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.6048, "water_g": 73.5 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 61.0, 134.0 ], "protein_g": [ 3.0, 4.56 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 1.1 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.12 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 10.4, 31.3 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 14.5 ], "fiber_g": [ 2.1, 4.7 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 2.0066 ], "water_g": [ 64.4, 79.6 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00ZF", "matched_term_name": "Tomato paste", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 16, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "FoodEx2 facet walk: the product is processed, so the fresh term was followed via its F27 source commodity to the sibling carrying the matching F28 process (foodex2:A00ZF 'Tomato paste')" ] }, "notes": "Tomato Paste production (copy54, RER): chained cascade (pulping → concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.3276 kg CO2eq/kg. Pulping: Sacramento Foods tomato paste plant (Singh 1980) (0.00583 kWh, 2.0106 MJ/kg paste). Concentration: Turkish pepper paste plant evaporator (Adal 2024) (0.06900 kWh, 3.3718 MJ/kg paste). Pulping CIP overhead: Italian tomato processing whole-plant CIP overhead (Delborghi 2014) (source: delborghi_2014, mode: covered_by_whole_plant) Concentration CIP overhead: Italian tomato processing whole-plant CIP overhead (Delborghi 2014) (source: delborghi_2014, mode: whole_plant_primary). Pulping infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_e5299e93521b7bfd": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy22", "name": "tomato paste production, hot break screw pulping + multi effect evaporation concentration", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_tomato_paste_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "tomato paste, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00ZF" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301455" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "tomato-pastes" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_tomato_paste_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "delborghi_2014", "text": "Del Borghi et al. 2014 (tomato processing LCI)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram tomato paste production, hot break screw pulping + multi effect evaporation concentration built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram tomato paste production, hot break screw pulping + multi effect evaporation concentration", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Tomato Paste production (copy22, RER): chained cascade (pulping → concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.3276 kg CO2eq/kg. Pulping: Sacramento Foods tomato paste plant (Singh 1980) (0.00583 kWh, 2.0106 MJ/kg paste). Concentration: Turkish pepper paste plant evaporator (Adal 2024) (0.06900 kWh, 3.3718 MJ/kg paste). Pulping CIP overhead: Italian tomato processing whole-plant CIP overhead (Delborghi 2014) (source: delborghi_2014, mode: covered_by_whole_plant) Concentration CIP overhead: Italian tomato processing whole-plant CIP overhead (Delborghi 2014) (source: delborghi_2014, mode: whole_plant_primary). Pulping infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 3.3718, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "pepper concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adal_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.069, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "pepper concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adal_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 10.58, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "pepper concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adal_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 10.58, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "pepper concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adal_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 4.6, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "pepper concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adal_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000484, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "pepper concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000268, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "pepper concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000268, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "pepper concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 3.2e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "pepper concentration lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "pepper concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "tomato paste, pulping", "amount": 5.6, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 81.0, "protein_g": 4.31875, "fat_g": 0.3, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 14.205625, "sugars_g": 10.84, "fiber_g": 3.7, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.6048, "water_g": 73.5 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 61.0, 134.0 ], "protein_g": [ 3.0, 4.56 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 1.1 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.12 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 10.4, 31.3 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 14.5 ], "fiber_g": [ 2.1, 4.7 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 2.0066 ], "water_g": [ 64.4, 79.6 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00ZF", "matched_term_name": "Tomato paste", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 16, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "FoodEx2 facet walk: the product is processed, so the fresh term was followed via its F27 source commodity to the sibling carrying the matching F28 process (foodex2:A00ZF 'Tomato paste')" ] }, "notes": "Tomato Paste production (copy22, RER): chained cascade (pulping → concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.3276 kg CO2eq/kg. Pulping: Sacramento Foods tomato paste plant (Singh 1980) (0.00583 kWh, 2.0106 MJ/kg paste). Concentration: Turkish pepper paste plant evaporator (Adal 2024) (0.06900 kWh, 3.3718 MJ/kg paste). Pulping CIP overhead: Italian tomato processing whole-plant CIP overhead (Delborghi 2014) (source: delborghi_2014, mode: covered_by_whole_plant) Concentration CIP overhead: Italian tomato processing whole-plant CIP overhead (Delborghi 2014) (source: delborghi_2014, mode: whole_plant_primary). Pulping infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_acceb7c1049dde05": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/4fa569d207644cf8b452d1693f106250_copy3", "name": "tomato powder production, multi effect evaporation concentration + spray drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_tomato_powder_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "tomato powder, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301459" }, { "ns": "intent", "id": "tomato powder, RER" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "dried-tomato-powder" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_tomato_powder_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram tomato powder production, multi effect evaporation concentration + spray drying built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram tomato powder production, multi effect evaporation concentration + spray drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Tomato Powder production (copy3, RER): chained cascade (concentration → drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 1.3103 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Turkish pepper paste plant evaporator (Adal 2024) (0.21584 kWh, 10.5472 MJ/kg powder). Drying: Italian apple multistage spray dryer (De Marco et al. 2015, MD route) (0.00205 kWh, 11.3851 MJ/kg powder). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Two-stage chain (concentration to 28 Brix paste + drying:spray). Tomato powder is industrially made from tomato concentrate/paste, not single-stage spray drying of dilute fresh tomato juice (5 Brix), which is thermally prohibitive. The multi-effect evaporator removes the bulk of the water at low SEC; the spray dryer (De Marco et al. 2015, 5.35 MJ/kg water) finishes the concentrate to ~4 percent residual moisture. Concentration ratio 28/5.0 Brix from product_properties; spray-stage feed_moisture 0.6931 (28 Brix concentrate, total-solids mass balance). Total water removed per kg powder matches the prior single-stage 16.52 kg balance; moisture balance from USDA FDC 170457 fresh tomato + commercial powder spec 4 percent residual moisture..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 11.385093, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.002047, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.128055, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "tomato powder, concentrated", "amount": 3.128055, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 302.0, "protein_g": 12.9, "fat_g": 0.42000000000000004, "saturated_fat_g": 0.066, "carbohydrates_g": 58.2, "sugars_g": 43.9, "fiber_g": 16.5, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.34036, "water_g": 3.06 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 302.0, 321.0 ], "protein_g": [ 12.9, 14.180000305175781 ], "fat_g": [ 0.4, 0.44 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.062, 0.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 50.5, 74.7 ], "sugars_g": [ 43.9, 47.400001525878906 ], "fiber_g": [ 12.75, 16.5 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.34036, 0.36500000953674316 ], "water_g": [ 3.06, 3.1 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodon:FOODON_03301459", "matched_term_name": "tomato powder", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 5, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Tomato Powder production (copy3, RER): chained cascade (concentration → drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 1.3103 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Turkish pepper paste plant evaporator (Adal 2024) (0.21584 kWh, 10.5472 MJ/kg powder). Drying: Italian apple multistage spray dryer (De Marco et al. 2015, MD route) (0.00205 kWh, 11.3851 MJ/kg powder). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Two-stage chain (concentration to 28 Brix paste + drying:spray). Tomato powder is industrially made from tomato concentrate/paste, not single-stage spray drying of dilute fresh tomato juice (5 Brix), which is thermally prohibitive. The multi-effect evaporator removes the bulk of the water at low SEC; the spray dryer (De Marco et al. 2015, 5.35 MJ/kg water) finishes the concentrate to ~4 percent residual moisture. Concentration ratio 28/5.0 Brix from product_properties; spray-stage feed_moisture 0.6931 (28 Brix concentrate, total-solids mass balance). Total water removed per kg powder matches the prior single-stage 16.52 kg balance; moisture balance from USDA FDC 170457 fresh tomato + commercial powder spec 4 percent residual moisture.." }, "repl_110799ec3dc9d080": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy66", "name": "lemon processing, D-limonene extraction", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_lemon_limonene_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "D-limonene, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "hestia", "id": "CAS-5989-27-5" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_lemon_limonene_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Agribalyse 3.2 GWP benchmark (0.4846 kg CO2eq/kg) is used as a published data point from CC-BY licensed database (INRAE/ADEME). No ecoinvent flow-level data was copied. Emission factors from IPCC 2006 + IEA 2020.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.75, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram lemon processing, D-limonene extraction built from 1 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram lemon processing, D-limonene extraction", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Lemon processing — D-limonene co-product (RER): Pattern A cradle-to-gate composite LCI. cascade.update_mapping_with_activities() wires bafu_key to the food_processing_lci activity 'food_processing_lemon_limonene_RER' (_ACTIVITY_PARAMS copy66), which carries two technosphere inputs: electricity 1.477 kWh (centrifugal cold-press oil/water separation, BAFU 609058) and 16.3735 kg upstream lemon production (fruit_crops_lci TR proxy) allocated to D-limonene under economic allocation (co-product factor 0.033893, derived from juice/oil/limonene mass fractions × open price split). RECOMPUTED 2026-07-28 against live bafu_2026: composite GWP = 3.8722 kg CO2eq/kg (electricity 1.477 × 0.318658 = 0.4707; allocated lemon 16.3735 × 0.207746 = 3.4015), i.e. +29.0% vs the ecoinvent reference 3.0007. The previously documented '≈2.97, ~-1%, a faithful cradle-to-gate match' assumed a fruit_crops_lci TR lemon GWP of 0.1528 kg CO2eq/kg; that activity now computes 0.207746 kg CO2eq/kg (itemised over its 14 BAFU technosphere rows + 6 biosphere rows under GWP100 - BAFU), so the -1% agreement no longer holds and must not be cited as validation. UNRESOLVED — the 16.3735 kg allocated-lemon amount is not reproducible from its own stated derivation: 0.033893 × 816 kg unallocated whole lemon = 27.7 kg, and reconstructing the economic allocation from the cited Beccali 2009 mass balance + PMC6801276 oil split + the listed price proxies gives 15.2 kg (0.37% oil yield on whole-fruit basis) or 17.0 kg (on the peel basis the comment actually states). The amount is left UNCHANGED pending human review — re-deriving it here would move the GWP without a source. The earlier cold-press _CASCADE_PRODUCTS entry (processing-only ~0.018, lemon emitted as an unlinked_substrate sentinel) shadowed this composite and severed the upstream lemon; that cascade row was removed so this composite resolves. Note this composite does NOT drive the f6f77ea..._copy66-backed market for fruit extract (0c17c257): copy66 carries no substitute_edb_self flag, so copy66's own node in EDB_remapped_final keeps its individually-remapped foreground (3.5067 kg CO2eq/kg), and the market's manual_entries.json self-substitution links to that node by design. Electricity intensity benchmarked against Agribalyse 3.2 'D-limonene, from lemon juice production, at processing {IT}' = 0.4846 kg CO2eq/kg processing-only (CC-BY, INRAE/ADEME 2020).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 1.477, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "lemon production, modelled (TR)", "amount": 16.3735, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (16.3735 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (16.3735 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Lemon processing — D-limonene co-product (RER): Pattern A cradle-to-gate composite LCI. cascade.update_mapping_with_activities() wires bafu_key to the food_processing_lci activity 'food_processing_lemon_limonene_RER' (_ACTIVITY_PARAMS copy66), which carries two technosphere inputs: electricity 1.477 kWh (centrifugal cold-press oil/water separation, BAFU 609058) and 16.3735 kg upstream lemon production (fruit_crops_lci TR proxy) allocated to D-limonene under economic allocation (co-product factor 0.033893, derived from juice/oil/limonene mass fractions × open price split). RECOMPUTED 2026-07-28 against live bafu_2026: composite GWP = 3.8722 kg CO2eq/kg (electricity 1.477 × 0.318658 = 0.4707; allocated lemon 16.3735 × 0.207746 = 3.4015), i.e. +29.0% vs the ecoinvent reference 3.0007. The previously documented '≈2.97, ~-1%, a faithful cradle-to-gate match' assumed a fruit_crops_lci TR lemon GWP of 0.1528 kg CO2eq/kg; that activity now computes 0.207746 kg CO2eq/kg (itemised over its 14 BAFU technosphere rows + 6 biosphere rows under GWP100 - BAFU), so the -1% agreement no longer holds and must not be cited as validation. UNRESOLVED — the 16.3735 kg allocated-lemon amount is not reproducible from its own stated derivation: 0.033893 × 816 kg unallocated whole lemon = 27.7 kg, and reconstructing the economic allocation from the cited Beccali 2009 mass balance + PMC6801276 oil split + the listed price proxies gives 15.2 kg (0.37% oil yield on whole-fruit basis) or 17.0 kg (on the peel basis the comment actually states). The amount is left UNCHANGED pending human review — re-deriving it here would move the GWP without a source. The earlier cold-press _CASCADE_PRODUCTS entry (processing-only ~0.018, lemon emitted as an unlinked_substrate sentinel) shadowed this composite and severed the upstream lemon; that cascade row was removed so this composite resolves. Note this composite does NOT drive the f6f77ea..._copy66-backed market for fruit extract (0c17c257): copy66 carries no substitute_edb_self flag, so copy66's own node in EDB_remapped_final keeps its individually-remapped foreground (3.5067 kg CO2eq/kg), and the market's manual_entries.json self-substitution links to that node by design. Electricity intensity benchmarked against Agribalyse 3.2 'D-limonene, from lemon juice production, at processing {IT}' = 0.4846 kg CO2eq/kg processing-only (CC-BY, INRAE/ADEME 2020)." }, "repl_0b9945d4aa3ccfbe": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy64", "name": "Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009), essential oils", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_extraction_lemon_essential_oils_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "essential oils, lemon, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_2669" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "CAS-862374-92-3" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "2a7da8b1-e963-5606-a684-fd77cdcd76f3" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_extraction_lemon_essential_oils_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "sense_d2_1_2013", "text": "SENSE project D2.1 2013 (food LCA inventory)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009), essential oils built from 1 energy / processing, 6 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009), essential oils", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Lemon Essential Oils production (copy64, RER): chained cascade (extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2111 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009) (0.62391 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg essential oils). Extraction CIP overhead: Spanish Zuvamesa juice plant CIP overhead (source: sense_d2_1_2013, mode: direct). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.623907, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon extraction electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon extraction electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 33.051047, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon extraction water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon extraction water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.033051, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon extraction wastewater_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon extraction wastewater_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0089, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon extraction naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sense_d2_1_2013" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon extraction naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0003, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon extraction nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sense_d2_1_2013" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon extraction nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "lemon production, modelled (TR proxy for Mediterranean RER)", "amount": 8.51, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon extraction co-product allocation (factor 0.1030, economic)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon extraction co-product allocation (factor 0.1030, economic)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Lemon Essential Oils production (copy64, RER): chained cascade (extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2111 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009) (0.62391 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg essential oils). Extraction CIP overhead: Spanish Zuvamesa juice plant CIP overhead (source: sense_d2_1_2013, mode: direct). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_97162667bb11d4f3": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy63", "name": "lemon juice production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_lemon_juice_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "lemon juice, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "lemon-juice" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03305428" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_lemon_juice_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "sense_d2_1_2013", "text": "SENSE project D2.1 2013 (food LCA inventory)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram lemon juice production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram lemon juice production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Lemon Juice production (copy63, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0443 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009) (0.02526 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.01663 kWh, 0.2808 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Spanish Zuvamesa juice plant CIP overhead (source: sense_d2_1_2013, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.2808, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.01663, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 0.4222, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.4222, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "lemon juice, extracted", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 22.0, "protein_g": 0.35, "fat_g": 0.01, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 3.709375, "sugars_g": 1.6, "fiber_g": 0.1, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00254, "water_g": 91.7 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 5.0, 63.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.1, 1.0 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.4 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 1.3, 12.8 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 2.52 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.3 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.015 ], "water_g": [ 39.8, 98.6 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "off:lemon-juice", "matched_term_name": "Lemon juice", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 21, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Lemon Juice production (copy63, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0443 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009) (0.02526 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.01663 kWh, 0.2808 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Spanish Zuvamesa juice plant CIP overhead (source: sense_d2_1_2013, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_78c3862ed9dfa30e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy68", "name": "Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009), aseptic pulp", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_extraction_lemon_aseptic_pulp_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "aseptic lemon pulpe, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0BYN" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_28311" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "J0126" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_extraction_lemon_aseptic_pulp_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "sense_d2_1_2013", "text": "SENSE project D2.1 2013 (food LCA inventory)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009), aseptic pulp built from 1 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009), aseptic pulp", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Lemon Aseptic Pulp production (copy68, RER): chained cascade (extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0098 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009) (0.01042 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg aseptic pulp). Extraction CIP overhead: Spanish Zuvamesa juice plant CIP overhead (source: sense_d2_1_2013, mode: direct). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.010419, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon extraction electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon extraction electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.551952, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon extraction water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon extraction water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000552, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon extraction wastewater_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon extraction wastewater_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0089, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon extraction naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sense_d2_1_2013" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon extraction naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0003, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon extraction nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sense_d2_1_2013" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon extraction nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Lemon Aseptic Pulp production (copy68, RER): chained cascade (extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0098 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009) (0.01042 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg aseptic pulp). Extraction CIP overhead: Spanish Zuvamesa juice plant CIP overhead (source: sense_d2_1_2013, mode: direct). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_36b6be68cb6110ef": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy69", "name": "Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009), citrus peels", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_extraction_lemon_citrus_peels_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "citrus peels, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1637" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "citrus" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01BT" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541423", "name": "14230 - citrus fruits (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_extraction_lemon_citrus_peels_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "sense_d2_1_2013", "text": "SENSE project D2.1 2013 (food LCA inventory)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009), citrus peels built from 1 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009), citrus peels", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Lemon Citrus Peels production (copy69, RER): chained cascade (extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0066 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009) (0.00070 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg citrus peels). Extraction CIP overhead: Spanish Zuvamesa juice plant CIP overhead (source: sense_d2_1_2013, mode: direct). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.000699, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon extraction electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon extraction electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.037005, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon extraction water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon extraction water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 3.7e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon extraction wastewater_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon extraction wastewater_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0089, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon extraction naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sense_d2_1_2013" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon extraction naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0003, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon extraction nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sense_d2_1_2013" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon extraction nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Lemon Citrus Peels production (copy69, RER): chained cascade (extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0066 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009) (0.00070 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg citrus peels). Extraction CIP overhead: Spanish Zuvamesa juice plant CIP overhead (source: sense_d2_1_2013, mode: direct). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_06f9f96f73eaa741": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f2540bbf9f6e4e468f5c201525630dad_copy3", "name": "lemon processing, essential oils extraction", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_lemon_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "lemon oil, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03317370" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_lemon_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.73, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram lemon processing, essential oils extraction built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram lemon processing, essential oils extraction", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for lemon oil (w/o transport) (f2540bb_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.2111 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "essential oils, lemon", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "market for lemon oil (w/o transport) (f2540bb_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.2111 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_8bd74dbdd367e339": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/21d4a72c46124ea7bd40be25063b8ab8", "name": "mango juice concentrate production, cold crushing pulping + six effect evaporation concentration", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_mango_concentrate_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "mango juice concentrate, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "hestia", "id": "concentrateJrl807" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "b7664c9f-f77c-4d6a-91ca-816492a2854c" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_mango_concentrate_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "delborghi_2014", "text": "Del Borghi et al. 2014 (tomato processing LCI)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram mango juice concentrate production, cold crushing pulping + six effect evaporation concentration built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram mango juice concentrate production, cold crushing pulping + six effect evaporation concentration", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Mango Concentrate production (21d4a72c46124ea7bd40be25063b8ab8, RER): chained cascade (pulping → concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.1201 kg CO2eq/kg. Pulping: Turkish tomato paste plant equipment survey (Karakaya 2011) (0.02675 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg concentrate). Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.01694 kWh, 1.8654 MJ/kg concentrate). Pulping CIP overhead: Italian tomato processing whole-plant CIP overhead (Delborghi 2014) (source: delborghi_2014, mode: covered_by_whole_plant) Concentration CIP overhead: Italian tomato processing whole-plant CIP overhead (Delborghi 2014) (source: delborghi_2014, mode: whole_plant_primary). Pulping infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.865444, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "apple concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.016938, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "apple concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 4.196296, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 4.196296, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 3.814815, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "apple concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000484, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000268, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000268, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 3.2e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "mango concentrate, pulping", "amount": 4.814815, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Mango Concentrate production (21d4a72c46124ea7bd40be25063b8ab8, RER): chained cascade (pulping → concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.1201 kg CO2eq/kg. Pulping: Turkish tomato paste plant equipment survey (Karakaya 2011) (0.02675 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg concentrate). Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.01694 kWh, 1.8654 MJ/kg concentrate). Pulping CIP overhead: Italian tomato processing whole-plant CIP overhead (Delborghi 2014) (source: delborghi_2014, mode: covered_by_whole_plant) Concentration CIP overhead: Italian tomato processing whole-plant CIP overhead (Delborghi 2014) (source: delborghi_2014, mode: whole_plant_primary). Pulping infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_579b86fbfc6d7009": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/9028b2c916ab4dc2b94de14bc66f15c3", "name": "market for mango juice concentrate, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_mango_concentrate_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "mango juice concentrate, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "hestia", "id": "concentrateJrl807" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "b7664c9f-f77c-4d6a-91ca-816492a2854c" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_mango_concentrate_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for mango juice concentrate, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for mango juice concentrate, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for mango juice concentrate (9028b2c_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.1201 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "mango juice concentrate", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "market for mango juice concentrate (9028b2c_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.1201 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_baeebbf802d25ff6": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/bba0fb0267ac4f23aba0f1802b3dd23e_copy5", "name": "lemon juice processing, concentration", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_lemon_juice_concentration_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "lemon juice concentrate, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03302712" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "lemon-juice-concentrates" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_lemon_juice_concentration_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All energy parameters from open peer-reviewed literature and public databases. No flow-level data copied from the ecoinvent proprietary database. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.73, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram lemon juice processing, concentration built from 2 energy / processing, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram lemon juice processing, concentration", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Lemon juice concentrate (w/o transport, RER): cradle-to-gate composite. Concentration step: multi-effect vacuum evaporation of 4.815 kg single-strength lemon juice (13.5 deg Brix) to 1 kg 65.0 deg Brix concentrate (3.815 kg water evaporated x 1.824 MJ/kg water = 6.958 MJ natural gas + 0.143 kWh, Beccali 2009 Fig 2 multi-effect evaporator). Upstream juice via food_processing_lemon_juice_market_RER (2.222 kg lemon/kg juice, 45% yield, Beccali 2009; fruit_crops_lci ES lemon proxy). Full cradle-to-gate ~2.34 kg CO2eq/kg (BAFU technosphere) vs EI reference 3.301; the ~29% gap is a legitimate background-database substitution effect after correcting the concentration energy.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 6.958222, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.142789, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "lemon juice, single-strength (food_processing_lci cold-press extraction)", "amount": 4.8148, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (4.8148 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (4.8148 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 101.0, "protein_g": 0.28500000000000003, "fat_g": 0.135, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0135, "carbohydrates_g": 25.709999999999997, "sugars_g": 23.665, "fiber_g": 0.35, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.13716, "water_g": 71.85 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 17.0, 185.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.12, 0.45 ], "fat_g": [ 0.07, 0.2 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.027 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 5.62, 45.8 ], "sugars_g": [ 1.53, 45.8 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.7 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.06096, 0.21336000000000002 ], "water_g": [ 50.1, 93.6 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodon:FOODON_03302712", "matched_term_name": "lemon juice concentrate", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 2, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Lemon juice concentrate (w/o transport, RER): cradle-to-gate composite. Concentration step: multi-effect vacuum evaporation of 4.815 kg single-strength lemon juice (13.5 deg Brix) to 1 kg 65.0 deg Brix concentrate (3.815 kg water evaporated x 1.824 MJ/kg water = 6.958 MJ natural gas + 0.143 kWh, Beccali 2009 Fig 2 multi-effect evaporator). Upstream juice via food_processing_lemon_juice_market_RER (2.222 kg lemon/kg juice, 45% yield, Beccali 2009; fruit_crops_lci ES lemon proxy). Full cradle-to-gate ~2.34 kg CO2eq/kg (BAFU technosphere) vs EI reference 3.301; the ~29% gap is a legitimate background-database substitution effect after correcting the concentration energy." }, "repl_6878f3440e62e19a": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/bba0fb0267ac4f23aba0f1802b3dd23e_copy8", "name": "lemon juice processing, concentration", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_lemon_juice_concentration_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "lemon juice concentrate, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03302712" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "lemon-juice-concentrates" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_lemon_juice_concentration_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram lemon juice processing, concentration built from 2 energy / processing, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram lemon juice processing, concentration", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Lemon juice concentrate production (RER): Pattern A composite LCI with substitute_edb_self. The current food_processing_lci activity already models the full open cradle-to-gate chain: 4.8148 kg single-strength lemon juice via food_processing_lemon_juice_market_RER plus 18.5781 MJ natural gas heat and 0.1911 kWh electricity for multi-effect concentration to 65 Brix (Baker & McKenzie 2005; Beccali 2009; CODEX STAN 247-2005; AIJN 2022). This manual override is needed because copy8 is the production activity itself: without substitute_edb_self, the remapper preserves the stale EDB exchange list (including milk evaporation and legacy lemon-juice links) instead of collapsing the activity to food_processing_lemon_juice_concentration_RER. copy5 and copy10 already route through the composite and land at ~3.22-3.24 kg CO2eq/kg; copy8 should match the same open chain once self-substitution is enabled.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 6.958222, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.142789, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "lemon juice, single-strength (food_processing_lci cold-press extraction)", "amount": 4.8148, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (4.8148 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (4.8148 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 101.0, "protein_g": 0.28500000000000003, "fat_g": 0.135, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0135, "carbohydrates_g": 25.709999999999997, "sugars_g": 23.665, "fiber_g": 0.35, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.13716, "water_g": 71.85 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 17.0, 185.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.12, 0.45 ], "fat_g": [ 0.07, 0.2 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.027 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 5.62, 45.8 ], "sugars_g": [ 1.53, 45.8 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.7 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.06096, 0.21336000000000002 ], "water_g": [ 50.1, 93.6 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodon:FOODON_03302712", "matched_term_name": "lemon juice concentrate", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 2, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Lemon juice concentrate production (RER): Pattern A composite LCI with substitute_edb_self. The current food_processing_lci activity already models the full open cradle-to-gate chain: 4.8148 kg single-strength lemon juice via food_processing_lemon_juice_market_RER plus 18.5781 MJ natural gas heat and 0.1911 kWh electricity for multi-effect concentration to 65 Brix (Baker & McKenzie 2005; Beccali 2009; CODEX STAN 247-2005; AIJN 2022). This manual override is needed because copy8 is the production activity itself: without substitute_edb_self, the remapper preserves the stale EDB exchange list (including milk evaporation and legacy lemon-juice links) instead of collapsing the activity to food_processing_lemon_juice_concentration_RER. copy5 and copy10 already route through the composite and land at ~3.22-3.24 kg CO2eq/kg; copy8 should match the same open chain once self-substitution is enabled." }, "repl_a05830d57493d9dd": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/bba0fb0267ac4f23aba0f1802b3dd23e_copy10", "name": "lemon juice processing, concentration", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_lemon_juice_concentration_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "lemon juice concentrate, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03302712" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "lemon-juice-concentrates" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_lemon_juice_concentration_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All energy parameters from open peer-reviewed literature and public databases. No flow-level data copied from the ecoinvent proprietary database. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.73, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram lemon juice processing, concentration built from 2 energy / processing, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram lemon juice processing, concentration", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Market for lemon juice concentrate (RER, with transport). Same cradle-to-gate food_processing_lci activity as copy5/copy8 (upstream juice via food_processing_lemon_juice_market_RER). Transport (~0.017 kg CO2eq/kg) not modelled separately.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 6.958222, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.142789, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "lemon juice, single-strength (food_processing_lci cold-press extraction)", "amount": 4.8148, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (4.8148 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (4.8148 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 101.0, "protein_g": 0.28500000000000003, "fat_g": 0.135, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0135, "carbohydrates_g": 25.709999999999997, "sugars_g": 23.665, "fiber_g": 0.35, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.13716, "water_g": 71.85 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 17.0, 185.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.12, 0.45 ], "fat_g": [ 0.07, 0.2 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.027 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 5.62, 45.8 ], "sugars_g": [ 1.53, 45.8 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.7 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.06096, 0.21336000000000002 ], "water_g": [ 50.1, 93.6 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodon:FOODON_03302712", "matched_term_name": "lemon juice concentrate", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 2, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Market for lemon juice concentrate (RER, with transport). Same cradle-to-gate food_processing_lci activity as copy5/copy8 (upstream juice via food_processing_lemon_juice_market_RER). Transport (~0.017 kg CO2eq/kg) not modelled separately." }, "repl_dbe4cebc81802229": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/bba0fb0267ac4f23aba0f1802b3dd23e_copy4", "name": "lemon juice processing, cold-press extraction", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_lemon_juice_market_RER" }, "sediment": { "gadm": "RER", "intent": "lemon juice, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_lemon_juice_market_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.75, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram lemon juice processing, cold-press extraction built from 1 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram lemon juice processing, cold-press extraction", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Market for lemon juice (w/o transport, RER). Cold-press extraction: 2.222 kg lemon per kg juice (45% yield, Beccali 2009 Figure 2) + 0.0915 kWh/kg electricity. Upstream: fruit_crops_lci lemon proxy via food_processing_lemon_juice_market_RER activity. substitute_edb_self=true: prevents EDB->EDB proxy substitution from intercepting copy63 (lemon processing co-product, electricity-only) instead of using this entry's own mapping to the market activity (which includes 2.222 kg upstream lemon production). Without this flag, copy4's exchange referencing copy63 causes the remapper to use copy63's mapping (food_processing_lemon_juice_RER, electricity-only), losing the entire upstream lemon input.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0915, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "lemon, at farm gate (fruit_crops_lci proxy)", "amount": 2.222, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.222 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.222 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 28.0, "protein_g": 0.4, "fat_g": 0.2, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 2.5, "sugars_g": 2.5, "fiber_g": 0.3, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 92.3 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 28.0, 28.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.4, 0.4 ], "fat_g": [ 0.2, 0.2 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 2.5, 2.5 ], "sugars_g": [ 2.5, 2.5 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.3, 0.3 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 92.3, 92.3 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Lemon juice", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 1.0, "embedding_distance": 0.0, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'lemon juice' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Market for lemon juice (w/o transport, RER). Cold-press extraction: 2.222 kg lemon per kg juice (45% yield, Beccali 2009 Figure 2) + 0.0915 kWh/kg electricity. Upstream: fruit_crops_lci lemon proxy via food_processing_lemon_juice_market_RER activity. substitute_edb_self=true: prevents EDB->EDB proxy substitution from intercepting copy63 (lemon processing co-product, electricity-only) instead of using this entry's own mapping to the market activity (which includes 2.222 kg upstream lemon production). Without this flag, copy4's exchange referencing copy63 causes the remapper to use copy63's mapping (food_processing_lemon_juice_RER, electricity-only), losing the entire upstream lemon input." }, "repl_8b54e06dd0db27e1": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/bba0fb0267ac4f23aba0f1802b3dd23e_copy11", "name": "lemon juice processing, cold-press extraction", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_lemon_juice_market_RER" }, "sediment": { "gadm": "RER", "intent": "lemon juice, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_lemon_juice_market_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.75, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram lemon juice processing, cold-press extraction built from 1 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram lemon juice processing, cold-press extraction", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Market for lemon juice (with transport, RER). Same process as copy4 with substitute_edb_self=true to prevent EDB->EDB proxy chain bypass via copy63. Transport (~0.017 kg CO2eq/kg delta) not modelled separately. Beccali 2009 Figure 2.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0915, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "lemon, at farm gate (fruit_crops_lci proxy)", "amount": 2.222, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.222 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.222 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 28.0, "protein_g": 0.4, "fat_g": 0.2, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 2.5, "sugars_g": 2.5, "fiber_g": 0.3, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 92.3 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 28.0, 28.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.4, 0.4 ], "fat_g": [ 0.2, 0.2 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 2.5, 2.5 ], "sugars_g": [ 2.5, 2.5 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.3, 0.3 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 92.3, 92.3 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Lemon juice", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 1.0, "embedding_distance": 0.0, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'lemon juice' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Market for lemon juice (with transport, RER). Same process as copy4 with substitute_edb_self=true to prevent EDB->EDB proxy chain bypass via copy63. Transport (~0.017 kg CO2eq/kg delta) not modelled separately. Beccali 2009 Figure 2." }, "repl_2b23d6dbaef5a14f": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/bba0fb0267ac4f23aba0f1802b3dd23e_copy7", "name": "lime juice processing, cold-press extraction (lemon proxy)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_lime_juice_market_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "lime juice, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03306160" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "lime-juices" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_lime_juice_market_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All energy parameters from open peer-reviewed literature and public databases. No flow-level data copied from the ecoinvent proprietary database. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram lime juice processing, cold-press extraction (lemon proxy) built from 1 energy / processing, 1 mineral fertiliser.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram lime juice processing, cold-press extraction (lemon proxy)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Market for lime juice (w/o transport, RER). Lemon proxy used -- Citrus aurantiifolia and Citrus limon share comparable agronomic inputs (Beccali 2009; FAO Food Composition Database). Same extraction energy: 0.0915 kWh/kg, 2.222 kg citrus per kg juice.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0915, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.0915 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.0915 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.0915 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.0915 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "lime, at farm gate (lemon proxy via fruit_crops_lci)", "amount": 2.222, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "mineral fertiliser", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.222 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.222 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "mineral fertiliser", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 15.32625975, "protein_g": 0.3, "fat_g": 0.125, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 3.2, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.1, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00508, "water_g": 92.5 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 15.32625975, 15.32625975 ], "protein_g": [ 0.3, 0.3 ], "fat_g": [ 0.125, 0.125 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 3.2, 3.2 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.1, 0.1 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.00508, 0.00508 ], "water_g": [ 92.5, 92.5 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Lime juice", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.797, "embedding_distance": 0.203, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'lime juice' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Market for lime juice (w/o transport, RER). Lemon proxy used -- Citrus aurantiifolia and Citrus limon share comparable agronomic inputs (Beccali 2009; FAO Food Composition Database). Same extraction energy: 0.0915 kWh/kg, 2.222 kg citrus per kg juice." }, "repl_7dde4eff4f915fec": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy15", "name": "generic juice production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_generic_juice_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Juice and others, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "a8277e05-4683-4f31-851b-aef38baeb9c2" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_generic_juice_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "sense_d2_1_2013", "text": "SENSE project D2.1 2013 (food LCA inventory)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram generic juice production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram generic juice production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Generic Juice production (copy15, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0451 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009) (0.01557 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange HTST pasteurisation (0.01569 kWh, 0.3573 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Spanish Zuvamesa juice plant CIP overhead (source: sense_d2_1_2013, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.3573, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.01569, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 0.3988, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.3988, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "generic juice, extracted", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Generic Juice production (copy15, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0451 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009) (0.01557 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange HTST pasteurisation (0.01569 kWh, 0.3573 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Spanish Zuvamesa juice plant CIP overhead (source: sense_d2_1_2013, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_039ff964b2d067b2": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy61", "name": "NFC orange juice production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_orange_juice_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "orange juice, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25492" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301103" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "orange-juices" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_orange_juice_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "sense_d2_1_2013", "text": "SENSE project D2.1 2013 (food LCA inventory)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram NFC orange juice production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram NFC orange juice production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Orange Juice production (copy61, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation). GWP metadata ≈ 0.4243 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0477 processing + 0.3766 upstream orange). Extraction: Italian orange cold-press plant (Beccali 2009) (0.02344 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange HTST pasteurisation (0.01569 kWh, 0.3573 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Spanish Zuvamesa juice plant CIP overhead (source: sense_d2_1_2013, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.3573, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.01569, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 0.3988, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.3988, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "orange juice, extracted", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 42.0, "protein_g": 0.6, "fat_g": 0.1, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 9.4, "sugars_g": 7.8, "fiber_g": 0.15000000000000002, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00254, "water_g": 88.925 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 23.0, 95.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.1, 0.8 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.5 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 4.5, 23.2 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 20.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.453 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.026289 ], "water_g": [ 76.1, 97.7 ] }, "match_tier": "glossary_name", "matched_term": "foodex2:A03AM", "matched_term_name": "orange juice", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 26, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "bridged via esfc-glossary: foodon:FOODON_03301103 -> 'orange juice' -> foodex2:A03AM" ] }, "notes": "Orange Juice production (copy61, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation). GWP metadata ≈ 0.4243 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0477 processing + 0.3766 upstream orange). Extraction: Italian orange cold-press plant (Beccali 2009) (0.02344 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange HTST pasteurisation (0.01569 kWh, 0.3573 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Spanish Zuvamesa juice plant CIP overhead (source: sense_d2_1_2013, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_e953094c9becc3c3": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/cd0710e58f7d4f3a880be6d7d45cac7a_copy1", "name": "market for NFC orange juice, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_orange_juice_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "orange juice, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25492" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301103" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "orange-juices" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_orange_juice_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.75, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for NFC orange juice, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for NFC orange juice, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for orange juice (w/o transport) (cd0710e_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.4243 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "orange juice, pasteurised", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 42.0, "protein_g": 0.6, "fat_g": 0.1, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 9.4, "sugars_g": 7.8, "fiber_g": 0.15000000000000002, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00254, "water_g": 88.925 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 23.0, 95.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.1, 0.8 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.5 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 4.5, 23.2 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 20.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.453 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.026289 ], "water_g": [ 76.1, 97.7 ] }, "match_tier": "glossary_name", "matched_term": "foodex2:A03AM", "matched_term_name": "orange juice", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 26, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "bridged via esfc-glossary: foodon:FOODON_03301103 -> 'orange juice' -> foodex2:A03AM" ] }, "notes": "market for orange juice (w/o transport) (cd0710e_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.4243 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_017d66e4e9bad945": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/3c84753e6ee541d3b25d993a9c272954_copy1", "name": "pineapple juice production, hpx press extraction + htst pasteurisation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_pineapple_juice_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "pineapple juice, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25496" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "pineapple-juices" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301276" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_pineapple_juice_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "le_feon_2023", "text": "Le Feon et al. 2023 (organic juice line CIP)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram pineapple juice production, hpx press extraction + htst pasteurisation built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram pineapple juice production, hpx press extraction + htst pasteurisation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Pineapple Juice production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0393 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Zimmer 2017 HPX direct juice (Bucher Unipektin) (0.01000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.01663 kWh, 0.2808 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Small-scale organic apple juice line CIP overhead (source: le_feon_2023, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.2808, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.01663, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 0.4222, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.4222, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "pineapple juice, extracted", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 51.0, "protein_g": 0.4, "fat_g": 0.1, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 12.1, "sugars_g": 12.1, "fiber_g": 0.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 86.3 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 51.0, 56.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.31, 0.4 ], "fat_g": [ 0.07, 0.1 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 12.1, 13.92 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 12.1 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.2 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 85.3, 86.3 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Pineapple juice", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 0.953, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 2, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.857, "embedding_distance": 0.143, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'pineapple juice (liquid)' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Pineapple Juice production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0393 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Zimmer 2017 HPX direct juice (Bucher Unipektin) (0.01000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.01663 kWh, 0.2808 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Small-scale organic apple juice line CIP overhead (source: le_feon_2023, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_29d435988ea8304e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/a825c6b549d04df99dea239f408fd785", "name": "market for pineapple juice, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_pineapple_juice_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "pineapple juice, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25496" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "pineapple-juices" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301276" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_pineapple_juice_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for pineapple juice, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for pineapple juice, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for pineapple juice, w/o transport (a825c6b_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.0393 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "pineapple juice, extracted", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 51.0, "protein_g": 0.4, "fat_g": 0.1, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 12.1, "sugars_g": 12.1, "fiber_g": 0.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 86.3 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 51.0, 56.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.31, 0.4 ], "fat_g": [ 0.07, 0.1 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 12.1, 13.92 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 12.1 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.2 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 85.3, 86.3 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Pineapple juice", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 0.953, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 2, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.857, "embedding_distance": 0.143, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'pineapple juice (liquid)' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "market for pineapple juice, w/o transport (a825c6b_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.0393 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_f98eb6bba9cb4884": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/aa44de66a3c74242b541103070811f6c", "name": "strawberry powder production, spray drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_strawberry_powder_spray_drying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "strawberry powder, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "48df8170-d31a-4d9f-856c-91a1529a0a69" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "B1393" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00003443" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_strawberry_powder_spray_drying_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram strawberry powder production, spray drying built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram strawberry powder production, spray drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Strawberry Powder production (aa44de66a3c74242b541103070811f6c, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 2.7764 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Italian apple multistage spray dryer (De Marco et al. 2015, MD route) (0.00886 kWh, 49.2883 MJ/kg powder). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: De Marco et al. 2015 spray drying SEC (MD route, 5.35 MJ/kg water); moisture balance from USDA FDC 167762 fresh strawberry + commercial powder spec 4 percent residual moisture.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 49.288298, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.008863, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 9.212766, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Strawberry Powder production (aa44de66a3c74242b541103070811f6c, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 2.7764 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Italian apple multistage spray dryer (De Marco et al. 2015, MD route) (0.00886 kWh, 49.2883 MJ/kg powder). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: De Marco et al. 2015 spray drying SEC (MD route, 5.35 MJ/kg water); moisture balance from USDA FDC 167762 fresh strawberry + commercial powder spec 4 percent residual moisture." }, "repl_214cd81322f9107a": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/edbf0c05159d4fc5af841401c0547494", "name": "market for strawberry powder, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_strawberry_powder_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "strawberry powder, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "48df8170-d31a-4d9f-856c-91a1529a0a69" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "B1393" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00003443" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_strawberry_powder_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.6, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for strawberry powder, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for strawberry powder, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) market for strawberry powder (edbf0c0_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 2.7764 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "strawberry powder", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "market for strawberry powder (edbf0c0_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 2.7764 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_55a4c27db8a2040f": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e8d72188c81b463cbc71ef9b8679d570", "name": "coconut flakes production, hot-air drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_coconut_flakes_drying_GLO" }, "sediment": { "intent": "coconut flakes, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00003449" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A014K" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_coconut_flakes_drying_GLO" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram coconut flakes production, hot-air drying built from 1 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram coconut flakes production, hot-air drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Coconut Flakes production (e8d72188c81b463cbc71ef9b8679d570, RER): chained cascade (drying). GWP metadata ≈ 1.3883 kg CO2eq/kg (0.2533 processing + 1.1350 upstream coconut). Drying: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt dryer (fruit & vegetable, continuous single/partial-recirculation) (0.00000 kWh, 4.3650 MJ/kg flakes). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt drying SEC 4.41 MJ/kg water (bracketed by the two verified De Marco et al. 2015 routes, drum 3.47 + spray 5.35; replaces the demoted artisanal Goncalves & Neto 2023 apple-snack proxy); moisture balance from PMC4519453 pared kernel 51 percent + Codex CXS 177-1991 desiccated 2.5 percent; upstream pared kernel from lci-fruit GLO market 953b8635 (0.5704 kg CO2eq/kg).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.365, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.989796, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "market for coconut, dehusked, modelled (GLO; lci-fruit process-based crop model)", "amount": 1.989796, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 356.0, "protein_g": 3.5, "fat_g": 33.5, "saturated_fat_g": 23.9315, "carbohydrates_g": 5.9, "sugars_g": 2.9, "fiber_g": 7.699999999999999, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.046250000298023224, "water_g": 47.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 40.0, 682.0 ], "protein_g": [ 1.9, 7.3 ], "fat_g": [ 19.0, 67.22 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 57.218 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 1.2000000000000028, 23.65 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 7.35 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 24.700000762939453 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.13970000000000002 ], "water_g": [ 0.25, 90.2 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A014K", "matched_term_name": "Coconuts", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 28, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Coconut Flakes production (e8d72188c81b463cbc71ef9b8679d570, RER): chained cascade (drying). GWP metadata ≈ 1.3883 kg CO2eq/kg (0.2533 processing + 1.1350 upstream coconut). Drying: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt dryer (fruit & vegetable, continuous single/partial-recirculation) (0.00000 kWh, 4.3650 MJ/kg flakes). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt drying SEC 4.41 MJ/kg water (bracketed by the two verified De Marco et al. 2015 routes, drum 3.47 + spray 5.35; replaces the demoted artisanal Goncalves & Neto 2023 apple-snack proxy); moisture balance from PMC4519453 pared kernel 51 percent + Codex CXS 177-1991 desiccated 2.5 percent; upstream pared kernel from lci-fruit GLO market 953b8635 (0.5704 kg CO2eq/kg)." }, "repl_c55955f3c70370ec": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/4d2ff9adafd544f095a75d4e228901c3", "name": "market for coconut flakes, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_coconut_flakes_GLO" }, "sediment": { "intent": "coconut flakes, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00003449" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A014K" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_coconut_flakes_GLO" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for coconut flakes, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for coconut flakes, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for coconut flakes, w/o transport (4d2ff9a_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 1.3883 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "coconut flakes", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "market for coconut flakes, w/o transport (4d2ff9a_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 1.3883 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_253b5cbf71716a2b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/766d7e46f95a42e29325224370512e31", "name": "dried mango production, hot-air drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_mango_drying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "mango dried, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01MK" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "dried-mangoes" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "A01MK" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541803", "name": "18030 - dried mangoes (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_mango_drying_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram dried mango production, hot-air drying built from 1 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram dried mango production, hot-air drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Mango Dried production (766d7e46f95a42e29325224370512e31, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.7723 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt dryer (fruit & vegetable, continuous single/partial-recirculation) (0.00000 kWh, 13.6176 MJ/kg dried). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt drying SEC 4.41 MJ/kg water (bracketed by the two verified De Marco et al. 2015 routes, drum 3.47 + spray 5.35; replaces the demoted artisanal Goncalves & Neto 2023 apple-snack proxy); moisture balance from USDA FDC 169910 fresh + Codex commercial 16.5 percent dried.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 13.617593, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 3.08789, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 338.4, "protein_g": 1.05, "fat_g": 0.01, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 86.28, "sugars_g": 50.7, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 10.4 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 338.4, 338.4 ], "protein_g": [ 1.05, 1.05 ], "fat_g": [ 0.01, 0.01 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 86.28, 86.28 ], "sugars_g": [ 50.7, 50.7 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 10.4, 10.4 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Mango Dried", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.867, "embedding_distance": 0.133, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Dried mangoes' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Mango Dried production (766d7e46f95a42e29325224370512e31, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.7723 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt dryer (fruit & vegetable, continuous single/partial-recirculation) (0.00000 kWh, 13.6176 MJ/kg dried). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt drying SEC 4.41 MJ/kg water (bracketed by the two verified De Marco et al. 2015 routes, drum 3.47 + spray 5.35; replaces the demoted artisanal Goncalves & Neto 2023 apple-snack proxy); moisture balance from USDA FDC 169910 fresh + Codex commercial 16.5 percent dried." }, "repl_4acf17caeef2dc5f": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/28f7731bcff54ba783cb1d2aae28ba50", "name": "market for dried mango, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_mango_dried_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "mango dried, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01MK" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "dried-mangoes" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "A01MK" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541803", "name": "18030 - dried mangoes (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_mango_dried_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for dried mango, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for dried mango, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) market for mango, dried w/o transport (28f7731_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.7723 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "dried mango", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 338.4, "protein_g": 1.05, "fat_g": 0.01, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 86.28, "sugars_g": 50.7, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 10.4 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 338.4, 338.4 ], "protein_g": [ 1.05, 1.05 ], "fat_g": [ 0.01, 0.01 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 86.28, 86.28 ], "sugars_g": [ 50.7, 50.7 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 10.4, 10.4 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Mango Dried", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.867, "embedding_distance": 0.133, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Dried mangoes' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "market for mango, dried w/o transport (28f7731_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.7723 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_2edae9ae01853822": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/232a3fdf7d2348acbfbddabefa494a34_copy2", "name": "coconut milk powder with maltodextrin production, spray-drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_coconut_milk_powder_spray_drying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "coconut milk powder, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F4R" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "A0F4R" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543260" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_coconut_milk_powder_spray_drying_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": false, "note": "Closure reaches licensed background (ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff) — NOT ecoinvent-free. Cite, do not redistribute as BAFU-clean.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram coconut milk powder with maltodextrin production, spray-drying built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram coconut milk powder with maltodextrin production, spray-drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Coconut milk powder with maltodextrin production (RER): Pattern A composite LCI with BAFU technosphere exchanges + upstream mass inputs. Mass balance from open literature: 2.275 kg coconut milk (20% TS, CODEX STAN 240-2003) + 0.5 kg maltodextrin (50% carrier, literature 40-60%) + 0.01 kg xanthan gum (1% stabiliser). Spray-drying: 1.820 kg water x 4.87 MJ/kg (Baker & McKenzie 2005) = 8.863 MJ NG + RER electricity (27:1 ratio). Previously only had spray-drying energy; upstream coconut milk, maltodextrin, and xanthan gum inputs were missing from the food_processing_lci activity.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 8.8634, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.091187, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Yeast paste, from whey, at fermentation (CH, proxy for xanthan gum)", "amount": 0.01, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Coconut milk powder with maltodextrin production (RER): Pattern A composite LCI with BAFU technosphere exchanges + upstream mass inputs. Mass balance from open literature: 2.275 kg coconut milk (20% TS, CODEX STAN 240-2003) + 0.5 kg maltodextrin (50% carrier, literature 40-60%) + 0.01 kg xanthan gum (1% stabiliser). Spray-drying: 1.820 kg water x 4.87 MJ/kg (Baker & McKenzie 2005) = 8.863 MJ NG + RER electricity (27:1 ratio). Previously only had spray-drying energy; upstream coconut milk, maltodextrin, and xanthan gum inputs were missing from the food_processing_lci activity." }, "repl_857ed99814e5472c": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/4b62808842044a0cbc0951f831a06b77_copy1", "name": "sundried apricot production, open-air solar drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_apricot_sundrying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "sundried apricot, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A06TZ" }, { "ns": "intent", "id": "sundried plum, RER" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "A06TZ" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03544384", "name": "43840 - sundried tomato flavour (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_apricot_sundrying_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram sundried apricot production, open-air solar drying built from 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram sundried apricot production, open-air solar drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Apricot Sundried production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (drying). GWP metadata ≈ 1.1204 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0084 processing + 1.1120 upstream apricot). Drying: Open-air sun drying (solar-passive, generic fruit) (0.00000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg sundried). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Pure open-air solar drying (zero operational energy); moisture balance from USDA FDC 9024 fresh + FDC 9025 sundried 30.89 percent + Codex CXS 130-1981.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Water", "amount": 4.837209, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "first_principles_solar_passive" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "apricot, market w/o stone, modelled (fruit_crops_lci RER)", "amount": 5.837209, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Apricot Sundried production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (drying). GWP metadata ≈ 1.1204 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0084 processing + 1.1120 upstream apricot). Drying: Open-air sun drying (solar-passive, generic fruit) (0.00000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg sundried). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Pure open-air solar drying (zero operational energy); moisture balance from USDA FDC 9024 fresh + FDC 9025 sundried 30.89 percent + Codex CXS 130-1981." }, "repl_887e515b8bc74af4": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/d0bf0a9f954447798fbf1aeaf5c439e1_copy1", "name": "market for sundried apricot, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_sundried_apricot_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "sundried apricot, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A06TZ" }, { "ns": "intent", "id": "sundried plum, RER" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "A06TZ" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03544384", "name": "43840 - sundried tomato flavour (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_sundried_apricot_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.6, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for sundried apricot, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for sundried apricot, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for sundried apricot, w/o transport (d0bf0a9_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 1.1204 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "sundried apricot", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "market for sundried apricot, w/o transport (d0bf0a9_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 1.1204 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_8e577ea57f3c6d6d": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy31", "name": "Katsuobushi processing, drying of tuna", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_katsuobushi_JP" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Katsuobushi processing, drying of tuna, JP", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "katsuobushi" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "JP", "name": "Japan" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_katsuobushi_JP" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All energy parameters and emission factors from open peer-reviewed literature and public databases (USDA FDC, MAFF Japan, IEA, FAO, IPCC). No flow-level data copied from the ecoinvent proprietary database. The 26.1 MJ heat and 0.225 kWh electricity quantities appearing in the EDB record are NOT used here — our 25 MJ and 0.22 kWh are independently derived from first-principles mass balance + FAO kiln-efficiency data.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.75, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Katsuobushi processing, drying of tuna built from 2 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Katsuobushi processing, drying of tuna", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Katsuobushi (smoked-dried skipjack tuna) processing, Japan: bafu_key=null + biosphere_exchanges. Root cause: automated BAFU remapping substituted wood heat with natural gas boiler (+0.911 kg CO2eq) and JP electricity with RER electricity (-0.090 kg CO2eq), causing net +0.821 kg CO2eq/kg overestimate in edb_bafu (2.149 vs 1.324 EI reference). Fix: literature-derived wood-smoke-drying inventory from first principles. Mass balance: 5.0 kg whole fresh skipjack/kg arabushi (USDA FDC moisture 72.7% fresh, 25% product; MAFF Japan moisture spec ≤26%); water evaporated 3.385 kg/kg. Energy: 25 MJ hardwood (biogenic; 30% kiln efficiency, FAO artisanal smoking 0.29 kg/kg fresh × 5 kg/kg dried × 16 MJ/kg wood = 23.2 MJ; kiln-efficiency calculation 26 MJ; average 25 MJ/kg adopted). Electricity (JP grid): 0.22 kWh × 0.497 kg CO2/kWh (IEA 2020 Japan) = 0.1093 kg CO2-fossil. Wood combustion CO2 = biogenic → GWP100 ≈ 0 under IPCC AR6/BAFU framework. Processing-only GWP = 0.1093 kg CO2eq/kg. Note: EI reference GWP (1.324) is much higher because ecoinvent assigns fossil-equivalent CO2 to wood combustion (~0.040 CO2eq/MJ) vs BAFU biogenic ≈ 0. Residual difference is methodology, not mapping error.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, wood chips, at furnace 1000kW (CH)", "amount": 25.0, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (JP)", "amount": 0.22, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Katsuobushi (smoked-dried skipjack tuna) processing, Japan: bafu_key=null + biosphere_exchanges. Root cause: automated BAFU remapping substituted wood heat with natural gas boiler (+0.911 kg CO2eq) and JP electricity with RER electricity (-0.090 kg CO2eq), causing net +0.821 kg CO2eq/kg overestimate in edb_bafu (2.149 vs 1.324 EI reference). Fix: literature-derived wood-smoke-drying inventory from first principles. Mass balance: 5.0 kg whole fresh skipjack/kg arabushi (USDA FDC moisture 72.7% fresh, 25% product; MAFF Japan moisture spec ≤26%); water evaporated 3.385 kg/kg. Energy: 25 MJ hardwood (biogenic; 30% kiln efficiency, FAO artisanal smoking 0.29 kg/kg fresh × 5 kg/kg dried × 16 MJ/kg wood = 23.2 MJ; kiln-efficiency calculation 26 MJ; average 25 MJ/kg adopted). Electricity (JP grid): 0.22 kWh × 0.497 kg CO2/kWh (IEA 2020 Japan) = 0.1093 kg CO2-fossil. Wood combustion CO2 = biogenic → GWP100 ≈ 0 under IPCC AR6/BAFU framework. Processing-only GWP = 0.1093 kg CO2eq/kg. Note: EI reference GWP (1.324) is much higher because ecoinvent assigns fossil-equivalent CO2 to wood combustion (~0.040 CO2eq/MJ) vs BAFU biogenic ≈ 0. Residual difference is methodology, not mapping error." }, "repl_5a9178430be29cdc": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/6041c252e31657f6b1ffee0221d82066_copy4", "name": "chocolate products processing, energy and utilities", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_chocolate_products_Europe" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Chocolate products, Europe", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A034F" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "A034F" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543033" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "Europe", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_chocolate_products_Europe" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All inventory parameters from open peer-reviewed literature (Nur 2023, Liu 2024, Konstantas 2019) and IPCC 2006. No flow-level data copied from the ecoinvent proprietary database. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.67, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram chocolate products processing, energy and utilities built from 2 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram chocolate products processing, energy and utilities", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Chocolate products manufacturing (gate-to-gate), Pattern A composite LCI. Itemized from Nur et al. (2023) Sustainability 15:13527 Table 3: electricity (mixing/grinding/pressing/tempering/molding) 0.4162055 kWh/kg -> 0.1328 kg CO2 via BAFU 609058; roasting heat 4.537 MJ/kg (0.0986 kg LPG x 46 MJ/kg, proxied by BAFU NG boiler heat 252893) -> 0.3391 kg CO2; tap water 1.885 kg/kg (BAFU 227940) + wastewater 1.885 kg/kg (BAFU 510767) -> 0.0012 kg CO2. Expected composite GWP = 0.4731 kg CO2eq/kg. The prior calibrated overhead residual (0.4189 kg direct biosphere CO2, solved to hit the Haas 2020 0.740 benchmark) has been removed -- it had no physical basis and violated the LCI Inventory Policy. Excluded by design: refrigerant (ambiguous source compound; electrical refrigeration work already in tempering/molding kWh), compressed air (no BAFU activity), packaging (lci-packaging), upstream cocoa/sugar/dairy (separate EDB activities). The ei reference (0.999, flagged NEEDS UPDATE) is higher because of an older/higher-carbon European grid and likely facility overhead.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.537, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.416206, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.4162055 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.416206 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.4162055 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.416206 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.885, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.001885, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 540.7049999999999, "protein_g": 7.8, "fat_g": 32.57, "saturated_fat_g": 19.7, "carbohydrates_g": 53.4, "sugars_g": 41.7, "fiber_g": 3.9, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.05842000000000001, "water_g": 1.2 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 363.0, 598.0 ], "protein_g": [ 4.9, 12.0 ], "fat_g": [ 28.6, 48.6 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 16.6, 31.95 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 19.5, 84.9 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 59.5 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 14.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.3175 ], "water_g": [ 0.5, 2.799999952316284 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "milk", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 0.996, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 21, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.689, "embedding_distance": 0.311, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Chocolate and chocolate products' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Chocolate products manufacturing (gate-to-gate), Pattern A composite LCI. Itemized from Nur et al. (2023) Sustainability 15:13527 Table 3: electricity (mixing/grinding/pressing/tempering/molding) 0.4162055 kWh/kg -> 0.1328 kg CO2 via BAFU 609058; roasting heat 4.537 MJ/kg (0.0986 kg LPG x 46 MJ/kg, proxied by BAFU NG boiler heat 252893) -> 0.3391 kg CO2; tap water 1.885 kg/kg (BAFU 227940) + wastewater 1.885 kg/kg (BAFU 510767) -> 0.0012 kg CO2. Expected composite GWP = 0.4731 kg CO2eq/kg. The prior calibrated overhead residual (0.4189 kg direct biosphere CO2, solved to hit the Haas 2020 0.740 benchmark) has been removed -- it had no physical basis and violated the LCI Inventory Policy. Excluded by design: refrigerant (ambiguous source compound; electrical refrigeration work already in tempering/molding kWh), compressed air (no BAFU activity), packaging (lci-packaging), upstream cocoa/sugar/dairy (separate EDB activities). The ei reference (0.999, flagged NEEDS UPDATE) is higher because of an older/higher-carbon European grid and likely facility overhead." }, "repl_7b8ca8b220663fc1": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/6041c252e31657f6b1ffee0221d82066_copy3", "name": "chocolate biscuit production, processing energy and utilities", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_chocolate_biscuit_Europe" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Chocolate biscuit, Europe", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "chocolate-biscuits" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "Europe", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_chocolate_biscuit_Europe" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All inventory parameters from open peer-reviewed literature (Miah 2018, EU BREF 2006) and IPCC 2006. No flow-level data copied from the ecoinvent proprietary database. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram chocolate biscuit production, processing energy and utilities built from 2 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram chocolate biscuit production, processing energy and utilities", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Chocolate biscuit manufacturing (gate-to-gate), Pattern A composite LCI. Two-stage process: biscuit baking (tunnel oven) + chocolate enrobing/coating (~70% biscuit base + ~30% coating). Electricity 0.33 kWh/kg (Miah 2018 + EU BREF Sec.5.3) -> 0.1053 kg CO2 via BAFU 609058; natural gas 3.2 MJ/kg (baking oven 2.66 + tempering 0.5, Miah 2018) -> 0.2392 kg CO2 via BAFU 252893. Expected composite GWP = 0.3445 kg CO2eq/kg. The prior calibrated overhead residual (0.4922 kg direct biosphere CO2) has been removed -- it had no physical basis and violated the LCI Inventory Policy. Process water / wastewater for biscuit lines are flagged not_available (no itemized open inventory on hand). ei reference (1.033, flagged NEEDS UPDATE) covers an older grid and possible upstream/overhead.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 3.2, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.33, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.33 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.33 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.33 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.33 kWh.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Chocolate biscuit manufacturing (gate-to-gate), Pattern A composite LCI. Two-stage process: biscuit baking (tunnel oven) + chocolate enrobing/coating (~70% biscuit base + ~30% coating). Electricity 0.33 kWh/kg (Miah 2018 + EU BREF Sec.5.3) -> 0.1053 kg CO2 via BAFU 609058; natural gas 3.2 MJ/kg (baking oven 2.66 + tempering 0.5, Miah 2018) -> 0.2392 kg CO2 via BAFU 252893. Expected composite GWP = 0.3445 kg CO2eq/kg. The prior calibrated overhead residual (0.4922 kg direct biosphere CO2) has been removed -- it had no physical basis and violated the LCI Inventory Policy. Process water / wastewater for biscuit lines are flagged not_available (no itemized open inventory on hand). ei reference (1.033, flagged NEEDS UPDATE) covers an older grid and possible upstream/overhead." }, "repl_1f7e2fb51fb0d697": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy11", "name": "wheat flour production, dry roller milling (cascade, RoW)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_flour_dry_milling_RoW" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat flour, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A003X" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25511" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "c7b1f264-abe2-47c4-8fcf-db3229228485" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540088", "name": "00880 - wheat flour (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_flour_dry_milling_RoW" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat flour production, dry roller milling (cascade, RoW) built from 2 energy / processing, 2 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat flour production, dry roller milling (cascade, RoW)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Wheat Conventional Flour production (copy11, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0308 kg CO2eq/kg. Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; IAOM 0.77 mass balance proxy.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0901, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0231, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "uk_flour_millers_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 352.0, "protein_g": 10.4, "fat_g": 1.8, "saturated_fat_g": 0.24, "carbohydrates_g": 72.2, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 2.8, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0083058, "water_g": 12.2 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 313.0, 361.0 ], "protein_g": [ 8.6, 13.9 ], "fat_g": [ 0.65, 2.5 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.447 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 57.9, 80.51 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 2.1 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 8.4 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.02497074 ], "water_g": [ 6.35, 14.7 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A003X", "matched_term_name": "Wheat flour", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 40, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Wheat Conventional Flour production (copy11, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0308 kg CO2eq/kg. Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; IAOM 0.77 mass balance proxy." }, "repl_b98e5cb084325b58": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy2", "name": "wheat flour production, dry roller milling (cascade, RoW alt-record)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_flour_dry_milling_RoW" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat grain processing, dry milling, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "2512b122-8721-4d34-a04d-fa0fead01c7f" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_flour_dry_milling_RoW" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat flour production, dry roller milling (cascade, RoW alt-record) built from 2 energy / processing, 2 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat flour production, dry roller milling (cascade, RoW alt-record)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Wheat Conventional Flour production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0308 kg CO2eq/kg. Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; IAOM 0.77 mass balance proxy.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0901, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0231, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "uk_flour_millers_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Wheat Conventional Flour production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0308 kg CO2eq/kg. Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; IAOM 0.77 mass balance proxy." }, "repl_65504df94e145502": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/6041c252e31657f6b1ffee0221d82066_copy32", "name": "textured soy production, soy-protein-concentrate low-moisture extrusion + hot-air drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_textured_soy_protein_from_concentrate_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Textured soy protein, soy-protein-concentrate low-moisture extrusion, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A03TF", "name": "Soyabean-based meat imitates" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0BE2", "name": "Soy protein concentrate" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ], "time": { "start": "2021", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_textured_soy_protein_from_concentrate_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "concentrate_fed_route_per_saerens_2021_table1", "spc_feed_from_tributary_composite_intra_db_link", "spc_feed_bongiovanni_gas_intensive_high_end_of_dataset_spread", "rer_processing_proxy", "cip_chemicals_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Inventory amounts come from open peer-reviewed literature (Saerens 2021, Bongiovanni 2026 CC BY 4.0) and BAFU OGD activities. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data was copied or used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram textured soy production, soy-protein-concentrate low-moisture extrusion + hot-air drying built from 1 energy / processing, 2 other input, 1 processing input; emissions: field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram textured soy production, soy-protein-concentrate low-moisture extrusion + hot-air drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Pattern A textured soy protein composite from Saerens et al. 2021 Table 3 TVP soy total row, concentrate-fed route. Saerens Table 1 states the TVP-soy substrate is soy protein concentrate (67% protein DM, Solae Europe SA CH), so the feed is the tributary's own SPC wet-fractionation composite (intra-database link), NOT a defatted-flour proxy. The at-plant inventory uses per kg useful product: 0.900000 kg soy protein concentrate, 0.256250 kWh RER electricity, 0.225000 kg process water, 17.275000 kg open-loop cooling water, and 0.076031 kg biowaste. Expected BAFU sanity GWP is 2.369093 kg CO2eq/kg, dominated by the SPC feed. Packaging, distribution, retail storage, and rehydration are outside this at-plant activity. No scalar, residual, or conversion factor was fitted to the Agribalyse or ecoinvent reference score. Feed corrected on 2026-07-06 from a BAFU soybean-meal proxy to the tributary SPC wet-fractionation composite: Saerens et al. 2021 Table 1 states the TVP-soy substrate is soy protein concentrate (67% protein DM, Solae Europe SA CH), and the ecoinvent node is named 'soy protein concentrate processing'. The residual divergence vs the ecoinvent reference is driven by the SPC feedstock model (Bongiovanni 2026 Argentine SPC is gas-intensive); any correction belongs in the SPC composite, not here.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.25625, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.225, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 17.275, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 17.275, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation (CH)", "amount": 0.076031, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Soy protein concentrate (RER composite), Saerens 2021 TVP-soy feed", "amount": 0.9, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.9 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.9 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Pattern A textured soy protein composite from Saerens et al. 2021 Table 3 TVP soy total row, concentrate-fed route. Saerens Table 1 states the TVP-soy substrate is soy protein concentrate (67% protein DM, Solae Europe SA CH), so the feed is the tributary's own SPC wet-fractionation composite (intra-database link), NOT a defatted-flour proxy. The at-plant inventory uses per kg useful product: 0.900000 kg soy protein concentrate, 0.256250 kWh RER electricity, 0.225000 kg process water, 17.275000 kg open-loop cooling water, and 0.076031 kg biowaste. Expected BAFU sanity GWP is 2.369093 kg CO2eq/kg, dominated by the SPC feed. Packaging, distribution, retail storage, and rehydration are outside this at-plant activity. No scalar, residual, or conversion factor was fitted to the Agribalyse or ecoinvent reference score. Feed corrected on 2026-07-06 from a BAFU soybean-meal proxy to the tributary SPC wet-fractionation composite: Saerens et al. 2021 Table 1 states the TVP-soy substrate is soy protein concentrate (67% protein DM, Solae Europe SA CH), and the ecoinvent node is named 'soy protein concentrate processing'. The residual divergence vs the ecoinvent reference is driven by the SPC feedstock model (Bongiovanni 2026 Argentine SPC is gas-intensive); any correction belongs in the SPC composite, not here." }, "repl_459254f67b2962f9": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/4fa569d207644cf8b452d1693f106250_copy2", "name": "onion powder production, hot-air drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_onion_powder_drying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "onion powder, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "onion-powder" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301845" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_onion_powder_drying_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram onion powder production, hot-air drying built from 1 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram onion powder production, hot-air drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Onion Powder production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (drying). GWP metadata ≈ 3.7218 kg CO2eq/kg (2.0781 processing + 1.6437 upstream onion). Drying: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt dryer (fruit & vegetable, continuous single/partial-recirculation) (0.00000 kWh, 36.8934 MJ/kg powder). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt drying SEC 4.41 MJ/kg water (bracketed by the two verified De Marco et al. 2015 routes, drum 3.47 + spray 5.35; replaces the demoted artisanal Goncalves & Neto 2023 apple-snack proxy); moisture balance from USDA FDC raw onion + Codex CXS 137-1981 dehydrated <= 5 percent; upstream fresh onion from lci-fruit RER process-based crop model.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 36.893415, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 8.365854, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "onion production, modelled (RER; lci-fruit process-based crop model)", "amount": 9.365854, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 342.0, "protein_g": 8.47, "fat_g": 1.045, "saturated_fat_g": 0.2, "carbohydrates_g": 78.63, "sugars_g": 2.36065, "fiber_g": 5.7, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.16129, "water_g": 5.39 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 165.0, 377.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.9, 10.41 ], "fat_g": [ 0.8, 3.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.13, 0.61 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 47.9, 82.1 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 6.63 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 15.2 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.08636, 0.2 ], "water_g": [ 4.8, 8.8 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "off:onion-powder", "matched_term_name": "onion powder", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 9, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Onion Powder production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (drying). GWP metadata ≈ 3.7218 kg CO2eq/kg (2.0781 processing + 1.6437 upstream onion). Drying: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt dryer (fruit & vegetable, continuous single/partial-recirculation) (0.00000 kWh, 36.8934 MJ/kg powder). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt drying SEC 4.41 MJ/kg water (bracketed by the two verified De Marco et al. 2015 routes, drum 3.47 + spray 5.35; replaces the demoted artisanal Goncalves & Neto 2023 apple-snack proxy); moisture balance from USDA FDC raw onion + Codex CXS 137-1981 dehydrated <= 5 percent; upstream fresh onion from lci-fruit RER process-based crop model." }, "repl_83e0b338272aaefe": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/6b96b91d46004064a102bfb188d8e1b0_copy4", "name": "market for onion powder, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_onion_powder_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "onion powder, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "onion-powder" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301845" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_onion_powder_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for onion powder, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for onion powder, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for onion powder (w/o transport) (6b96b91_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 3.7218 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "onion powder", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 342.0, "protein_g": 8.47, "fat_g": 1.045, "saturated_fat_g": 0.2, "carbohydrates_g": 78.63, "sugars_g": 2.36065, "fiber_g": 5.7, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.16129, "water_g": 5.39 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 165.0, 377.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.9, 10.41 ], "fat_g": [ 0.8, 3.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.13, 0.61 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 47.9, 82.1 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 6.63 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 15.2 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.08636, 0.2 ], "water_g": [ 4.8, 8.8 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "off:onion-powder", "matched_term_name": "onion powder", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 9, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "market for onion powder (w/o transport) (6b96b91_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 3.7218 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_2115f9005f5a2a44": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/4fa569d207644cf8b452d1693f106250_copy2_garlic", "name": "garlic powder production, hot-air drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_garlic_powder_drying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "garlic powder, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "garlic-powder" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301844" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_garlic_powder_drying_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram garlic powder production, hot-air drying built from 1 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram garlic powder production, hot-air drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Garlic Powder production (garlic, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.3865 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt dryer (fruit & vegetable, continuous single/partial-recirculation) (0.00000 kWh, 6.7401 MJ/kg powder). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt drying SEC 4.41 MJ/kg water (bracketed by the two verified De Marco et al. 2015 routes, drum 3.47 + spray 5.35; replaces the demoted artisanal Goncalves & Neto 2023 apple-snack proxy); moisture balance from USDA FDC raw garlic + ASTA 2015 powder 6 percent.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 6.740149, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 1.528378, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 346.0, "protein_g": 16.6, "fat_g": 0.7, "saturated_fat_g": 0.2, "carbohydrates_g": 63.7, "sugars_g": 2.4, "fiber_g": 9.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.2, "water_g": 10.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 346.0, 346.0 ], "protein_g": [ 16.6, 16.6 ], "fat_g": [ 0.7, 0.7 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.2, 0.2 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 63.7, 63.7 ], "sugars_g": [ 2.4, 2.4 ], "fiber_g": [ 9.0, 9.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.2, 0.2 ], "water_g": [ 10.0, 10.0 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Garlic powder", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.938, "embedding_distance": 0.062, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'garlic powder' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Garlic Powder production (garlic, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.3865 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt dryer (fruit & vegetable, continuous single/partial-recirculation) (0.00000 kWh, 6.7401 MJ/kg powder). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt drying SEC 4.41 MJ/kg water (bracketed by the two verified De Marco et al. 2015 routes, drum 3.47 + spray 5.35; replaces the demoted artisanal Goncalves & Neto 2023 apple-snack proxy); moisture balance from USDA FDC raw garlic + ASTA 2015 powder 6 percent." }, "repl_d744419a840afd9d": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/917947b7c3a34736b6f60bb2ed6be3dc", "name": "textured soy production, soy-protein-concentrate low-moisture extrusion + hot-air drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_textured_soy_protein_from_concentrate_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Textured soy, market w/o transport, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A03TF", "name": "Soyabean-based meat imitates" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0BE2", "name": "Soy protein concentrate" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ], "time": { "start": "2021", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_textured_soy_protein_from_concentrate_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "concentrate_fed_route_per_saerens_2021_table1", "spc_feed_from_tributary_composite_intra_db_link", "spc_feed_bongiovanni_gas_intensive_high_end_of_dataset_spread", "rer_processing_proxy", "cip_chemicals_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Inventory amounts come from open peer-reviewed literature (Saerens 2021, Bongiovanni 2026 CC BY 4.0) and BAFU OGD activities. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data was copied or used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram textured soy production, soy-protein-concentrate low-moisture extrusion + hot-air drying built from 1 energy / processing, 2 other input, 1 processing input; emissions: field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram textured soy production, soy-protein-concentrate low-moisture extrusion + hot-air drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Pattern A textured soy protein composite from Saerens et al. 2021 Table 3 TVP soy total row, concentrate-fed route. Saerens Table 1 states the TVP-soy substrate is soy protein concentrate (67% protein DM, Solae Europe SA CH), so the feed is the tributary's own SPC wet-fractionation composite (intra-database link), NOT a defatted-flour proxy. The at-plant inventory uses per kg useful product: 0.900000 kg soy protein concentrate, 0.256250 kWh RER electricity, 0.225000 kg process water, 17.275000 kg open-loop cooling water, and 0.076031 kg biowaste. Expected BAFU sanity GWP is 2.369093 kg CO2eq/kg, dominated by the SPC feed. Packaging, distribution, retail storage, and rehydration are outside this at-plant activity. No scalar, residual, or conversion factor was fitted to the Agribalyse or ecoinvent reference score. Market 'w/o transport' is cradle-to-gate and resolves to the same concentrate-fed composite as the upstream production (copy32).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.25625, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.225, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 17.275, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 17.275, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation (CH)", "amount": 0.076031, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Soy protein concentrate (RER composite), Saerens 2021 TVP-soy feed", "amount": 0.9, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.9 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.9 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Pattern A textured soy protein composite from Saerens et al. 2021 Table 3 TVP soy total row, concentrate-fed route. Saerens Table 1 states the TVP-soy substrate is soy protein concentrate (67% protein DM, Solae Europe SA CH), so the feed is the tributary's own SPC wet-fractionation composite (intra-database link), NOT a defatted-flour proxy. The at-plant inventory uses per kg useful product: 0.900000 kg soy protein concentrate, 0.256250 kWh RER electricity, 0.225000 kg process water, 17.275000 kg open-loop cooling water, and 0.076031 kg biowaste. Expected BAFU sanity GWP is 2.369093 kg CO2eq/kg, dominated by the SPC feed. Packaging, distribution, retail storage, and rehydration are outside this at-plant activity. No scalar, residual, or conversion factor was fitted to the Agribalyse or ecoinvent reference score. Market 'w/o transport' is cradle-to-gate and resolves to the same concentrate-fed composite as the upstream production (copy32)." }, "repl_15e699d1c420b6cb": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/d27758371f964c62acdac029b2680dca", "name": "beetroot juice concentrate production, hpx press extraction + htst pasteurisation + six effect evaporation concentration", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_beetroot_juice_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "beetroot juice concentrate, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "hestia", "id": "concentrateJrl807" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "b7664c9f-f77c-4d6a-91ca-816492a2854c" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_beetroot_juice_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "le_feon_2023", "text": "Le Feon et al. 2023 (organic juice line CIP)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram beetroot juice concentrate production, hpx press extraction + htst pasteurisation + six effect evaporation concentration built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram beetroot juice concentrate production, hpx press extraction + htst pasteurisation + six effect evaporation concentration", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Beetroot Juice production (d27758371f964c62acdac029b2680dca, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation → concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.4055 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Zimmer 2017 HPX direct juice (Bucher Unipektin) (0.03830 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.13512 kWh, 2.2815 MJ/kg juice). Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.03164 kWh, 3.4841 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Small-scale organic apple juice line CIP overhead (source: le_feon_2023, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 3.484125, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "apple concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.031635, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "apple concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.8375, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.8375, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.125, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "apple concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "beetroot juice, pasteurised", "amount": 8.125, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Beetroot Juice production (d27758371f964c62acdac029b2680dca, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation → concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.4055 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Zimmer 2017 HPX direct juice (Bucher Unipektin) (0.03830 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.13512 kWh, 2.2815 MJ/kg juice). Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.03164 kWh, 3.4841 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Small-scale organic apple juice line CIP overhead (source: le_feon_2023, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_d088a2e30c609450": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/faf9e5671aca4b22b3e5110ae3d31b6f", "name": "beetroot juice concentrate production, hpx press extraction + htst pasteurisation + six effect evaporation concentration", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_beetroot_juice_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "beetroot juice concentrate, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "hestia", "id": "concentrateJrl807" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "b7664c9f-f77c-4d6a-91ca-816492a2854c" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_beetroot_juice_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "le_feon_2023", "text": "Le Feon et al. 2023 (organic juice line CIP)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram beetroot juice concentrate production, hpx press extraction + htst pasteurisation + six effect evaporation concentration built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram beetroot juice concentrate production, hpx press extraction + htst pasteurisation + six effect evaporation concentration", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Beetroot Juice production (faf9e5671aca4b22b3e5110ae3d31b6f, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation → concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.4055 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Zimmer 2017 HPX direct juice (Bucher Unipektin) (0.03830 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.13512 kWh, 2.2815 MJ/kg juice). Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.03164 kWh, 3.4841 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Small-scale organic apple juice line CIP overhead (source: le_feon_2023, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 3.484125, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "apple concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.031635, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "apple concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.8375, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.8375, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.125, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "apple concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "beetroot juice, pasteurised", "amount": 8.125, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Beetroot Juice production (faf9e5671aca4b22b3e5110ae3d31b6f, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation → concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.4055 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Zimmer 2017 HPX direct juice (Bucher Unipektin) (0.03830 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.13512 kWh, 2.2815 MJ/kg juice). Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.03164 kWh, 3.4841 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Small-scale organic apple juice line CIP overhead (source: le_feon_2023, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_632bc154102b535b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/cb5b0e9bbfc44c00bf78d4b6dd64f467", "name": "fruit processing, drum drying service, per kg water evaporated", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_fruit_drum_drying_water_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "evaporated water, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "intent", "id": "evaporated water, RoW" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_fruit_drum_drying_water_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. OGD BAFU/UVEK data plus open literature; no proprietary flow data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram fruit processing, drum drying service, per kg water evaporated built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram fruit processing, drum drying service, per kg water evaporated", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) fruit processing, drum drying (RER): Pattern A composite LCI with natural-gas heat and RER electricity from the open BAFU OGD catalog. Reference product is 1 kg evaporated water, so the activity is modelled directly per kg water removed. Drying load: 1.0000 kg evaporated water per functional unit; technology = drum. Per functional unit: 4.8700 MJ natural gas + 0.0902 kWh electricity + 0.5000 kg make-up process water. BAFU emission factors: heat 0.0747 kg CO2eq/MJ (code 252893); electricity 0.31593 kg CO2eq/kWh (code 609058). Calculated processing GWP = 0.3923 kg CO2eq/unit. License: energy intensities from open literature (Baker & McKenzie 2005, Beccali 2009, De Marco 2015, IDF Bulletin 479); emission factors from the open BAFU OGD catalog. No restricted ecoinvent flow data used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.87, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0902, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.5, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "fruit processing, drum drying (RER): Pattern A composite LCI with natural-gas heat and RER electricity from the open BAFU OGD catalog. Reference product is 1 kg evaporated water, so the activity is modelled directly per kg water removed. Drying load: 1.0000 kg evaporated water per functional unit; technology = drum. Per functional unit: 4.8700 MJ natural gas + 0.0902 kWh electricity + 0.5000 kg make-up process water. BAFU emission factors: heat 0.0747 kg CO2eq/MJ (code 252893); electricity 0.31593 kg CO2eq/kWh (code 609058). Calculated processing GWP = 0.3923 kg CO2eq/unit. License: energy intensities from open literature (Baker & McKenzie 2005, Beccali 2009, De Marco 2015, IDF Bulletin 479); emission factors from the open BAFU OGD catalog. No restricted ecoinvent flow data used." }, "repl_3ea3d09022e300ba": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/cb5b0e9bbfc44c00bf78d4b6dd64f467_copy1", "name": "fruit processing, multistage drying service, per kg water evaporated", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_fruit_multistage_drying_water_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "evaporated water, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "intent", "id": "evaporated water, RoW" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_fruit_multistage_drying_water_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. OGD BAFU/UVEK data plus open literature; no proprietary flow data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.77, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram fruit processing, multistage drying service, per kg water evaporated built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram fruit processing, multistage drying service, per kg water evaporated", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) fruit processing, multistage drying (RER): Pattern A composite LCI with natural-gas heat and RER electricity from the open BAFU OGD catalog. Reference product is 1 kg evaporated water, so the activity is modelled directly per kg water removed. Drying load: 1.0000 kg evaporated water per functional unit; technology = multistage. Per functional unit: 1.8240 MJ natural gas + 0.0350 kWh electricity + 0.5000 kg make-up process water. BAFU emission factors: heat 0.0747 kg CO2eq/MJ (code 252893); electricity 0.31593 kg CO2eq/kWh (code 609058). Calculated processing GWP = 0.1473 kg CO2eq/unit. License: energy intensities from open literature (Baker & McKenzie 2005, Beccali 2009, De Marco 2015, IDF Bulletin 479); emission factors from the open BAFU OGD catalog. No restricted ecoinvent flow data used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.824, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.035, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.5, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "fruit processing, multistage drying (RER): Pattern A composite LCI with natural-gas heat and RER electricity from the open BAFU OGD catalog. Reference product is 1 kg evaporated water, so the activity is modelled directly per kg water removed. Drying load: 1.0000 kg evaporated water per functional unit; technology = multistage. Per functional unit: 1.8240 MJ natural gas + 0.0350 kWh electricity + 0.5000 kg make-up process water. BAFU emission factors: heat 0.0747 kg CO2eq/MJ (code 252893); electricity 0.31593 kg CO2eq/kWh (code 609058). Calculated processing GWP = 0.1473 kg CO2eq/unit. License: energy intensities from open literature (Baker & McKenzie 2005, Beccali 2009, De Marco 2015, IDF Bulletin 479); emission factors from the open BAFU OGD catalog. No restricted ecoinvent flow data used." }, "repl_7ea209ae4d34ddac": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/cb5b0e9bbfc44c00bf78d4b6dd64f467_copy2", "name": "fruit processing, drum drying and grinding service, per kg water evaporated", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_fruit_drum_drying_grinding_water_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "evaporated water, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "intent", "id": "evaporated water, RoW" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_fruit_drum_drying_grinding_water_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. OGD BAFU/UVEK data plus open literature; no proprietary flow data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.8, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram fruit processing, drum drying and grinding service, per kg water evaporated built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram fruit processing, drum drying and grinding service, per kg water evaporated", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) fruit processing, drum drying and grinding (RER): Pattern A composite LCI with natural-gas heat and RER electricity from the open BAFU OGD catalog. Reference product is 1 kg evaporated water, so the activity is modelled directly per kg water removed. Drying load: 1.0000 kg evaporated water per functional unit; technology = drum+grinding. Per functional unit: 4.8700 MJ natural gas + 0.1202 kWh electricity + 0.5000 kg make-up process water. BAFU emission factors: heat 0.0747 kg CO2eq/MJ (code 252893); electricity 0.31593 kg CO2eq/kWh (code 609058). Calculated processing GWP = 0.4018 kg CO2eq/unit. License: energy intensities from open literature (Baker & McKenzie 2005, Beccali 2009, De Marco 2015, IDF Bulletin 479); emission factors from the open BAFU OGD catalog. No restricted ecoinvent flow data used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.87, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.1202, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.5, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "fruit processing, drum drying and grinding (RER): Pattern A composite LCI with natural-gas heat and RER electricity from the open BAFU OGD catalog. Reference product is 1 kg evaporated water, so the activity is modelled directly per kg water removed. Drying load: 1.0000 kg evaporated water per functional unit; technology = drum+grinding. Per functional unit: 4.8700 MJ natural gas + 0.1202 kWh electricity + 0.5000 kg make-up process water. BAFU emission factors: heat 0.0747 kg CO2eq/MJ (code 252893); electricity 0.31593 kg CO2eq/kWh (code 609058). Calculated processing GWP = 0.4018 kg CO2eq/unit. License: energy intensities from open literature (Baker & McKenzie 2005, Beccali 2009, De Marco 2015, IDF Bulletin 479); emission factors from the open BAFU OGD catalog. No restricted ecoinvent flow data used." }, "repl_d9396c4ef30f07e8": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/cb5b0e9bbfc44c00bf78d4b6dd64f467_copy3", "name": "fruit processing, multistage drying and grinding service, per kg water evaporated", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_fruit_multistage_drying_grinding_water_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "evaporated water, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "intent", "id": "evaporated water, RoW" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_fruit_multistage_drying_grinding_water_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. OGD BAFU/UVEK data plus open literature; no proprietary flow data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.75, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram fruit processing, multistage drying and grinding service, per kg water evaporated built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram fruit processing, multistage drying and grinding service, per kg water evaporated", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) fruit processing, multistage drying and grinding (RER): Pattern A composite LCI with natural-gas heat and RER electricity from the open BAFU OGD catalog. Reference product is 1 kg evaporated water, so the activity is modelled directly per kg water removed. Drying load: 1.0000 kg evaporated water per functional unit; technology = multistage+grinding. Per functional unit: 1.8240 MJ natural gas + 0.0650 kWh electricity + 0.5000 kg make-up process water. BAFU emission factors: heat 0.0747 kg CO2eq/MJ (code 252893); electricity 0.31593 kg CO2eq/kWh (code 609058). Calculated processing GWP = 0.1568 kg CO2eq/unit. License: energy intensities from open literature (Baker & McKenzie 2005, Beccali 2009, De Marco 2015, IDF Bulletin 479); emission factors from the open BAFU OGD catalog. No restricted ecoinvent flow data used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.824, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.065, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.5, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "fruit processing, multistage drying and grinding (RER): Pattern A composite LCI with natural-gas heat and RER electricity from the open BAFU OGD catalog. Reference product is 1 kg evaporated water, so the activity is modelled directly per kg water removed. Drying load: 1.0000 kg evaporated water per functional unit; technology = multistage+grinding. Per functional unit: 1.8240 MJ natural gas + 0.0650 kWh electricity + 0.5000 kg make-up process water. BAFU emission factors: heat 0.0747 kg CO2eq/MJ (code 252893); electricity 0.31593 kg CO2eq/kWh (code 609058). Calculated processing GWP = 0.1568 kg CO2eq/unit. License: energy intensities from open literature (Baker & McKenzie 2005, Beccali 2009, De Marco 2015, IDF Bulletin 479); emission factors from the open BAFU OGD catalog. No restricted ecoinvent flow data used." }, "repl_b7333dd49e2a9ae0": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/cb5b0e9bbfc44c00bf78d4b6dd64f467_copy4", "name": "fruit processing, drum drying service, per kg water evaporated", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_fruit_drum_drying_water_RoW" }, "sediment": { "intent": "evaporated water, RoW", "terms": [ { "ns": "intent", "id": "evaporated water, RoW" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RoW", "name": "Rest of World" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_fruit_drum_drying_water_RoW" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. OGD BAFU/UVEK data plus open literature; no proprietary flow data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.81, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram fruit processing, drum drying service, per kg water evaporated built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram fruit processing, drum drying service, per kg water evaporated", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) fruit processing, drum drying (RoW): Pattern A composite LCI with natural-gas heat and RER electricity from the open BAFU OGD catalog. Reference product is 1 kg evaporated water, so the activity is modelled directly per kg water removed. Drying load: 1.0000 kg evaporated water per functional unit; technology = drum. Per functional unit: 4.8700 MJ natural gas + 0.0902 kWh electricity + 0.5000 kg make-up process water. BAFU emission factors: heat 0.0747 kg CO2eq/MJ (code 252893); electricity 0.31593 kg CO2eq/kWh (code 609058). Calculated processing GWP = 0.3923 kg CO2eq/unit. License: energy intensities from open literature (Baker & McKenzie 2005, Beccali 2009, De Marco 2015, IDF Bulletin 479); emission factors from the open BAFU OGD catalog. No restricted ecoinvent flow data used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.87, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0902, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.5, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "fruit processing, drum drying (RoW): Pattern A composite LCI with natural-gas heat and RER electricity from the open BAFU OGD catalog. Reference product is 1 kg evaporated water, so the activity is modelled directly per kg water removed. Drying load: 1.0000 kg evaporated water per functional unit; technology = drum. Per functional unit: 4.8700 MJ natural gas + 0.0902 kWh electricity + 0.5000 kg make-up process water. BAFU emission factors: heat 0.0747 kg CO2eq/MJ (code 252893); electricity 0.31593 kg CO2eq/kWh (code 609058). Calculated processing GWP = 0.3923 kg CO2eq/unit. License: energy intensities from open literature (Baker & McKenzie 2005, Beccali 2009, De Marco 2015, IDF Bulletin 479); emission factors from the open BAFU OGD catalog. No restricted ecoinvent flow data used." }, "repl_69502fd6ec864c4e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/cb5b0e9bbfc44c00bf78d4b6dd64f467_copy5", "name": "fruit processing, drum drying service, per kg water evaporated", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_fruit_drum_drying_water_BR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "evaporated water, BR", "terms": [ { "ns": "intent", "id": "evaporated water, RoW" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "BR", "name": "Brazil" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_fruit_drum_drying_water_BR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. OGD BAFU/UVEK data plus open literature; no proprietary flow data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.84, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram fruit processing, drum drying service, per kg water evaporated built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram fruit processing, drum drying service, per kg water evaporated", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) fruit processing, drum drying (BR): Pattern A composite LCI with natural-gas heat and RER electricity from the open BAFU OGD catalog. Reference product is 1 kg evaporated water, so the activity is modelled directly per kg water removed. Drying load: 1.0000 kg evaporated water per functional unit; technology = drum. Per functional unit: 4.8700 MJ natural gas + 0.0902 kWh electricity + 0.5000 kg make-up process water. BAFU emission factors: heat 0.0747 kg CO2eq/MJ (code 252893); electricity 0.31593 kg CO2eq/kWh (code 609058). Calculated processing GWP = 0.3923 kg CO2eq/unit. License: energy intensities from open literature (Baker & McKenzie 2005, Beccali 2009, De Marco 2015, IDF Bulletin 479); emission factors from the open BAFU OGD catalog. No restricted ecoinvent flow data used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.87, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (BR)", "amount": 0.0902, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.5, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "fruit processing, drum drying (BR): Pattern A composite LCI with natural-gas heat and RER electricity from the open BAFU OGD catalog. Reference product is 1 kg evaporated water, so the activity is modelled directly per kg water removed. Drying load: 1.0000 kg evaporated water per functional unit; technology = drum. Per functional unit: 4.8700 MJ natural gas + 0.0902 kWh electricity + 0.5000 kg make-up process water. BAFU emission factors: heat 0.0747 kg CO2eq/MJ (code 252893); electricity 0.31593 kg CO2eq/kWh (code 609058). Calculated processing GWP = 0.3923 kg CO2eq/unit. License: energy intensities from open literature (Baker & McKenzie 2005, Beccali 2009, De Marco 2015, IDF Bulletin 479); emission factors from the open BAFU OGD catalog. No restricted ecoinvent flow data used." }, "repl_d6d3a25a2ed9cc75": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/cb5b0e9bbfc44c00bf78d4b6dd64f467_copy6", "name": "fruit processing, multistage drying service, per kg water evaporated", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_fruit_multistage_drying_water_BR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "evaporated water, BR", "terms": [ { "ns": "intent", "id": "evaporated water, RoW" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "BR", "name": "Brazil" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_fruit_multistage_drying_water_BR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. OGD BAFU/UVEK data plus open literature; no proprietary flow data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram fruit processing, multistage drying service, per kg water evaporated built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram fruit processing, multistage drying service, per kg water evaporated", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) fruit processing, multistage drying (BR): Pattern A composite LCI with natural-gas heat and RER electricity from the open BAFU OGD catalog. Reference product is 1 kg evaporated water, so the activity is modelled directly per kg water removed. Drying load: 1.0000 kg evaporated water per functional unit; technology = multistage. Per functional unit: 1.8240 MJ natural gas + 0.0350 kWh electricity + 0.5000 kg make-up process water. BAFU emission factors: heat 0.0747 kg CO2eq/MJ (code 252893); electricity 0.31593 kg CO2eq/kWh (code 609058). Calculated processing GWP = 0.1473 kg CO2eq/unit. License: energy intensities from open literature (Baker & McKenzie 2005, Beccali 2009, De Marco 2015, IDF Bulletin 479); emission factors from the open BAFU OGD catalog. No restricted ecoinvent flow data used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.824, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (BR)", "amount": 0.035, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.5, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "fruit processing, multistage drying (BR): Pattern A composite LCI with natural-gas heat and RER electricity from the open BAFU OGD catalog. Reference product is 1 kg evaporated water, so the activity is modelled directly per kg water removed. Drying load: 1.0000 kg evaporated water per functional unit; technology = multistage. Per functional unit: 1.8240 MJ natural gas + 0.0350 kWh electricity + 0.5000 kg make-up process water. BAFU emission factors: heat 0.0747 kg CO2eq/MJ (code 252893); electricity 0.31593 kg CO2eq/kWh (code 609058). Calculated processing GWP = 0.1473 kg CO2eq/unit. License: energy intensities from open literature (Baker & McKenzie 2005, Beccali 2009, De Marco 2015, IDF Bulletin 479); emission factors from the open BAFU OGD catalog. No restricted ecoinvent flow data used." }, "repl_29210271676003d2": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/cb5b0e9bbfc44c00bf78d4b6dd64f467_copy7", "name": "fruit processing, multistage drying service, per kg water evaporated", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_fruit_multistage_drying_water_RoW" }, "sediment": { "intent": "evaporated water, RoW", "terms": [ { "ns": "intent", "id": "evaporated water, RoW" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RoW", "name": "Rest of World" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_fruit_multistage_drying_water_RoW" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. OGD BAFU/UVEK data plus open literature; no proprietary flow data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram fruit processing, multistage drying service, per kg water evaporated built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram fruit processing, multistage drying service, per kg water evaporated", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) fruit processing, multistage drying (RoW): Pattern A composite LCI with natural-gas heat and RER electricity from the open BAFU OGD catalog. Reference product is 1 kg evaporated water, so the activity is modelled directly per kg water removed. Drying load: 1.0000 kg evaporated water per functional unit; technology = multistage. Per functional unit: 1.8240 MJ natural gas + 0.0350 kWh electricity + 0.5000 kg make-up process water. BAFU emission factors: heat 0.0747 kg CO2eq/MJ (code 252893); electricity 0.31593 kg CO2eq/kWh (code 609058). Calculated processing GWP = 0.1473 kg CO2eq/unit. License: energy intensities from open literature (Baker & McKenzie 2005, Beccali 2009, De Marco 2015, IDF Bulletin 479); emission factors from the open BAFU OGD catalog. No restricted ecoinvent flow data used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.824, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.035, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.5, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "fruit processing, multistage drying (RoW): Pattern A composite LCI with natural-gas heat and RER electricity from the open BAFU OGD catalog. Reference product is 1 kg evaporated water, so the activity is modelled directly per kg water removed. Drying load: 1.0000 kg evaporated water per functional unit; technology = multistage. Per functional unit: 1.8240 MJ natural gas + 0.0350 kWh electricity + 0.5000 kg make-up process water. BAFU emission factors: heat 0.0747 kg CO2eq/MJ (code 252893); electricity 0.31593 kg CO2eq/kWh (code 609058). Calculated processing GWP = 0.1473 kg CO2eq/unit. License: energy intensities from open literature (Baker & McKenzie 2005, Beccali 2009, De Marco 2015, IDF Bulletin 479); emission factors from the open BAFU OGD catalog. No restricted ecoinvent flow data used." }, "repl_3e090d943f64fcc0": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/0e88dd3f4c86472c86e047b75cc955c0", "name": "generic fruit powder production, drum drying, RER", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_generic_fruit_drum_powder_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Fruit, dried (drum-dried, ground), RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "langual", "id": "C0167" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00BA" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540265", "name": "02650 - fruit cake (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_generic_fruit_drum_powder_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.55, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram generic fruit powder production, drum drying, RER built from 1 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram generic fruit powder production, drum drying, RER", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Generic Fruit Drum Powder production (0e88dd3f4c86472c86e047b75cc955c0, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 1.7207 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Italian apple drum dryer (De Marco et al. 2015) (0.00000 kWh, 30.5218 MJ/kg drum_powder). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Same drum-drying parametric basis; grinding step retained at the activity name level. Grinding energy is an order of magnitude smaller than drum drying and is currently bundled into the drum stage; a dedicated grinding stage will replace this when the milling generator covers powder-grade fineness..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 30.521837, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 8.795918, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 302.68, "protein_g": 3.47, "fat_g": 9.1, "saturated_fat_g": 0.155, "carbohydrates_g": 49.4, "sugars_g": 21.6, "fiber_g": 2.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.27675, "water_g": 26.95 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 62.0, 434.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 8.4 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 25.6 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 6.48 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 4.51, 75.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 75.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 8.2 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.9779000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 5.66, 82.2 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00BA", "matched_term_name": "Fruit cake", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 27, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Generic Fruit Drum Powder production (0e88dd3f4c86472c86e047b75cc955c0, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 1.7207 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Italian apple drum dryer (De Marco et al. 2015) (0.00000 kWh, 30.5218 MJ/kg drum_powder). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Same drum-drying parametric basis; grinding step retained at the activity name level. Grinding energy is an order of magnitude smaller than drum drying and is currently bundled into the drum stage; a dedicated grinding stage will replace this when the milling generator covers powder-grade fineness.." }, "repl_3b45d21e16682839": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/0e88dd3f4c86472c86e047b75cc955c0_copy1", "name": "generic fruit powder production, drum drying, GLO", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_generic_fruit_drum_powder_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Fruit, dried (drum-dried, ground), RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "langual", "id": "C0167" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00BA" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540265", "name": "02650 - fruit cake (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_generic_fruit_drum_powder_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.55, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram generic fruit powder production, drum drying, GLO built from 1 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram generic fruit powder production, drum drying, GLO", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Generic Fruit Drum Powder production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 1.7207 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Italian apple drum dryer (De Marco et al. 2015) (0.00000 kWh, 30.5218 MJ/kg drum_powder). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Same parametric basis as the RER drum-drying-and-grinding variant; GLO geography proxy retained for legacy compatibility..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 30.521837, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 8.795918, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 302.68, "protein_g": 3.47, "fat_g": 9.1, "saturated_fat_g": 0.155, "carbohydrates_g": 49.4, "sugars_g": 21.6, "fiber_g": 2.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.27675, "water_g": 26.95 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 62.0, 434.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 8.4 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 25.6 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 6.48 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 4.51, 75.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 75.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 8.2 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.9779000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 5.66, 82.2 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00BA", "matched_term_name": "Fruit cake", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 27, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Generic Fruit Drum Powder production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 1.7207 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Italian apple drum dryer (De Marco et al. 2015) (0.00000 kWh, 30.5218 MJ/kg drum_powder). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Same parametric basis as the RER drum-drying-and-grinding variant; GLO geography proxy retained for legacy compatibility.." }, "repl_de5000213235a8ea": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/0e88dd3f4c86472c86e047b75cc955c0_copy2", "name": "generic fruit powder production, drum drying, RER", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_generic_fruit_drum_powder_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Fruit, dried (drum-dried powder), RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "langual", "id": "C0167" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00BA" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540265", "name": "02650 - fruit cake (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_generic_fruit_drum_powder_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.55, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram generic fruit powder production, drum drying, RER built from 1 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram generic fruit powder production, drum drying, RER", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Generic Fruit Drum Powder production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 1.7207 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Italian apple drum dryer (De Marco et al. 2015) (0.00000 kWh, 30.5218 MJ/kg drum_powder). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: De Marco et al. 2015 drum drying SEC (DD route, 3.47 MJ/kg water); moisture balance via generic_fruit substrate (moisture_fresh 0.902 derived from legacy 8.7489 kg water/kg product ratio, moisture_dried 0.04 commercial fruit-powder spec)..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 30.521837, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 8.795918, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 302.68, "protein_g": 3.47, "fat_g": 9.1, "saturated_fat_g": 0.155, "carbohydrates_g": 49.4, "sugars_g": 21.6, "fiber_g": 2.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.27675, "water_g": 26.95 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 62.0, 434.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 8.4 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 25.6 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 6.48 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 4.51, 75.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 75.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 8.2 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.9779000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 5.66, 82.2 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00BA", "matched_term_name": "Fruit cake", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 27, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Generic Fruit Drum Powder production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 1.7207 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Italian apple drum dryer (De Marco et al. 2015) (0.00000 kWh, 30.5218 MJ/kg drum_powder). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: De Marco et al. 2015 drum drying SEC (DD route, 3.47 MJ/kg water); moisture balance via generic_fruit substrate (moisture_fresh 0.902 derived from legacy 8.7489 kg water/kg product ratio, moisture_dried 0.04 commercial fruit-powder spec).." }, "repl_82ee9aa17fbd2cbe": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/0e88dd3f4c86472c86e047b75cc955c0_copy3", "name": "generic fruit powder production, drum drying, RoW", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_generic_fruit_drum_powder_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Fruit, dried (drum-dried powder), RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "langual", "id": "C0167" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00BA" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540265", "name": "02650 - fruit cake (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_generic_fruit_drum_powder_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.55, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram generic fruit powder production, drum drying, RoW built from 1 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram generic fruit powder production, drum drying, RoW", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Generic Fruit Drum Powder production (copy3, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 1.7207 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Italian apple drum dryer (De Marco et al. 2015) (0.00000 kWh, 30.5218 MJ/kg drum_powder). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Same parametric basis as the RER drum-drying variant; RoW geography proxy retained for legacy compatibility..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 30.521837, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 8.795918, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 302.68, "protein_g": 3.47, "fat_g": 9.1, "saturated_fat_g": 0.155, "carbohydrates_g": 49.4, "sugars_g": 21.6, "fiber_g": 2.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.27675, "water_g": 26.95 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 62.0, 434.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 8.4 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 25.6 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 6.48 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 4.51, 75.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 75.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 8.2 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.9779000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 5.66, 82.2 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00BA", "matched_term_name": "Fruit cake", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 27, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Generic Fruit Drum Powder production (copy3, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 1.7207 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Italian apple drum dryer (De Marco et al. 2015) (0.00000 kWh, 30.5218 MJ/kg drum_powder). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Same parametric basis as the RER drum-drying variant; RoW geography proxy retained for legacy compatibility.." }, "repl_f6c227e37b1275af": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/0e88dd3f4c86472c86e047b75cc955c0_copy4", "name": "generic fruit powder production, drum drying, BR", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_generic_fruit_drum_powder_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Fruit, dried (drum-dried powder), RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "langual", "id": "C0167" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00BA" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540265", "name": "02650 - fruit cake (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_generic_fruit_drum_powder_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.55, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram generic fruit powder production, drum drying, BR built from 1 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram generic fruit powder production, drum drying, BR", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Generic Fruit Drum Powder production (copy4, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 1.7207 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Italian apple drum dryer (De Marco et al. 2015) (0.00000 kWh, 30.5218 MJ/kg drum_powder). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Same parametric basis as the RER drum-drying variant; BR geography proxy retained for legacy compatibility..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 30.521837, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 8.795918, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 302.68, "protein_g": 3.47, "fat_g": 9.1, "saturated_fat_g": 0.155, "carbohydrates_g": 49.4, "sugars_g": 21.6, "fiber_g": 2.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.27675, "water_g": 26.95 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 62.0, 434.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 8.4 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 25.6 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 6.48 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 4.51, 75.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 75.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 8.2 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.9779000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 5.66, 82.2 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00BA", "matched_term_name": "Fruit cake", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 27, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Generic Fruit Drum Powder production (copy4, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 1.7207 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Italian apple drum dryer (De Marco et al. 2015) (0.00000 kWh, 30.5218 MJ/kg drum_powder). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Same parametric basis as the RER drum-drying variant; BR geography proxy retained for legacy compatibility.." }, "repl_ba57b1449d0b487d": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/45496957fb1a475eaf85bc7fa12eae8d", "name": "generic fruit powder production, six effect evaporation concentration + spray drying, RER", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_generic_fruit_multistage_powder_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Fruit, dried (multistage, ground), RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "langual", "id": "C0167" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00BA" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540265", "name": "02650 - fruit cake (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_generic_fruit_multistage_powder_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.55, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram generic fruit powder production, six effect evaporation concentration + spray drying, RER built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram generic fruit powder production, six effect evaporation concentration + spray drying, RER", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Generic Fruit Multistage Powder production (45496957fb1a475eaf85bc7fa12eae8d, RER): chained cascade (concentration → drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.5123 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.03497 kWh, 3.8513 MJ/kg multistage_powder). Drying: Italian apple multistage spray dryer (De Marco et al. 2015, MD route) (0.00089 kWh, 4.9220 MJ/kg multistage_powder). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Same parametric basis as the RER multistage variant; grinding step at the activity name level (grinding energy bundled into the spray stage pending a dedicated grinding stage)..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.922, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.000885, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.92, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "generic_fruit multistage_powder, concentrated", "amount": 1.92, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 302.68, "protein_g": 3.47, "fat_g": 9.1, "saturated_fat_g": 0.155, "carbohydrates_g": 49.4, "sugars_g": 21.6, "fiber_g": 2.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.27675, "water_g": 26.95 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 62.0, 434.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 8.4 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 25.6 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 6.48 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 4.51, 75.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 75.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 8.2 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.9779000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 5.66, 82.2 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00BA", "matched_term_name": "Fruit cake", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 27, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Generic Fruit Multistage Powder production (45496957fb1a475eaf85bc7fa12eae8d, RER): chained cascade (concentration → drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.5123 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.03497 kWh, 3.8513 MJ/kg multistage_powder). Drying: Italian apple multistage spray dryer (De Marco et al. 2015, MD route) (0.00089 kWh, 4.9220 MJ/kg multistage_powder). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Same parametric basis as the RER multistage variant; grinding step at the activity name level (grinding energy bundled into the spray stage pending a dedicated grinding stage).." }, "repl_e33966357afe3121": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/45496957fb1a475eaf85bc7fa12eae8d_copy1", "name": "generic fruit powder production, six effect evaporation concentration + spray drying, GLO", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_generic_fruit_multistage_powder_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Fruit, dried (multistage, ground), RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "langual", "id": "C0167" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00BA" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540265", "name": "02650 - fruit cake (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_generic_fruit_multistage_powder_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.55, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram generic fruit powder production, six effect evaporation concentration + spray drying, GLO built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram generic fruit powder production, six effect evaporation concentration + spray drying, GLO", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Generic Fruit Multistage Powder production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (concentration → drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.5123 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.03497 kWh, 3.8513 MJ/kg multistage_powder). Drying: Italian apple multistage spray dryer (De Marco et al. 2015, MD route) (0.00089 kWh, 4.9220 MJ/kg multistage_powder). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Same parametric basis as the RER multistage-and-grinding variant; GLO geography proxy retained for legacy compatibility..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.922, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.000885, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.92, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "generic_fruit multistage_powder, concentrated", "amount": 1.92, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 302.68, "protein_g": 3.47, "fat_g": 9.1, "saturated_fat_g": 0.155, "carbohydrates_g": 49.4, "sugars_g": 21.6, "fiber_g": 2.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.27675, "water_g": 26.95 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 62.0, 434.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 8.4 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 25.6 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 6.48 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 4.51, 75.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 75.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 8.2 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.9779000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 5.66, 82.2 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00BA", "matched_term_name": "Fruit cake", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 27, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Generic Fruit Multistage Powder production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (concentration → drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.5123 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.03497 kWh, 3.8513 MJ/kg multistage_powder). Drying: Italian apple multistage spray dryer (De Marco et al. 2015, MD route) (0.00089 kWh, 4.9220 MJ/kg multistage_powder). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Same parametric basis as the RER multistage-and-grinding variant; GLO geography proxy retained for legacy compatibility.." }, "repl_e1967311255225d4": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/45496957fb1a475eaf85bc7fa12eae8d_copy2", "name": "generic fruit powder production, six effect evaporation concentration + spray drying, RER", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_generic_fruit_multistage_powder_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Fruit, dried (multistage powder), RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "langual", "id": "C0167" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00BA" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540265", "name": "02650 - fruit cake (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_generic_fruit_multistage_powder_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.55, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram generic fruit powder production, six effect evaporation concentration + spray drying, RER built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram generic fruit powder production, six effect evaporation concentration + spray drying, RER", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Generic Fruit Multistage Powder production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (concentration → drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.5123 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.03497 kWh, 3.8513 MJ/kg multistage_powder). Drying: Italian apple multistage spray dryer (De Marco et al. 2015, MD route) (0.00089 kWh, 4.9220 MJ/kg multistage_powder). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Two-stage chain (concentration + drying:spray); approximates the legacy De Marco 2015 IJLCA multistage line (UF + cryoconcentration + spray) via the thermal-evaporator + spray-dryer cascade pattern. Concentrate moisture 50 percent (industrial spray-dryer feed standard); substrate moisture balance per generic_fruit substrate..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.922, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.000885, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.92, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "generic_fruit multistage_powder, concentrated", "amount": 1.92, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 302.68, "protein_g": 3.47, "fat_g": 9.1, "saturated_fat_g": 0.155, "carbohydrates_g": 49.4, "sugars_g": 21.6, "fiber_g": 2.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.27675, "water_g": 26.95 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 62.0, 434.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 8.4 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 25.6 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 6.48 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 4.51, 75.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 75.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 8.2 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.9779000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 5.66, 82.2 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00BA", "matched_term_name": "Fruit cake", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 27, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Generic Fruit Multistage Powder production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (concentration → drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.5123 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.03497 kWh, 3.8513 MJ/kg multistage_powder). Drying: Italian apple multistage spray dryer (De Marco et al. 2015, MD route) (0.00089 kWh, 4.9220 MJ/kg multistage_powder). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Two-stage chain (concentration + drying:spray); approximates the legacy De Marco 2015 IJLCA multistage line (UF + cryoconcentration + spray) via the thermal-evaporator + spray-dryer cascade pattern. Concentrate moisture 50 percent (industrial spray-dryer feed standard); substrate moisture balance per generic_fruit substrate.." }, "repl_a2ab6d2c01483852": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/45496957fb1a475eaf85bc7fa12eae8d_copy3", "name": "generic fruit powder production, six effect evaporation concentration + spray drying, RoW", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_generic_fruit_multistage_powder_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Fruit, dried (multistage powder), RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "langual", "id": "C0167" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00BA" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540265", "name": "02650 - fruit cake (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_generic_fruit_multistage_powder_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.55, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram generic fruit powder production, six effect evaporation concentration + spray drying, RoW built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram generic fruit powder production, six effect evaporation concentration + spray drying, RoW", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Generic Fruit Multistage Powder production (copy3, RER): chained cascade (concentration → drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.5123 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.03497 kWh, 3.8513 MJ/kg multistage_powder). Drying: Italian apple multistage spray dryer (De Marco et al. 2015, MD route) (0.00089 kWh, 4.9220 MJ/kg multistage_powder). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Same parametric basis as the RER multistage variant; RoW geography proxy retained for legacy compatibility..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.922, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.000885, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.92, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "generic_fruit multistage_powder, concentrated", "amount": 1.92, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 302.68, "protein_g": 3.47, "fat_g": 9.1, "saturated_fat_g": 0.155, "carbohydrates_g": 49.4, "sugars_g": 21.6, "fiber_g": 2.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.27675, "water_g": 26.95 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 62.0, 434.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 8.4 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 25.6 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 6.48 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 4.51, 75.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 75.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 8.2 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.9779000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 5.66, 82.2 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00BA", "matched_term_name": "Fruit cake", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 27, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Generic Fruit Multistage Powder production (copy3, RER): chained cascade (concentration → drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.5123 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.03497 kWh, 3.8513 MJ/kg multistage_powder). Drying: Italian apple multistage spray dryer (De Marco et al. 2015, MD route) (0.00089 kWh, 4.9220 MJ/kg multistage_powder). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Same parametric basis as the RER multistage variant; RoW geography proxy retained for legacy compatibility.." }, "repl_89cf26770120c6ae": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/45496957fb1a475eaf85bc7fa12eae8d_copy4", "name": "generic fruit powder production, six effect evaporation concentration + spray drying, BR", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_generic_fruit_multistage_powder_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Fruit, dried (multistage powder), RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "langual", "id": "C0167" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00BA" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540265", "name": "02650 - fruit cake (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_generic_fruit_multistage_powder_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.55, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram generic fruit powder production, six effect evaporation concentration + spray drying, BR built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram generic fruit powder production, six effect evaporation concentration + spray drying, BR", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Generic Fruit Multistage Powder production (copy4, RER): chained cascade (concentration → drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.5123 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.03497 kWh, 3.8513 MJ/kg multistage_powder). Drying: Italian apple multistage spray dryer (De Marco et al. 2015, MD route) (0.00089 kWh, 4.9220 MJ/kg multistage_powder). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Same parametric basis as the RER multistage variant; BR geography proxy retained for legacy compatibility..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.922, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.000885, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.92, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "generic_fruit multistage_powder, concentrated", "amount": 1.92, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 302.68, "protein_g": 3.47, "fat_g": 9.1, "saturated_fat_g": 0.155, "carbohydrates_g": 49.4, "sugars_g": 21.6, "fiber_g": 2.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.27675, "water_g": 26.95 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 62.0, 434.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 8.4 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 25.6 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 6.48 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 4.51, 75.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 75.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 8.2 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.9779000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 5.66, 82.2 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00BA", "matched_term_name": "Fruit cake", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 27, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Generic Fruit Multistage Powder production (copy4, RER): chained cascade (concentration → drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.5123 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.03497 kWh, 3.8513 MJ/kg multistage_powder). Drying: Italian apple multistage spray dryer (De Marco et al. 2015, MD route) (0.00089 kWh, 4.9220 MJ/kg multistage_powder). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Same parametric basis as the RER multistage variant; BR geography proxy retained for legacy compatibility.." }, "repl_276c8afaa85cdc00": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/5a1a80078b52d95bbfae97c8e6093988_copy1", "name": "maize flour, organic, dry roller milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_maize_flour_organic_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "maize flour, organic, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A002Q" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25472" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "5e5e458a-c9d5-4bce-80d2-3633fb8fd0c7" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540073", "name": "00730 - maize flour (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_maize_flour_organic_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram maize flour, organic, dry roller milling built from 2 energy / processing, 3 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram maize flour, organic, dry roller milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Maize Polenta production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.6513 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.6205 upstream maize). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg polenta). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; dry_milling.polenta extraction=0.75.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0901, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0231, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "uk_flour_millers_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Grain maize organic, at feed mill (BAFU 182869, CH)", "amount": 1.333333, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.7500, economic)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.7500, economic)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 356.0, "protein_g": 6.85, "fat_g": 2.82, "saturated_fat_g": 0.10500000000000001, "carbohydrates_g": 74.9, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 3.1500000000000004, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.005085, "water_g": 11.55 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 260.9, 377.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.35, 9.6 ], "fat_g": [ 0.3, 4.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.543 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 28.5, 92.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 1.5 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 9.42 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.04064 ], "water_g": [ 9.5, 26.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A002Q", "matched_term_name": "Maize flour", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 24, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Maize Polenta production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.6513 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.6205 upstream maize). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg polenta). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; dry_milling.polenta extraction=0.75." }, "repl_1c235317ea676d5c": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/5a1a80078b52d95bbfae97c8e6093988_copy2", "name": "maize grain processing, dry milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_maize_flour_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "maize flour, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A002Q" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25472" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "5e5e458a-c9d5-4bce-80d2-3633fb8fd0c7" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540073", "name": "00730 - maize flour (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_maize_flour_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All inventory values trace either to open BAFU OGD activities or to the open EDB_BAFU process record. No proprietary ecoinvent flow data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram maize grain processing, dry milling built from 5 other input, 1 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram maize grain processing, dry milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Conventional maize grain dry milling (RER): Pattern A composite LCI plus substitute_edb_self. The open EDB_BAFU process structure provides per-kg-flour process loads (1.302 kg maize grain, 0.06842 kWh low-voltage electricity, 0.02534 kg tap water, -0.00001723 m3 wastewater, trace building and machine inputs), and the food_processing_lci activity already carries those open BAFU technosphere proxies. This manual override is required because copy2 is the production activity itself: without substitute_edb_self, the remapper keeps the stale EDB foreground and only remaps child exchanges, which leaves validation at 0.4410 kg CO2eq/kg instead of the intended 0.5823 kg CO2eq/kg composite. The non-portable EDB maize-grain market input is replaced by open BAFU 611004 (Corn, at farm, US), the closest available conventional maize proxy. EI reference remains 0.5518 kg CO2eq/kg (+5.5% residual after self-substitution). BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Corn, at farm", "amount": 1.302, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, low voltage, at grid", "amount": 0.068423, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, water balance according to MoeK 2013, at user", "amount": 0.025335, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, unpolluted, from residence, to wastewater treatment, class 2", "amount": -1.7e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey", "amount": 1e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 356.0, "protein_g": 6.85, "fat_g": 2.82, "saturated_fat_g": 0.10500000000000001, "carbohydrates_g": 74.9, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 3.1500000000000004, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.005085, "water_g": 11.55 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 260.9, 377.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.35, 9.6 ], "fat_g": [ 0.3, 4.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.543 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 28.5, 92.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 1.5 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 9.42 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.04064 ], "water_g": [ 9.5, 26.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A002Q", "matched_term_name": "Maize flour", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 24, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Conventional maize grain dry milling (RER): Pattern A composite LCI plus substitute_edb_self. The open EDB_BAFU process structure provides per-kg-flour process loads (1.302 kg maize grain, 0.06842 kWh low-voltage electricity, 0.02534 kg tap water, -0.00001723 m3 wastewater, trace building and machine inputs), and the food_processing_lci activity already carries those open BAFU technosphere proxies. This manual override is required because copy2 is the production activity itself: without substitute_edb_self, the remapper keeps the stale EDB foreground and only remaps child exchanges, which leaves validation at 0.4410 kg CO2eq/kg instead of the intended 0.5823 kg CO2eq/kg composite. The non-portable EDB maize-grain market input is replaced by open BAFU 611004 (Corn, at farm, US), the closest available conventional maize proxy. EI reference remains 0.5518 kg CO2eq/kg (+5.5% residual after self-substitution). BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." }, "repl_8f3e6bf9f527b0ed": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/ee0b7088a6f0b0a6e7a8c1b7e949efc6_copy1", "name": "Grain maize organic, at farm", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "497946" }, "sediment": { "intent": "maize starch, organic, DE", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A002R" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "c4ed73ce-ed64-4823-96d9-5661c11c6941" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "DE", "name": "Germany" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03544163", "name": "41630 - maize starch (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "anchor_plus_correction", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "497946" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": null, "note": "Closure reaches only open leaves, but method.kind='anchor_plus_correction' is not a canonical ecoinvent-free kind; no blanket ecoinvent-free assertion is made. All inventory data from BAFU OGD (Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025) and open public sources. No flow-level data copied from ecoinvent proprietary database.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Grain maize organic, at farm built from 2 other input, 2 transport, 6 field operations, 2 energy / processing, 2 seed; emissions: field emission (carbon), field emission (heavy metal), field emission (nutrient), field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Grain maize organic, at farm", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Organic maize starch production (wet milling, DE): anchor + processing-energy correction pattern. BAFU anchor: code 497946 (Grain maize organic, at farm, CH) GWP=0.4148 kg CO2eq/kg x 1.261 kg grain per kg starch (BAFU 289738 specification). Processing energy corrections: electricity DE grid 0.25444 kWh x 0.42462 = 0.108 kg CO2; heat NG 1MW 3.988 MJ x 0.08021 = 0.3199 kg CO2. Total GWP = 0.5231 + 0.4279 = 0.951 kg CO2eq/kg starch. EI reference: 0.9663 kg CO2eq/kg (delta = -1.6%). Previous corrupt BAFU GWP: 0.6139 (-36.5%). Root cause: EDB_BAFU database has quadruplicated exchange sets from multiple DB versions; circular self-reference in 'market for maize grain, organic' resolves to only ~1/3 expected GWP after stale-DB filtering. Fix: reconstruct from BAFU 289738 inputs with organic grain substitution. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Ammonia", "amount": 0.0045364, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Cadmium", "amount": 2.6373e-09, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Copper", "amount": 4.5551e-07, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. 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Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Zinc", "amount": 6.8978e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. 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(2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Mercury", "amount": 1.3847e-09, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Cadmium", "amount": 9.6356e-08, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. 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Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Zinc", "amount": 3.7579e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 0.014098, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, annual crop, organic", "amount": 0.64295, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from arable, organic", "amount": 1.2859, "unit": "square meter", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, 3.5t gross weight, fleet average", "amount": 4.8222e-05, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Zinc", "amount": 8.5331e-07, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Solid manure loading and spreading, by hydraulic loader and spreader", "amount": 2.3624, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "field operations", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, low voltage, at grid", "amount": 0.005015, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitrate", "amount": 0.027233, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. 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Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nickel", "amount": 3.6488e-07, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. 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(2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chromium", "amount": -2.9567e-07, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Maize seed organic, at regional storehouse", "amount": 0.0032148, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Combine harvesting", "amount": 0.00012859, "unit": "hectare", "role": "input", "group": "field operations", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tillage, harrowing, by spring tine harrow", "amount": 0.00025718, "unit": "hectare", "role": "input", "group": "field operations", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Mercury", "amount": 2.6317e-07, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chromium", "amount": 2.3162e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "n_items": 7, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "n_items": 20, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field operations", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (carbon)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 361.6, "protein_g": 0.3, "fat_g": 0.25, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 88.31666666666665, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.30000000000000004, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.013249999916180968, "water_g": 10.55 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 328.0, 381.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.7 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 1.2 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.9925 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 80.1, 91.3 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 31.591 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.9 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.05315 ], "water_g": [ 7.5, 13.300000190734863 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A002R", "matched_term_name": "Maize starch", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 16, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "origin not resolvable to a covered row; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Organic maize starch production (wet milling, DE): anchor + processing-energy correction pattern. BAFU anchor: code 497946 (Grain maize organic, at farm, CH) GWP=0.4148 kg CO2eq/kg x 1.261 kg grain per kg starch (BAFU 289738 specification). Processing energy corrections: electricity DE grid 0.25444 kWh x 0.42462 = 0.108 kg CO2; heat NG 1MW 3.988 MJ x 0.08021 = 0.3199 kg CO2. Total GWP = 0.5231 + 0.4279 = 0.951 kg CO2eq/kg starch. EI reference: 0.9663 kg CO2eq/kg (delta = -1.6%). Previous corrupt BAFU GWP: 0.6139 (-36.5%). Root cause: EDB_BAFU database has quadruplicated exchange sets from multiple DB versions; circular self-reference in 'market for maize grain, organic' resolves to only ~1/3 expected GWP after stale-DB filtering. Fix: reconstruct from BAFU 289738 inputs with organic grain substitution. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025." }, "repl_0442392e7ca00aa2": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/722890aa6dbf11a28cd8329fffc4b88f", "name": "Maize starch DE, at starch plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "289738" }, "sediment": { "intent": "glucose, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A032V" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_3287" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "fde9ca6e-daef-4963-a975-e8128d2bf92f" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03542998", "name": "29980 - glucose (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "anchor_plus_correction", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "289738" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": null, "note": "Closure reaches only open leaves, but method.kind='anchor_plus_correction' is not a canonical ecoinvent-free kind; no blanket ecoinvent-free assertion is made. All inventory data from open peer-reviewed literature and public databases. No flow-level data copied from ecoinvent proprietary database. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Maize starch DE, at starch plant built from 2 energy / processing, 4 other input, 1 transport; emissions: field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Maize starch DE, at starch plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Glucose production reconstructed as high-DE glucose syrup intermediate from maize starch: anchor + technosphere-correction pattern. Maize starch is liquefied and saccharified enzymatically, then filtered, decolourised, and concentrated to DE96 syrup. This entry stops at syrup stage and excludes crystallization and drying, because those finishing steps remain downstream in the glucose powder chain. BAFU anchor: code 289738 (Maize starch DE, at starch plant) x conversion_factor 0.71 (0.71 kg starch DS/kg high-DE glucose syrup). Process corrections are routed through BAFU technosphere exchanges: electricity 0.06 kWh via BAFU 302061, thermal energy 2.0625 MJ via BAFU 252893. Equivalent processing burden: electricity 0.0190 kg CO2eq; thermal energy 0.1541 kg CO2eq. Total GWP = 1.1589 x 0.71 + 0.1730 = 0.9959 kg CO2eq/kg. Open process basis: Vogelbusch starch sweetener technology brochure reports 710 kg starch DS, 750 kg steam, and 60 kWh per 1000 kg glucose syrup DE96, and states that crystallization of high glucose syrup yields dextrose monohydrate. Process water, wastewater, and cooling water remain source:not_available in the open literature reviewed. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid", "amount": 0.25444, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user", "amount": 1.9560000000000004, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chemical plant, organics", "amount": 4e-10, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at industrial furnace 1MW", "amount": 3.988, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, waste", "amount": 0.916, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, maize starch production effluent, to wastewater treatment, class 2", "amount": 0.000691, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Grain maize IP, at farm", "amount": 1.2610000000000001, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 0.1261, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Glucose production reconstructed as high-DE glucose syrup intermediate from maize starch: anchor + technosphere-correction pattern. Maize starch is liquefied and saccharified enzymatically, then filtered, decolourised, and concentrated to DE96 syrup. This entry stops at syrup stage and excludes crystallization and drying, because those finishing steps remain downstream in the glucose powder chain. BAFU anchor: code 289738 (Maize starch DE, at starch plant) x conversion_factor 0.71 (0.71 kg starch DS/kg high-DE glucose syrup). Process corrections are routed through BAFU technosphere exchanges: electricity 0.06 kWh via BAFU 302061, thermal energy 2.0625 MJ via BAFU 252893. Equivalent processing burden: electricity 0.0190 kg CO2eq; thermal energy 0.1541 kg CO2eq. Total GWP = 1.1589 x 0.71 + 0.1730 = 0.9959 kg CO2eq/kg. Open process basis: Vogelbusch starch sweetener technology brochure reports 710 kg starch DS, 750 kg steam, and 60 kWh per 1000 kg glucose syrup DE96, and states that crystallization of high glucose syrup yields dextrose monohydrate. Process water, wastewater, and cooling water remain source:not_available in the open literature reviewed. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." }, "repl_0783cc7372706a32": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/755cb2758eed1f117999d448c2e5a2f8", "name": "Maize starch DE, at starch plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "289738" }, "sediment": { "intent": "glucose, RoW", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A032V" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_3287" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "fde9ca6e-daef-4963-a975-e8128d2bf92f" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RoW", "name": "Rest of World" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03542998", "name": "29980 - glucose (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "anchor_plus_correction", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "289738" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": null, "note": "Closure reaches only open leaves, but method.kind='anchor_plus_correction' is not a canonical ecoinvent-free kind; no blanket ecoinvent-free assertion is made. All inventory data from open peer-reviewed literature and public databases. No flow-level data copied from ecoinvent proprietary database. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.75, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Maize starch DE, at starch plant built from 2 energy / processing, 4 other input, 1 transport; emissions: field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Maize starch DE, at starch plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Glucose production reconstructed as high-DE glucose syrup intermediate from maize starch: anchor + technosphere-correction pattern. Maize starch is liquefied and saccharified enzymatically, then filtered, decolourised, and concentrated to DE96 syrup. This entry stops at syrup stage and excludes crystallization and drying, because those finishing steps remain downstream in the glucose powder chain. BAFU anchor: code 289738 (Maize starch DE, at starch plant) x conversion_factor 0.71 (0.71 kg starch DS/kg high-DE glucose syrup). Process corrections are routed through BAFU technosphere exchanges: electricity 0.06 kWh via BAFU 302061, thermal energy 2.0625 MJ via BAFU 252893. Equivalent processing burden: electricity 0.0190 kg CO2eq; thermal energy 0.1541 kg CO2eq. Total GWP = 1.1589 x 0.71 + 0.1730 = 0.9959 kg CO2eq/kg. Open process basis: Vogelbusch starch sweetener technology brochure reports 710 kg starch DS, 750 kg steam, and 60 kWh per 1000 kg glucose syrup DE96, and states that crystallization of high glucose syrup yields dextrose monohydrate. Process water, wastewater, and cooling water remain source:not_available in the open literature reviewed. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid", "amount": 0.25444, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user", "amount": 1.9560000000000004, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chemical plant, organics", "amount": 4e-10, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at industrial furnace 1MW", "amount": 3.988, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, waste", "amount": 0.916, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, maize starch production effluent, to wastewater treatment, class 2", "amount": 0.000691, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Grain maize IP, at farm", "amount": 1.2610000000000001, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 0.1261, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Glucose production reconstructed as high-DE glucose syrup intermediate from maize starch: anchor + technosphere-correction pattern. Maize starch is liquefied and saccharified enzymatically, then filtered, decolourised, and concentrated to DE96 syrup. This entry stops at syrup stage and excludes crystallization and drying, because those finishing steps remain downstream in the glucose powder chain. BAFU anchor: code 289738 (Maize starch DE, at starch plant) x conversion_factor 0.71 (0.71 kg starch DS/kg high-DE glucose syrup). Process corrections are routed through BAFU technosphere exchanges: electricity 0.06 kWh via BAFU 302061, thermal energy 2.0625 MJ via BAFU 252893. Equivalent processing burden: electricity 0.0190 kg CO2eq; thermal energy 0.1541 kg CO2eq. Total GWP = 1.1589 x 0.71 + 0.1730 = 0.9959 kg CO2eq/kg. Open process basis: Vogelbusch starch sweetener technology brochure reports 710 kg starch DS, 750 kg steam, and 60 kWh per 1000 kg glucose syrup DE96, and states that crystallization of high glucose syrup yields dextrose monohydrate. Process water, wastewater, and cooling water remain source:not_available in the open literature reviewed. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." }, "repl_733d7f4b12c7b445": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/56857a601a3dc9104c96b1102cebd88e", "name": "Maize starch DE, at starch plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "289738" }, "sediment": { "intent": "glucose, GLO", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A032V" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_3287" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "fde9ca6e-daef-4963-a975-e8128d2bf92f" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "GLO", "name": "Global" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03542998", "name": "29980 - glucose (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "anchor_plus_correction", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "289738" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": null, "note": "Closure reaches only open leaves, but method.kind='anchor_plus_correction' is not a canonical ecoinvent-free kind; no blanket ecoinvent-free assertion is made. All inventory data from open peer-reviewed literature and public databases. No flow-level data copied from ecoinvent proprietary database. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Maize starch DE, at starch plant built from 2 energy / processing, 4 other input, 1 transport; emissions: field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Maize starch DE, at starch plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Glucose production reconstructed as high-DE glucose syrup intermediate from maize starch: anchor + technosphere-correction pattern. Maize starch is liquefied and saccharified enzymatically, then filtered, decolourised, and concentrated to DE96 syrup. This entry stops at syrup stage and excludes crystallization and drying, because those finishing steps remain downstream in the glucose powder chain. BAFU anchor: code 289738 (Maize starch DE, at starch plant) x conversion_factor 0.71 (0.71 kg starch DS/kg high-DE glucose syrup). Process corrections are routed through BAFU technosphere exchanges: electricity 0.06 kWh via BAFU 302061, thermal energy 2.0625 MJ via BAFU 252893. Equivalent processing burden: electricity 0.0190 kg CO2eq; thermal energy 0.1541 kg CO2eq. Total GWP = 1.1589 x 0.71 + 0.1730 = 0.9959 kg CO2eq/kg. Open process basis: Vogelbusch starch sweetener technology brochure reports 710 kg starch DS, 750 kg steam, and 60 kWh per 1000 kg glucose syrup DE96, and states that crystallization of high glucose syrup yields dextrose monohydrate. Process water, wastewater, and cooling water remain source:not_available in the open literature reviewed. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid", "amount": 0.25444, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user", "amount": 1.9560000000000004, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chemical plant, organics", "amount": 4e-10, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at industrial furnace 1MW", "amount": 3.988, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, waste", "amount": 0.916, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, maize starch production effluent, to wastewater treatment, class 2", "amount": 0.000691, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Grain maize IP, at farm", "amount": 1.2610000000000001, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 0.1261, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Glucose production reconstructed as high-DE glucose syrup intermediate from maize starch: anchor + technosphere-correction pattern. Maize starch is liquefied and saccharified enzymatically, then filtered, decolourised, and concentrated to DE96 syrup. This entry stops at syrup stage and excludes crystallization and drying, because those finishing steps remain downstream in the glucose powder chain. BAFU anchor: code 289738 (Maize starch DE, at starch plant) x conversion_factor 0.71 (0.71 kg starch DS/kg high-DE glucose syrup). Process corrections are routed through BAFU technosphere exchanges: electricity 0.06 kWh via BAFU 302061, thermal energy 2.0625 MJ via BAFU 252893. Equivalent processing burden: electricity 0.0190 kg CO2eq; thermal energy 0.1541 kg CO2eq. Total GWP = 1.1589 x 0.71 + 0.1730 = 0.9959 kg CO2eq/kg. Open process basis: Vogelbusch starch sweetener technology brochure reports 710 kg starch DS, 750 kg steam, and 60 kWh per 1000 kg glucose syrup DE96, and states that crystallization of high glucose syrup yields dextrose monohydrate. Process water, wastewater, and cooling water remain source:not_available in the open literature reviewed. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." }, "repl_5e1e820046c6426b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/ed1f0d4b52ab44f28a114c9a7dc6c9b6", "name": "Formic acid from butane, at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "319116" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Sugar feedstock processing, to syrup, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6195" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A048T" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "processingAidUnspecified" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03544451", "name": "44510 - processing aids (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "anchor_plus_correction", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "319116" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": null, "note": "Closure reaches only open leaves, but method.kind='anchor_plus_correction' is not a canonical ecoinvent-free kind; no blanket ecoinvent-free assertion is made. All inventory data from open peer-reviewed literature and public databases. No flow-level data copied from ecoinvent proprietary source. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.88, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Formic acid from butane, at plant built from 3 other input, 2 transport, 2 energy / processing; emissions: field emission (carbon), field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Formic acid from butane, at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Sugarcane bagasse formic acid hydrolysis to sugar syrup (RER): Pattern A anchor + technosphere-correction with substitute_edb_self. BAFU anchor: code 319116 (Formic acid from butane, at plant) x conversion_factor 0.866 (kg formic acid per kg syrup). Formic acid contribution: 0.866 x 1.3898 = 1.2036 kg CO2eq. Processing energy via BAFU technosphere: heat 4.3 MJ via BAFU 252893 = 0.3212 kg CO2eq; electricity 0.5 kWh via BAFU 302061 = 0.1580 kg CO2eq. Total GWP = 1.6828 kg CO2eq/kg (ecoinvent ref 1.726, -2.5%). Sources: Joelsson et al. (2016) Biotechnol Biofuels 9:1; Gravitis et al. (2004) CIMV biolignin process; Humbird et al. (2011) NREL/TP-5100-47764; EU FDM BREF (2006). BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "amount": 0.0094198, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (carbon)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "sutter_2007", "text": "Sutter, J., 0 (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Petrochemical Solvents. Final report ecoinvent Data v2.0. Editors: 0. 0. Volume: 22. Issue: 0. 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Editors: 0. 0. Volume: 22. Issue: 0. Swiss Centre for LCI, ETHZ. Duebendorf and St. Gallen, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Sutter, J.\\nOther authors: 0\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent Data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and St. Gallen, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ETHZ\\nJournal: 0\\nVolume No: 22\\nIssue No: 0\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Sutter, J., 0 (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Petrochemical Solvents.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, waste", "amount": 0.60488, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "sutter_2007", "text": "Sutter, J., 0 (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Petrochemical Solvents. Final report ecoinvent Data v2.0. Editors: 0. 0. Volume: 22. Issue: 0. Swiss Centre for LCI, ETHZ. Duebendorf and St. Gallen, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Sutter, J.\\nOther authors: 0\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent Data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and St. Gallen, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ETHZ\\nJournal: 0\\nVolume No: 22\\nIssue No: 0\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Sutter, J., 0 (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Petrochemical Solvents.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Butyl acetate", "amount": 0.0008099, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "sutter_2007", "text": "Sutter, J., 0 (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Petrochemical Solvents. Final report ecoinvent Data v2.0. Editors: 0. 0. Volume: 22. Issue: 0. Swiss Centre for LCI, ETHZ. Duebendorf and St. Gallen, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Sutter, J.\\nOther authors: 0\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent Data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and St. Gallen, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ETHZ\\nJournal: 0\\nVolume No: 22\\nIssue No: 0\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Sutter, J., 0 (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Petrochemical Solvents.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 143.108, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "sutter_2007", "text": "Sutter, J., 0 (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Petrochemical Solvents. Final report ecoinvent Data v2.0. Editors: 0. 0. Volume: 22. Issue: 0. Swiss Centre for LCI, ETHZ. Duebendorf and St. Gallen, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Sutter, J.\\nOther authors: 0\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent Data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and St. Gallen, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ETHZ\\nJournal: 0\\nVolume No: 22\\nIssue No: 0\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Sutter, J., 0 (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Petrochemical Solvents.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "field emission (carbon)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 13, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Sugarcane bagasse formic acid hydrolysis to sugar syrup (RER): Pattern A anchor + technosphere-correction with substitute_edb_self. BAFU anchor: code 319116 (Formic acid from butane, at plant) x conversion_factor 0.866 (kg formic acid per kg syrup). Formic acid contribution: 0.866 x 1.3898 = 1.2036 kg CO2eq. Processing energy via BAFU technosphere: heat 4.3 MJ via BAFU 252893 = 0.3212 kg CO2eq; electricity 0.5 kWh via BAFU 302061 = 0.1580 kg CO2eq. Total GWP = 1.6828 kg CO2eq/kg (ecoinvent ref 1.726, -2.5%). Sources: Joelsson et al. (2016) Biotechnol Biofuels 9:1; Gravitis et al. (2004) CIMV biolignin process; Humbird et al. (2011) NREL/TP-5100-47764; EU FDM BREF (2006). BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025." }, "repl_009fc6c9ff419f14": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy22", "name": "Rice, at farm", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "405642" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Brown rice dry milling to white basmati rice, global average", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A001K", "name": "Rice, white, milled" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6510", "name": "white rice" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "GLO", "name": "Global" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540050", "name": "00500 - rye grain (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "GLO", "name": "Global", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "anchor_plus_correction", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "405642" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": null, "note": "Closure reaches only open leaves, but method.kind='anchor_plus_correction' is not a canonical ecoinvent-free kind; no blanket ecoinvent-free assertion is made.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Rice, at farm built from 5 field operations, 15 other input, 1 transport, 1 energy / processing, 6 mineral fertiliser, 2 seed; emissions: field emission (carbon), field emission (heavy metal), field emission (nutrient), field emission (other), field emission (pesticide), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Rice, at farm", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) food_processing_reconstruction: brown rice dry milling → white rice, basmati (GLO). EDB copy22 was derived from ecoinvent 'brown rice processing, dry milling' (IP violation) with agri_model_integrated biosphere corrections (CH4, N2O) double-counted on top of BAFU 405642's built-in agricultural emissions. Fix: single BAFU 405642 anchor × 1.43 kg paddy/kg white rice (70% overall paddy-to-white yield: 80% hulling + 87.5% polishing; no CH4/N2O biosphere — those are inside BAFU 405642 already). Milling electricity: 0.03 kWh/kg white rice (literature: Bergman & Chen 1988: 25-36 kWh/t; Thanawong 2014: 50 kWh/t grain input). GWP: 1.8932 × 1.43 + milling elec CO2 = 2.7171 kg CO2eq/kg. BAFU lower than EI basmati market: BAFU only has US rice (1.89 kg CO2eq/kg) vs EI basmati market (~3.41 kg CO2eq/kg).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Triclopyr", "amount": 6.3244e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Bentazone", "amount": 3.982e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Zinc", "amount": -1.5701e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to annual crop", "amount": 1.4586, "unit": "square meter", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tillage, harrowing, by spring tine harrow", "amount": 0.00072929, "unit": "hectare", "role": "input", "group": "field operations", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Methane, biogenic", "amount": 0.040671, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (carbon)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid", "amount": 4.945e-07, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from annual crop", "amount": 1.4586, "unit": "square meter", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Benzo[thia]diazole-compounds, at regional storehouse", "amount": 3.982e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Zinc", "amount": 1.2619e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Cadmium", "amount": 9.5749e-08, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Ammonia", "amount": 0.0014701, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Clomazone", "amount": 1.8739e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lead", "amount": 1.1622e-08, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 0.0047987, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. 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Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Potassium chloride, as K2O, at regional storehouse", "amount": 0.0037923, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "mineral fertiliser", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. 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Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Mercury", "amount": 1.2331e-09, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Organophosphorus-compounds, at regional storehouse", "amount": 1.3186e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Acetamide-anillide-compounds, at regional storehouse", "amount": 0.0002727, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tillage, ploughing", "amount": 2.9172e-05, "unit": "hectare", "role": "input", "group": "field operations", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Parathion", "amount": 1.3e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chromium", "amount": 1.4893e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chromium", "amount": 2.7091e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 24, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "n_items": 20, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "field operations", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (carbon)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 15, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "n_items": 7, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "mineral fertiliser", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (pesticide)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 338.0, "protein_g": 10.3, "fat_g": 1.63, "saturated_fat_g": 0.197, "carbohydrates_g": 75.9, "sugars_g": 0.98, "fiber_g": 15.1, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00508, "water_g": 10.6 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 338.0, 338.0 ], "protein_g": [ 10.3, 10.3 ], "fat_g": [ 1.63, 1.63 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.197, 0.197 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 75.9, 75.9 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.98, 0.98 ], "fiber_g": [ 15.1, 15.1 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.00508, 0.00508 ], "water_g": [ 10.6, 10.6 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Rye grain", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 1.0, "embedding_distance": 0.0, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Rye grain' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "food_processing_reconstruction: brown rice dry milling → white rice, basmati (GLO). EDB copy22 was derived from ecoinvent 'brown rice processing, dry milling' (IP violation) with agri_model_integrated biosphere corrections (CH4, N2O) double-counted on top of BAFU 405642's built-in agricultural emissions. Fix: single BAFU 405642 anchor × 1.43 kg paddy/kg white rice (70% overall paddy-to-white yield: 80% hulling + 87.5% polishing; no CH4/N2O biosphere — those are inside BAFU 405642 already). Milling electricity: 0.03 kWh/kg white rice (literature: Bergman & Chen 1988: 25-36 kWh/t; Thanawong 2014: 50 kWh/t grain input). GWP: 1.8932 × 1.43 + milling elec CO2 = 2.7171 kg CO2eq/kg. BAFU lower than EI basmati market: BAFU only has US rice (1.89 kg CO2eq/kg) vs EI basmati market (~3.41 kg CO2eq/kg)." }, "repl_52bd3a6673242249": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy30", "name": "rice bran (milling co-product) production", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_rice_bran_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "rice bran, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F6P" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_77d35680" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03306185" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_rice_bran_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram rice bran (milling co-product) production built from 1 energy / processing, 1 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram rice bran (milling co-product) production", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Rice Bran production (copy30, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0072 kg CO2eq/kg. Grain_Milling: Modern raw rice mill (Goyal et al. 2012, via Kapur et al. 1994 Table 1) (0.02200 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg rice_bran). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Goyal et al. 2012 (M5) SEC; husking_polishing_white.rice_bran mass_fraction=0.08.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.022, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "rice grain_milling electricity_kwh: Goyal, Jogdand and Agrawal (2012) Energy use pattern in rice milling industries -- a critical appraisal, J Food Sci Technol 51:2907-2916, DOI 10.1007/s13197-012-0747-3. Table 1 (Kapur et al. 1994 data): Modern rice mill raw = 79.2 MJ/t paddy = 22.0 kWh/t paddy = 0.022 kWh/kg paddy. Body text confirms 'energy consumption in modern rice mills generally vary from 18-26 kWh/t for raw' paddy. Table 2 footnote: 't refers tonne of paddy initially at moisture content of 16 percent' (input basis -- matches our convention). Stored on native source basis; the cascade adapter converts to per-kg-milled-rice using the substrate's extraction_rate from product_properties.json (IRRI 2015 paddy mass balance: 100 kg paddy yields 68 kg white rice; extraction = 0.68).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "goyal_2012_rice-milling" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rice grain_milling electricity_kwh: Goyal, Jogdand and Agrawal (2012) Energy use pattern in rice milling industries -- a critical appraisal, J Food Sci Technol 51:2907-2916, DOI 10.1007/s13197-012-0747-3. Table 1 (Kapur et al. 1994 data): Modern rice mill raw = 79.2 MJ/t paddy = 22.0 kWh/t paddy = 0.022 kWh/kg paddy. Body text confirms 'energy consumption in modern rice mills generally vary from 18-26 kWh/t for raw' paddy. Table 2 footnote: 't refers tonne of paddy initially at moisture content of 16 percent' (input basis -- matches our convention). Stored on native source basis; the cascade adapter converts to per-kg-milled-rice using the substrate's extraction_rate from product_properties.json (IRRI 2015 paddy mass balance: 100 kg paddy yields 68 kg white rice; extraction = 0.68).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rice grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rice grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 329.5, "protein_g": 13.375, "fat_g": 20.8625, "saturated_fat_g": 0.105, "carbohydrates_g": 39.195, "sugars_g": 0.9, "fiber_g": 21.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.012700000000000001, "water_g": 6.13 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 271.0, 398.0 ], "protein_g": [ 7.0, 15.2 ], "fat_g": [ 20.8, 20.9 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.9 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 17.7, 86.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 1.9 ], "fiber_g": [ 21.0, 45.1 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.01016, 0.01524 ], "water_g": [ 5.9, 11.5 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A0F6P", "matched_term_name": "Rice bran", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 10, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Rice Bran production (copy30, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0072 kg CO2eq/kg. Grain_Milling: Modern raw rice mill (Goyal et al. 2012, via Kapur et al. 1994 Table 1) (0.02200 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg rice_bran). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Goyal et al. 2012 (M5) SEC; husking_polishing_white.rice_bran mass_fraction=0.08." }, "repl_ec8ccd0db34488ed": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy31", "name": "rice flour (milled white rice) production", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_rice_flour_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "rice flour, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A003F" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25500" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00002207" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_rice_flour_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram rice flour (milled white rice) production built from 1 energy / processing, 2 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram rice flour (milled white rice) production", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Rice Milled White Rice production (copy31, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 1.1078 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0072 processing + 1.1006 upstream rice). Grain_Milling: Modern raw rice mill (Goyal et al. 2012, via Kapur et al. 1994 Table 1) (0.02200 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg milled_white_rice). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Goyal et al. 2012 (M5, DOI 10.1007/s13197-012-0747-3) SEC; husking_polishing_white extraction=0.70.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.022, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "rice grain_milling electricity_kwh: Goyal, Jogdand and Agrawal (2012) Energy use pattern in rice milling industries -- a critical appraisal, J Food Sci Technol 51:2907-2916, DOI 10.1007/s13197-012-0747-3. Table 1 (Kapur et al. 1994 data): Modern rice mill raw = 79.2 MJ/t paddy = 22.0 kWh/t paddy = 0.022 kWh/kg paddy. Body text confirms 'energy consumption in modern rice mills generally vary from 18-26 kWh/t for raw' paddy. Table 2 footnote: 't refers tonne of paddy initially at moisture content of 16 percent' (input basis -- matches our convention). Stored on native source basis; the cascade adapter converts to per-kg-milled-rice using the substrate's extraction_rate from product_properties.json (IRRI 2015 paddy mass balance: 100 kg paddy yields 68 kg white rice; extraction = 0.68).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "goyal_2012_rice-milling" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rice grain_milling electricity_kwh: Goyal, Jogdand and Agrawal (2012) Energy use pattern in rice milling industries -- a critical appraisal, J Food Sci Technol 51:2907-2916, DOI 10.1007/s13197-012-0747-3. Table 1 (Kapur et al. 1994 data): Modern rice mill raw = 79.2 MJ/t paddy = 22.0 kWh/t paddy = 0.022 kWh/kg paddy. Body text confirms 'energy consumption in modern rice mills generally vary from 18-26 kWh/t for raw' paddy. Table 2 footnote: 't refers tonne of paddy initially at moisture content of 16 percent' (input basis -- matches our convention). Stored on native source basis; the cascade adapter converts to per-kg-milled-rice using the substrate's extraction_rate from product_properties.json (IRRI 2015 paddy mass balance: 100 kg paddy yields 68 kg white rice; extraction = 0.68).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rice grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rice grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Rice, at farm (BAFU 405642, US)", "amount": 1.428571, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rice grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.7000, economic)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rice grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.7000, economic)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 359.7, "protein_g": 6.72, "fat_g": 0.9, "saturated_fat_g": 0.10000000149011612, "carbohydrates_g": 79.3, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 2.1500000000000004, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0032700000000000003, "water_g": 11.895 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 324.0, 369.0 ], "protein_g": [ 5.800000190734863, 9.0 ], "fat_g": [ 0.4, 2.8 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.57 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 71.0, 83.9 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.7 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.8, 4.6 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.02032 ], "water_g": [ 7.0, 13.6 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A003F", "matched_term_name": "Rice flour", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 19, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Rice Milled White Rice production (copy31, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 1.1078 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0072 processing + 1.1006 upstream rice). Grain_Milling: Modern raw rice mill (Goyal et al. 2012, via Kapur et al. 1994 Table 1) (0.02200 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg milled_white_rice). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Goyal et al. 2012 (M5, DOI 10.1007/s13197-012-0747-3) SEC; husking_polishing_white extraction=0.70." }, "repl_e5850a81a5ef408a": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/8f877840388f494c97e9409bbee15350", "name": "dried rosemary production, hot-air drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_rosemary_drying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "rosemary processing, drying, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6195" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A048T" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "processingAidUnspecified" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03544451", "name": "44510 - processing aids (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_rosemary_drying_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": false, "note": "Closure reaches licensed background (ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff) — NOT ecoinvent-free. Cite, do not redistribute as BAFU-clean.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram dried rosemary production, hot-air drying built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram dried rosemary production, hot-air drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Rosemary Leaves Dried production (8f877840388f494c97e9409bbee15350, RER): chained cascade (drying). GWP metadata ≈ 1.9361 kg CO2eq/kg (0.9229 processing + 1.0132 upstream rosemary). Drying: Batch fixed-bed grate dryer for medicinal/aromatic herbs (chamomile flowers, ~40 deg C, partial air recirculation) (0.22455 kWh, 14.9888 MJ/kg leaves_dried). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Batch fixed-bed grate drying: 5.26 MJ/kg water delivered heat (BAFU 252893) + 0.0788 kWh/kg water blower electricity (BAFU 302061), Ziegler 2020 Variant A. PROXY: Ziegler measured chamomile flowers; rosemary shares the same low-temperature batch aromatic-herb drying regime (better proxy than the prior generic fruit/vegetable belt-dryer, 4.41 MJ/kg water, no electricity); moisture balance from USDA FDC fresh rosemary + 02011 dried; upstream fresh rosemary from EDB e289b58a (open reconstruction, 0.2632 kg CO2eq/kg).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 14.988771, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "ziegler_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.224547, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "ziegler_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.849576, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "ziegler_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Rosemary Leaves Dried production (8f877840388f494c97e9409bbee15350, RER): chained cascade (drying). GWP metadata ≈ 1.9361 kg CO2eq/kg (0.9229 processing + 1.0132 upstream rosemary). Drying: Batch fixed-bed grate dryer for medicinal/aromatic herbs (chamomile flowers, ~40 deg C, partial air recirculation) (0.22455 kWh, 14.9888 MJ/kg leaves_dried). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Batch fixed-bed grate drying: 5.26 MJ/kg water delivered heat (BAFU 252893) + 0.0788 kWh/kg water blower electricity (BAFU 302061), Ziegler 2020 Variant A. PROXY: Ziegler measured chamomile flowers; rosemary shares the same low-temperature batch aromatic-herb drying regime (better proxy than the prior generic fruit/vegetable belt-dryer, 4.41 MJ/kg water, no electricity); moisture balance from USDA FDC fresh rosemary + 02011 dried; upstream fresh rosemary from EDB e289b58a (open reconstruction, 0.2632 kg CO2eq/kg)." }, "repl_164456ef19fdd690": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/afb0497ddc36439d9d957baea091ce3d_copy1", "name": "curry paste, red, production", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_curry_paste_red_GLO" }, "sediment": { "intent": "curry paste, red, GLO", "terms": [ { "ns": "intent", "id": "curry paste, red, GLO" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "GLO", "name": "Global" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_curry_paste_red_GLO" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All data from open/peer-reviewed sources: Salomone & Ioppolo 2012 (J Clean Prod, open access), IPCC 2006, IEA 2020. No ecoinvent proprietary flow-level data copied. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram curry paste, red, production built from 1 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram curry paste, red, production", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Curry paste red, processing-only gate-to-gate: wet grinding (colloid mill / stone grinder) + blending + packaging. No thermal drying (wet paste, ~60-70% moisture). Electricity: 0.12 kWh/kg x 0.328 kg CO2/kWh = 0.0394 kg CO2/kg. Processing-only GWP = 0.0394 kg CO2eq/kg. Upstream ingredients (chili, garlic, spices) handled by separate EDB activities. EI cradle-to-gate 1.0523 vs BAFU 0.7938 (-24.6%): consistent with systematic BAFU background substitution across condiment products (-15% to -35%); not a structural error. Source: Salomone & Ioppolo (2012) J Clean Prod 52:294-308 (wet grinding 0.10-0.15 kWh/kg). License: no ecoinvent flow data copied.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.12, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 269.0, "protein_g": 4.7, "fat_g": 21.3, "saturated_fat_g": 2.0, "carbohydrates_g": 11.3, "sugars_g": 7.0, "fiber_g": 7.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 3.8, "water_g": 56.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 269.0, 269.0 ], "protein_g": [ 4.7, 4.7 ], "fat_g": [ 21.3, 21.3 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 2.0, 2.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 11.3, 11.3 ], "sugars_g": [ 7.0, 7.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 7.0, 7.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 3.8, 3.8 ], "water_g": [ 56.0, 56.0 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Curry paste", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.946, "embedding_distance": 0.054, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'curry paste' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Curry paste red, processing-only gate-to-gate: wet grinding (colloid mill / stone grinder) + blending + packaging. No thermal drying (wet paste, ~60-70% moisture). Electricity: 0.12 kWh/kg x 0.328 kg CO2/kWh = 0.0394 kg CO2/kg. Processing-only GWP = 0.0394 kg CO2eq/kg. Upstream ingredients (chili, garlic, spices) handled by separate EDB activities. EI cradle-to-gate 1.0523 vs BAFU 0.7938 (-24.6%): consistent with systematic BAFU background substitution across condiment products (-15% to -35%); not a structural error. Source: Salomone & Ioppolo (2012) J Clean Prod 52:294-308 (wet grinding 0.10-0.15 kWh/kg). License: no ecoinvent flow data copied." }, "repl_4bb57dbfa5571cc4": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/6041c252e31657f6b1ffee0221d82066_copy19", "name": "maltitol syrup processing service, substrate unbound", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_maltitol_syrup_processing_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Maltitol syrup processing service, gate-to-gate, substrate unbound (hydrolysis to high-maltose syrup + Raney-Ni hydrogenation), RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03413147", "name": "maltitol" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_330833", "name": "sugar alcohols" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2025", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_maltitol_syrup_processing_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature (Suckling et al. 2025, open access) and openly published process data (Vogelbusch high-DE syrup platform), plus BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram maltitol syrup processing service, substrate unbound built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram maltitol syrup processing service, substrate unbound", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Maltitol syrup processing (RER), gate-to-gate processing service. Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.6542 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned EXACTLY ZERO under every non-climate impact method — verified against the live EDB_BAFU project, where that flow carries no characterisation factor in the 197-CF EF 3.1 (BAFU) Acidification method — so an acidification query returned a confident 0.0 that reads as 'no impact' rather than 'no data'. RETIRED AN UNSOURCED VALUE — the number was not carried forward. The previous entry stated only 'Recovered from overwritten fix (lci-workbench DB)': no literature basis, no derivation, no uncertainty bounds, and no mechanism by which any reviewer could check 0.6542 against anything. An unsourced number is not a low-confidence number; there is nothing to be confident about. It was therefore discarded rather than scaled, and the inventory below was built from the open literature that already backs the sibling _copy18 entry. SUBSTRATE DELIBERATELY UNBOUND — LOAD-BEARING, DO NOT 'FIX'. This entry is a gate-to-gate PROCESSING SERVICE and carries no starch/sugar substrate edge. Verified 2026-07-27 against the pristine EDB package: _copy19 routes its 1.425 kg substrate through the EDB placeholder node 53a561ae 'Raw materials', i.e. the consumer supplies it, whereas the sibling _copy18 binds the substrate directly and is therefore cradle-to-gate. The one consumer of _copy19 in the pristine EDB is 'rice syrup production' (6041c252..._copy31), which brings its OWN 1.425 kg of 'market for rice starch' and then draws 1.0 kg of this processing service. Binding a starch anchor here would DOUBLE-COUNT the substrate against that consumer. Inventory per kg syrup (75% DS), all on BAFU technosphere edges: electricity 0.21 kWh (hydrolysis 0.06 + hydrogenation 0.15), natural-gas heat 3.9375 MJ (hydrolysis 2.0625 + re-evaporation 1.875), hydrogen 0.00863 kg, HCl 30% 0.0171 kg, NaOH 50% 0.01305 kg. Modelled GWP 0.48147 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.6542, delta -26.4%); modelled acidification 0.00058368 kg SO2eq/kg, which was structurally unreachable before. The decrease is explained by the boundary: the sibling _copy18 entry runs the SAME process WITH its starch substrate bound and totals 1.31 kg CO2eq/kg, of which 0.8239 is the substrate anchor alone. A substrate-unbound processing service cannot carry a substrate-bearing number. No exchange amount in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value of 0.6542 kg CO2eq/kg. That value had NO recoverable provenance — its entire documentation was the five words 'Recovered from overwritten fix (lci-workbench DB)' — so it could not have served as a target even if that were acceptable. The inventory is the Suckling 2025 / Vogelbusch two-stage utility set already used by the sibling entry _copy18, minus the starch substrate that this entry's system boundary excludes. The rebuilt value is ~2.4x LOWER than the retired one; that gap is REPORTED and explained (a substrate-unbound boundary cannot carry a substrate-bearing number), not tuned away. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.21, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.21 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.21 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.21 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.21 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 3.9375, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 3.9375 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 3.9375 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 3.9375 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 3.9375 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen, steam methane reforming of natural gas, 25 bar", "amount": 0.00863, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 3.9375 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.00863 kilogram.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 3.9375 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.00863 kilogram.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrochloric acid, 30% in H2O, at plant", "amount": 0.0171, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant", "amount": 0.01305, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 240.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 0.0, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 100.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 0.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 240.0, 240.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 100.0, 100.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ] }, "match_tier": "glossary_name", "matched_term": "langual:B3147", "matched_term_name": "maltitol syrup", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 2, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "bridged via esfc-glossary: foodon:FOODON_03413147 -> 'maltitol syrup' -> langual:B3147" ] }, "notes": "Maltitol syrup processing (RER), gate-to-gate processing service. Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.6542 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned EXACTLY ZERO under every non-climate impact method — verified against the live EDB_BAFU project, where that flow carries no characterisation factor in the 197-CF EF 3.1 (BAFU) Acidification method — so an acidification query returned a confident 0.0 that reads as 'no impact' rather than 'no data'. RETIRED AN UNSOURCED VALUE — the number was not carried forward. The previous entry stated only 'Recovered from overwritten fix (lci-workbench DB)': no literature basis, no derivation, no uncertainty bounds, and no mechanism by which any reviewer could check 0.6542 against anything. An unsourced number is not a low-confidence number; there is nothing to be confident about. It was therefore discarded rather than scaled, and the inventory below was built from the open literature that already backs the sibling _copy18 entry. SUBSTRATE DELIBERATELY UNBOUND — LOAD-BEARING, DO NOT 'FIX'. This entry is a gate-to-gate PROCESSING SERVICE and carries no starch/sugar substrate edge. Verified 2026-07-27 against the pristine EDB package: _copy19 routes its 1.425 kg substrate through the EDB placeholder node 53a561ae 'Raw materials', i.e. the consumer supplies it, whereas the sibling _copy18 binds the substrate directly and is therefore cradle-to-gate. The one consumer of _copy19 in the pristine EDB is 'rice syrup production' (6041c252..._copy31), which brings its OWN 1.425 kg of 'market for rice starch' and then draws 1.0 kg of this processing service. Binding a starch anchor here would DOUBLE-COUNT the substrate against that consumer. Inventory per kg syrup (75% DS), all on BAFU technosphere edges: electricity 0.21 kWh (hydrolysis 0.06 + hydrogenation 0.15), natural-gas heat 3.9375 MJ (hydrolysis 2.0625 + re-evaporation 1.875), hydrogen 0.00863 kg, HCl 30% 0.0171 kg, NaOH 50% 0.01305 kg. Modelled GWP 0.48147 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.6542, delta -26.4%); modelled acidification 0.00058368 kg SO2eq/kg, which was structurally unreachable before. The decrease is explained by the boundary: the sibling _copy18 entry runs the SAME process WITH its starch substrate bound and totals 1.31 kg CO2eq/kg, of which 0.8239 is the substrate anchor alone. A substrate-unbound processing service cannot carry a substrate-bearing number. No exchange amount in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value of 0.6542 kg CO2eq/kg. That value had NO recoverable provenance — its entire documentation was the five words 'Recovered from overwritten fix (lci-workbench DB)' — so it could not have served as a target even if that were acceptable. The inventory is the Suckling 2025 / Vogelbusch two-stage utility set already used by the sibling entry _copy18, minus the starch substrate that this entry's system boundary excludes. The rebuilt value is ~2.4x LOWER than the retired one; that gap is REPORTED and explained (a substrate-unbound boundary cannot carry a substrate-bearing number), not tuned away. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_bed0960590d44979": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/10e70524b1c6471da9f84275358bd441_copy2", "name": "nut roasting, shelled nuts", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_nut_roasting_shelled_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Nut roasting of already-shelled nuts, gate-to-gate, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A048T", "name": "Nuts" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6195", "name": "nuts" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6779", "name": "roasting" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03544451", "name": "44510 - processing aids (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2017", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_nut_roasting_shelled_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: the EU FDM BREF (public Commission reference document), peer-reviewed open-access literature (Clausen 2017, Volpe 2015), primary plant equipment data (Cacace 2020) already held in this tributary's infrastructure pool, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram nut roasting, shelled nuts built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram nut roasting, shelled nuts", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Nut processing, roasting of shelled nuts (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.04771 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned EXACTLY ZERO under every non-climate impact method — verified against the live EDB_BAFU project, where that flow carries no characterisation factor in the 197-CF EF 3.1 (BAFU) Acidification method. THE HEAT-EF MISMATCH IS NOW FIXED AT THE MODEL LEVEL, NOT DODGED. The retired entries went bafu_key=null DELIBERATELY, to escape a background mismatch: EDB sources roasting heat from ecoinvent's 'market group for heat, district or industrial, natural gas' (0.051 kg CO2/MJ at RER, 0.041 at GLO — a blended market including CHP and recovered waste heat), whereas the automated remapper substituted BAFU 252893, a direct condensing boiler at 0.0749 kg CO2/MJ, 45-83% higher. Going lumped to avoid that is exactly the defect this workstream retires: it traded a 45% error in ONE impact category for a 100% error in every other one, because a flat CO2 number scores zero for acidification, eutrophication and particulates alike. The honest resolution is to state the boundary: this inventory models a DEDICATED ON-SITE GAS-FIRED ROASTER, which is what a nut roasting line physically is — drum and hot-air roasters are directly fired, not fed from a district-heat grid. BAFU 252893 is therefore the technologically correct process, not a second-best substitute, and the ecoinvent district-heat market was the mismatched one. The residual difference against the ecoinvent figure is a background-scope difference between a direct-fired burner and a blended heat market, which is declared here rather than hidden inside a lumped constant. TWO UNSOURCED TERMS WERE REMOVED. (1) 'Infrastructure overhead' of 0.01785 kg CO2/kg (roasting; 37% of that entry's entire value) and 0.025 kg CO2/kg (shelling+roasting, itself a '+25%' dial applied to the first). Its stated basis was Heller & Keoleian 2018's 0.018-0.020 kg CO2/kg for the Impossible Burger — a wet, refrigerated formulation plant — transplanted onto a dry roasting line. Replaced by this tributary's own source-anchored rate (8.9e-05 kg machinery/kg product, Cacace 2020 primary plant data, 20 yr lifetime) carried on BAFU 563077, which comes to 0.00022 kg CO2/kg: the retired overheads were 81x and 114x too high. (2) A shell-waste disposal factor of 0.035 kg CO2/kg shell, asserted with no source whatsoever. The 1.5 kg shell MASS is defensible and is kept; only the unsourced factor is replaced, by BAFU 286849 anaerobic digestion of biowaste — nut shells being dry lignocellulosic biowaste. Inventory per kg roasted nuts, all on BAFU technosphere edges: natural-gas heat 0.5306 MJ, electricity 0.000287 kWh, amortised machinery 8.9e-05 kg. Modelled GWP 0.040030 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.04771, delta -16.1%); modelled acidification 0.00002976 kg SO2eq/kg, which was structurally unreachable before. The decrease is almost entirely the removal of the 0.01785 kg CO2 unsourced infrastructure term, which was 37% of the retired value and 81x the sourced rate. No exchange amount in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat values (0.04771 roasting, 0.158528 shelling+roasting) or from any ecoinvent reference. The sourced energy quantities are carried forward UNCHANGED from the open literature that already backed them (EU FDM BREF §7, Clausen 2017); the two unsourced terms are dropped or replaced by measured BAFU activities. The rebuilt values fall by ~60% (roasting) and ~30% (shelling+roasting); those gaps are REPORTED, not tuned away. Note specifically that the retired roasting entry's claimed '+5.4% agreement' with an ecoinvent reference of 0.04529 was PRODUCED by the unsourced 0.01785 infrastructure term — an agreement manufactured by padding is not validation, it is the reference being used as a target. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.5306, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.5306 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.5306 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.5306 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.5306 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.000287, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.000287 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.000287 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.000287 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.000287 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, amortised per kg product", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Nut processing, roasting of shelled nuts (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.04771 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned EXACTLY ZERO under every non-climate impact method — verified against the live EDB_BAFU project, where that flow carries no characterisation factor in the 197-CF EF 3.1 (BAFU) Acidification method. THE HEAT-EF MISMATCH IS NOW FIXED AT THE MODEL LEVEL, NOT DODGED. The retired entries went bafu_key=null DELIBERATELY, to escape a background mismatch: EDB sources roasting heat from ecoinvent's 'market group for heat, district or industrial, natural gas' (0.051 kg CO2/MJ at RER, 0.041 at GLO — a blended market including CHP and recovered waste heat), whereas the automated remapper substituted BAFU 252893, a direct condensing boiler at 0.0749 kg CO2/MJ, 45-83% higher. Going lumped to avoid that is exactly the defect this workstream retires: it traded a 45% error in ONE impact category for a 100% error in every other one, because a flat CO2 number scores zero for acidification, eutrophication and particulates alike. The honest resolution is to state the boundary: this inventory models a DEDICATED ON-SITE GAS-FIRED ROASTER, which is what a nut roasting line physically is — drum and hot-air roasters are directly fired, not fed from a district-heat grid. BAFU 252893 is therefore the technologically correct process, not a second-best substitute, and the ecoinvent district-heat market was the mismatched one. The residual difference against the ecoinvent figure is a background-scope difference between a direct-fired burner and a blended heat market, which is declared here rather than hidden inside a lumped constant. TWO UNSOURCED TERMS WERE REMOVED. (1) 'Infrastructure overhead' of 0.01785 kg CO2/kg (roasting; 37% of that entry's entire value) and 0.025 kg CO2/kg (shelling+roasting, itself a '+25%' dial applied to the first). Its stated basis was Heller & Keoleian 2018's 0.018-0.020 kg CO2/kg for the Impossible Burger — a wet, refrigerated formulation plant — transplanted onto a dry roasting line. Replaced by this tributary's own source-anchored rate (8.9e-05 kg machinery/kg product, Cacace 2020 primary plant data, 20 yr lifetime) carried on BAFU 563077, which comes to 0.00022 kg CO2/kg: the retired overheads were 81x and 114x too high. (2) A shell-waste disposal factor of 0.035 kg CO2/kg shell, asserted with no source whatsoever. The 1.5 kg shell MASS is defensible and is kept; only the unsourced factor is replaced, by BAFU 286849 anaerobic digestion of biowaste — nut shells being dry lignocellulosic biowaste. Inventory per kg roasted nuts, all on BAFU technosphere edges: natural-gas heat 0.5306 MJ, electricity 0.000287 kWh, amortised machinery 8.9e-05 kg. Modelled GWP 0.040030 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.04771, delta -16.1%); modelled acidification 0.00002976 kg SO2eq/kg, which was structurally unreachable before. The decrease is almost entirely the removal of the 0.01785 kg CO2 unsourced infrastructure term, which was 37% of the retired value and 81x the sourced rate. No exchange amount in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat values (0.04771 roasting, 0.158528 shelling+roasting) or from any ecoinvent reference. The sourced energy quantities are carried forward UNCHANGED from the open literature that already backed them (EU FDM BREF §7, Clausen 2017); the two unsourced terms are dropped or replaced by measured BAFU activities. The rebuilt values fall by ~60% (roasting) and ~30% (shelling+roasting); those gaps are REPORTED, not tuned away. Note specifically that the retired roasting entry's claimed '+5.4% agreement' with an ecoinvent reference of 0.04529 was PRODUCED by the unsourced 0.01785 infrastructure term — an agreement manufactured by padding is not validation, it is the reference being used as a target. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_1f355435a767e70a": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/10e70524b1c6471da9f84275358bd441_copy3", "name": "nut roasting, shelled nuts", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_nut_roasting_shelled_GLO" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Nut roasting of already-shelled nuts, gate-to-gate, GLO", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A048T", "name": "Nuts" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6195", "name": "nuts" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6779", "name": "roasting" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "GLO", "name": "Global" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03544451", "name": "44510 - processing aids (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "GLO", "name": "Global", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2017", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_nut_roasting_shelled_GLO" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: the EU FDM BREF (public Commission reference document), peer-reviewed open-access literature (Clausen 2017, Volpe 2015), primary plant equipment data (Cacace 2020) already held in this tributary's infrastructure pool, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram nut roasting, shelled nuts built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram nut roasting, shelled nuts", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Nut processing, roasting of shelled nuts (GLO). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.04771 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned EXACTLY ZERO under every non-climate impact method — verified against the live EDB_BAFU project, where that flow carries no characterisation factor in the 197-CF EF 3.1 (BAFU) Acidification method. THE HEAT-EF MISMATCH IS NOW FIXED AT THE MODEL LEVEL, NOT DODGED. The retired entries went bafu_key=null DELIBERATELY, to escape a background mismatch: EDB sources roasting heat from ecoinvent's 'market group for heat, district or industrial, natural gas' (0.051 kg CO2/MJ at RER, 0.041 at GLO — a blended market including CHP and recovered waste heat), whereas the automated remapper substituted BAFU 252893, a direct condensing boiler at 0.0749 kg CO2/MJ, 45-83% higher. Going lumped to avoid that is exactly the defect this workstream retires: it traded a 45% error in ONE impact category for a 100% error in every other one, because a flat CO2 number scores zero for acidification, eutrophication and particulates alike. The honest resolution is to state the boundary: this inventory models a DEDICATED ON-SITE GAS-FIRED ROASTER, which is what a nut roasting line physically is — drum and hot-air roasters are directly fired, not fed from a district-heat grid. BAFU 252893 is therefore the technologically correct process, not a second-best substitute, and the ecoinvent district-heat market was the mismatched one. The residual difference against the ecoinvent figure is a background-scope difference between a direct-fired burner and a blended heat market, which is declared here rather than hidden inside a lumped constant. TWO UNSOURCED TERMS WERE REMOVED. (1) 'Infrastructure overhead' of 0.01785 kg CO2/kg (roasting; 37% of that entry's entire value) and 0.025 kg CO2/kg (shelling+roasting, itself a '+25%' dial applied to the first). Its stated basis was Heller & Keoleian 2018's 0.018-0.020 kg CO2/kg for the Impossible Burger — a wet, refrigerated formulation plant — transplanted onto a dry roasting line. Replaced by this tributary's own source-anchored rate (8.9e-05 kg machinery/kg product, Cacace 2020 primary plant data, 20 yr lifetime) carried on BAFU 563077, which comes to 0.00022 kg CO2/kg: the retired overheads were 81x and 114x too high. (2) A shell-waste disposal factor of 0.035 kg CO2/kg shell, asserted with no source whatsoever. The 1.5 kg shell MASS is defensible and is kept; only the unsourced factor is replaced, by BAFU 286849 anaerobic digestion of biowaste — nut shells being dry lignocellulosic biowaste. Inventory per kg roasted nuts, all on BAFU technosphere edges: natural-gas heat 0.5306 MJ, electricity 0.000287 kWh, amortised machinery 8.9e-05 kg. Modelled GWP 0.040030 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.04771, delta -16.1%); modelled acidification 0.00002976 kg SO2eq/kg, which was structurally unreachable before. The decrease is almost entirely the removal of the 0.01785 kg CO2 unsourced infrastructure term, which was 37% of the retired value and 81x the sourced rate. No exchange amount in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat values (0.04771 roasting, 0.158528 shelling+roasting) or from any ecoinvent reference. The sourced energy quantities are carried forward UNCHANGED from the open literature that already backed them (EU FDM BREF §7, Clausen 2017); the two unsourced terms are dropped or replaced by measured BAFU activities. The rebuilt values fall by ~60% (roasting) and ~30% (shelling+roasting); those gaps are REPORTED, not tuned away. Note specifically that the retired roasting entry's claimed '+5.4% agreement' with an ecoinvent reference of 0.04529 was PRODUCED by the unsourced 0.01785 infrastructure term — an agreement manufactured by padding is not validation, it is the reference being used as a target. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.5306, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.5306 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.5306 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.5306 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.5306 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.000287, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.000287 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.000287 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.000287 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.000287 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, amortised per kg product", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Nut processing, roasting of shelled nuts (GLO). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.04771 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned EXACTLY ZERO under every non-climate impact method — verified against the live EDB_BAFU project, where that flow carries no characterisation factor in the 197-CF EF 3.1 (BAFU) Acidification method. THE HEAT-EF MISMATCH IS NOW FIXED AT THE MODEL LEVEL, NOT DODGED. The retired entries went bafu_key=null DELIBERATELY, to escape a background mismatch: EDB sources roasting heat from ecoinvent's 'market group for heat, district or industrial, natural gas' (0.051 kg CO2/MJ at RER, 0.041 at GLO — a blended market including CHP and recovered waste heat), whereas the automated remapper substituted BAFU 252893, a direct condensing boiler at 0.0749 kg CO2/MJ, 45-83% higher. Going lumped to avoid that is exactly the defect this workstream retires: it traded a 45% error in ONE impact category for a 100% error in every other one, because a flat CO2 number scores zero for acidification, eutrophication and particulates alike. The honest resolution is to state the boundary: this inventory models a DEDICATED ON-SITE GAS-FIRED ROASTER, which is what a nut roasting line physically is — drum and hot-air roasters are directly fired, not fed from a district-heat grid. BAFU 252893 is therefore the technologically correct process, not a second-best substitute, and the ecoinvent district-heat market was the mismatched one. The residual difference against the ecoinvent figure is a background-scope difference between a direct-fired burner and a blended heat market, which is declared here rather than hidden inside a lumped constant. TWO UNSOURCED TERMS WERE REMOVED. (1) 'Infrastructure overhead' of 0.01785 kg CO2/kg (roasting; 37% of that entry's entire value) and 0.025 kg CO2/kg (shelling+roasting, itself a '+25%' dial applied to the first). Its stated basis was Heller & Keoleian 2018's 0.018-0.020 kg CO2/kg for the Impossible Burger — a wet, refrigerated formulation plant — transplanted onto a dry roasting line. Replaced by this tributary's own source-anchored rate (8.9e-05 kg machinery/kg product, Cacace 2020 primary plant data, 20 yr lifetime) carried on BAFU 563077, which comes to 0.00022 kg CO2/kg: the retired overheads were 81x and 114x too high. (2) A shell-waste disposal factor of 0.035 kg CO2/kg shell, asserted with no source whatsoever. The 1.5 kg shell MASS is defensible and is kept; only the unsourced factor is replaced, by BAFU 286849 anaerobic digestion of biowaste — nut shells being dry lignocellulosic biowaste. Inventory per kg roasted nuts, all on BAFU technosphere edges: natural-gas heat 0.5306 MJ, electricity 0.000287 kWh, amortised machinery 8.9e-05 kg. Modelled GWP 0.040030 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.04771, delta -16.1%); modelled acidification 0.00002976 kg SO2eq/kg, which was structurally unreachable before. The decrease is almost entirely the removal of the 0.01785 kg CO2 unsourced infrastructure term, which was 37% of the retired value and 81x the sourced rate. No exchange amount in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat values (0.04771 roasting, 0.158528 shelling+roasting) or from any ecoinvent reference. The sourced energy quantities are carried forward UNCHANGED from the open literature that already backed them (EU FDM BREF §7, Clausen 2017); the two unsourced terms are dropped or replaced by measured BAFU activities. The rebuilt values fall by ~60% (roasting) and ~30% (shelling+roasting); those gaps are REPORTED, not tuned away. Note specifically that the retired roasting entry's claimed '+5.4% agreement' with an ecoinvent reference of 0.04529 was PRODUCED by the unsourced 0.01785 infrastructure term — an agreement manufactured by padding is not validation, it is the reference being used as a target. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_eb0070cf1135a3db": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/4a5dad12cdac4ef198af3780c6add8f2_copy1", "name": "cooking and frying service, per kg prepared product", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_cooking_frying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "frying process, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03450029" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_cooking_frying_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All energy parameters from open peer-reviewed literature and public databases. No flow-level data copied from the ecoinvent proprietary database. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram cooking and frying service, per kg prepared product built from 2 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram cooking and frying service, per kg prepared product", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Cooking/frying processing (pan/wok, RER): composite LCI pattern (bafu_key -> food_processing_lci activity, empty biosphere_exchanges). Energy: 0.0617 kWh electricity + 1.48 MJ natural gas per kg product. CO2 natural gas = 0.0830, electricity = 0.0202, total processing GWP = 0.1033 kg CO2eq/kg. Expected ~0.1315 kg CO2eq/kg (including upstream energy chain).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.48, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0617, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Cooking/frying processing (pan/wok, RER): composite LCI pattern (bafu_key -> food_processing_lci activity, empty biosphere_exchanges). Energy: 0.0617 kWh electricity + 1.48 MJ natural gas per kg product. CO2 natural gas = 0.0830, electricity = 0.0202, total processing GWP = 0.1033 kg CO2eq/kg. Expected ~0.1315 kg CO2eq/kg (including upstream energy chain)." }, "repl_8523aac1470e2ee0": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/4a5dad12cdac4ef198af3780c6add8f2", "name": "deep frying service, per kg fried product", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_deep_frying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "deep frying process, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0B95" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "processNpd" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_13586" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_deep_frying_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All energy parameters from open peer-reviewed literature and public databases. No flow-level data copied from the ecoinvent proprietary database. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram deep frying service, per kg fried product built from 1 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram deep frying service, per kg fried product", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Deep frying processing (electric immersion fryer, RER): composite LCI pattern (bafu_key -> food_processing_lci activity, empty biosphere_exchanges). Energy: 0.8816 kWh electricity (no natural gas). CO2 electricity = 0.2892 kg CO2eq/kg. Soya oil absorption: 0.0658 kg/kg added as upstream_inputs (BAFU 508788 Soybean oil, at oil mill).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.8816, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Soybean oil, at oil mill", "amount": 0.0658, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Deep frying processing (electric immersion fryer, RER): composite LCI pattern (bafu_key -> food_processing_lci activity, empty biosphere_exchanges). Energy: 0.8816 kWh electricity (no natural gas). CO2 electricity = 0.2892 kg CO2eq/kg. Soya oil absorption: 0.0658 kg/kg added as upstream_inputs (BAFU 508788 Soybean oil, at oil mill)." }, "repl_3b7216701edaff3a": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/2d57689d8b414234897f6774bfff4004", "name": "market for almond oil, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_almond_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "almond oil, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A037E" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25462" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03311437" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_almond_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for almond oil, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for almond oil, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for almond oil, w/o transport (2d57689_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 2.4158 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "almond oil", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 884.1600000000001, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 100.0, "saturated_fat_g": 8.2, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 0.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 602.0, 900.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 21.2 ], "fat_g": [ 55.2, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 4.21, 8.2 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 5.12 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 4.56 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.86106 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 2.8 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A037E", "matched_term_name": "Almond oil", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 8, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "market for almond oil, w/o transport (2d57689_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 2.4158 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_8523e23df2d500d1": { "ecoinvent_reference": "EDB/9e4b506ad78b403ba7e366b16aaa5e4f_copy1", "name": "Potatoes IP, at farm", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "194846" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Potato flakes, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A011D" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "potato-flakes" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00002792" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "anchor_plus_correction", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "194846" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": null, "note": "Closure reaches only open leaves, but method.kind='anchor_plus_correction' is not a canonical ecoinvent-free kind; no blanket ecoinvent-free assertion is made.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Potatoes IP, at farm built from 5 transport, 7 field operations, 11 other input, 13 mineral fertiliser, 1 seed, 1 energy / processing; emissions: field emission (carbon), field emission (heavy metal), field emission (nutrient), field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Potatoes IP, at farm", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Potato processing, to flakes (EDB prefix, copy1, RER): anchor + correction pattern. BAFU anchor: code 194846 (Potatoes IP, at farm, CH) × conversion_factor 1.8 (1.8 kg potato/kg flakes from EDB technosphere). Biosphere CO2 correction = 0.42461 kg CO2-fossil/kg (processing energy: drum drying steam + electricity). Total GWP = 0.10454 × 1.8 + 0.42461 = 0.61278 kg CO2eq/kg. EDB prefix entry (not ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/). BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Transport, transoceanic freight ship", "amount": 0.00043874, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tillage, currying, by weeder", "amount": 2.6476e-05, "unit": "hectare", "role": "input", "group": "field operations", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Zinc", "amount": 1.5725e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Mercury", "amount": 2.0378e-08, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Zinc", "amount": 1.2898e-07, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Potato haulm cutting", "amount": 2.6476e-05, "unit": "hectare", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Metribuzin", "amount": 3.9714e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Energy, gross calorific value, in biomass", "amount": 3.6351, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Diammonium phosphate, as N, at regional storehouse", "amount": 2.5572e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "mineral fertiliser", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Ammonium sulphate, as N, at regional storehouse", "amount": 3.3943e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "mineral fertiliser", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Phosphorus", "amount": 2.7745e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Carbon dioxide, fossil", "amount": 0.00024732, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (carbon)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Carbon dioxide, in air", "amount": 0.32032, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (carbon)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Potato planting", "amount": 2.6476e-05, "unit": "hectare", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Slurry spreading, by vacuum tanker", "amount": 0.00034644, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "field operations", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitrogen oxides", "amount": 2.2606e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Potato grading", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, 16t-32t gross weight, fleet average", "amount": 0.0007982, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. 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Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "[sulfonyl]urea-compounds, at regional storehouse", "amount": 2.6476e-07, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "mineral fertiliser", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, 3.5t gross weight, fleet average", "amount": 0.0010077, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Phosphate", "amount": 3.4085e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tillage, harrowing, by rotary harrow", "amount": 5.2952e-05, "unit": "hectare", "role": "input", "group": "field operations", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Copper", "amount": 1.7364e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lead", "amount": 6.5077e-09, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Cadmium", "amount": 2.7827e-08, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Dinitrogen monoxide", "amount": 0.00010765, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitrile-compounds, at regional storehouse", "amount": 3.336e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Fenpiclonil", "amount": 3.336e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chromium", "amount": 4.9337e-07, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, annual crop, non-irrigated", "amount": 0.12503, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitrate", "amount": 0.0069327, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Copper", "amount": 5.7543e-08, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Metolachlor, at regional storehouse", "amount": 3.9714e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "transport", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field operations", "n_items": 7, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "n_items": 20, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 11, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 7, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "mineral fertiliser", "n_items": 13, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "n_items": 7, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "field emission (carbon)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 354.0, "protein_g": 8.34, "fat_g": 0.505, "saturated_fat_g": 0.1700000008940697, "carbohydrates_g": 73.95999908447266, "sugars_g": 2.8299999475479125, "fiber_g": 6.5, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.26416, "water_g": 7.1 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 315.0, 365.0 ], "protein_g": [ 6.4, 11.3 ], "fat_g": [ 0.4, 0.81 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.15, 0.48 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 65.5, 81.17 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 10.3 ], "fiber_g": [ 2.3, 6.6 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.07389, 0.84328 ], "water_g": [ 6.42, 13.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A011D", "matched_term_name": "Potato flakes", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 8, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Potato processing, to flakes (EDB prefix, copy1, RER): anchor + correction pattern. BAFU anchor: code 194846 (Potatoes IP, at farm, CH) × conversion_factor 1.8 (1.8 kg potato/kg flakes from EDB technosphere). Biosphere CO2 correction = 0.42461 kg CO2-fossil/kg (processing energy: drum drying steam + electricity). Total GWP = 0.10454 × 1.8 + 0.42461 = 0.61278 kg CO2eq/kg. EDB prefix entry (not ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/). BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025." }, "repl_9b467bb220a5b0b8": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/9e4b506ad78b403ba7e366b16aaa5e4f_copy1", "name": "potato flakes production", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_potato_flakes_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "potato flakes, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A011D" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "potato-flakes" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00002792" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_potato_flakes_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram potato flakes production built from 2 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram potato flakes production", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Potato flakes production (RER): bafu_key=null + biosphere_exchanges. No dedicated BAFU/UVEK process for potato flake drum drying exists. Process: cooked/mashed potato -> steam-heated drum dryer (~150 deg C) -> dried potato flakes. Processing-only GWP = 0.22084 kg CO2eq/kg product. Thermal energy (natural gas, steam drum dryer): 3.65 MJ/kg. Electricity (peeling, slicing, flaking line): 0.049 kWh/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 3.65, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.049, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 354.0, "protein_g": 8.34, "fat_g": 0.505, "saturated_fat_g": 0.1700000008940697, "carbohydrates_g": 73.95999908447266, "sugars_g": 2.8299999475479125, "fiber_g": 6.5, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.26416, "water_g": 7.1 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 315.0, 365.0 ], "protein_g": [ 6.4, 11.3 ], "fat_g": [ 0.4, 0.81 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.15, 0.48 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 65.5, 81.17 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 10.3 ], "fiber_g": [ 2.3, 6.6 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.07389, 0.84328 ], "water_g": [ 6.42, 13.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A011D", "matched_term_name": "Potato flakes", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 8, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "FoodEx2 facet walk: the product is processed, so the fresh term was followed via its F27 source commodity to the sibling carrying the matching F28 process (foodex2:A011D 'Potato flakes')" ] }, "notes": "Potato flakes production (RER): bafu_key=null + biosphere_exchanges. No dedicated BAFU/UVEK process for potato flake drum drying exists. Process: cooked/mashed potato -> steam-heated drum dryer (~150 deg C) -> dried potato flakes. Processing-only GWP = 0.22084 kg CO2eq/kg product. Thermal energy (natural gas, steam drum dryer): 3.65 MJ/kg. Electricity (peeling, slicing, flaking line): 0.049 kWh/kg." }, "repl_80819a8fdc5bd087": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/6041c252e31657f6b1ffee0221d82066_copy6", "name": "sugar confectionery production, processing energy and utilities", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_sugar_confectionery_Europe" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Sugar confectionary plant, Europe", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "confectionary-based-spreads" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "A0456" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03400456" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "Europe", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_sugar_confectionery_Europe" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All inventory quantities come from open peer-reviewed literature (Wojdalski 2015, Miah 2018) and BAFU OGD process factors. No flow-level data copied from the ecoinvent proprietary database.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.8, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram sugar confectionery production, processing energy and utilities built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram sugar confectionery production, processing energy and utilities", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Sugar confectionery manufacturing (tablet candy, soft milk candy, caramel fudge), Europe proxy from direct Polish plant measurements: Pattern A composite LCI (bafu_key -> food_processing_lci activity, empty biosphere_exchanges). Inventory per kg product: electricity 0.2566 kWh, natural gas heat 2.795 MJ, tap water 5.4 kg. Expected processing GWP from current BAFU energy/water proxies is 0.2907 kg CO2eq/kg (0.2088 heat + 0.0808 electricity + 0.0011 tap water). Wojdalski et al. (2015) Table 8 reports 24 months of measurements for a plant with the same product mix and concludes the facility can serve as a model example for confectionery plants with a similar profile. Cross-check: Miah et al. (2018) reports sugar confectionery cradle-to-grave GWP ≈ 1.71 kg CO2eq/kg, so a 0.291 kg gate-to-gate processing burden is ~17% of the full life cycle and therefore plausible. Root cause fixed: copy6 was missing from lci-food-processing, so edb_bafu used a garbage auto-match from unrelated BAFU processes.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.795, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.2566, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.2566 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.2566 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.2566 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.2566 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 5.4, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Sugar confectionery manufacturing (tablet candy, soft milk candy, caramel fudge), Europe proxy from direct Polish plant measurements: Pattern A composite LCI (bafu_key -> food_processing_lci activity, empty biosphere_exchanges). Inventory per kg product: electricity 0.2566 kWh, natural gas heat 2.795 MJ, tap water 5.4 kg. Expected processing GWP from current BAFU energy/water proxies is 0.2907 kg CO2eq/kg (0.2088 heat + 0.0808 electricity + 0.0011 tap water). Wojdalski et al. (2015) Table 8 reports 24 months of measurements for a plant with the same product mix and concludes the facility can serve as a model example for confectionery plants with a similar profile. Cross-check: Miah et al. (2018) reports sugar confectionery cradle-to-grave GWP ≈ 1.71 kg CO2eq/kg, so a 0.291 kg gate-to-gate processing burden is ~17% of the full life cycle and therefore plausible. Root cause fixed: copy6 was missing from lci-food-processing, so edb_bafu used a garbage auto-match from unrelated BAFU processes." }, "repl_da8efb11a7895e1e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003100271", "name": "shelled almond consumption mix, France, open rebuild", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_almond_shelled_consumption_mix_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Almonds, shelled, consumption mix {FR} U, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A014D", "name": "Almonds" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541120", "name": "11200 - almonds (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_almond_shelled_consumption_mix_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "us_dominant_almond_origin_proxy", "roaster_electricity_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "ldpe_pouch_weight_proxy" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open publications, public product nutrition/packaging specifications, BAFU/UVEK activities, local open tributary activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram shelled almond consumption mix, France, open rebuild built from 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram shelled almond consumption mix, France, open rebuild", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Process-based grilled salted almond stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The shelled-almond consumption mix uses the existing lci-fruit kernel-basis almond activity. The roasting stage closes moisture loss from public Almond Board moisture data, adds sodium chloride from a public nutrition sodium basis, and routes thermal energy through BAFU LPG heat. Packaging, distribution, supermarket, and no-preparation stages are separate activities linked in sequence. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 biosphere shortcut or fitted residual is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "almond production, modelled, shelled kernel basis", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (1.0 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (1.0 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 587.70778068, "protein_g": 21.2, "fat_g": 52.1, "saturated_fat_g": 4.121, "carbohydrates_g": 6.6, "sugars_g": 4.199999809265137, "fiber_g": 10.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00254, "water_g": 4.335 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 411.0, 635.0 ], "protein_g": [ 8.4962, 27.3 ], "fat_g": [ 31.4346, 58.49 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 3.6, 9.7643 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 2.47, 20.4 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 6.82 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 14.5 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.01016 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 10.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A014D", "matched_term_name": "Almonds", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 23, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "origin not resolvable to a covered row; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Process-based grilled salted almond stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The shelled-almond consumption mix uses the existing lci-fruit kernel-basis almond activity. The roasting stage closes moisture loss from public Almond Board moisture data, adds sodium chloride from a public nutrition sodium basis, and routes thermal energy through BAFU LPG heat. Packaging, distribution, supermarket, and no-preparation stages are separate activities linked in sequence. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 biosphere shortcut or fitted residual is used." }, "repl_42245535a1c1cd9c": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003100273", "name": "grilled salted almond LDPE packaging, France, open rebuild", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_almond_grilled_salted_FR_at_packaging" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Almond, grilled, salted, processed in FR | Ambient (long) | Pack proxy | at packaging {FR} U, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A014D", "name": "Almonds" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541120", "name": "11200 - almonds (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_almond_grilled_salted_FR_at_packaging" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "us_dominant_almond_origin_proxy", "roaster_electricity_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "ldpe_pouch_weight_proxy" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open publications, public product nutrition/packaging specifications, BAFU/UVEK activities, local open tributary activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram grilled salted almond LDPE packaging, France, open rebuild built from 1 processing input, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram grilled salted almond LDPE packaging, France, open rebuild", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Process-based grilled salted almond stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The shelled-almond consumption mix uses the existing lci-fruit kernel-basis almond activity. The roasting stage closes moisture loss from public Almond Board moisture data, adds sodium chloride from a public nutrition sodium basis, and routes thermal energy through BAFU LPG heat. Packaging, distribution, supermarket, and no-preparation stages are separate activities linked in sequence. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 biosphere shortcut or fitted residual is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "almond, grilled, salted, at plant", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Packaging film, LDPE, at plant", "amount": 0.056, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 587.70778068, "protein_g": 21.2, "fat_g": 52.1, "saturated_fat_g": 4.121, "carbohydrates_g": 6.6, "sugars_g": 4.199999809265137, "fiber_g": 10.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00254, "water_g": 4.335 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 411.0, 635.0 ], "protein_g": [ 8.4962, 27.3 ], "fat_g": [ 31.4346, 58.49 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 3.6, 9.7643 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 2.47, 20.4 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 6.82 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 14.5 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.01016 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 10.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A014D", "matched_term_name": "Almonds", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 23, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "origin not resolvable to a covered row; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Process-based grilled salted almond stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The shelled-almond consumption mix uses the existing lci-fruit kernel-basis almond activity. The roasting stage closes moisture loss from public Almond Board moisture data, adds sodium chloride from a public nutrition sodium basis, and routes thermal energy through BAFU LPG heat. Packaging, distribution, supermarket, and no-preparation stages are separate activities linked in sequence. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 biosphere shortcut or fitted residual is used." }, "repl_7535da0c8104662f": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003100272", "name": "grilled salted almond ambient distribution, France, open rebuild", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_almond_grilled_salted_FR_at_distribution" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Almond, grilled, salted, processed in FR | Ambient (long) | Pack proxy | at distribution {FR} U, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A014D", "name": "Almonds" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541120", "name": "11200 - almonds (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_almond_grilled_salted_FR_at_distribution" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "us_dominant_almond_origin_proxy", "roaster_electricity_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "ldpe_pouch_weight_proxy" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open publications, public product nutrition/packaging specifications, BAFU/UVEK activities, local open tributary activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram grilled salted almond ambient distribution, France, open rebuild built from 1 processing input, 1 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram grilled salted almond ambient distribution, France, open rebuild", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Process-based grilled salted almond stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The shelled-almond consumption mix uses the existing lci-fruit kernel-basis almond activity. The roasting stage closes moisture loss from public Almond Board moisture data, adds sodium chloride from a public nutrition sodium basis, and routes thermal energy through BAFU LPG heat. Packaging, distribution, supermarket, and no-preparation stages are separate activities linked in sequence. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 biosphere shortcut or fitted residual is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "almond, grilled, salted, packaged", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, 16t-32t gross weight, fleet average", "amount": 0.35, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 587.70778068, "protein_g": 21.2, "fat_g": 52.1, "saturated_fat_g": 4.121, "carbohydrates_g": 6.6, "sugars_g": 4.199999809265137, "fiber_g": 10.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00254, "water_g": 4.335 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 411.0, 635.0 ], "protein_g": [ 8.4962, 27.3 ], "fat_g": [ 31.4346, 58.49 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 3.6, 9.7643 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 2.47, 20.4 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 6.82 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 14.5 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.01016 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 10.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A014D", "matched_term_name": "Almonds", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 23, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "origin not resolvable to a covered row; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Process-based grilled salted almond stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The shelled-almond consumption mix uses the existing lci-fruit kernel-basis almond activity. The roasting stage closes moisture loss from public Almond Board moisture data, adds sodium chloride from a public nutrition sodium basis, and routes thermal energy through BAFU LPG heat. Packaging, distribution, supermarket, and no-preparation stages are separate activities linked in sequence. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 biosphere shortcut or fitted residual is used." }, "repl_853cbe968eb6a35c": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003100274", "name": "grilled salted almond ambient supermarket, France, open rebuild", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_almond_grilled_salted_FR_at_supermarket" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Almond, grilled, salted, processed in FR | Ambient (long) | Pack proxy | at supermarket {FR} U, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A014D", "name": "Almonds" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541120", "name": "11200 - almonds (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_almond_grilled_salted_FR_at_supermarket" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "us_dominant_almond_origin_proxy", "roaster_electricity_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "ldpe_pouch_weight_proxy" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open publications, public product nutrition/packaging specifications, BAFU/UVEK activities, local open tributary activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram grilled salted almond ambient supermarket, France, open rebuild built from 1 energy / processing, 1 other input, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram grilled salted almond ambient supermarket, France, open rebuild", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Process-based grilled salted almond stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The shelled-almond consumption mix uses the existing lci-fruit kernel-basis almond activity. The roasting stage closes moisture loss from public Almond Board moisture data, adds sodium chloride from a public nutrition sodium basis, and routes thermal energy through BAFU LPG heat. Packaging, distribution, supermarket, and no-preparation stages are separate activities linked in sequence. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 biosphere shortcut or fitted residual is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.000229, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 2.09, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "almond, grilled, salted, packaged, at distribution", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 587.70778068, "protein_g": 21.2, "fat_g": 52.1, "saturated_fat_g": 4.121, "carbohydrates_g": 6.6, "sugars_g": 4.199999809265137, "fiber_g": 10.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00254, "water_g": 4.335 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 411.0, 635.0 ], "protein_g": [ 8.4962, 27.3 ], "fat_g": [ 31.4346, 58.49 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 3.6, 9.7643 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 2.47, 20.4 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 6.82 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 14.5 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.01016 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 10.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A014D", "matched_term_name": "Almonds", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 23, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "origin not resolvable to a covered row; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Process-based grilled salted almond stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The shelled-almond consumption mix uses the existing lci-fruit kernel-basis almond activity. The roasting stage closes moisture loss from public Almond Board moisture data, adds sodium chloride from a public nutrition sodium basis, and routes thermal energy through BAFU LPG heat. Packaging, distribution, supermarket, and no-preparation stages are separate activities linked in sequence. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 biosphere shortcut or fitted residual is used." }, "repl_553e4b195e9df829": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003100275", "name": "grilled salted almond no-preparation consumer stage, France, open rebuild", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_almond_grilled_salted_FR_at_consumer_no_preparation" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Almond, grilled, salted, processed in FR | Ambient (long) | Pack proxy | No preparation | at consumer {FR} [Ciqual code: 15042] U, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A014D", "name": "Almonds" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541120", "name": "11200 - almonds (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_almond_grilled_salted_FR_at_consumer_no_preparation" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "us_dominant_almond_origin_proxy", "roaster_electricity_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "ldpe_pouch_weight_proxy" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open publications, public product nutrition/packaging specifications, BAFU/UVEK activities, local open tributary activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram grilled salted almond no-preparation consumer stage, France, open rebuild built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram grilled salted almond no-preparation consumer stage, France, open rebuild", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Process-based grilled salted almond stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The shelled-almond consumption mix uses the existing lci-fruit kernel-basis almond activity. The roasting stage closes moisture loss from public Almond Board moisture data, adds sodium chloride from a public nutrition sodium basis, and routes thermal energy through BAFU LPG heat. Packaging, distribution, supermarket, and no-preparation stages are separate activities linked in sequence. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 biosphere shortcut or fitted residual is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "almond, grilled, salted, packaged, at supermarket", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 587.70778068, "protein_g": 21.2, "fat_g": 52.1, "saturated_fat_g": 4.121, "carbohydrates_g": 6.6, "sugars_g": 4.199999809265137, "fiber_g": 10.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00254, "water_g": 4.335 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 411.0, 635.0 ], "protein_g": [ 8.4962, 27.3 ], "fat_g": [ 31.4346, 58.49 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 3.6, 9.7643 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 2.47, 20.4 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 6.82 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 14.5 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.01016 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 10.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A014D", "matched_term_name": "Almonds", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 23, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "origin not resolvable to a covered row; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Process-based grilled salted almond stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The shelled-almond consumption mix uses the existing lci-fruit kernel-basis almond activity. The roasting stage closes moisture loss from public Almond Board moisture data, adds sodium chloride from a public nutrition sodium basis, and routes thermal energy through BAFU LPG heat. Packaging, distribution, supermarket, and no-preparation stages are separate activities linked in sequence. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 biosphere shortcut or fitted residual is used." }, "repl_8d174b550734cdd5": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy57", "name": "beetroot juice processing, cold-press + HTST pasteurisation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_beetroot_juice_market_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "beetroot juice, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "beetroot-juices" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_beetroot_juice_market_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All benchmark data come from open sources: Agribalyse v4 mass balance (AGRIBALU000000003101306, ODbL); SENSE D2.1 EU FP7 open deliverable for processing energy (Doublet 2013); BAFU OGD background activities (252893 heat, 609058 electricity); fruit_crops_lci EDB-modelled beetroot crop. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram beetroot juice processing, cold-press + HTST pasteurisation built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram beetroot juice processing, cold-press + HTST pasteurisation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Beetroot processing (RER, copy57): Pattern A composite LCI with substitute_edb_self. Built by domains/beetroot_juice.py. Composite food_processing_beetroot_juice_market_RER aggregates 2.469 kg beetroot upstream (fruit_crops_lci/3bc0ec3282b05635734b70b95e5e396e) + 0.6476 MJ NG heat (BAFU 252893) + 0.1429 kWh electricity (BAFU 609058). Mass balance from Agribalyse v4 AGRIBALU000000003101306 (ODbL); processing energy from SENSE D2.1 (EU FP7, Doublet 2013) -- the same juice-template Agribalyse v4 explicitly reuses for beetroot juice. Predicted GWP against bafu_fresh ~0.235 kg CO2eq/kg, lower than the EI reference (0.311) and Agribalyse v4 anchor (0.349) because BAFU's medium-voltage RER electricity (0.294 kg CO2eq/kWh) and NG heat (0.068 kg CO2eq/MJ) are cleaner than the ecoinvent equivalents. Migration history: 2026-04-12 Agribalyse-3.2-BAFU (broken/retired) -> 2026-04-30 Agribalyse-4.0-BAFU (not in bafu_fresh) -> 2026-05-01 food_processing_lci composite (resolved).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.1429, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.6476, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "beetroot, at farm gate (fruit_crops_lci EDB-modelled, RER)", "amount": 2.469, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.469 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.469 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 34.0, "protein_g": 0.8999999761581421, "fat_g": 0.06, "saturated_fat_g": 0.01, "carbohydrates_g": 7.7, "sugars_g": 7.4, "fiber_g": 0.6, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.048260000000000004, "water_g": 90.2 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 25.0, 46.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.4, 1.59 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.3088 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0447 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 5.91, 9.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 4.75, 8.7 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 2.5686 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.1524 ], "water_g": [ 87.098, 92.4 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "off:beetroot-juices", "matched_term_name": "Beetroot juices", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 7, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Beetroot processing (RER, copy57): Pattern A composite LCI with substitute_edb_self. Built by domains/beetroot_juice.py. Composite food_processing_beetroot_juice_market_RER aggregates 2.469 kg beetroot upstream (fruit_crops_lci/3bc0ec3282b05635734b70b95e5e396e) + 0.6476 MJ NG heat (BAFU 252893) + 0.1429 kWh electricity (BAFU 609058). Mass balance from Agribalyse v4 AGRIBALU000000003101306 (ODbL); processing energy from SENSE D2.1 (EU FP7, Doublet 2013) -- the same juice-template Agribalyse v4 explicitly reuses for beetroot juice. Predicted GWP against bafu_fresh ~0.235 kg CO2eq/kg, lower than the EI reference (0.311) and Agribalyse v4 anchor (0.349) because BAFU's medium-voltage RER electricity (0.294 kg CO2eq/kWh) and NG heat (0.068 kg CO2eq/MJ) are cleaner than the ecoinvent equivalents. Migration history: 2026-04-12 Agribalyse-3.2-BAFU (broken/retired) -> 2026-04-30 Agribalyse-4.0-BAFU (not in bafu_fresh) -> 2026-05-01 food_processing_lci composite (resolved)." }, "repl_47b76bd06e78881b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/93c8cc918a474fa9823623975e5ea7b1", "name": "beetroot juice processing, cold-press + HTST pasteurisation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_beetroot_juice_market_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "beetroot juice, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "beetroot-juices" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_beetroot_juice_market_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All data from open sources: Agribalyse v4 mass balance (AGRIBALU000000003101306, ODbL); SENSE D2.1 EU FP7 open deliverable (Doublet 2013); BAFU OGD background. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram beetroot juice processing, cold-press + HTST pasteurisation built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram beetroot juice processing, cold-press + HTST pasteurisation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Market for beetroot juice, w/o transport (RER, base UUID): same Pattern A composite anchor as the production sibling copy57. Built by domains/beetroot_juice.py. The w/o-transport market adds no extra downstream transport burden in EDB; the relevant open equivalent is the processing-gate beetroot juice activity itself. substitute_edb_self collapses the stale market foreground and resolves directly to food_processing_beetroot_juice_market_RER. Migration history: 2026-04-12 Agribalyse-3.2-BAFU (broken/retired) -> 2026-04-30 Agribalyse-4.0-BAFU (not in bafu_fresh) -> 2026-05-01 food_processing_lci composite (resolved).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.1429, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.6476, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "beetroot, at farm gate (fruit_crops_lci EDB-modelled, RER)", "amount": 2.469, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.469 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.469 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 34.0, "protein_g": 0.8999999761581421, "fat_g": 0.06, "saturated_fat_g": 0.01, "carbohydrates_g": 7.7, "sugars_g": 7.4, "fiber_g": 0.6, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.048260000000000004, "water_g": 90.2 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 25.0, 46.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.4, 1.59 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.3088 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0447 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 5.91, 9.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 4.75, 8.7 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 2.5686 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.1524 ], "water_g": [ 87.098, 92.4 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "off:beetroot-juices", "matched_term_name": "Beetroot juices", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 7, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Market for beetroot juice, w/o transport (RER, base UUID): same Pattern A composite anchor as the production sibling copy57. Built by domains/beetroot_juice.py. The w/o-transport market adds no extra downstream transport burden in EDB; the relevant open equivalent is the processing-gate beetroot juice activity itself. substitute_edb_self collapses the stale market foreground and resolves directly to food_processing_beetroot_juice_market_RER. Migration history: 2026-04-12 Agribalyse-3.2-BAFU (broken/retired) -> 2026-04-30 Agribalyse-4.0-BAFU (not in bafu_fresh) -> 2026-05-01 food_processing_lci composite (resolved)." }, "repl_eba7c98985eaad6e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/5df6ac5ab34b40b3a4868aab671a50e9_copy2", "name": "black currant juice production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_black_currant_juice_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "black currant juice, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03306148" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_black_currant_juice_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "sense_d2_1_2013", "text": "SENSE project D2.1 2013 (food LCA inventory)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.6, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram black currant juice production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input; emissions: field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram black currant juice production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Black Currant Juice production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0411 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009) (0.01557 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.01663 kWh, 0.2808 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Spanish Zuvamesa juice plant CIP overhead (source: sense_d2_1_2013, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.2808, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.01663, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 0.4222, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.4222, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "black_currant juice, extracted", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 55.0, "protein_g": 0.18, "fat_g": 0.06, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 12.785, "sugars_g": 12.785, "fiber_g": 0.4, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.012700000000000001, "water_g": 85.919 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 55.0, 55.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.18, 0.18 ], "fat_g": [ 0.06, 0.06 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 12.785, 12.785 ], "sugars_g": [ 12.785, 12.785 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.4, 0.4 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.012700000000000001, 0.012700000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 85.919, 85.919 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Black currant juice", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 1.0, "embedding_distance": 0.0, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'black currant juice' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Black Currant Juice production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0411 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009) (0.01557 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.01663 kWh, 0.2808 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Spanish Zuvamesa juice plant CIP overhead (source: sense_d2_1_2013, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_01f919eb3720b335": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/5df6ac5ab34b40b3a4868aab671a50e9_copy1", "name": "black currant juice concentrate production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation + six effect evaporation concentration", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_black_currant_juice_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "black currant juice concentrate, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "hestia", "id": "concentrateJrl807" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "b7664c9f-f77c-4d6a-91ca-816492a2854c" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_black_currant_juice_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "sense_d2_1_2013", "text": "SENSE project D2.1 2013 (food LCA inventory)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.6, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram black currant juice concentrate production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation + six effect evaporation concentration built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram black currant juice concentrate production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation + six effect evaporation concentration", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Black Currant Juice production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation → concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.3121 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009) (0.09200 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.09827 kWh, 1.6593 MJ/kg juice). Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.02180 kWh, 2.4005 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Spanish Zuvamesa juice plant CIP overhead (source: sense_d2_1_2013, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.400545, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "apple concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.021796, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "apple concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 5.4, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 5.4, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 4.909091, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "apple concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "black_currant juice, pasteurised", "amount": 5.909091, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Black Currant Juice production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation → concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.3121 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009) (0.09200 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.09827 kWh, 1.6593 MJ/kg juice). Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.02180 kWh, 2.4005 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Spanish Zuvamesa juice plant CIP overhead (source: sense_d2_1_2013, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_1d67d1f94db5aa20": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003104855", "name": "dried defatted black soldier fly protein press-cake production", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_bsf_defatted_protein_press_cake_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Dried defatted black soldier fly protein press cake, rearing, drying and defatting, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A16TB", "name": "Black soldier fly (as animal)" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A16XC", "name": "Edible insect larvae" }, { "ns": "scientific-name", "id": "Hermetia illucens", "name": "Hermetia illucens" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "replacement_kind": "resolved", "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_bsf_defatted_protein_press_cake_FR" }, "note": "Open-literature process-based BSFL rearing, drying and mechanical-defatting composite. Electricity and freight are itemized as BAFU technosphere exchanges; organic waste feedstock follows the source zero-burden residual assumption; no calibrated biosphere residual is used.", "build_params": null }, "allocation": { "approach": "mass", "ordering_check": "1 kg dried larvae yields 0.8 kg press cake and 0.2 kg oil; press-cake mass allocation is 0.8 and rebasing to 1 kg press cake gives a net factor of 1.0.", "per_member": [ { "member": "defatted press cake", "alloc_factor": 0.8, "ef": null }, { "member": "extracted oil", "alloc_factor": 0.2, "ef": null } ] }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram dried defatted black soldier fly protein press-cake production built from 1 energy / processing, 1 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram dried defatted black soldier fly protein press-cake production", "derivation": "1 kg dried defatted black soldier fly press cake at plant, France Pattern A process-based BSF defatted-protein composite. Open WUR Table 1 foreground inputs are mapped row-by-row: 2.100000 kWh FR electricity and 0.900000 tkm lorry freight per kg press cake. Organic waste substrate is documented as the source's zero-burden residual feedstock assumption; starter, neonates, crates, water and wastewater remain explicit not-available gaps. Packaging film and thermoforming are excluded from this head process to avoid double counting with the packaging/background layers.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 2.1, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average - organic waste and starter collection", "amount": 0.9, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg dried defatted black soldier fly press cake at plant, France", "boundary": "BSFL rearing, larvae separation, drying and mechanical defatting to dried defatted press cake/protein meal in France, with organic waste feedstock treated as a zero-burden residual input following the source study. Avoided landfill, avoided fertiliser, avoided soybean meal, packaging, distribution, supermarket, retail and household use are excluded.", "luc": "No additional land-use-change overlay is added in food processing. The substrate is treated as residual organic waste following the open source boundary.", "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The Agribalyse root product is dried defatted BSF protein; the open source reports dried larvae split into 0.8 kg press cake and 0.2 kg oil, allowing a physical mass-allocation rebase to the press-cake/protein-meal product." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Built from open/public BSFL foreground data and BAFU/UVEK OGD technosphere anchors; reusable with BAFU attribution.", "citations": [ { "handle": "pishgar-komleh-2022-bsf", "text": "Pishgar-Komleh, Vernooij and Straub (2022), Carbon footprint of processing city market waste for animal feed with Black Soldier Flies in Kampala, Uganda, Wageningen University and Research report 2232." }, { "handle": "spykman-2021-bsf", "text": "Spykman et al. (2021), Environmental impact of rearing and co-products from black soldier fly larvae fed with poultry feed, LCA context and process-module sanity check." }, { "handle": "nugroho-2023-bsf", "text": "Nugroho et al. (2023), Life cycle assessment of edible insects for food protein, gate-to-gate dried BSFL benchmark used as validation context only." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD catalog activities: 269314 FR medium-voltage electricity and 453425 RER lorry fleet-average freight." } ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "dqr_tuple": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Pattern A process-based BSF defatted-protein composite. Open WUR Table 1 foreground inputs are mapped row-by-row: 2.100000 kWh FR electricity and 0.900000 tkm lorry freight per kg press cake. Organic waste substrate is documented as the source's zero-burden residual feedstock assumption; starter, neonates, crates, water and wastewater remain explicit not-available gaps. Packaging film and thermoforming are excluded from this head process to avoid double counting with the packaging/background layers." }, "repl_57bc320f357ee9c2": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/4b62808842044a0cbc0951f831a06b77_copy11", "name": "buffered vinegar powder processing, spray-drying (acetic acid)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_vinegar_powder_acetic_acid_spray_drying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Buffered vinegar powder (sodium diacetate, acetic acid route), processing, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A044L", "name": "Vinegar" }, { "ns": "cas", "id": "126-96-5", "name": "Sodium diacetate" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03544087", "name": "40870 - vinegar (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_vinegar_powder_acetic_acid_spray_drying_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All input amounts derived from open stoichiometry (sodium diacetate MW 142.09) and open literature (Baker & McKenzie 2005; US10752871B2 / WO2014021719A1). Emission factors from BAFU/UVEK public OGD data. No flow-level data copied from the ecoinvent proprietary database; the 2.667 ecoinvent reference is used only as a sanity check.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.8, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram buffered vinegar powder processing, spray-drying (acetic acid) built from 2 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram buffered vinegar powder processing, spray-drying (acetic acid)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Buffered vinegar powder production (acetic acid route, RER): composite LCI activity with BAFU technosphere exchanges. Sodium diacetate (E262ii) mass balance from open stoichiometry: (1) acetic acid 98% (BAFU 513962): 0.8625 kg/kg powder; (2) NaOH 50% buffering agent (BAFU 483088): 0.563 kg/kg powder; (3) spray-drying energy: 2.073 MJ natural gas + 0.0213 kWh electricity (0.4256 kg water evaporated). Source: Baker & McKenzie (2005) Drying Technology 23(1-2):365-386; US10752871B2 / WO2014021719A1 buffered-vinegar process route.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.072672, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 2.0727 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.072672 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 2.0727 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.072672 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.021324, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.02132 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.021324 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.02132 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.021324 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Acetic acid, 98% in H2O, at plant (concentrated acetic acid feedstock)", "amount": 0.8625, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (buffering agent)", "amount": 0.563, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Buffered vinegar powder production (acetic acid route, RER): composite LCI activity with BAFU technosphere exchanges. Sodium diacetate (E262ii) mass balance from open stoichiometry: (1) acetic acid 98% (BAFU 513962): 0.8625 kg/kg powder; (2) NaOH 50% buffering agent (BAFU 483088): 0.563 kg/kg powder; (3) spray-drying energy: 2.073 MJ natural gas + 0.0213 kWh electricity (0.4256 kg water evaporated). Source: Baker & McKenzie (2005) Drying Technology 23(1-2):365-386; US10752871B2 / WO2014021719A1 buffered-vinegar process route." }, "repl_2cb5870984ebbbf7": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f4f169d8fc59457ebbc6f46bb0e9cdb2", "name": "wheat grain processing, parboiling, grinding", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "457863" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat grain processing, parboiling, grinding, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "2512b122-8721-4d34-a04d-fa0fead01c7f" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "anchor_plus_correction", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "457863" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": null, "note": "Closure reaches only open leaves, but method.kind='anchor_plus_correction' is not a canonical ecoinvent-free kind; no blanket ecoinvent-free assertion is made. Open sources only. No ecoinvent data used. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat grain processing, parboiling, grinding built from 8 other input, 2 transport, 3 mineral fertiliser, 4 field operations, 1 energy / processing, 2 seed; emissions: field emission (carbon), field emission (heavy metal), field emission (nutrient), field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat grain processing, parboiling, grinding", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Recovered from overwritten fix (lci-workbench DB)", "line_items": [ { "name": "Lead", "amount": 2.0283e-07, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Diflufenican", "amount": 8.2598e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitrate", "amount": 0.017751, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. 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Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chlormequat", "amount": 0.00010428, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Flufenacet", "amount": 4.9643e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat seed IP, at regional storehouse", "amount": 0.023788, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitrogen oxides", "amount": 0.00015443, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Cadmium", "amount": 7.5852e-07, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Triple superphosphate, as P2O5, at regional storehouse", "amount": 0.0077532, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "mineral fertiliser", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 0.0039767, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Prochloraz", "amount": 1.601e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lead", "amount": 3.2567e-08, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tillage, harrowing, by rotary harrow", "amount": 0.00039101, "unit": "hectare", "role": "input", "group": "field operations", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chromium", "amount": 1.5949e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Mercury", "amount": 4.5352e-11, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sowing", "amount": 0.00013216, "unit": "hectare", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Flurtamone", "amount": 5.1712e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Phosphorus", "amount": 1.6709e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chromium", "amount": 3.8425e-07, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tebuconazole", "amount": 1.3472e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lead", "amount": 7.5293e-09, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Zinc", "amount": 1.7759e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "n_items": 20, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 17, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 8, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "field emission (carbon)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "mineral fertiliser", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field operations", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Recovered from overwritten fix (lci-workbench DB)" }, "repl_04e94c8da3311ad4": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003110146", "name": "canned drained mussel, aquaculture supply + canning + packaging", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_canned_mussel_drained_at_packaging_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Mussel, canned, drained, canning and packaging, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A02HF", "name": "Mussels" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "musselGrit", "name": "Mussel grit" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_5010", "name": "mussels" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03542534", "name": "25340 - mussels (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_canned_mussel_drained_at_packaging_FR" }, "note": "Process-based composite from open canned-mussel factory data. Mussel supply, oil, energy, water, packaging services, carton board and transport are itemized as physical technosphere exchanges; no calibrated biosphere residual is used." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram canned drained mussel, aquaculture supply + canning + packaging built from 2 energy / processing, 8 other input, 1 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram canned drained mussel, aquaculture supply + canning + packaging", "derivation": "1 kg commercial canned mussel flesh, France Pattern A process-based Agribalyse root substitution for canned drained mussel at the French packaging split. Physical inputs from Iribarren et al. 2010 Table 3 per kg commercial canned mussel flesh: 12.7 kg commercial mussels, 0.25 kg edible oil, 14.4 kg water, 1.36 kWh electricity, 2.98 MJ fuel-oil heat, 0.66 kg measured empty-can tinplate represented through existing lci-packaging can component services, 0.1 kg carton board, and 2.070812806 tkm freight. Shell/by-product valorisation is outside the source study scope; fuel-combustion CO2 flows through BAFU heat, not foreground biosphere residuals.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 1.36, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 1.36 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 1.36 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 1.36 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 1.36 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, heavy fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 2.98, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 14.4, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.0144, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "mussel production, longline/suspended culture, RER", "amount": 12.7, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (12.7 kilogram) resolved to the aquaculture_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "aquaculture_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (12.7 kilogram) resolved to the aquaculture_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Rape oil, at oil mill - edible oil proxy for canned mussel fill", "amount": 0.25, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "steel can body/base service proxy, scaled to Iribarren empty-can mass", "amount": 19.735735, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "packaging_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "steel can lid service proxy, scaled to Iribarren empty-can mass", "amount": 19.735735, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "packaging_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "paper can label service proxy, same can count as body/lid", "amount": 19.735735, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "packaging_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Production of carton board boxes, offset printing, at plant", "amount": 0.1, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average - factory input/output freight", "amount": 2.070813, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 8, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg commercial canned mussel flesh, France", "boundary": "Aquaculture mussel supply plus factory canning, can packaging services, carton board and freight through the packaging split. Retail, supermarket operation, household use and shell/by-product valorisation are excluded.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "Iribarren et al. 2010 Table 3 and the Agribalyse reference product both use canned/drained mussel flesh as the product basis." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Open literature, sibling open tributary activities, and BAFU/UVEK OGD inputs only. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level inventory copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "iribarren-2010-canned-mussel", "text": "Iribarren D., Moreira M.T. and Feijoo G. 2010, Life Cycle Assessment of fresh and canned mussel processing and consumption in Galicia (NW Spain), Resources, Conservation and Recycling 55(2):106-117, doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.08.001, Table 3." }, { "handle": "saralegui-diez-2026-mussel-food-chain", "text": "Saralegui-Diez P. et al. 2026, The carbon footprint of the mussel food chain in Spain, Resources, Conservation and Recycling 227:108742, doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108742, product-form GWP sanity bands." }, { "handle": "lci-aquaculture-mussel", "text": "lci-aquaculture open mussel composite from Fry 2012 and Aubin et al. 2018, activity aquaculture_lci/ac26af6b81f2edd81b17589b4efdf4b4." }, { "handle": "lci-packaging-tuna-can", "text": "lci-packaging open 160 g tuna steel-can component services used as the closest existing can-body/lid/label technology proxy." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK Database 2025 activities 286928, 290268, 453425 and food-processing standard utility mappings. Attribution: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 92.0, "protein_g": 10.3, "fat_g": 2.24, "saturated_fat_g": 0.99, "carbohydrates_g": 7.43, "sugars_g": 1.05, "fiber_g": 0.53, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.69, "water_g": 76.5 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 92.0, 92.0 ], "protein_g": [ 10.3, 10.3 ], "fat_g": [ 2.24, 2.24 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.99, 0.99 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 7.43, 7.43 ], "sugars_g": [ 1.05, 1.05 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.53, 0.53 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.69, 0.69 ], "water_g": [ 76.5, 76.5 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A02HF", "matched_term_name": "Mussels", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "national", "resolved_country": "FR", "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Pattern A process-based Agribalyse root substitution for canned drained mussel at the French packaging split. Physical inputs from Iribarren et al. 2010 Table 3 per kg commercial canned mussel flesh: 12.7 kg commercial mussels, 0.25 kg edible oil, 14.4 kg water, 1.36 kWh electricity, 2.98 MJ fuel-oil heat, 0.66 kg measured empty-can tinplate represented through existing lci-packaging can component services, 0.1 kg carton board, and 2.070812806 tkm freight. Shell/by-product valorisation is outside the source study scope; fuel-combustion CO2 flows through BAFU heat, not foreground biosphere residuals." }, "repl_a0539fbd95edbac2": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003110149", "name": "canned drained mussel, aquaculture supply + canning + packaging", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_canned_mussel_drained_at_packaging_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Mussel, canned, drained, canning and packaging, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A02HF", "name": "Mussels" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "musselGrit", "name": "Mussel grit" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_5010", "name": "mussels" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03542534", "name": "25340 - mussels (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_canned_mussel_drained_at_packaging_FR" }, "note": "Process-based composite from open canned-mussel factory data. Mussel supply, oil, energy, water, packaging services, carton board and transport are itemized as physical technosphere exchanges; no calibrated biosphere residual is used." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram canned drained mussel, aquaculture supply + canning + packaging built from 2 energy / processing, 8 other input, 1 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram canned drained mussel, aquaculture supply + canning + packaging", "derivation": "1 kg commercial canned mussel flesh, France Pattern A process-based Agribalyse root substitution for canned drained mussel at the French packaging split. Physical inputs from Iribarren et al. 2010 Table 3 per kg commercial canned mussel flesh: 12.7 kg commercial mussels, 0.25 kg edible oil, 14.4 kg water, 1.36 kWh electricity, 2.98 MJ fuel-oil heat, 0.66 kg measured empty-can tinplate represented through existing lci-packaging can component services, 0.1 kg carton board, and 2.070812806 tkm freight. Shell/by-product valorisation is outside the source study scope; fuel-combustion CO2 flows through BAFU heat, not foreground biosphere residuals.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 1.36, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 1.36 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 1.36 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 1.36 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 1.36 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, heavy fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 2.98, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 14.4, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.0144, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "mussel production, longline/suspended culture, RER", "amount": 12.7, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (12.7 kilogram) resolved to the aquaculture_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "aquaculture_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (12.7 kilogram) resolved to the aquaculture_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Rape oil, at oil mill - edible oil proxy for canned mussel fill", "amount": 0.25, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "steel can body/base service proxy, scaled to Iribarren empty-can mass", "amount": 19.735735, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "packaging_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "steel can lid service proxy, scaled to Iribarren empty-can mass", "amount": 19.735735, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "packaging_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "paper can label service proxy, same can count as body/lid", "amount": 19.735735, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "packaging_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Production of carton board boxes, offset printing, at plant", "amount": 0.1, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average - factory input/output freight", "amount": 2.070813, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 8, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg commercial canned mussel flesh, France", "boundary": "Aquaculture mussel supply plus factory canning, can packaging services, carton board and freight through the packaging split. Retail, supermarket operation, household use and shell/by-product valorisation are excluded.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "Iribarren et al. 2010 Table 3 and the Agribalyse reference product both use canned/drained mussel flesh as the product basis." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Open literature, sibling open tributary activities, and BAFU/UVEK OGD inputs only. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level inventory copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "iribarren-2010-canned-mussel", "text": "Iribarren D., Moreira M.T. and Feijoo G. 2010, Life Cycle Assessment of fresh and canned mussel processing and consumption in Galicia (NW Spain), Resources, Conservation and Recycling 55(2):106-117, doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.08.001, Table 3." }, { "handle": "saralegui-diez-2026-mussel-food-chain", "text": "Saralegui-Diez P. et al. 2026, The carbon footprint of the mussel food chain in Spain, Resources, Conservation and Recycling 227:108742, doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108742, product-form GWP sanity bands." }, { "handle": "lci-aquaculture-mussel", "text": "lci-aquaculture open mussel composite from Fry 2012 and Aubin et al. 2018, activity aquaculture_lci/ac26af6b81f2edd81b17589b4efdf4b4." }, { "handle": "lci-packaging-tuna-can", "text": "lci-packaging open 160 g tuna steel-can component services used as the closest existing can-body/lid/label technology proxy." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK Database 2025 activities 286928, 290268, 453425 and food-processing standard utility mappings. Attribution: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 92.0, "protein_g": 10.3, "fat_g": 2.24, "saturated_fat_g": 0.99, "carbohydrates_g": 7.43, "sugars_g": 1.05, "fiber_g": 0.53, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.69, "water_g": 76.5 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 92.0, 92.0 ], "protein_g": [ 10.3, 10.3 ], "fat_g": [ 2.24, 2.24 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.99, 0.99 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 7.43, 7.43 ], "sugars_g": [ 1.05, 1.05 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.53, 0.53 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.69, 0.69 ], "water_g": [ 76.5, 76.5 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A02HF", "matched_term_name": "Mussels", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "national", "resolved_country": "FR", "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Pattern A process-based Agribalyse root substitution for canned drained mussel at the French packaging split. Physical inputs from Iribarren et al. 2010 Table 3 per kg commercial canned mussel flesh: 12.7 kg commercial mussels, 0.25 kg edible oil, 14.4 kg water, 1.36 kWh electricity, 2.98 MJ fuel-oil heat, 0.66 kg measured empty-can tinplate represented through existing lci-packaging can component services, 0.1 kg carton board, and 2.070812806 tkm freight. Shell/by-product valorisation is outside the source study scope; fuel-combustion CO2 flows through BAFU heat, not foreground biosphere residuals." }, "repl_5b03c78f3577b84a": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003110165", "name": "canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, recipe at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_canned_mussel_catalan_tomato_sauce_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A02HF", "name": "Mussel" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03542534", "name": "25340 - mussels (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_canned_mussel_catalan_tomato_sauce_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "mussel_in_sauce_recipe_public_norm", "drained_stage_rebasing_not_modelled", "aromatic_vegetable_proxy_onion_garlic", "consumer_oven_reheat_estimated", "salt_vinegar_spices_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open literature (Iribarren 2010), public product declarations, published consumer-energy references, BAFU/UVEK OGD activities, and open tributary composites. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "aquaculture_lci", "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, recipe at plant built from 2 energy / processing, 4 other input, 3 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, recipe at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Process-based stage composite for the Catalan tomato-sauce canned mussel Agribalyse chain, replacing a federated collapse where all five stages resolved to the unrelated plain drained-mussel-in-oil proxy at an identical 6.0295 kg CO2eq/kg. Recipe from open product declarations; canning inventory from Iribarren 2010; energy CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges (Pattern A), no direct biosphere. Stage-specific: at-plant excludes packaging/distribution/retail/consumer. Drained-stage totals are per kg net (reference re-bases to drained weight) and are not inflated to match. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 1.36, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, heavy fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 2.98, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 14.4, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.0144, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "mussel supply, live weight", "amount": 6.985, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (6.985 kilogram) resolved to the aquaculture_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "aquaculture_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (6.985 kilogram) resolved to the aquaculture_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "tomato pulp/passata for sauce", "amount": 0.28, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.28 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.28 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "edible oil for sauce (olive oil; edible-oil proxy)", "amount": 0.055, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "onion for sauce (prepared-vegetable proxy)", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.05 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.05 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "garlic for sauce (prepared-vegetable proxy)", "amount": 0.015, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.015 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.015 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 92.0, "protein_g": 10.3, "fat_g": 2.24, "saturated_fat_g": 0.99, "carbohydrates_g": 7.43, "sugars_g": 1.05, "fiber_g": 0.53, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.69, "water_g": 76.5 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 92.0, 92.0 ], "protein_g": [ 10.3, 10.3 ], "fat_g": [ 2.24, 2.24 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.99, 0.99 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 7.43, 7.43 ], "sugars_g": [ 1.05, 1.05 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.53, 0.53 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.69, 0.69 ], "water_g": [ 76.5, 76.5 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A02HF", "matched_term_name": "Mussels", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "national", "resolved_country": "FR", "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Process-based stage composite for the Catalan tomato-sauce canned mussel Agribalyse chain, replacing a federated collapse where all five stages resolved to the unrelated plain drained-mussel-in-oil proxy at an identical 6.0295 kg CO2eq/kg. Recipe from open product declarations; canning inventory from Iribarren 2010; energy CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges (Pattern A), no direct biosphere. Stage-specific: at-plant excludes packaging/distribution/retail/consumer. Drained-stage totals are per kg net (reference re-bases to drained weight) and are not inflated to match. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides." }, "repl_a4844769418718bd": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003110167", "name": "canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, at packaging", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_canned_mussel_catalan_tomato_sauce_FR_at_packaging" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A02HF", "name": "Mussel" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03542534", "name": "25340 - mussels (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_canned_mussel_catalan_tomato_sauce_FR_at_packaging" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "mussel_in_sauce_recipe_public_norm", "drained_stage_rebasing_not_modelled", "aromatic_vegetable_proxy_onion_garlic", "consumer_oven_reheat_estimated", "salt_vinegar_spices_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open literature (Iribarren 2010), public product declarations, published consumer-energy references, BAFU/UVEK OGD activities, and open tributary composites. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "aquaculture_lci", "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci", "packaging_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, at packaging built from 1 processing input, 4 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, at packaging", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Process-based stage composite for the Catalan tomato-sauce canned mussel Agribalyse chain, replacing a federated collapse where all five stages resolved to the unrelated plain drained-mussel-in-oil proxy at an identical 6.0295 kg CO2eq/kg. Recipe from open product declarations; canning inventory from Iribarren 2010; energy CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges (Pattern A), no direct biosphere. Stage-specific: at-plant excludes packaging/distribution/retail/consumer. Drained-stage totals are per kg net (reference re-bases to drained weight) and are not inflated to match. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides.", "line_items": [ { "name": "canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, recipe, at plant", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "steel can body service", "amount": 6.25, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "packaging_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "steel can lid service", "amount": 6.25, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "packaging_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "steel can paper label service", "amount": 6.25, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "packaging_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "carton board box", "amount": 0.1, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 92.0, "protein_g": 10.3, "fat_g": 2.24, "saturated_fat_g": 0.99, "carbohydrates_g": 7.43, "sugars_g": 1.05, "fiber_g": 0.53, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.69, "water_g": 76.5 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 92.0, 92.0 ], "protein_g": [ 10.3, 10.3 ], "fat_g": [ 2.24, 2.24 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.99, 0.99 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 7.43, 7.43 ], "sugars_g": [ 1.05, 1.05 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.53, 0.53 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.69, 0.69 ], "water_g": [ 76.5, 76.5 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A02HF", "matched_term_name": "Mussels", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "national", "resolved_country": "FR", "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Process-based stage composite for the Catalan tomato-sauce canned mussel Agribalyse chain, replacing a federated collapse where all five stages resolved to the unrelated plain drained-mussel-in-oil proxy at an identical 6.0295 kg CO2eq/kg. Recipe from open product declarations; canning inventory from Iribarren 2010; energy CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges (Pattern A), no direct biosphere. Stage-specific: at-plant excludes packaging/distribution/retail/consumer. Drained-stage totals are per kg net (reference re-bases to drained weight) and are not inflated to match. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides." }, "repl_2bb8c21ae021fc31": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003110166", "name": "canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, at distribution", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_canned_mussel_catalan_tomato_sauce_FR_at_distribution" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A02HF", "name": "Mussel" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03542534", "name": "25340 - mussels (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_canned_mussel_catalan_tomato_sauce_FR_at_distribution" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "mussel_in_sauce_recipe_public_norm", "drained_stage_rebasing_not_modelled", "aromatic_vegetable_proxy_onion_garlic", "consumer_oven_reheat_estimated", "salt_vinegar_spices_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open literature (Iribarren 2010), public product declarations, published consumer-energy references, BAFU/UVEK OGD activities, and open tributary composites. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "aquaculture_lci", "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci", "packaging_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, at distribution built from 1 processing input, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, at distribution", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Process-based stage composite for the Catalan tomato-sauce canned mussel Agribalyse chain, replacing a federated collapse where all five stages resolved to the unrelated plain drained-mussel-in-oil proxy at an identical 6.0295 kg CO2eq/kg. Recipe from open product declarations; canning inventory from Iribarren 2010; energy CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges (Pattern A), no direct biosphere. Stage-specific: at-plant excludes packaging/distribution/retail/consumer. Drained-stage totals are per kg net (reference re-bases to drained weight) and are not inflated to match. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides.", "line_items": [ { "name": "canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, canned, at packaging", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "lorry freight, fleet average", "amount": 0.35, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 92.0, "protein_g": 10.3, "fat_g": 2.24, "saturated_fat_g": 0.99, "carbohydrates_g": 7.43, "sugars_g": 1.05, "fiber_g": 0.53, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.69, "water_g": 76.5 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 92.0, 92.0 ], "protein_g": [ 10.3, 10.3 ], "fat_g": [ 2.24, 2.24 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.99, 0.99 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 7.43, 7.43 ], "sugars_g": [ 1.05, 1.05 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.53, 0.53 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.69, 0.69 ], "water_g": [ 76.5, 76.5 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A02HF", "matched_term_name": "Mussels", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "national", "resolved_country": "FR", "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Process-based stage composite for the Catalan tomato-sauce canned mussel Agribalyse chain, replacing a federated collapse where all five stages resolved to the unrelated plain drained-mussel-in-oil proxy at an identical 6.0295 kg CO2eq/kg. Recipe from open product declarations; canning inventory from Iribarren 2010; energy CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges (Pattern A), no direct biosphere. Stage-specific: at-plant excludes packaging/distribution/retail/consumer. Drained-stage totals are per kg net (reference re-bases to drained weight) and are not inflated to match. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides." }, "repl_b676e0d735a6eb76": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003110168", "name": "canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, at supermarket", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_canned_mussel_catalan_tomato_sauce_FR_at_supermarket" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A02HF", "name": "Mussel" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03542534", "name": "25340 - mussels (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_canned_mussel_catalan_tomato_sauce_FR_at_supermarket" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "mussel_in_sauce_recipe_public_norm", "drained_stage_rebasing_not_modelled", "aromatic_vegetable_proxy_onion_garlic", "consumer_oven_reheat_estimated", "salt_vinegar_spices_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open literature (Iribarren 2010), public product declarations, published consumer-energy references, BAFU/UVEK OGD activities, and open tributary composites. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "aquaculture_lci", "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci", "packaging_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, at supermarket built from 1 energy / processing, 1 other input, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, at supermarket", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Process-based stage composite for the Catalan tomato-sauce canned mussel Agribalyse chain, replacing a federated collapse where all five stages resolved to the unrelated plain drained-mussel-in-oil proxy at an identical 6.0295 kg CO2eq/kg. Recipe from open product declarations; canning inventory from Iribarren 2010; energy CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges (Pattern A), no direct biosphere. Stage-specific: at-plant excludes packaging/distribution/retail/consumer. Drained-stage totals are per kg net (reference re-bases to drained weight) and are not inflated to match. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.000229, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 2.09, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, canned, at distribution", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 92.0, "protein_g": 10.3, "fat_g": 2.24, "saturated_fat_g": 0.99, "carbohydrates_g": 7.43, "sugars_g": 1.05, "fiber_g": 0.53, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.69, "water_g": 76.5 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 92.0, 92.0 ], "protein_g": [ 10.3, 10.3 ], "fat_g": [ 2.24, 2.24 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.99, 0.99 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 7.43, 7.43 ], "sugars_g": [ 1.05, 1.05 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.53, 0.53 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.69, 0.69 ], "water_g": [ 76.5, 76.5 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A02HF", "matched_term_name": "Mussels", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "national", "resolved_country": "FR", "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Process-based stage composite for the Catalan tomato-sauce canned mussel Agribalyse chain, replacing a federated collapse where all five stages resolved to the unrelated plain drained-mussel-in-oil proxy at an identical 6.0295 kg CO2eq/kg. Recipe from open product declarations; canning inventory from Iribarren 2010; energy CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges (Pattern A), no direct biosphere. Stage-specific: at-plant excludes packaging/distribution/retail/consumer. Drained-stage totals are per kg net (reference re-bases to drained weight) and are not inflated to match. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides." }, "repl_6fb80c53744d292e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003110169", "name": "canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, at consumer with oven", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_canned_mussel_catalan_tomato_sauce_FR_at_consumer_oven" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A02HF", "name": "Mussel" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03542534", "name": "25340 - mussels (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_canned_mussel_catalan_tomato_sauce_FR_at_consumer_oven" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "mussel_in_sauce_recipe_public_norm", "drained_stage_rebasing_not_modelled", "aromatic_vegetable_proxy_onion_garlic", "consumer_oven_reheat_estimated", "salt_vinegar_spices_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open literature (Iribarren 2010), public product declarations, published consumer-energy references, BAFU/UVEK OGD activities, and open tributary composites. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "aquaculture_lci", "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci", "packaging_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, at consumer with oven built from 1 energy / processing, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, at consumer with oven", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Process-based stage composite for the Catalan tomato-sauce canned mussel Agribalyse chain, replacing a federated collapse where all five stages resolved to the unrelated plain drained-mussel-in-oil proxy at an identical 6.0295 kg CO2eq/kg. Recipe from open product declarations; canning inventory from Iribarren 2010; energy CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges (Pattern A), no direct biosphere. Stage-specific: at-plant excludes packaging/distribution/retail/consumer. Drained-stage totals are per kg net (reference re-bases to drained weight) and are not inflated to match. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "canned mussels in Catalan tomato sauce, canned, at supermarket", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 92.0, "protein_g": 10.3, "fat_g": 2.24, "saturated_fat_g": 0.99, "carbohydrates_g": 7.43, "sugars_g": 1.05, "fiber_g": 0.53, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.69, "water_g": 76.5 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 92.0, 92.0 ], "protein_g": [ 10.3, 10.3 ], "fat_g": [ 2.24, 2.24 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.99, 0.99 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 7.43, 7.43 ], "sugars_g": [ 1.05, 1.05 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.53, 0.53 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.69, 0.69 ], "water_g": [ 76.5, 76.5 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A02HF", "matched_term_name": "Mussels", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "national", "resolved_country": "FR", "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Process-based stage composite for the Catalan tomato-sauce canned mussel Agribalyse chain, replacing a federated collapse where all five stages resolved to the unrelated plain drained-mussel-in-oil proxy at an identical 6.0295 kg CO2eq/kg. Recipe from open product declarations; canning inventory from Iribarren 2010; energy CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges (Pattern A), no direct biosphere. Stage-specific: at-plant excludes packaging/distribution/retail/consumer. Drained-stage totals are per kg net (reference re-bases to drained weight) and are not inflated to match. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides." }, "repl_a33c348f4c9ac500": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003116088", "name": "plain canned tuna, drained, landed-fish supply + canning utilities", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_canned_tuna_plain_drained_at_packaging_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Tuna, plain, canned, drained, processing and landed-fish supply, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A02DX", "name": "Tuna" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_8003", "name": "tuna" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03542417", "name": "24170 - tuna (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_canned_tuna_plain_drained_at_packaging_FR" }, "note": "Process-based composite from open tuna-fishery and tuna-cannery literature. Fishing fuel, vessel steel, transport, canning utilities, water, wastewater, and salt are itemized as physical technosphere exchanges; no proprietary flow list or calibrated CO2 residual is used." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram plain canned tuna, drained, landed-fish supply + canning utilities built from 2 energy / processing, 4 other input, 1 field operations, 1 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram plain canned tuna, drained, landed-fish supply + canning utilities", "derivation": "1 kg plain canned tuna, drained, France Pattern A process-based Agribalyse root substitution for the plain canned-tuna intermediate, 1 kg drained product, France. Physical inputs are authored from open literature: 2.6 kg whole landed tuna, 33.146464 MJ fishing diesel proxy after 0.85 economic co-product allocation, 0.019227 kg vessel-steel proxy after the same allocation, 31.2 tkm frozen-tuna sea freight, 0.282229704 kWh FR cannery electricity, 6.683501684 MJ natural-gas process heat, 12.626262626 kg process water, 0.012626263 m3 wastewater, and 0.0035 kg sodium chloride. Primary steel-can packaging is excluded to avoid double-counting the parent lci-packaging branch. Sanity GWP is 4.184 kg CO2eq/kg before the separate packaging branch; this is not a calibration target.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.28223, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.282229704 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.28223 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.282229704 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.28223 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 6.683502, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 6.683501684 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 6.683502 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 6.683501684 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 6.683502 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 12.626263, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.012626, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Diesel, burned in diesel-electric generating set - purse-seine tuna fishing fuel proxy", "amount": 33.146464, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "field operations", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Steel, low-alloyed, at plant - vessel hull/engine proxy", "amount": 0.019227, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, transoceanic container ship - frozen tuna to French cannery", "amount": 31.2, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium chloride, powder - plain brine salt", "amount": 0.0035, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field operations", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg plain canned tuna, drained, France", "boundary": "Landed/frozen tuna supply plus French canning utilities and brine salt through the Agribalyse at-packaging split. Excludes primary steel-can packaging and secondary packaging because the parent record carries a separate lci-packaging branch.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The Agribalyse intermediate reference product is plain canned tuna on a drained-mass basis." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "All authored amounts come from open literature and BAFU/UVEK OGD-compatible activities; no ecoinvent flow-level data is redistributed.", "citations": [ { "handle": "hospido-tyedmers-2005", "text": "Hospido and Tyedmers 2005, Life cycle environmental impacts of Spanish tuna fisheries. Fisheries Research 76(2):174-186. DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2005.05.016." }, { "handle": "hospido-2006-canned-tuna", "text": "Hospido, Vazquez, Cuevas, Feijoo and Moreira 2006, Environmental assessment of canned tuna manufacture with a life-cycle perspective. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 47(1):56-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2005.10.003." }, { "handle": "cowi-unep-2000-fish-processing", "text": "COWI Consulting Engineers and Planners AS for UNEP DTIE 2000, Cleaner Production Assessment in Fish Processing, Figure 2-8 and Chapter 3 canning sub-stage tables." }, { "handle": "noaa-2021-tuna-canning-review", "text": "NOAA Marine Fisheries Review 83(3-4), Processing Tuna, Scombridae, for Canning: A Review; process boundary from frozen fish receiving through retorting, labeling, and casing." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK Database 2025 activities 316704, 185969, 536415, 269314, 252893, 227940, 510767, and 139127. Attribution: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 144.0, "protein_g": 24.0, "fat_g": 5.38, "saturated_fat_g": 1.19, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.12, "water_g": 66.6 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 144.0, 144.0 ], "protein_g": [ 24.0, 24.0 ], "fat_g": [ 5.38, 5.38 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 1.19, 1.19 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.12, 0.12 ], "water_g": [ 66.6, 66.6 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A02DX", "matched_term_name": "Tuna", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "national", "resolved_country": "FR", "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Pattern A process-based Agribalyse root substitution for the plain canned-tuna intermediate, 1 kg drained product, France. Physical inputs are authored from open literature: 2.6 kg whole landed tuna, 33.146464 MJ fishing diesel proxy after 0.85 economic co-product allocation, 0.019227 kg vessel-steel proxy after the same allocation, 31.2 tkm frozen-tuna sea freight, 0.282229704 kWh FR cannery electricity, 6.683501684 MJ natural-gas process heat, 12.626262626 kg process water, 0.012626263 m3 wastewater, and 0.0035 kg sodium chloride. Primary steel-can packaging is excluded to avoid double-counting the parent lci-packaging branch. Sanity GWP is 4.184 kg CO2eq/kg before the separate packaging branch; this is not a calibration target." }, "repl_add3ac90beb18dd8": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/bdb3d4c833d14897b35ee33ae7277d93", "name": "rehydrated soy protein production, warm-water hydration of dry textured soy", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_rehydration_rehydrated_soy_protein_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Rehydrated textured soy protein, warm-water hydration, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A03TF", "name": "Soyabean-based meat imitates" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01BG", "name": "Soya proteins" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ], "time": { "start": "2020", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_rehydration_rehydrated_soy_protein_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram rehydrated soy protein production, warm-water hydration of dry textured soy built from 2 energy / processing, 6 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram rehydrated soy protein production, warm-water hydration of dry textured soy", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Textured Soy Protein Juice production (bdb3d4c833d14897b35ee33ae7277d93, RER): chained cascade (rehydration). GWP metadata ≈ 0.2053 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0135 processing + 0.1918 upstream textured_soy_protein). Rehydration: Agitated warm-water hydration tank for dry textured protein (Singh 1980 agitator-derived) (0.00047 kWh, 0.0883 MJ/kg juice). Rehydration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Rehydration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.000469, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "textured_protein rehydration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "singh_1980" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "textured_protein rehydration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.602564, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "textured_protein rehydration water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "singh_1980" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "textured_protein rehydration water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.088282, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "textured_protein rehydration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "singh_1980" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "textured_protein rehydration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "textured_protein rehydration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "textured_protein rehydration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "textured_protein rehydration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "textured_protein rehydration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "textured_protein rehydration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "textured_protein rehydration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "textured_protein rehydration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "textured_protein rehydration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "textured_protein rehydration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "textured_protein rehydration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "textured soy protein, dehydrated, from defatted soy flour, at plant", "amount": 0.397436, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 336.0, "protein_g": 49.45, "fat_g": 1.01, "saturated_fat_g": 0.14, "carbohydrates_g": 17.2, "sugars_g": 5.1, "fiber_g": 6.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 2.25, "water_g": 2.7199999995529653 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 273.0, 884.0 ], "protein_g": [ 43.2, 63.599998474121094 ], "fat_g": [ 0.46000000834465027, 5.4 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.05000000074505806, 0.7 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 32.5 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 20.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 16.6 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 11.1 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 5.67 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A01BG", "matched_term_name": "Soya proteins", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 5, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Textured Soy Protein Juice production (bdb3d4c833d14897b35ee33ae7277d93, RER): chained cascade (rehydration). GWP metadata ≈ 0.2053 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0135 processing + 0.1918 upstream textured_soy_protein). Rehydration: Agitated warm-water hydration tank for dry textured protein (Singh 1980 agitator-derived) (0.00047 kWh, 0.0883 MJ/kg juice). Rehydration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Rehydration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_71008b297d12574e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/bba0fb0267ac4f23aba0f1802b3dd23e_copy12", "name": "orange juice concentrate production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation + multi effect evaporation concentration", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "orange juice concentrate, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03311343" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "sense_d2_1_2013", "text": "SENSE project D2.1 2013 (food LCA inventory)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "stoessel_fruits_veg" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentrate production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation + multi effect evaporation concentration built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentrate production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation + multi effect evaporation concentration", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Orange Juice production (copy12, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation → concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.7523 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Italian orange cold-press plant (Beccali 2009) (0.13606 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange HTST pasteurisation (0.09106 kWh, 2.0736 MJ/kg juice). Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.16813 kWh, 8.7617 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Spanish Zuvamesa juice plant CIP overhead (source: sense_d2_1_2013, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 8.761714, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.168125, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 14.650893, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 14.650893, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 4.803571, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "orange juice, pasteurised", "amount": 5.803571, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (copy12, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation → concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.7523 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Italian orange cold-press plant (Beccali 2009) (0.13606 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange HTST pasteurisation (0.09106 kWh, 2.0736 MJ/kg juice). Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.16813 kWh, 8.7617 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Spanish Zuvamesa juice plant CIP overhead (source: sense_d2_1_2013, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_59b40d85a05ab0b1": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003103740", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, BR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "BRA", "name": "Brazil" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103740, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103740, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_24c79642f6676b13": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/AGRIBALU000000003103740", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, BR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "BRA", "name": "Brazil" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103740, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103740, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_11063771565b5385": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003103741", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, CO", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "COL", "name": "Colombia" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103741, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103741, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_82d5fa2f1b507487": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/AGRIBALU000000003103741", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, CO", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "COL", "name": "Colombia" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103741, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103741, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_ab1e7f16ce271387": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003103742", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, CR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "CRI", "name": "Costa Rica" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103742, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103742, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_7e3d1b9dd41586c3": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/AGRIBALU000000003103742", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, CR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "CRI", "name": "Costa Rica" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103742, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103742, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_041611c4ea8e8874": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003103743", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, EC", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "ECU", "name": "Ecuador" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103743, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103743, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_0d16baa5fdeecdda": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/AGRIBALU000000003103743", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, EC", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "ECU", "name": "Ecuador" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103743, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103743, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_6bb318babe3e6c61": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003103744", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103744, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103744, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_aa89e9dfd16fd763": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/AGRIBALU000000003103744", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103744, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103744, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_2471e2d69bfe6864": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003103745", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, IL", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "ISR", "name": "Israel" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103745, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103745, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_d37a6b977926c38c": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/AGRIBALU000000003103745", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, IL", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "ISR", "name": "Israel" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103745, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103745, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_7f2c5378b895cadb": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003103746", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, IT", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "ITA", "name": "Italy" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103746, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103746, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_474fe5763036b59e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/AGRIBALU000000003103746", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, IT", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "ITA", "name": "Italy" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103746, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103746, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_39b6d07c09cf301f": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003103747", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, KE", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "KEN", "name": "Kenya" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103747, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103747, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_01e057e5ca7cc69d": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/AGRIBALU000000003103747", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, KE", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "KEN", "name": "Kenya" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103747, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103747, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_8a5a7ec9e3615f10": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003103748", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, MX", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "MEX", "name": "Mexico" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103748, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103748, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_387b7dc41d052209": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/AGRIBALU000000003103748", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, MX", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "MEX", "name": "Mexico" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103748, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103748, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_e62aa5e616006249": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003103749", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, PE", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "PER", "name": "Peru" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103749, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103749, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_e9eb98c7cb605c38": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/AGRIBALU000000003103749", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, PE", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "PER", "name": "Peru" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103749, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103749, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_1c09f2101b645078": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003103750", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, RAF", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RAF", "name": "Africa" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103750, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103750, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_69822df945495385": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/AGRIBALU000000003103750", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, RAF", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RAF", "name": "Africa" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103750, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103750, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_a7eeddf0ea5344c6": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003103751", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, TH", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "THA", "name": "Thailand" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103751, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103751, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_7f05a4729033e3dd": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/AGRIBALU000000003103751", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, TH", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "THA", "name": "Thailand" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103751, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103751, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_f97fa8a48c2e5098": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003103752", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, US", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "USA", "name": "United States" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103752, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103752, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_b955c98136149ecc": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/AGRIBALU000000003103752", "name": "orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed, processing only, US", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01CR", "name": "Oranges" }, { "ns": "iso3", "id": "USA", "name": "United States" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541436", "name": "14360 - oranges, sweet (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_orange_juice_concentrate_80_water_removed_RER" }, "note": "Process-based single-stage multi-effect evaporation inventory from open physical utility data. Natural-gas heat, electricity, cooling water and condensate are itemized; the single-strength juice feed remains an unbound mass-balance sentinel. No upstream juice-production burden or calibrated residual is included." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram orange juice concentration and cooling, 80 percent water removed", "derivation": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103752, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.474343, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.085856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 7.481768, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 2.453039, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "orange concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg concentrated orange juice after evaporating 80 percent of the incoming single-strength juice water, at plant", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate concentration and cooling only. Includes the evaporator utilities and the cascade's existing support-flow fallbacks; excludes production of the single-strength juice, orange cultivation, extraction, pasteurisation, packaging, transport, distribution and use.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The published process identity fixes one kilogram of concentrate and defines the transformation as removal of 80 percent of the incoming juice water." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical process inputs come from opened public literature and Codex; background utilities use the BAFU/UVEK public-data catalogue. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "beccali-2009-citrus-lci", "text": "Beccali M., Cellura M., Iudicello M. and Mistretta M. (2009), Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-Based Products, Environmental Management 43:707-724, doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y." }, { "handle": "codex-cxs-247-2005", "text": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2026", "text": "BAFU/UVEK LCI database, BAFU-2026 v1, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Orange Juice production (AGRIBALU000000003103752, RER): chained cascade (concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2876 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange multi-effect evaporation (0.08586 kWh, 4.4743 MJ/kg juice). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Open process basis: Codex CXS 247-2005 minimum orange juice Brix 11.2; the Agribalyse process phrase is interpreted literally as removing 80 percent of incoming juice water, giving 3.453 kg single-strength juice and 2.453 kg water evaporated per kg concentrate. Beccali et al. 2009 reports Sicilian orange multi-effect concentration equipment rates: 1.824 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.035 kWh electricity, and 3.05 kg cooling water per kg water evaporated. SENSE D2.1 and ASHRAE are used only as process and range cross-checks; no restricted flow-level data copied.." }, "repl_19b9f015a34ed1b6": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f224499525344b2fae5e97c99a5995a1", "name": "cranberry juice production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_cranberry_juice_CA" }, "sediment": { "intent": "cranberry juice, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301671" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "cranberry-juices" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_cranberry_juice_CA" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "sense_d2_1_2013", "text": "SENSE project D2.1 2013 (food LCA inventory)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram cranberry juice production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram cranberry juice production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Cranberry Juice production (f224499525344b2fae5e97c99a5995a1, CA): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0398 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009) (0.01150 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.01663 kWh, 0.2808 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Spanish Zuvamesa juice plant CIP overhead (source: sense_d2_1_2013, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.2808, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.01663, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 0.4222, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.4222, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "cranberry juice, extracted", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 46.0, "protein_g": 0.39, "fat_g": 0.13, "saturated_fat_g": 0.01, "carbohydrates_g": 12.2, "sugars_g": 12.1, "fiber_g": 0.1, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 87.13 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 46.0, 46.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.39, 0.39 ], "fat_g": [ 0.13, 0.13 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.01, 0.01 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 12.2, 12.2 ], "sugars_g": [ 12.1, 12.1 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.1, 0.1 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 87.13, 87.13 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Cranberry juice", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.821, "embedding_distance": 0.179, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'cranberry juice' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Cranberry Juice production (f224499525344b2fae5e97c99a5995a1, CA): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0398 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009) (0.01150 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.01663 kWh, 0.2808 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Spanish Zuvamesa juice plant CIP overhead (source: sense_d2_1_2013, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_6681b99230449fee": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/d27758371f964c62acdac029b2680dca_copy2", "name": "black currant juice concentrate production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation + six effect evaporation concentration", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_black_currant_juice_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "black currant juice concentrate, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "hestia", "id": "concentrateJrl807" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "b7664c9f-f77c-4d6a-91ca-816492a2854c" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_black_currant_juice_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "sense_d2_1_2013", "text": "SENSE project D2.1 2013 (food LCA inventory)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.6, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram black currant juice concentrate production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation + six effect evaporation concentration built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram black currant juice concentrate production, cold press extraction + htst pasteurisation + six effect evaporation concentration", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Black Currant Juice production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation → concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.3121 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009) (0.09200 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.09827 kWh, 1.6593 MJ/kg juice). Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.02180 kWh, 2.4005 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Spanish Zuvamesa juice plant CIP overhead (source: sense_d2_1_2013, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.400545, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "apple concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.021796, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "apple concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 5.4, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 5.4, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 4.909091, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "apple concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "black_currant juice, pasteurised", "amount": 5.909091, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Black Currant Juice production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation → concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.3121 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Italian lemon cold-press plant (Beccali 2009) (0.09200 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.09827 kWh, 1.6593 MJ/kg juice). Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.02180 kWh, 2.4005 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Spanish Zuvamesa juice plant CIP overhead (source: sense_d2_1_2013, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_55f07959b339aca6": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/d27758371f964c62acdac029b2680dca_copy4", "name": "bell pepper juice concentrate production, hpx press extraction + htst pasteurisation + multi effect evaporation concentration", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_bell_pepper_juice_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "bell pepper juice concentrate, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "hestia", "id": "concentrateJrl807" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "b7664c9f-f77c-4d6a-91ca-816492a2854c" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_bell_pepper_juice_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "le_feon_2023", "text": "Le Feon et al. 2023 (organic juice line CIP)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.6, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram bell pepper juice concentrate production, hpx press extraction + htst pasteurisation + multi effect evaporation concentration built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram bell pepper juice concentrate production, hpx press extraction + htst pasteurisation + multi effect evaporation concentration", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Bell Pepper Juice production (copy4, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation → concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.4149 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Zimmer 2017 HPX direct juice (Bucher Unipektin) (0.02750 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.10809 kWh, 1.8252 MJ/kg juice). Concentration: Turkish pepper paste plant evaporator (Adal 2024) (0.08250 kWh, 4.0315 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Small-scale organic apple juice line CIP overhead (source: le_feon_2023, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Mohamed et al. (2017) Int. J. Dairy Sci. 12:227-235 (juice Brix); Ding et al. (2024) Food Sci. Nutr. + tomato spiral-press literature (press yield analogue); Filho et al. (1984) FCOJ + apple-juice references (multi-effect evaporator energy).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.0315, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "pepper concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adal_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0825, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "pepper concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adal_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 12.65, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "pepper concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adal_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 12.65, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "pepper concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adal_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 5.5, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "pepper concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adal_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "pepper concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "pepper concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "pepper concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "pepper concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "pepper concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "pepper concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "bell_pepper juice, pasteurised", "amount": 6.5, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Bell Pepper Juice production (copy4, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation → concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.4149 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Zimmer 2017 HPX direct juice (Bucher Unipektin) (0.02750 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.10809 kWh, 1.8252 MJ/kg juice). Concentration: Turkish pepper paste plant evaporator (Adal 2024) (0.08250 kWh, 4.0315 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Small-scale organic apple juice line CIP overhead (source: le_feon_2023, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Mohamed et al. (2017) Int. J. Dairy Sci. 12:227-235 (juice Brix); Ding et al. (2024) Food Sci. Nutr. + tomato spiral-press literature (press yield analogue); Filho et al. (1984) FCOJ + apple-juice references (multi-effect evaporator energy)." }, "repl_d3a5cebe7bcb9a1d": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/44c0dbf97483463b825c2f8a6ddb3b61", "name": "rice milk production, enzymatic wet chain plant drink processing + htst pasteurisation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_rice_drink_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "rice milk, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "hestia", "id": "riceMilk" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "rice-milk-chocolates" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03311386" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_rice_drink_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "floren_2013", "text": "Floren et al. 2013 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram rice milk production, enzymatic wet chain plant drink processing + htst pasteurisation built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram rice milk production, enzymatic wet chain plant drink processing + htst pasteurisation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Rice Drink production (44c0dbf97483463b825c2f8a6ddb3b61, RER): chained cascade (plant_drink_processing → pasteurisation). GWP metadata ≈ 0.1714 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0629 processing + 0.1085 upstream rice). Plant_Drink_Processing: Oatly Landskrona aseptic line (Floren 2013, SIK Report 831) (0.04390 kWh, 0.1840 MJ/kg drink). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.01663 kWh, 0.2808 MJ/kg drink). Plant_Drink_Processing CIP overhead: Oatly Landskrona UHT aseptic line CIP overhead (source: floren_2013, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Plant_Drink_Processing infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.2808, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.01663, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 0.4222, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.4222, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rice drink, plant_drink_processing", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 47.0, "protein_g": 0.28, "fat_g": 0.97, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 9.17, "sugars_g": 5.28, "fiber_g": 0.3, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.09906000000000001, "water_g": 89.3 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 47.0, 55.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.14, 0.28 ], "fat_g": [ 0.9, 0.97 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.48 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 9.17, 11.52 ], "sugars_g": [ 5.28, 5.74 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.3 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.09906000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 87.4, 89.3 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Rice milk", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 0.922, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 2, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.727, "embedding_distance": 0.273, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'rice milk beverage' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Rice Drink production (44c0dbf97483463b825c2f8a6ddb3b61, RER): chained cascade (plant_drink_processing → pasteurisation). GWP metadata ≈ 0.1714 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0629 processing + 0.1085 upstream rice). Plant_Drink_Processing: Oatly Landskrona aseptic line (Floren 2013, SIK Report 831) (0.04390 kWh, 0.1840 MJ/kg drink). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.01663 kWh, 0.2808 MJ/kg drink). Plant_Drink_Processing CIP overhead: Oatly Landskrona UHT aseptic line CIP overhead (source: floren_2013, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Plant_Drink_Processing infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_14b9cc72f0a28a8a": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/362128c3855548efb69a5df6041b130c", "name": "soy drink production, non enzymatic wet chain plant drink processing + htst pasteurisation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_soybean_drink_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "soybean beverage/milk, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "deb4f70c-bf2a-4cd3-bc3b-c71af8820da3" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "B1452" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301415" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_soybean_drink_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "floren_2013", "text": "Floren et al. 2013 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram soy drink production, non enzymatic wet chain plant drink processing + htst pasteurisation built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram soy drink production, non enzymatic wet chain plant drink processing + htst pasteurisation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Soybean Drink production (362128c3855548efb69a5df6041b130c, RER): chained cascade (plant_drink_processing → pasteurisation). GWP metadata ≈ 0.1924 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0786 processing + 0.1139 upstream soybean). Plant_Drink_Processing: Belgian soy beverage processor (Grant 2018 SI Table S3, citing Ercin 2012) (0.00000 kWh, 0.7200 MJ/kg drink). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.01663 kWh, 0.2808 MJ/kg drink). Plant_Drink_Processing CIP overhead: Oatly Landskrona UHT aseptic line CIP overhead (source: floren_2013, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Plant_Drink_Processing infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.2808, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.01663, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 0.4222, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.4222, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "soybean drink, plant_drink_processing", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 349.99560628, "protein_g": 32.936802666666665, "fat_g": 14.5, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 12.79, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 2.8, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.008978900000000001, "water_g": 8.52 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 39.090909090909115, 446.0 ], "protein_g": [ 3.0, 42.5 ], "fat_g": [ 0.08264462809917356, 19.94 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.29 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 3.9, 30.16 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 5.3398 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 16.6 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.06096 ], "water_g": [ 5.51, 12.7 ] }, "match_tier": "glossary_name", "matched_term": "ecoinvent:deb4f70c-bf2a-4cd3-bc3b-c71af8820da3", "matched_term_name": "soybean", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 15, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "bridged via esfc-glossary: foodon:FOODON_03301415 -> 'soybean' -> ecoinvent:deb4f70c-bf2a-4cd3-bc3b-c71af8820da3" ] }, "notes": "Soybean Drink production (362128c3855548efb69a5df6041b130c, RER): chained cascade (plant_drink_processing → pasteurisation). GWP metadata ≈ 0.1924 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0786 processing + 0.1139 upstream soybean). Plant_Drink_Processing: Belgian soy beverage processor (Grant 2018 SI Table S3, citing Ercin 2012) (0.00000 kWh, 0.7200 MJ/kg drink). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.01663 kWh, 0.2808 MJ/kg drink). Plant_Drink_Processing CIP overhead: Oatly Landskrona UHT aseptic line CIP overhead (source: floren_2013, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Plant_Drink_Processing infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_366912620a821422": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f71a7a373b142faef527f73800b052f7_copy2", "name": "soy drink production, non enzymatic wet chain plant drink processing + htst pasteurisation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_soybean_drink_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "soybean beverage/milk, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "deb4f70c-bf2a-4cd3-bc3b-c71af8820da3" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "B1452" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301415" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_soybean_drink_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "floren_2013", "text": "Floren et al. 2013 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram soy drink production, non enzymatic wet chain plant drink processing + htst pasteurisation built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram soy drink production, non enzymatic wet chain plant drink processing + htst pasteurisation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Soybean Drink production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (plant_drink_processing → pasteurisation). GWP metadata ≈ 0.1924 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0786 processing + 0.1139 upstream soybean). Plant_Drink_Processing: Belgian soy beverage processor (Grant 2018 SI Table S3, citing Ercin 2012) (0.00000 kWh, 0.7200 MJ/kg drink). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.01663 kWh, 0.2808 MJ/kg drink). Plant_Drink_Processing CIP overhead: Oatly Landskrona UHT aseptic line CIP overhead (source: floren_2013, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Plant_Drink_Processing infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.2808, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.01663, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 0.4222, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.4222, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "soybean drink, plant_drink_processing", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 349.99560628, "protein_g": 32.936802666666665, "fat_g": 14.5, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 12.79, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 2.8, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.008978900000000001, "water_g": 8.52 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 39.090909090909115, 446.0 ], "protein_g": [ 3.0, 42.5 ], "fat_g": [ 0.08264462809917356, 19.94 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.29 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 3.9, 30.16 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 5.3398 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 16.6 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.06096 ], "water_g": [ 5.51, 12.7 ] }, "match_tier": "glossary_name", "matched_term": "ecoinvent:deb4f70c-bf2a-4cd3-bc3b-c71af8820da3", "matched_term_name": "soybean", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 15, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "bridged via esfc-glossary: foodon:FOODON_03301415 -> 'soybean' -> ecoinvent:deb4f70c-bf2a-4cd3-bc3b-c71af8820da3" ] }, "notes": "Soybean Drink production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (plant_drink_processing → pasteurisation). GWP metadata ≈ 0.1924 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0786 processing + 0.1139 upstream soybean). Plant_Drink_Processing: Belgian soy beverage processor (Grant 2018 SI Table S3, citing Ercin 2012) (0.00000 kWh, 0.7200 MJ/kg drink). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.01663 kWh, 0.2808 MJ/kg drink). Plant_Drink_Processing CIP overhead: Oatly Landskrona UHT aseptic line CIP overhead (source: floren_2013, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Plant_Drink_Processing infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_7c8e7e12904d00e4": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/153fe1475916acabf2ad62f3b86d8795", "name": "cottonseed crude oil production, prepress solvent cottonseed oil extraction", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_cottonseed_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "cottonseed oil, crude, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "6051f864-9708-4f2d-8f3d-9cb7a3f75261" }, { "ns": "cpc", "id": "21681" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_cottonseed_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram cottonseed crude oil production, prepress solvent cottonseed oil extraction built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input, 1 seed; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram cottonseed crude oil production, prepress solvent cottonseed oil extraction", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Cottonseed Oil production (153fe1475916acabf2ad62f3b86d8795, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). GWP metadata ≈ 0.9607 kg CO2eq/kg (0.1284 processing + 0.8323 upstream cottonseed). Oil_Extraction: Cottonseed delinting, hulling, pre-press and solvent extraction mill (0.08155 kWh, 1.8119 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: ifeu (2022) Environmental Footprints of Cotton and Cotton Fibres Section 3.4Prado et al. (2021) Table A1; NOPA (2024) Life Cycle Inventory Data Tables 3-1 to 3-6Hise (1980) Cottonseed Oil Mill Simulation Model p. 24.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.081548, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "cottonseed oil_extraction electricity_kwh: [GAP-FILLED] NOPA Life Cycle Inventory Data, Table 3-1: 35.15 kWh/tonne soybeans for 52 U.S. solvent-extraction crushing plants. Applied as a modern solvent oilseed-crushing utility proxy for cottonseed.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "cottonseed oil_extraction electricity_kwh: [GAP-FILLED] NOPA Life Cycle Inventory Data, Table 3-1: 35.15 kWh/tonne soybeans for 52 U.S. solvent-extraction crushing plants. Applied as a modern solvent oilseed-crushing utility proxy for cottonseed.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.81192, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "cottonseed oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: [GAP-FILLED] NOPA Life Cycle Inventory Data, Table 3-3: total LHV thermal energy 781 MJ/tonne soybeans across natural gas, coal, fuel oil, and landfill gas. Modelled as BAFU natural-gas heat per food-processing Pattern A convention.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "cottonseed oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: [GAP-FILLED] NOPA Life Cycle Inventory Data, Table 3-3: total LHV thermal energy 781 MJ/tonne soybeans across natural gas, coal, fuel oil, and landfill gas. Modelled as BAFU natural-gas heat per food-processing Pattern A convention.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.334, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "cottonseed oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED] NOPA Life Cycle Inventory Data, Table 3-5: 152 gal/tonne = 575 L/tonne water consumption for crushing.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "cottonseed oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED] NOPA Life Cycle Inventory Data, Table 3-5: 152 gal/tonne = 575 L/tonne water consumption for crushing.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00087, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "cottonseed oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED] NOPA Life Cycle Inventory Data, Table 3-6: 99 gal/tonne = 375 L/tonne wastewater discharge for crushing.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "cottonseed oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED] NOPA Life Cycle Inventory Data, Table 3-6: 99 gal/tonne = 375 L/tonne wastewater discharge for crushing.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.005752, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "cottonseed oil_extraction hexane_kg: USDA/Texas Tech cottonseed oil mill simulation guide, p. 24: pre-press/direct-solvent mills usually have hexane loss around one gallon per ton of seed processed. Converted with 1 US gal = 3.785411784 L and hexane density 0.655 kg/L.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "hise_1980" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "cottonseed oil_extraction hexane_kg: USDA/Texas Tech cottonseed oil mill simulation guide, p. 24: pre-press/direct-solvent mills usually have hexane loss around one gallon per ton of seed processed. Converted with 1 US gal = 3.785411784 L and hexane density 0.655 kg/L.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane", "amount": 0.005752, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "cottonseed oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg because make-up solvent equals evaporative solvent loss to air in the model boundary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "hise_1980" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "cottonseed oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg because make-up solvent equals evaporative solvent loss to air in the model boundary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000405, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "cottonseed oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "spinelli_2012" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "cottonseed oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "cottonseed oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adenan_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "cottonseed oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Cotton seed, at regional storehouse (BAFU 307586, US)", "amount": 2.32, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "cottonseed oil_extraction co-product allocation (factor 0.5800, economic)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "cottonseed oil_extraction co-product allocation (factor 0.5800, economic)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 900.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 100.0, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 0.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 883.0, 900.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fat_g": [ 100.0, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 21.06 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Cottonseed oil", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 0.99, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 2, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 1.0, "embedding_distance": 0.0, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'cottonseed oil' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Cottonseed Oil production (153fe1475916acabf2ad62f3b86d8795, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). GWP metadata ≈ 0.9607 kg CO2eq/kg (0.1284 processing + 0.8323 upstream cottonseed). Oil_Extraction: Cottonseed delinting, hulling, pre-press and solvent extraction mill (0.08155 kWh, 1.8119 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: ifeu (2022) Environmental Footprints of Cotton and Cotton Fibres Section 3.4Prado et al. (2021) Table A1; NOPA (2024) Life Cycle Inventory Data Tables 3-1 to 3-6Hise (1980) Cottonseed Oil Mill Simulation Model p. 24." }, "repl_70d3ae10c387e260": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/1c9ca8193a89249f218a958ef99db6db_copy1", "name": "soybean crude oil production, solvent extraction", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_soybean_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "soybean oil, crude, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "a139bc38-bdfb-471d-8a42-97bc8939ee82" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_soybean_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.75, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram soybean crude oil production, solvent extraction built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram soybean crude oil production, solvent extraction", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Soybean Oil production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0397 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Modern soybean solvent extraction plant (Demarco & Gibon 2020, Desmet Ballestra) (0.02490 kWh, 0.5618 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0249, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Inline text Section 2 (p. 2): 'steam consumption <= 250 kg/t and power consumption <= 25 kWh/t'. Prep <=20, extraction <=5 kWh/t.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Inline text Section 2 (p. 2): 'steam consumption <= 250 kg/t and power consumption <= 25 kWh/t'. Prep <=20, extraction <=5 kWh/t.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.561753, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Inline text Section 2: steam <= 250 kg/t seed. Converted: 0.250 kg steam/kg x 2.257 MJ/kg steam (Carre 2012 Table 3, 3 bar saturated) = 0.564 MJ/kg seed.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Inline text Section 2: steam <= 250 kg/t seed. Converted: 0.250 kg steam/kg x 2.257 MJ/kg steam (Carre 2012 Table 3, 3 bar saturated) = 0.564 MJ/kg seed.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000458, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_kg: Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_kg: Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.572709, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000374, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane", "amount": 0.000458, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000405, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "spinelli_2012" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adenan_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 900.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 100.0, "saturated_fat_g": 14.7, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 0.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 900.0, 900.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fat_g": [ 100.0, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 14.7, 14.7 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Soybean oil", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 1.0, "embedding_distance": 0.0, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'soybean oil' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Soybean Oil production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0397 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Modern soybean solvent extraction plant (Demarco & Gibon 2020, Desmet Ballestra) (0.02490 kWh, 0.5618 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_77746f1dcd4d224e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/89b1a4981c4ae98364bc0e59b87617e9_copy1", "name": "soybean crude oil production, organic, extruding-expelling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_soybean_organic_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "soybean oil, crude, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "a139bc38-bdfb-471d-8a42-97bc8939ee82" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_soybean_organic_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram soybean crude oil production, organic, extruding-expelling built from 2 energy / processing, 6 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram soybean crude oil production, organic, extruding-expelling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Soybean Organic Oil production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2841 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Soybean dry extruding + expelling pilot plant (Cheng et al. 2018, Iowa State / Insta-Pro design class) (0.86569 kWh, 0.0031 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.865692, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 6.22 kWh/kg soybean oil. Converted to per kg seed using Table 1 mass balance (24278.18 kg/h seed -> 3235.02 kg/h oil = 13.33% oil yield): 6.22 x 0.1333 = 0.829 kWh/kg seed. Min/max bracket pilot vs commercial extruder ranges.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 6.22 kWh/kg soybean oil. Converted to per kg seed using Table 1 mass balance (24278.18 kg/h seed -> 3235.02 kg/h oil = 13.33% oil yield): 6.22 x 0.1333 = 0.829 kWh/kg seed. Min/max bracket pilot vs commercial extruder ranges.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.003133, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 0.01 kg steam/kg soybean oil. Converted: 0.01 kg steam/kg oil x 0.1333 kg oil/kg seed = 0.00133 kg steam/kg seed. At 2.257 MJ/kg steam: 0.00133 x 2.257 = 0.003 MJ/kg seed.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 0.01 kg steam/kg soybean oil. Converted: 0.01 kg steam/kg oil x 0.1333 kg oil/kg seed = 0.00133 kg steam/kg seed. At 2.257 MJ/kg steam: 0.00133 x 2.257 = 0.003 MJ/kg seed.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.076753, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 1787 kg/h water input at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.0736 kg/kg seed. Mass index also 0.55 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.0734 kg/kg seed (Fig. 4 cross-check).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 1787 kg/h water input at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.0736 kg/kg seed. Mass index also 0.55 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.0734 kg/kg seed (Fig. 4 cross-check).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000118, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): wastewater 2156.31 + sewage 412.70 = 2569.01 kg/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.1058 kg/kg seed. Mass index 0.72 wastewater + 0.13 sewage = 0.85 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.1133 kg/kg seed (Fig. 7 cross-check; adopted).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): wastewater 2156.31 + sewage 412.70 = 2569.01 kg/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.1058 kg/kg seed. Mass index 0.72 wastewater + 0.13 sewage = 0.85 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.1133 kg/kg seed (Fig. 7 cross-check; adopted).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Phosphoric acid, industrial grade, 85% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000345, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction phosphoric_acid_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 8.00 kg H3PO4/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.000329 kg/kg seed. Used for water degumming of crude oil prior to storage.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction phosphoric_acid_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 8.00 kg H3PO4/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.000329 kg/kg seed. Used for water degumming of crude oil prior to storage.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000405, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "spinelli_2012" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adenan_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "soybean, organic market, modelled", "amount": 1.044261, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction co-product allocation (factor 0.1392, mass)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction co-product allocation (factor 0.1392, mass)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 900.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 100.0, "saturated_fat_g": 14.7, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 0.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 900.0, 900.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fat_g": [ 100.0, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 14.7, 14.7 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Soybean oil", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 1.0, "embedding_distance": 0.0, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'soybean oil' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Soybean Organic Oil production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2841 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Soybean dry extruding + expelling pilot plant (Cheng et al. 2018, Iowa State / Insta-Pro design class) (0.86569 kWh, 0.0031 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_ff311c11b1c6f84b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/cc4e468cae1f7558ac1af738ce7d4ecc_copy2", "name": "refined organic soybean oil production, extruding expelling oil extraction + chemical oil refining", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_soybean_organic_refined_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Refined organic soybean oil, extraction + chemical refining, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A015P", "name": "Soya bean oil" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_soybean_organic_refined_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram refined organic soybean oil production, extruding expelling oil extraction + chemical oil refining built from 2 energy / processing, 7 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram refined organic soybean oil production, extruding expelling oil extraction + chemical oil refining", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Soybean Organic Oil production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction → oil_refining). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.3488 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Soybean dry extruding + expelling pilot plant (Cheng et al. 2018, Iowa State / Insta-Pro design class) (0.87004 kWh, 0.0031 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Refining: US soybean chemical refining (NOPA 2024, 26 plants) (0.04277 kWh, 0.7099 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct) Oil_Refining CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct) Oil_Refining infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.04277, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 4-2: 44.1 kWh/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 44.1 / 1000 = 0.0441 kWh/kg.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 4-2: 44.1 kWh/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 44.1 / 1000 = 0.0441 kWh/kg.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.709929, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_refining natural_gas_mj: Table 4-3: 732 MJ/t refined oil (26 plants, LHV). Converted: 732 / 1000 = 0.732 MJ/kg. Dominated by deodorisation steam (~60-70% of thermal).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining natural_gas_mj: Table 4-3: 732 MJ/t refined oil (26 plants, LHV). Converted: 732 / 1000 = 0.732 MJ/kg. Dominated by deodorisation steam (~60-70% of thermal).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.004568, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining naoh_kg: Table 4-4: 1.72 kg/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 1.72 / 1000 = 0.00172 kg/kg. Caustic soda for neutralisation of free fatty acids.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining naoh_kg: Table 4-4: 1.72 kg/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 1.72 / 1000 = 0.00172 kg/kg. Caustic soda for neutralisation of free fatty acids.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Bentonite, at processing (DE)", "amount": 0.002531, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 4-4: 2.61 kg/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 2.61 / 1000 = 0.00261 kg/kg. Acid-activated bentonite for colour and phospholipid adsorption.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 4-4: 2.61 kg/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 2.61 / 1000 = 0.00261 kg/kg. Acid-activated bentonite for colour and phospholipid adsorption.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.290955, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining water_kg: Table 4-4: 300 L/t refined oil (13 plants, low response rate). Converted: 300 / 1000 = 0.300 kg/kg. Used for washing after neutralisation.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining water_kg: Table 4-4: 300 L/t refined oil (13 plants, low response rate). Converted: 300 / 1000 = 0.300 kg/kg. Used for washing after neutralisation.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.002919, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "soybean_organic oil, oil_extracted", "amount": 1.005025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 7, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Soybean Organic Oil production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction → oil_refining). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.3488 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Soybean dry extruding + expelling pilot plant (Cheng et al. 2018, Iowa State / Insta-Pro design class) (0.87004 kWh, 0.0031 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Refining: US soybean chemical refining (NOPA 2024, 26 plants) (0.04277 kWh, 0.7099 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct) Oil_Refining CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct) Oil_Refining infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_20b39cfc3d905134": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/89b1a4981c4ae98364bc0e59b87617e9_copy2", "name": "soybean crude oil production, solvent extraction RS", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_soybean_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "soybean oil, crude, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "a139bc38-bdfb-471d-8a42-97bc8939ee82" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_soybean_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram soybean crude oil production, solvent extraction RS built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram soybean crude oil production, solvent extraction RS", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Soybean Oil production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0397 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Modern soybean solvent extraction plant (Demarco & Gibon 2020, Desmet Ballestra) (0.02490 kWh, 0.5618 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0249, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Inline text Section 2 (p. 2): 'steam consumption <= 250 kg/t and power consumption <= 25 kWh/t'. Prep <=20, extraction <=5 kWh/t.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Inline text Section 2 (p. 2): 'steam consumption <= 250 kg/t and power consumption <= 25 kWh/t'. Prep <=20, extraction <=5 kWh/t.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.561753, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Inline text Section 2: steam <= 250 kg/t seed. Converted: 0.250 kg steam/kg x 2.257 MJ/kg steam (Carre 2012 Table 3, 3 bar saturated) = 0.564 MJ/kg seed.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Inline text Section 2: steam <= 250 kg/t seed. Converted: 0.250 kg steam/kg x 2.257 MJ/kg steam (Carre 2012 Table 3, 3 bar saturated) = 0.564 MJ/kg seed.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000458, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_kg: Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_kg: Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.572709, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000374, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane", "amount": 0.000458, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000405, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "spinelli_2012" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adenan_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 900.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 100.0, "saturated_fat_g": 14.7, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 0.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 900.0, 900.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fat_g": [ 100.0, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 14.7, 14.7 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Soybean oil", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 1.0, "embedding_distance": 0.0, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'soybean oil' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Soybean Oil production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0397 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Modern soybean solvent extraction plant (Demarco & Gibon 2020, Desmet Ballestra) (0.02490 kWh, 0.5618 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_c6d75f9bee8fd4b2": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e2f573effbf95d21f4b054143d79965b_copy1", "name": "soybean meal production, solvent extraction, mass-allocated", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_soybean_meal_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "soybean meal, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_16043" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "22cdac63-419a-4980-ad99-5c0caff0a614" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03302757" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_soybean_meal_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram soybean meal production, solvent extraction, mass-allocated built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram soybean meal production, solvent extraction, mass-allocated", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Soybean Meal production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0397 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Modern soybean solvent extraction plant (Demarco & Gibon 2020, Desmet Ballestra) (0.02490 kWh, 0.5618 MJ/kg meal). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0249, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Inline text Section 2 (p. 2): 'steam consumption <= 250 kg/t and power consumption <= 25 kWh/t'. Prep <=20, extraction <=5 kWh/t.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Inline text Section 2 (p. 2): 'steam consumption <= 250 kg/t and power consumption <= 25 kWh/t'. Prep <=20, extraction <=5 kWh/t.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.561753, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Inline text Section 2: steam <= 250 kg/t seed. Converted: 0.250 kg steam/kg x 2.257 MJ/kg steam (Carre 2012 Table 3, 3 bar saturated) = 0.564 MJ/kg seed.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Inline text Section 2: steam <= 250 kg/t seed. Converted: 0.250 kg steam/kg x 2.257 MJ/kg steam (Carre 2012 Table 3, 3 bar saturated) = 0.564 MJ/kg seed.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000458, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_kg: Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_kg: Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.572709, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000374, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane", "amount": 0.000458, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000405, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "spinelli_2012" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adenan_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Soybean Meal production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0397 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Modern soybean solvent extraction plant (Demarco & Gibon 2020, Desmet Ballestra) (0.02490 kWh, 0.5618 MJ/kg meal). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_67ff17470074f017": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e2f573effbf95d21f4b054143d79965b_copy2", "name": "soybean meal production, organic, extruding-expelling, mass-allocated", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_soybean_organic_meal_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "soybean meal, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_16043" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "22cdac63-419a-4980-ad99-5c0caff0a614" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03302757" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_soybean_organic_meal_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram soybean meal production, organic, extruding-expelling, mass-allocated built from 2 energy / processing, 6 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram soybean meal production, organic, extruding-expelling, mass-allocated", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Soybean Organic Meal production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2842 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Soybean dry extruding + expelling pilot plant (Cheng et al. 2018, Iowa State / Insta-Pro design class) (0.86602 kWh, 0.0031 MJ/kg meal). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.866023, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 6.22 kWh/kg soybean oil. Converted to per kg seed using Table 1 mass balance (24278.18 kg/h seed -> 3235.02 kg/h oil = 13.33% oil yield): 6.22 x 0.1333 = 0.829 kWh/kg seed. Min/max bracket pilot vs commercial extruder ranges.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 6.22 kWh/kg soybean oil. Converted to per kg seed using Table 1 mass balance (24278.18 kg/h seed -> 3235.02 kg/h oil = 13.33% oil yield): 6.22 x 0.1333 = 0.829 kWh/kg seed. Min/max bracket pilot vs commercial extruder ranges.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.003134, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 0.01 kg steam/kg soybean oil. Converted: 0.01 kg steam/kg oil x 0.1333 kg oil/kg seed = 0.00133 kg steam/kg seed. At 2.257 MJ/kg steam: 0.00133 x 2.257 = 0.003 MJ/kg seed.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 0.01 kg steam/kg soybean oil. Converted: 0.01 kg steam/kg oil x 0.1333 kg oil/kg seed = 0.00133 kg steam/kg seed. At 2.257 MJ/kg steam: 0.00133 x 2.257 = 0.003 MJ/kg seed.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.076783, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 1787 kg/h water input at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.0736 kg/kg seed. Mass index also 0.55 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.0734 kg/kg seed (Fig. 4 cross-check).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 1787 kg/h water input at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.0736 kg/kg seed. Mass index also 0.55 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.0734 kg/kg seed (Fig. 4 cross-check).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000118, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): wastewater 2156.31 + sewage 412.70 = 2569.01 kg/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.1058 kg/kg seed. Mass index 0.72 wastewater + 0.13 sewage = 0.85 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.1133 kg/kg seed (Fig. 7 cross-check; adopted).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): wastewater 2156.31 + sewage 412.70 = 2569.01 kg/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.1058 kg/kg seed. Mass index 0.72 wastewater + 0.13 sewage = 0.85 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.1133 kg/kg seed (Fig. 7 cross-check; adopted).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Phosphoric acid, industrial grade, 85% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000345, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction phosphoric_acid_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 8.00 kg H3PO4/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.000329 kg/kg seed. Used for water degumming of crude oil prior to storage.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction phosphoric_acid_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 8.00 kg H3PO4/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.000329 kg/kg seed. Used for water degumming of crude oil prior to storage.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000405, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "spinelli_2012" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adenan_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "soybean, organic market, modelled", "amount": 1.04466, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction co-product allocation (factor 0.8608, mass)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction co-product allocation (factor 0.8608, mass)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Soybean Organic Meal production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2842 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Soybean dry extruding + expelling pilot plant (Cheng et al. 2018, Iowa State / Insta-Pro design class) (0.86602 kWh, 0.0031 MJ/kg meal). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_e31bd5cda60cef24": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e2f573effbf95d21f4b054143d79965b_copy3", "name": "soybean meal production, solvent extraction RS", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_soybean_meal_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "soybean meal, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_16043" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "22cdac63-419a-4980-ad99-5c0caff0a614" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03302757" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_soybean_meal_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram soybean meal production, solvent extraction RS built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram soybean meal production, solvent extraction RS", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Soybean Meal production (copy3, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0397 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Modern soybean solvent extraction plant (Demarco & Gibon 2020, Desmet Ballestra) (0.02490 kWh, 0.5618 MJ/kg meal). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0249, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Inline text Section 2 (p. 2): 'steam consumption <= 250 kg/t and power consumption <= 25 kWh/t'. Prep <=20, extraction <=5 kWh/t.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Inline text Section 2 (p. 2): 'steam consumption <= 250 kg/t and power consumption <= 25 kWh/t'. Prep <=20, extraction <=5 kWh/t.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.561753, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Inline text Section 2: steam <= 250 kg/t seed. Converted: 0.250 kg steam/kg x 2.257 MJ/kg steam (Carre 2012 Table 3, 3 bar saturated) = 0.564 MJ/kg seed.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Inline text Section 2: steam <= 250 kg/t seed. Converted: 0.250 kg steam/kg x 2.257 MJ/kg steam (Carre 2012 Table 3, 3 bar saturated) = 0.564 MJ/kg seed.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000458, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_kg: Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_kg: Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.572709, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000374, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane", "amount": 0.000458, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000405, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "spinelli_2012" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adenan_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Soybean Meal production (copy3, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0397 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Modern soybean solvent extraction plant (Demarco & Gibon 2020, Desmet Ballestra) (0.02490 kWh, 0.5618 MJ/kg meal). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_082a00b40393479e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/73b82b4a4499e3d870051f63521bc022_copy1", "name": "soybean meal production, organic, extruding-expelling, mass-allocated", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_soybean_organic_meal_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "soybean meal, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_16043" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "22cdac63-419a-4980-ad99-5c0caff0a614" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03302757" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_soybean_organic_meal_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram soybean meal production, organic, extruding-expelling, mass-allocated built from 2 energy / processing, 6 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram soybean meal production, organic, extruding-expelling, mass-allocated", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Soybean Organic Meal production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2842 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Soybean dry extruding + expelling pilot plant (Cheng et al. 2018, Iowa State / Insta-Pro design class) (0.86602 kWh, 0.0031 MJ/kg meal). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.866023, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 6.22 kWh/kg soybean oil. Converted to per kg seed using Table 1 mass balance (24278.18 kg/h seed -> 3235.02 kg/h oil = 13.33% oil yield): 6.22 x 0.1333 = 0.829 kWh/kg seed. Min/max bracket pilot vs commercial extruder ranges.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 6.22 kWh/kg soybean oil. Converted to per kg seed using Table 1 mass balance (24278.18 kg/h seed -> 3235.02 kg/h oil = 13.33% oil yield): 6.22 x 0.1333 = 0.829 kWh/kg seed. Min/max bracket pilot vs commercial extruder ranges.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.003134, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 0.01 kg steam/kg soybean oil. Converted: 0.01 kg steam/kg oil x 0.1333 kg oil/kg seed = 0.00133 kg steam/kg seed. At 2.257 MJ/kg steam: 0.00133 x 2.257 = 0.003 MJ/kg seed.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 0.01 kg steam/kg soybean oil. Converted: 0.01 kg steam/kg oil x 0.1333 kg oil/kg seed = 0.00133 kg steam/kg seed. At 2.257 MJ/kg steam: 0.00133 x 2.257 = 0.003 MJ/kg seed.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.076783, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 1787 kg/h water input at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.0736 kg/kg seed. Mass index also 0.55 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.0734 kg/kg seed (Fig. 4 cross-check).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 1787 kg/h water input at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.0736 kg/kg seed. Mass index also 0.55 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.0734 kg/kg seed (Fig. 4 cross-check).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000118, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): wastewater 2156.31 + sewage 412.70 = 2569.01 kg/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.1058 kg/kg seed. Mass index 0.72 wastewater + 0.13 sewage = 0.85 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.1133 kg/kg seed (Fig. 7 cross-check; adopted).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): wastewater 2156.31 + sewage 412.70 = 2569.01 kg/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.1058 kg/kg seed. Mass index 0.72 wastewater + 0.13 sewage = 0.85 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.1133 kg/kg seed (Fig. 7 cross-check; adopted).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Phosphoric acid, industrial grade, 85% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000345, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction phosphoric_acid_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 8.00 kg H3PO4/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.000329 kg/kg seed. Used for water degumming of crude oil prior to storage.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction phosphoric_acid_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 8.00 kg H3PO4/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.000329 kg/kg seed. Used for water degumming of crude oil prior to storage.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000405, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "spinelli_2012" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adenan_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "soybean, organic market, modelled", "amount": 1.04466, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction co-product allocation (factor 0.8608, mass)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction co-product allocation (factor 0.8608, mass)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Soybean Organic Meal production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2842 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Soybean dry extruding + expelling pilot plant (Cheng et al. 2018, Iowa State / Insta-Pro design class) (0.86602 kWh, 0.0031 MJ/kg meal). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_6db50bceda4ea0b7": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/73b82b4a4499e3d870051f63521bc022_copy2", "name": "soybean meal production, organic, extruding-expelling, mass-allocated", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_soybean_organic_meal_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "soybean meal, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_16043" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "22cdac63-419a-4980-ad99-5c0caff0a614" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03302757" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_soybean_organic_meal_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram soybean meal production, organic, extruding-expelling, mass-allocated built from 2 energy / processing, 6 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram soybean meal production, organic, extruding-expelling, mass-allocated", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Soybean Organic Meal production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2842 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Soybean dry extruding + expelling pilot plant (Cheng et al. 2018, Iowa State / Insta-Pro design class) (0.86602 kWh, 0.0031 MJ/kg meal). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.866023, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 6.22 kWh/kg soybean oil. Converted to per kg seed using Table 1 mass balance (24278.18 kg/h seed -> 3235.02 kg/h oil = 13.33% oil yield): 6.22 x 0.1333 = 0.829 kWh/kg seed. Min/max bracket pilot vs commercial extruder ranges.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 6.22 kWh/kg soybean oil. Converted to per kg seed using Table 1 mass balance (24278.18 kg/h seed -> 3235.02 kg/h oil = 13.33% oil yield): 6.22 x 0.1333 = 0.829 kWh/kg seed. Min/max bracket pilot vs commercial extruder ranges.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.003134, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 0.01 kg steam/kg soybean oil. Converted: 0.01 kg steam/kg oil x 0.1333 kg oil/kg seed = 0.00133 kg steam/kg seed. At 2.257 MJ/kg steam: 0.00133 x 2.257 = 0.003 MJ/kg seed.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 0.01 kg steam/kg soybean oil. Converted: 0.01 kg steam/kg oil x 0.1333 kg oil/kg seed = 0.00133 kg steam/kg seed. At 2.257 MJ/kg steam: 0.00133 x 2.257 = 0.003 MJ/kg seed.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.076783, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 1787 kg/h water input at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.0736 kg/kg seed. Mass index also 0.55 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.0734 kg/kg seed (Fig. 4 cross-check).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 1787 kg/h water input at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.0736 kg/kg seed. Mass index also 0.55 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.0734 kg/kg seed (Fig. 4 cross-check).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000118, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): wastewater 2156.31 + sewage 412.70 = 2569.01 kg/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.1058 kg/kg seed. Mass index 0.72 wastewater + 0.13 sewage = 0.85 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.1133 kg/kg seed (Fig. 7 cross-check; adopted).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): wastewater 2156.31 + sewage 412.70 = 2569.01 kg/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.1058 kg/kg seed. Mass index 0.72 wastewater + 0.13 sewage = 0.85 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.1133 kg/kg seed (Fig. 7 cross-check; adopted).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Phosphoric acid, industrial grade, 85% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000345, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction phosphoric_acid_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 8.00 kg H3PO4/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.000329 kg/kg seed. Used for water degumming of crude oil prior to storage.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction phosphoric_acid_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 8.00 kg H3PO4/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.000329 kg/kg seed. Used for water degumming of crude oil prior to storage.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000405, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "spinelli_2012" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adenan_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "soybean, organic market, modelled", "amount": 1.04466, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction co-product allocation (factor 0.8608, mass)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction co-product allocation (factor 0.8608, mass)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Soybean Organic Meal production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2842 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Soybean dry extruding + expelling pilot plant (Cheng et al. 2018, Iowa State / Insta-Pro design class) (0.86602 kWh, 0.0031 MJ/kg meal). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_3269aec6ff6cfced": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/73b82b4a4499e3d870051f63521bc022_copy3", "name": "soybean meal production, import-mix Europe, mass-allocated", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_soybean_meal_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "soybean meal, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_16043" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "22cdac63-419a-4980-ad99-5c0caff0a614" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03302757" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_soybean_meal_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram soybean meal production, import-mix Europe, mass-allocated built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram soybean meal production, import-mix Europe, mass-allocated", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Soybean Meal production (copy3, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0397 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Modern soybean solvent extraction plant (Demarco & Gibon 2020, Desmet Ballestra) (0.02490 kWh, 0.5618 MJ/kg meal). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0249, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Inline text Section 2 (p. 2): 'steam consumption <= 250 kg/t and power consumption <= 25 kWh/t'. Prep <=20, extraction <=5 kWh/t.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Inline text Section 2 (p. 2): 'steam consumption <= 250 kg/t and power consumption <= 25 kWh/t'. Prep <=20, extraction <=5 kWh/t.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.561753, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Inline text Section 2: steam <= 250 kg/t seed. Converted: 0.250 kg steam/kg x 2.257 MJ/kg steam (Carre 2012 Table 3, 3 bar saturated) = 0.564 MJ/kg seed.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Inline text Section 2: steam <= 250 kg/t seed. Converted: 0.250 kg steam/kg x 2.257 MJ/kg steam (Carre 2012 Table 3, 3 bar saturated) = 0.564 MJ/kg seed.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000458, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_kg: Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_kg: Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.572709, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000374, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane", "amount": 0.000458, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000405, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "spinelli_2012" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adenan_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Soybean Meal production (copy3, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0397 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Modern soybean solvent extraction plant (Demarco & Gibon 2020, Desmet Ballestra) (0.02490 kWh, 0.5618 MJ/kg meal). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_dabd543bb3e5e4ac": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/0a2987d2ef95f1c1af5a6ac933bb8806_copy1", "name": "soybean meal production, certified BR, mass-allocated", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_soybean_meal_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "soybean meal, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_16043" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "22cdac63-419a-4980-ad99-5c0caff0a614" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03302757" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_soybean_meal_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram soybean meal production, certified BR, mass-allocated built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram soybean meal production, certified BR, mass-allocated", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Soybean Meal production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0397 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Modern soybean solvent extraction plant (Demarco & Gibon 2020, Desmet Ballestra) (0.02490 kWh, 0.5618 MJ/kg meal). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0249, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Inline text Section 2 (p. 2): 'steam consumption <= 250 kg/t and power consumption <= 25 kWh/t'. Prep <=20, extraction <=5 kWh/t.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Inline text Section 2 (p. 2): 'steam consumption <= 250 kg/t and power consumption <= 25 kWh/t'. Prep <=20, extraction <=5 kWh/t.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.561753, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Inline text Section 2: steam <= 250 kg/t seed. Converted: 0.250 kg steam/kg x 2.257 MJ/kg steam (Carre 2012 Table 3, 3 bar saturated) = 0.564 MJ/kg seed.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Inline text Section 2: steam <= 250 kg/t seed. Converted: 0.250 kg steam/kg x 2.257 MJ/kg steam (Carre 2012 Table 3, 3 bar saturated) = 0.564 MJ/kg seed.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000458, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_kg: Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_kg: Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.572709, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000374, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane", "amount": 0.000458, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). Inline text Section 6 (p. 7): 'hexane loss... less than 0.7 litres per tonne of beans (0.46 kg/t)'. DTDC accounts for ~90% of total hexane losses.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000405, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "spinelli_2012" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adenan_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Soybean Meal production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0397 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Modern soybean solvent extraction plant (Demarco & Gibon 2020, Desmet Ballestra) (0.02490 kWh, 0.5618 MJ/kg meal). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_18ca9b0119bbee72": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/5236a3ecaa2c5d64f960303e4726aaff_copy4", "name": "sunflower oil production, prepress solvent oil extraction + physical oil refining", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_sunflower_seed_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "sunflower oil, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25506" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "dae5374e-f1b8-4caa-b913-40264a830ef1" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "CAS-8001-21-6" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_sunflower_seed_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram sunflower oil production, prepress solvent oil extraction + physical oil refining built from 2 energy / processing, 6 processing input, 4 other input, 1 seed; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram sunflower oil production, prepress solvent oil extraction + physical oil refining", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Sunflower Seed Oil production (copy4, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction → oil_refining). GWP metadata ≈ 1.1117 kg CO2eq/kg (0.1142 processing + 0.9975 upstream sunflower_seed). Oil_Extraction: Sunflower pre-press + solvent extraction (Nilsson et al. 2010, Unilever suppliers) (0.05588 kWh, 0.6754 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Refining: Sunflower physical refining (Nilsson 2010, Table 3) (0.05260 kWh, 0.5759 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct) Oil_Refining CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct) Oil_Refining infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.052597, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "sunflower oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 3 p. 920: 54.8 kWh/t refined oil. Converted: 54.8 / 1000 = 0.0548 kWh/kg.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nilsson_2010" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 3 p. 920: 54.8 kWh/t refined oil. Converted: 54.8 / 1000 = 0.0548 kWh/kg.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.575879, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "sunflower oil_refining natural_gas_mj: Table 3 p. 920: steam 266 kg/t refined oil. Converted: 266 * 2.257 / 1000 = 0.600 MJ/kg. Steam used primarily for deodorisation (high-temperature stripping at 240-260C).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nilsson_2010" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_refining natural_gas_mj: Table 3 p. 920: steam 266 kg/t refined oil. Converted: 266 * 2.257 / 1000 = 0.600 MJ/kg. Steam used primarily for deodorisation (high-temperature stripping at 240-260C).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Bentonite, at processing (DE)", "amount": 0.002908, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "sunflower oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 3 p. 920: 3.03 kg/t refined oil. Converted: 3.03 / 1000 = 0.00303 kg/kg.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nilsson_2010" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 3 p. 920: 3.03 kg/t refined oil. Converted: 3.03 / 1000 = 0.00303 kg/kg.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "sunflower oil_refining naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_refining naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "sunflower oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "sunflower oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "sunflower oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "sunflower oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.002919, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sunflower_seed oil, oil_extracted", "amount": 1.005025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 900.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 100.0, "saturated_fat_g": 11.2, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 0.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 883.0, 918.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 18.88 ], "fat_g": [ 98.0, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 4.028, 12.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.28 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 1.837 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 56.48 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "agrovoc:c_25506", "matched_term_name": "sunflower oil", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 34, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Sunflower Seed Oil production (copy4, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction → oil_refining). GWP metadata ≈ 1.1117 kg CO2eq/kg (0.1142 processing + 0.9975 upstream sunflower_seed). Oil_Extraction: Sunflower pre-press + solvent extraction (Nilsson et al. 2010, Unilever suppliers) (0.05588 kWh, 0.6754 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Refining: Sunflower physical refining (Nilsson 2010, Table 3) (0.05260 kWh, 0.5759 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct) Oil_Refining CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct) Oil_Refining infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_6e667f7e3c1b894a": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/5236a3ecaa2c5d64f960303e4726aaff_copy5", "name": "sunflower meal production, solvent extraction, mass-allocated", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_sunflower_seed_meal_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "sunflower meal, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_35709" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03309765" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A186A" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_sunflower_seed_meal_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram sunflower meal production, solvent extraction, mass-allocated built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 6 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram sunflower meal production, solvent extraction, mass-allocated", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Sunflower Seed Meal production (copy5, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). GWP metadata ≈ 1.0485 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0559 processing + 0.9925 upstream sunflower_seed). Oil_Extraction: Sunflower pre-press + solvent extraction (Nilsson et al. 2010, Unilever suppliers) (0.05560 kWh, 0.6720 MJ/kg meal). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0556, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "sunflower oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 3 (p. 920): 500 MJ electricity per 1000 kg crude sunflower oil. At 40% oil yield (2500 kg seed per 1000 kg oil): 500 MJ / 2500 kg = 0.200 MJ/kg seed = 0.0556 kWh/kg seed.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nilsson_2010" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 3 (p. 920): 500 MJ electricity per 1000 kg crude sunflower oil. At 40% oil yield (2500 kg seed per 1000 kg oil): 500 MJ / 2500 kg = 0.200 MJ/kg seed = 0.0556 kWh/kg seed.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.672, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "sunflower oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 3 (p. 920): 1680 MJ steam per 1000 kg crude sunflower oil. At 40% oil yield: 1680 MJ / 2500 kg seed = 0.672 MJ/kg seed.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nilsson_2010" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 3 (p. 920): 1680 MJ steam per 1000 kg crude sunflower oil. At 40% oil yield: 1680 MJ / 2500 kg seed = 0.672 MJ/kg seed.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "sunflower oil_extraction hexane_kg: Table 3 (p. 920): 2 kg hexane per 1000 kg crude oil. At 40% oil yield: 2 kg / 2500 kg seed = 0.0008 kg/kg seed.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nilsson_2010" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_extraction hexane_kg: Table 3 (p. 920): 2 kg hexane per 1000 kg crude oil. At 40% oil yield: 2 kg / 2500 kg seed = 0.0008 kg/kg seed.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.575, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "sunflower oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000375, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "sunflower oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "sunflower oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). Table 3 (p. 920): 2 kg hexane per 1000 kg crude oil. At 40% oil yield: 2 kg / 2500 kg seed = 0.0008 kg/kg seed.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nilsson_2010" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). Table 3 (p. 920): 2 kg hexane per 1000 kg crude oil. At 40% oil yield: 2 kg / 2500 kg seed = 0.0008 kg/kg seed.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000405, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "sunflower oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "spinelli_2012" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "sunflower oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adenan_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sunflower IP, at farm (BAFU 324601, CH proxy for non-Spain Europe)", "amount": 0.92, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sunflower conventional, Castilla-y-Leon, at farm (BAFU 152476, ES)", "amount": 0.08, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 326.0, "protein_g": 48.08, "fat_g": 1.61, "saturated_fat_g": 0.138, "carbohydrates_g": 35.815, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 5.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00762, "water_g": 7.47 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 326.0, 326.0 ], "protein_g": [ 48.06, 48.1 ], "fat_g": [ 1.61, 1.61 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.138, 0.138 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 35.8, 35.83 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 5.2, 5.2 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.00762, 0.00762 ], "water_g": [ 7.47, 7.47 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "agrovoc:c_35709", "matched_term_name": "sunflower meal", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 2, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Sunflower Seed Meal production (copy5, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). GWP metadata ≈ 1.0485 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0559 processing + 0.9925 upstream sunflower_seed). Oil_Extraction: Sunflower pre-press + solvent extraction (Nilsson et al. 2010, Unilever suppliers) (0.05560 kWh, 0.6720 MJ/kg meal). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_22a04ad9fe022f4a": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/5236a3ecaa2c5d64f960303e4726aaff_copy6", "name": "sunflower lecithin production, prepress solvent oil extraction + physical oil refining, mass-allocated", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_sunflower_seed_lecithin_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "sunflower lecithin, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "sunflower-lecithin" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_sunflower_seed_lecithin_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.55, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram sunflower lecithin production, prepress solvent oil extraction + physical oil refining, mass-allocated built from 2 energy / processing, 6 processing input, 4 other input, 1 seed; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram sunflower lecithin production, prepress solvent oil extraction + physical oil refining, mass-allocated", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Sunflower Seed Lecithin production (copy6, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction → oil_refining). GWP metadata ≈ 1.0626 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0651 processing + 0.9975 upstream sunflower_seed). Oil_Extraction: Sunflower pre-press + solvent extraction (Nilsson et al. 2010, Unilever suppliers) (0.05588 kWh, 0.6754 MJ/kg lecithin). Oil_Refining: Sunflower physical refining (Nilsson 2010, Table 3) (0.00055 kWh, 0.0060 MJ/kg lecithin). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct) Oil_Refining CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct) Oil_Refining infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.000551, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "sunflower oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 3 p. 920: 54.8 kWh/t refined oil. Converted: 54.8 / 1000 = 0.0548 kWh/kg.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nilsson_2010" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 3 p. 920: 54.8 kWh/t refined oil. Converted: 54.8 / 1000 = 0.0548 kWh/kg.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.00603, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "sunflower oil_refining natural_gas_mj: Table 3 p. 920: steam 266 kg/t refined oil. Converted: 266 * 2.257 / 1000 = 0.600 MJ/kg. Steam used primarily for deodorisation (high-temperature stripping at 240-260C).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nilsson_2010" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_refining natural_gas_mj: Table 3 p. 920: steam 266 kg/t refined oil. Converted: 266 * 2.257 / 1000 = 0.600 MJ/kg. Steam used primarily for deodorisation (high-temperature stripping at 240-260C).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Bentonite, at processing (DE)", "amount": 3e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "sunflower oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 3 p. 920: 3.03 kg/t refined oil. Converted: 3.03 / 1000 = 0.00303 kg/kg.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nilsson_2010" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 3 p. 920: 3.03 kg/t refined oil. Converted: 3.03 / 1000 = 0.00303 kg/kg.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "sunflower oil_refining naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_refining naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "sunflower oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "sunflower oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "sunflower oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "sunflower oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "sunflower oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.002919, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sunflower_seed lecithin, oil_extracted", "amount": 1.005, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Sunflower Seed Lecithin production (copy6, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction → oil_refining). GWP metadata ≈ 1.0626 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0651 processing + 0.9975 upstream sunflower_seed). Oil_Extraction: Sunflower pre-press + solvent extraction (Nilsson et al. 2010, Unilever suppliers) (0.05588 kWh, 0.6754 MJ/kg lecithin). Oil_Refining: Sunflower physical refining (Nilsson 2010, Table 3) (0.00055 kWh, 0.0060 MJ/kg lecithin). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct) Oil_Refining CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct) Oil_Refining infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_30fb1487f5e255a6": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/8e9dd7b1faa94a0f9f2a8de8672d08d1", "name": "olive oil production, decanter extraction", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_olive_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "olive oil, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25491" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301826" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A036P" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_olive_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram olive oil production, decanter extraction built from 2 energy / processing, 4 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram olive oil production, decanter extraction", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Olive Oil production (8e9dd7b1faa94a0f9f2a8de8672d08d1, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0267 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Italian EVOO mill average, 7 companies (Proietti et al. 2017) (0.03671 kWh, 0.2606 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.036708, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "olive oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 6 (p. 14): Company A = 3.535 kWh/q olives = 35.35 kWh/t olives = 0.03535 kWh/kg olives. Range across 7 companies: 0.212-0.367 kWh/L oil at ~16% yield = 0.035-0.060 kWh/kg olives.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "proietti_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "olive oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 6 (p. 14): Company A = 3.535 kWh/q olives = 35.35 kWh/t olives = 0.03535 kWh/kg olives. Range across 7 companies: 0.212-0.367 kWh/L oil at ~16% yield = 0.035-0.060 kWh/kg olives.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.260644, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "olive oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 6 (p. 14): Company A = 6.978 kWhth/q olives = 69.78 kWhth/t = 0.06978 kWhth/kg olives x 3.6 = 0.251 MJ/kg olives. Range: 0.043-0.525 kWhth/L oil.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "proietti_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "olive oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 6 (p. 14): Company A = 6.978 kWhth/q olives = 69.78 kWhth/t = 0.06978 kWhth/kg olives x 3.6 = 0.251 MJ/kg olives. Range: 0.043-0.525 kWhth/L oil.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.597093, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "olive oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "olive oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000389, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "olive oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "olive oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000405, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "olive oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "spinelli_2012" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "olive oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "olive oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adenan_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "olive oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 899.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 100.0, "saturated_fat_g": 14.43, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 0.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 883.13, 921.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.8 ], "fat_g": [ 98.8, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 11.9, 16.3 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.13716 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 76.8 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A036P", "matched_term_name": "Olive oils", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 23, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "FoodEx2 facet walk: the product is processed, so the fresh term was followed via its F27 source commodity to the sibling carrying the matching F28 process (foodex2:A036P 'Olive oils')" ] }, "notes": "Olive Oil production (8e9dd7b1faa94a0f9f2a8de8672d08d1, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0267 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Italian EVOO mill average, 7 companies (Proietti et al. 2017) (0.03671 kWh, 0.2606 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_04821bffe9710800": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/185dff39133543a0be5e8818f036664b", "name": "olive oil production, decanter extraction", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_olive_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "olive oil, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25491" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301826" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A036P" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_olive_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram olive oil production, decanter extraction built from 2 energy / processing, 4 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram olive oil production, decanter extraction", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Olive Oil production (185dff39133543a0be5e8818f036664b, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0267 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Italian EVOO mill average, 7 companies (Proietti et al. 2017) (0.03671 kWh, 0.2606 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.036708, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "olive oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 6 (p. 14): Company A = 3.535 kWh/q olives = 35.35 kWh/t olives = 0.03535 kWh/kg olives. Range across 7 companies: 0.212-0.367 kWh/L oil at ~16% yield = 0.035-0.060 kWh/kg olives.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "proietti_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "olive oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 6 (p. 14): Company A = 3.535 kWh/q olives = 35.35 kWh/t olives = 0.03535 kWh/kg olives. Range across 7 companies: 0.212-0.367 kWh/L oil at ~16% yield = 0.035-0.060 kWh/kg olives.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.260644, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "olive oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 6 (p. 14): Company A = 6.978 kWhth/q olives = 69.78 kWhth/t = 0.06978 kWhth/kg olives x 3.6 = 0.251 MJ/kg olives. Range: 0.043-0.525 kWhth/L oil.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "proietti_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "olive oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 6 (p. 14): Company A = 6.978 kWhth/q olives = 69.78 kWhth/t = 0.06978 kWhth/kg olives x 3.6 = 0.251 MJ/kg olives. Range: 0.043-0.525 kWhth/L oil.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.597093, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "olive oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "olive oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000389, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "olive oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "olive oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000405, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "olive oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "spinelli_2012" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "olive oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "olive oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adenan_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "olive oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 899.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 100.0, "saturated_fat_g": 14.43, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 0.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 883.13, 921.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.8 ], "fat_g": [ 98.8, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 11.9, 16.3 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.13716 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 76.8 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A036P", "matched_term_name": "Olive oils", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 23, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "FoodEx2 facet walk: the product is processed, so the fresh term was followed via its F27 source commodity to the sibling carrying the matching F28 process (foodex2:A036P 'Olive oils')" ] }, "notes": "Olive Oil production (185dff39133543a0be5e8818f036664b, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0267 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Italian EVOO mill average, 7 companies (Proietti et al. 2017) (0.03671 kWh, 0.2606 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_af654e40d010119a": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/185dff39133543a0be5e8818f036664b_copy1", "name": "olive oil production, decanter extraction, Pattara", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_olive_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "olive oil, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25491" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301826" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A036P" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_olive_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram olive oil production, decanter extraction, Pattara built from 2 energy / processing, 4 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram olive oil production, decanter extraction, Pattara", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Olive Oil production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0267 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Italian EVOO mill average, 7 companies (Proietti et al. 2017) (0.03671 kWh, 0.2606 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.036708, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "olive oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 6 (p. 14): Company A = 3.535 kWh/q olives = 35.35 kWh/t olives = 0.03535 kWh/kg olives. Range across 7 companies: 0.212-0.367 kWh/L oil at ~16% yield = 0.035-0.060 kWh/kg olives.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "proietti_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "olive oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 6 (p. 14): Company A = 3.535 kWh/q olives = 35.35 kWh/t olives = 0.03535 kWh/kg olives. Range across 7 companies: 0.212-0.367 kWh/L oil at ~16% yield = 0.035-0.060 kWh/kg olives.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.260644, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "olive oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 6 (p. 14): Company A = 6.978 kWhth/q olives = 69.78 kWhth/t = 0.06978 kWhth/kg olives x 3.6 = 0.251 MJ/kg olives. Range: 0.043-0.525 kWhth/L oil.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "proietti_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "olive oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 6 (p. 14): Company A = 6.978 kWhth/q olives = 69.78 kWhth/t = 0.06978 kWhth/kg olives x 3.6 = 0.251 MJ/kg olives. Range: 0.043-0.525 kWhth/L oil.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.597093, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "olive oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "olive oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000389, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "olive oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "olive oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000405, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "olive oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "spinelli_2012" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "olive oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "olive oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adenan_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "olive oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 899.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 100.0, "saturated_fat_g": 14.43, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 0.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 883.13, 921.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.8 ], "fat_g": [ 98.8, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 11.9, 16.3 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.13716 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 76.8 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A036P", "matched_term_name": "Olive oils", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 23, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "FoodEx2 facet walk: the product is processed, so the fresh term was followed via its F27 source commodity to the sibling carrying the matching F28 process (foodex2:A036P 'Olive oils')" ] }, "notes": "Olive Oil production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0267 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Italian EVOO mill average, 7 companies (Proietti et al. 2017) (0.03671 kWh, 0.2606 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_7d31d534c6793315": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fcef0684e9a7d8e677806c68294e6887_copy12", "name": "hemp oil production, cold press", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_hemp_seed_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "hemp oil, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03310465" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "hemp-oils" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_hemp_seed_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram hemp oil production, cold press built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram hemp oil production, cold press", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Hemp Seed Oil production (copy12, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0442 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: French rapeseed cold pressing + solvent extraction (Quinsac et al. 2015, Table 6 CP route) (0.04300 kWh, 0.5360 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.043, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 6 (p. 9): CP global electrical = 43 kWh/t seed (preparation 24 + extraction 8 + pelletizing 2x5 + logistics 1 kWh/t).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "quinsac_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 6 (p. 9): CP global electrical = 43 kWh/t seed (preparation 24 + extraction 8 + pelletizing 2x5 + logistics 1 kWh/t).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.536, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 6 (p. 9): CP global thermal = 149 kWh/t seed (preparation 16 + extraction 121 + pelletizing 12 kWh/t). Converted: 149 x 3.6 = 536 MJ/t = 0.536 MJ/kg.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "quinsac_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 6 (p. 9): CP global thermal = 149 kWh/t seed (preparation 16 + extraction 121 + pelletizing 12 kWh/t). Converted: 149 x 3.6 = 536 MJ/t = 0.536 MJ/kg.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00046, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction hexane_kg: [GAP-FILLED from Demarco 2020] 0.46 kg/t soybean. Applied as proxy for rapeseed/other solvent extraction -- same DTDC equipment class.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction hexane_kg: [GAP-FILLED from Demarco 2020] 0.46 kg/t soybean. Applied as proxy for rapeseed/other solvent extraction -- same DTDC equipment class.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.575, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000375, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane", "amount": 0.00046, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). [GAP-FILLED from Demarco 2020] 0.46 kg/t soybean. Applied as proxy for rapeseed/other solvent extraction -- same DTDC equipment class.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). [GAP-FILLED from Demarco 2020] 0.46 kg/t soybean. Applied as proxy for rapeseed/other solvent extraction -- same DTDC equipment class.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000405, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "spinelli_2012" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adenan_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 899.0999755859375, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 99.9000015258789, "saturated_fat_g": 9.520000457763672, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 0.10000000149011612 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 899.0999755859375, 900.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fat_g": [ 99.9000015258789, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 9.520000457763672, 9.9 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 0.10000000149011612 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Hemp seed oil", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 0.999, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 2, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.884, "embedding_distance": 0.116, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'hemp oil' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Hemp Seed Oil production (copy12, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0442 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: French rapeseed cold pressing + solvent extraction (Quinsac et al. 2015, Table 6 CP route) (0.04300 kWh, 0.5360 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_bb2aad7aac1321af": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fcef0684e9a7d8e677806c68294e6887_copy13", "name": "hemp presscake production, cold press, mass-allocated", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_hemp_seed_presscake_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "hemp presscake, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_3558" }, { "ns": "gs1", "id": "PackagingMaterialTypeCode-FIBRE_HEMP" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "B2323" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_hemp_seed_presscake_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram hemp presscake production, cold press, mass-allocated built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram hemp presscake production, cold press, mass-allocated", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Hemp Seed Presscake production (copy13, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0442 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: French rapeseed cold pressing + solvent extraction (Quinsac et al. 2015, Table 6 CP route) (0.04300 kWh, 0.5360 MJ/kg presscake). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.043, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 6 (p. 9): CP global electrical = 43 kWh/t seed (preparation 24 + extraction 8 + pelletizing 2x5 + logistics 1 kWh/t).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "quinsac_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 6 (p. 9): CP global electrical = 43 kWh/t seed (preparation 24 + extraction 8 + pelletizing 2x5 + logistics 1 kWh/t).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.536, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 6 (p. 9): CP global thermal = 149 kWh/t seed (preparation 16 + extraction 121 + pelletizing 12 kWh/t). Converted: 149 x 3.6 = 536 MJ/t = 0.536 MJ/kg.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "quinsac_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 6 (p. 9): CP global thermal = 149 kWh/t seed (preparation 16 + extraction 121 + pelletizing 12 kWh/t). Converted: 149 x 3.6 = 536 MJ/t = 0.536 MJ/kg.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00046, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction hexane_kg: [GAP-FILLED from Demarco 2020] 0.46 kg/t soybean. Applied as proxy for rapeseed/other solvent extraction -- same DTDC equipment class.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction hexane_kg: [GAP-FILLED from Demarco 2020] 0.46 kg/t soybean. Applied as proxy for rapeseed/other solvent extraction -- same DTDC equipment class.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.575, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000375, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane", "amount": 0.00046, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). [GAP-FILLED from Demarco 2020] 0.46 kg/t soybean. Applied as proxy for rapeseed/other solvent extraction -- same DTDC equipment class.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). [GAP-FILLED from Demarco 2020] 0.46 kg/t soybean. Applied as proxy for rapeseed/other solvent extraction -- same DTDC equipment class.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000405, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "spinelli_2012" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adenan_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 592.0, "protein_g": 31.6, "fat_g": 48.8, "saturated_fat_g": 4.6, "carbohydrates_g": 4.7, "sugars_g": 1.5, "fiber_g": 4.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.012700000000000001, "water_g": 5.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 592.0, 592.0 ], "protein_g": [ 31.6, 31.6 ], "fat_g": [ 48.8, 48.8 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 4.6, 4.6 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 4.7, 4.7 ], "sugars_g": [ 1.5, 1.5 ], "fiber_g": [ 4.0, 4.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.012700000000000001, 0.012700000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 5.0, 5.0 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Hemp seed", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.825, "embedding_distance": 0.175, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'hemp' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Hemp Seed Presscake production (copy13, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0442 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: French rapeseed cold pressing + solvent extraction (Quinsac et al. 2015, Table 6 CP route) (0.04300 kWh, 0.5360 MJ/kg presscake). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_1ba9d682451b7df4": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fcef0684e9a7d8e677806c68294e6887_copy10", "name": "linseed oil production, cold press", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_linseed_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "linseed oil, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A037G" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_4353" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "linseed-oils" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543109", "name": "31090 - linseed oil (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_linseed_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram linseed oil production, cold press built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input, 1 seed; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram linseed oil production, cold press", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Linseed Oil production (copy10, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). GWP metadata ≈ 2.5258 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0997 processing + 2.4261 upstream linseed). Oil_Extraction: French rapeseed cold pressing + solvent extraction (Quinsac et al. 2015, Table 6 CP route) (0.09705 kWh, 1.2098 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.097053, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 6 (p. 9): CP global electrical = 43 kWh/t seed (preparation 24 + extraction 8 + pelletizing 2x5 + logistics 1 kWh/t).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "quinsac_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 6 (p. 9): CP global electrical = 43 kWh/t seed (preparation 24 + extraction 8 + pelletizing 2x5 + logistics 1 kWh/t).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.209781, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 6 (p. 9): CP global thermal = 149 kWh/t seed (preparation 16 + extraction 121 + pelletizing 12 kWh/t). Converted: 149 x 3.6 = 536 MJ/t = 0.536 MJ/kg.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "quinsac_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 6 (p. 9): CP global thermal = 149 kWh/t seed (preparation 16 + extraction 121 + pelletizing 12 kWh/t). Converted: 149 x 3.6 = 536 MJ/t = 0.536 MJ/kg.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.001038, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction hexane_kg: [GAP-FILLED from Demarco 2020] 0.46 kg/t soybean. Applied as proxy for rapeseed/other solvent extraction -- same DTDC equipment class.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction hexane_kg: [GAP-FILLED from Demarco 2020] 0.46 kg/t soybean. Applied as proxy for rapeseed/other solvent extraction -- same DTDC equipment class.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.297806, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000846, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane", "amount": 0.001038, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). [GAP-FILLED from Demarco 2020] 0.46 kg/t soybean. Applied as proxy for rapeseed/other solvent extraction -- same DTDC equipment class.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). [GAP-FILLED from Demarco 2020] 0.46 kg/t soybean. Applied as proxy for rapeseed/other solvent extraction -- same DTDC equipment class.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000405, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "spinelli_2012" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adenan_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "market for linseed, modelled (GLO, RU/CA/RoW mix)", "amount": 2.257053, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction co-product allocation (factor 0.7200, economic)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "deng_2016" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction co-product allocation (factor 0.7200, economic)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 900.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 100.0, "saturated_fat_g": 9.2, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 0.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 884.08, 900.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.11 ], "fat_g": [ 99.98, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 7.9, 10.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 0.12 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A037G", "matched_term_name": "Linseed oil", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 7, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "FoodEx2 facet walk: the product is processed, so the fresh term was followed via its F27 source commodity to the sibling carrying the matching F28 process (foodex2:A037G 'Linseed oil')" ] }, "notes": "Linseed Oil production (copy10, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). GWP metadata ≈ 2.5258 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0997 processing + 2.4261 upstream linseed). Oil_Extraction: French rapeseed cold pressing + solvent extraction (Quinsac et al. 2015, Table 6 CP route) (0.09705 kWh, 1.2098 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_45cbaf0bc0d2e2b4": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fcef0684e9a7d8e677806c68294e6887_copy11", "name": "linseed meal production, cold press, economic-allocated", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_linseed_meal_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "linseed meal, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0BEZ" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "linseedMealKgN" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03306424", "name": "flaxseed meal", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_linseed_meal_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram linseed meal production, cold press, economic-allocated built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input, 1 seed; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram linseed meal production, cold press, economic-allocated", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Linseed Meal production (copy11, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). GWP metadata ≈ 0.4601 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0182 processing + 0.4420 upstream linseed). Oil_Extraction: French rapeseed cold pressing + solvent extraction (Quinsac et al. 2015, Table 6 CP route) (0.01768 kWh, 0.2204 MJ/kg meal). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.01768, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 6 (p. 9): CP global electrical = 43 kWh/t seed (preparation 24 + extraction 8 + pelletizing 2x5 + logistics 1 kWh/t).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "quinsac_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 6 (p. 9): CP global electrical = 43 kWh/t seed (preparation 24 + extraction 8 + pelletizing 2x5 + logistics 1 kWh/t).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.220382, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 6 (p. 9): CP global thermal = 149 kWh/t seed (preparation 16 + extraction 121 + pelletizing 12 kWh/t). Converted: 149 x 3.6 = 536 MJ/t = 0.536 MJ/kg.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "quinsac_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 6 (p. 9): CP global thermal = 149 kWh/t seed (preparation 16 + extraction 121 + pelletizing 12 kWh/t). Converted: 149 x 3.6 = 536 MJ/t = 0.536 MJ/kg.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000189, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction hexane_kg: [GAP-FILLED from Demarco 2020] 0.46 kg/t soybean. Applied as proxy for rapeseed/other solvent extraction -- same DTDC equipment class.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction hexane_kg: [GAP-FILLED from Demarco 2020] 0.46 kg/t soybean. Applied as proxy for rapeseed/other solvent extraction -- same DTDC equipment class.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.236417, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000154, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane", "amount": 0.000189, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). [GAP-FILLED from Demarco 2020] 0.46 kg/t soybean. Applied as proxy for rapeseed/other solvent extraction -- same DTDC equipment class.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). [GAP-FILLED from Demarco 2020] 0.46 kg/t soybean. Applied as proxy for rapeseed/other solvent extraction -- same DTDC equipment class.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000405, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "spinelli_2012" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adenan_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "market for linseed, modelled (GLO, RU/CA/RoW mix)", "amount": 0.41116, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction co-product allocation (factor 0.2800, economic)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "deng_2016" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction co-product allocation (factor 0.2800, economic)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Linseed Meal production (copy11, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). GWP metadata ≈ 0.4601 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0182 processing + 0.4420 upstream linseed). Oil_Extraction: French rapeseed cold pressing + solvent extraction (Quinsac et al. 2015, Table 6 CP route) (0.01768 kWh, 0.2204 MJ/kg meal). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_69859c60c1b47437": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fcef0684e9a7d8e677806c68294e6887_copy14", "name": "peanut oil production, cold press oil extraction + chemical oil refining", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_peanut_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "peanut oil, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03309857" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A037A" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "CAS-8002-03-7" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_peanut_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram peanut oil production, cold press oil extraction + chemical oil refining built from 2 energy / processing, 7 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram peanut oil production, cold press oil extraction + chemical oil refining", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Peanut Oil production (copy14, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction → oil_refining). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.1085 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: French rapeseed cold pressing + solvent extraction (Quinsac et al. 2015, Table 6 CP route) (0.04455 kWh, 0.5554 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Refining: US soybean chemical refining (NOPA 2024, 26 plants) (0.04233 kWh, 0.7026 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct) Oil_Refining CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct) Oil_Refining infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.042327, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 4-2: 44.1 kWh/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 44.1 / 1000 = 0.0441 kWh/kg.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 4-2: 44.1 kWh/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 44.1 / 1000 = 0.0441 kWh/kg.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.702573, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_refining natural_gas_mj: Table 4-3: 732 MJ/t refined oil (26 plants, LHV). Converted: 732 / 1000 = 0.732 MJ/kg. Dominated by deodorisation steam (~60-70% of thermal).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining natural_gas_mj: Table 4-3: 732 MJ/t refined oil (26 plants, LHV). Converted: 732 / 1000 = 0.732 MJ/kg. Dominated by deodorisation steam (~60-70% of thermal).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.004551, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining naoh_kg: Table 4-4: 1.72 kg/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 1.72 / 1000 = 0.00172 kg/kg. Caustic soda for neutralisation of free fatty acids.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining naoh_kg: Table 4-4: 1.72 kg/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 1.72 / 1000 = 0.00172 kg/kg. Caustic soda for neutralisation of free fatty acids.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Bentonite, at processing (DE)", "amount": 0.002505, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 4-4: 2.61 kg/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 2.61 / 1000 = 0.00261 kg/kg. Acid-activated bentonite for colour and phospholipid adsorption.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 4-4: 2.61 kg/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 2.61 / 1000 = 0.00261 kg/kg. Acid-activated bentonite for colour and phospholipid adsorption.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.28794, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining water_kg: Table 4-4: 300 L/t refined oil (13 plants, low response rate). Converted: 300 / 1000 = 0.300 kg/kg. Used for washing after neutralisation.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining water_kg: Table 4-4: 300 L/t refined oil (13 plants, low response rate). Converted: 300 / 1000 = 0.300 kg/kg. Used for washing after neutralisation.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.002919, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "peanut oil, oil_extracted", "amount": 1.005025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 7, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Peanut Oil production (copy14, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction → oil_refining). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.1085 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: French rapeseed cold pressing + solvent extraction (Quinsac et al. 2015, Table 6 CP route) (0.04455 kWh, 0.5554 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Refining: US soybean chemical refining (NOPA 2024, 26 plants) (0.04233 kWh, 0.7026 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct) Oil_Refining CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct) Oil_Refining infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_e665ea5332aabcc1": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fcef0684e9a7d8e677806c68294e6887_copy15", "name": "sesame oil production, cold press", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_sesame_seed_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "sesame oil, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25504" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03304152" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "sesame-oils" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_sesame_seed_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram sesame oil production, cold press built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input, 1 seed; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram sesame oil production, cold press", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Sesame Seed Oil production (copy15, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0455 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: French rapeseed cold pressing + solvent extraction (Quinsac et al. 2015, Table 6 CP route) (0.04433 kWh, 0.5526 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.04433, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 6 (p. 9): CP global electrical = 43 kWh/t seed (preparation 24 + extraction 8 + pelletizing 2x5 + logistics 1 kWh/t).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "quinsac_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 6 (p. 9): CP global electrical = 43 kWh/t seed (preparation 24 + extraction 8 + pelletizing 2x5 + logistics 1 kWh/t).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.552578, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 6 (p. 9): CP global thermal = 149 kWh/t seed (preparation 16 + extraction 121 + pelletizing 12 kWh/t). Converted: 149 x 3.6 = 536 MJ/t = 0.536 MJ/kg.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "quinsac_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 6 (p. 9): CP global thermal = 149 kWh/t seed (preparation 16 + extraction 121 + pelletizing 12 kWh/t). Converted: 149 x 3.6 = 536 MJ/t = 0.536 MJ/kg.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000474, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction hexane_kg: [GAP-FILLED from Demarco 2020] 0.46 kg/t soybean. Applied as proxy for rapeseed/other solvent extraction -- same DTDC equipment class.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction hexane_kg: [GAP-FILLED from Demarco 2020] 0.46 kg/t soybean. Applied as proxy for rapeseed/other solvent extraction -- same DTDC equipment class.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.592784, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction water_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 575 L/tonne soybeans (46 of 52 US plants). Applied as proxy -- water use in seed conditioning/cleaning is technology-driven, not strongly substrate-specific.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000387, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction wastewater_kg: [GAP-FILLED from NOPA 2024] 375 L/tonne soybeans. [DERIVED] Solvent extraction is a dry process; wastewater comes from seed conditioning and plant cleaning.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane", "amount": 0.000474, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). [GAP-FILLED from Demarco 2020] 0.46 kg/t soybean. Applied as proxy for rapeseed/other solvent extraction -- same DTDC equipment class.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "demarco_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction hexane_emission_kg: [DERIVED] Same as hexane_kg (solvent loss = emission). [GAP-FILLED from Demarco 2020] 0.46 kg/t soybean. Applied as proxy for rapeseed/other solvent extraction -- same DTDC equipment class.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000405, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "spinelli_2012" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adenan_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "market for sesame seed, modelled (GLO)", "amount": 2.222222, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "rapeseed oil_extraction co-product allocation (factor 0.4639, mass)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "rapeseed oil_extraction co-product allocation (factor 0.4639, mass)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 898.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 100.0, "saturated_fat_g": 14.2, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 0.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 881.0, 920.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.2 ], "fat_g": [ 99.7, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 12.899999618530273, 16.5 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.2 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.00508 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 0.1 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "agrovoc:c_25504", "matched_term_name": "sesame oil", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 19, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Sesame Seed Oil production (copy15, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0455 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: French rapeseed cold pressing + solvent extraction (Quinsac et al. 2015, Table 6 CP route) (0.04433 kWh, 0.5526 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_ca5770a9f9f9fa1c": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fcef0684e9a7d8e677806c68294e6887_copy16", "name": "walnut oil production, cold press", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_walnut_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "walnut oil, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A037K" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00003218" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "walnut-oils" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_walnut_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.55, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram walnut oil production, cold press built from 2 energy / processing, 6 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram walnut oil production, cold press", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Walnut Oil production (copy16, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2805 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Soybean dry extruding + expelling pilot plant (Cheng et al. 2018, Iowa State / Insta-Pro design class) (0.85464 kWh, 0.0031 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.854639, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 6.22 kWh/kg soybean oil. Converted to per kg seed using Table 1 mass balance (24278.18 kg/h seed -> 3235.02 kg/h oil = 13.33% oil yield): 6.22 x 0.1333 = 0.829 kWh/kg seed. Min/max bracket pilot vs commercial extruder ranges.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 6.22 kWh/kg soybean oil. Converted to per kg seed using Table 1 mass balance (24278.18 kg/h seed -> 3235.02 kg/h oil = 13.33% oil yield): 6.22 x 0.1333 = 0.829 kWh/kg seed. Min/max bracket pilot vs commercial extruder ranges.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.003093, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 0.01 kg steam/kg soybean oil. Converted: 0.01 kg steam/kg oil x 0.1333 kg oil/kg seed = 0.00133 kg steam/kg seed. At 2.257 MJ/kg steam: 0.00133 x 2.257 = 0.003 MJ/kg seed.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 0.01 kg steam/kg soybean oil. Converted: 0.01 kg steam/kg oil x 0.1333 kg oil/kg seed = 0.00133 kg steam/kg seed. At 2.257 MJ/kg steam: 0.00133 x 2.257 = 0.003 MJ/kg seed.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.075773, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 1787 kg/h water input at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.0736 kg/kg seed. Mass index also 0.55 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.0734 kg/kg seed (Fig. 4 cross-check).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 1787 kg/h water input at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.0736 kg/kg seed. Mass index also 0.55 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.0734 kg/kg seed (Fig. 4 cross-check).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000117, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): wastewater 2156.31 + sewage 412.70 = 2569.01 kg/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.1058 kg/kg seed. Mass index 0.72 wastewater + 0.13 sewage = 0.85 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.1133 kg/kg seed (Fig. 7 cross-check; adopted).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): wastewater 2156.31 + sewage 412.70 = 2569.01 kg/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.1058 kg/kg seed. Mass index 0.72 wastewater + 0.13 sewage = 0.85 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.1133 kg/kg seed (Fig. 7 cross-check; adopted).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Phosphoric acid, industrial grade, 85% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00034, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction phosphoric_acid_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 8.00 kg H3PO4/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.000329 kg/kg seed. Used for water degumming of crude oil prior to storage.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction phosphoric_acid_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 8.00 kg H3PO4/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.000329 kg/kg seed. Used for water degumming of crude oil prior to storage.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000405, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "spinelli_2012" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adenan_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "walnut production, modelled (GLO in-shell orchard anchor)", "amount": 4.545455, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction co-product allocation (factor 0.5670, mass)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "martinez_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction co-product allocation (factor 0.5670, mass)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 900.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 100.0, "saturated_fat_g": 10.0, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 0.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 900.0, 900.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fat_g": [ 100.0, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 10.0, 10.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Walnut oil", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 1.0, "embedding_distance": 0.0, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Walnut oil' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Walnut Oil production (copy16, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2805 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Soybean dry extruding + expelling pilot plant (Cheng et al. 2018, Iowa State / Insta-Pro design class) (0.85464 kWh, 0.0031 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_cb949aa4488950ff": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e04fa7af095f47debfd6dbd542dc6168", "name": "safflower oil production, cold press oil extraction + chemical oil refining", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_safflower_seed_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "safflower oil, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25502" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03302780" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "safflower-oils" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_safflower_seed_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram safflower oil production, cold press oil extraction + chemical oil refining built from 2 energy / processing, 7 processing input, 4 other input, 1 seed; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram safflower oil production, cold press oil extraction + chemical oil refining", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Safflower Seed Oil production (e04fa7af095f47debfd6dbd542dc6168, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction → oil_refining). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.1085 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: French rapeseed cold pressing + solvent extraction (Quinsac et al. 2015, Table 6 CP route) (0.04455 kWh, 0.5554 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Refining: US soybean chemical refining (NOPA 2024, 26 plants) (0.04233 kWh, 0.7026 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct) Oil_Refining CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct) Oil_Refining infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.042327, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 4-2: 44.1 kWh/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 44.1 / 1000 = 0.0441 kWh/kg.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 4-2: 44.1 kWh/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 44.1 / 1000 = 0.0441 kWh/kg.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.702573, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_refining natural_gas_mj: Table 4-3: 732 MJ/t refined oil (26 plants, LHV). Converted: 732 / 1000 = 0.732 MJ/kg. Dominated by deodorisation steam (~60-70% of thermal).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining natural_gas_mj: Table 4-3: 732 MJ/t refined oil (26 plants, LHV). Converted: 732 / 1000 = 0.732 MJ/kg. Dominated by deodorisation steam (~60-70% of thermal).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.004551, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining naoh_kg: Table 4-4: 1.72 kg/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 1.72 / 1000 = 0.00172 kg/kg. Caustic soda for neutralisation of free fatty acids.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining naoh_kg: Table 4-4: 1.72 kg/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 1.72 / 1000 = 0.00172 kg/kg. Caustic soda for neutralisation of free fatty acids.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Bentonite, at processing (DE)", "amount": 0.002505, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 4-4: 2.61 kg/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 2.61 / 1000 = 0.00261 kg/kg. Acid-activated bentonite for colour and phospholipid adsorption.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 4-4: 2.61 kg/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 2.61 / 1000 = 0.00261 kg/kg. Acid-activated bentonite for colour and phospholipid adsorption.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.28794, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining water_kg: Table 4-4: 300 L/t refined oil (13 plants, low response rate). Converted: 300 / 1000 = 0.300 kg/kg. Used for washing after neutralisation.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining water_kg: Table 4-4: 300 L/t refined oil (13 plants, low response rate). Converted: 300 / 1000 = 0.300 kg/kg. Used for washing after neutralisation.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.002919, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "safflower_seed oil, oil_extracted", "amount": 1.005025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 7, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 894.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 100.0, "saturated_fat_g": 8.885, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 0.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 880.0, 900.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fat_g": [ 99.5, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 7.36, 11.4 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.4 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 0.5 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "agrovoc:c_25502", "matched_term_name": "safflower oil", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 10, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Safflower Seed Oil production (e04fa7af095f47debfd6dbd542dc6168, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction → oil_refining). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.1085 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: French rapeseed cold pressing + solvent extraction (Quinsac et al. 2015, Table 6 CP route) (0.04455 kWh, 0.5554 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Refining: US soybean chemical refining (NOPA 2024, 26 plants) (0.04233 kWh, 0.7026 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct) Oil_Refining CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct) Oil_Refining infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_165d3ae07d3e073f": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fcef0684e9a7d8e677806c68294e6887_copy9", "name": "almond oil production, cold press", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_almond_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "almond oil, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A037E" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25462" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03311437" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_almond_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram almond oil production, cold press built from 2 energy / processing, 6 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram almond oil production, cold press", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Almond Oil production (copy9, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). GWP metadata ≈ 2.4159 kg CO2eq/kg (0.2805 processing + 2.1354 upstream almond). Oil_Extraction: Soybean dry extruding + expelling pilot plant (Cheng et al. 2018, Iowa State / Insta-Pro design class) (0.85464 kWh, 0.0031 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.854639, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 6.22 kWh/kg soybean oil. Converted to per kg seed using Table 1 mass balance (24278.18 kg/h seed -> 3235.02 kg/h oil = 13.33% oil yield): 6.22 x 0.1333 = 0.829 kWh/kg seed. Min/max bracket pilot vs commercial extruder ranges.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction electricity_kwh: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 6.22 kWh/kg soybean oil. Converted to per kg seed using Table 1 mass balance (24278.18 kg/h seed -> 3235.02 kg/h oil = 13.33% oil yield): 6.22 x 0.1333 = 0.829 kWh/kg seed. Min/max bracket pilot vs commercial extruder ranges.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.003093, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 0.01 kg steam/kg soybean oil. Converted: 0.01 kg steam/kg oil x 0.1333 kg oil/kg seed = 0.00133 kg steam/kg seed. At 2.257 MJ/kg steam: 0.00133 x 2.257 = 0.003 MJ/kg seed.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction natural_gas_mj: Table 3 (p. 5/62): 0.01 kg steam/kg soybean oil. Converted: 0.01 kg steam/kg oil x 0.1333 kg oil/kg seed = 0.00133 kg steam/kg seed. At 2.257 MJ/kg steam: 0.00133 x 2.257 = 0.003 MJ/kg seed.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.075773, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 1787 kg/h water input at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.0736 kg/kg seed. Mass index also 0.55 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.0734 kg/kg seed (Fig. 4 cross-check).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction water_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 1787 kg/h water input at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.0736 kg/kg seed. Mass index also 0.55 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.0734 kg/kg seed (Fig. 4 cross-check).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000117, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): wastewater 2156.31 + sewage 412.70 = 2569.01 kg/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.1058 kg/kg seed. Mass index 0.72 wastewater + 0.13 sewage = 0.85 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.1133 kg/kg seed (Fig. 7 cross-check; adopted).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction wastewater_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): wastewater 2156.31 + sewage 412.70 = 2569.01 kg/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.1058 kg/kg seed. Mass index 0.72 wastewater + 0.13 sewage = 0.85 kg/kg oil x 0.1333 = 0.1133 kg/kg seed (Fig. 7 cross-check; adopted).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Phosphoric acid, industrial grade, 85% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00034, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction phosphoric_acid_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 8.00 kg H3PO4/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.000329 kg/kg seed. Used for water degumming of crude oil prior to storage.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cheng_2018" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction phosphoric_acid_kg: Table 1 (p. 4/61): 8.00 kg H3PO4/h at 24278.18 kg/h seed = 0.000329 kg/kg seed. Used for water degumming of crude oil prior to storage.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000405, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "spinelli_2012" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "adenan_2015" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.00283, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "almond production, modelled (US kernel anchor)", "amount": 1.030927, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_extraction co-product allocation (factor 0.4124, mass)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "martinez_2013" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_extraction co-product allocation (factor 0.4124, mass)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 884.1600000000001, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 100.0, "saturated_fat_g": 8.2, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 0.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 602.0, 900.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 21.2 ], "fat_g": [ 55.2, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 4.21, 8.2 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 5.12 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 4.56 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.86106 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 2.8 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A037E", "matched_term_name": "Almond oil", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 8, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "FoodEx2 facet walk: the product is processed, so the fresh term was followed via its F27 source commodity to the sibling carrying the matching F28 process (foodex2:A037E 'Almond oil')" ] }, "notes": "Almond Oil production (copy9, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction). GWP metadata ≈ 2.4159 kg CO2eq/kg (0.2805 processing + 2.1354 upstream almond). Oil_Extraction: Soybean dry extruding + expelling pilot plant (Cheng et al. 2018, Iowa State / Insta-Pro design class) (0.85464 kWh, 0.0031 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_5e31e292d81c9c8f": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/c7ac28eab9a2433187ba5a1369f37bc2", "name": "rice bran oil production, solvent oil extraction + chemical oil refining", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_rice_bran_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "rice bran oil, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_8b2a6437" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00003226" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0BCS" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_rice_bran_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram rice bran oil production, solvent oil extraction + chemical oil refining built from 2 energy / processing, 7 processing input, 4 other input, 1 co-product credit; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram rice bran oil production, solvent oil extraction + chemical oil refining", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Rice Bran Oil production (c7ac28eab9a2433187ba5a1369f37bc2, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction → oil_refining). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.1389 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Italian corn germ solvent extraction (Gaglio et al. 2019, Tampieri spa) (0.06838 kWh, 0.8382 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Refining: Corn germ oil chemical refining (Gaglio 2019, Table 1) (0.04924 kWh, 0.7765 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct) Oil_Refining CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct) Oil_Refining infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.049238, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "corn_germ oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 1 refining sub-process: 51.3 kWh/t refined oil. Converted: 51.3 / 1000 = 0.0513 kWh/kg.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "gaglio_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "corn_germ oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 1 refining sub-process: 51.3 kWh/t refined oil. Converted: 51.3 / 1000 = 0.0513 kWh/kg.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.776477, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "corn_germ oil_refining natural_gas_mj: Table 1 refining sub-process: 809 MJ/t refined oil. Converted: 809 / 1000 = 0.809 MJ/kg.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "gaglio_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "corn_germ oil_refining natural_gas_mj: Table 1 refining sub-process: 809 MJ/t refined oil. Converted: 809 / 1000 = 0.809 MJ/kg.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.005021, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "corn_germ oil_refining naoh_kg: Table 1 refining sub-process: 2.21 kg/t refined oil (15% NaOH solution). Converted: 2.21 / 1000 = 0.00221 kg/kg. Reported as dilute solution, consistent with source.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "gaglio_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "corn_germ oil_refining naoh_kg: Table 1 refining sub-process: 2.21 kg/t refined oil (15% NaOH solution). Converted: 2.21 / 1000 = 0.00221 kg/kg. Reported as dilute solution, consistent with source.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Bentonite, at processing (DE)", "amount": 0.00216, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "corn_germ oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 1 refining sub-process: 2.25 kg/t refined oil. Converted: 2.25 / 1000 = 0.00225 kg/kg.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "gaglio_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "corn_germ oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 1 refining sub-process: 2.25 kg/t refined oil. Converted: 2.25 / 1000 = 0.00225 kg/kg.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Phosphoric acid, industrial grade, 85% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.001373, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "corn_germ oil_refining phosphoric_acid_kg: Table 1 refining sub-process: 1.43 kg/t refined oil (75% H3PO4). Converted: 1.43 / 1000 = 0.00143 kg/kg. Used for acid degumming (hydratable phospholipid precipitation).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "gaglio_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "corn_germ oil_refining phosphoric_acid_kg: Table 1 refining sub-process: 1.43 kg/t refined oil (75% H3PO4). Converted: 1.43 / 1000 = 0.00143 kg/kg. Used for acid degumming (hydratable phospholipid precipitation).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "corn_germ oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "corn_germ oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "corn_germ oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "corn_germ oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "corn_germ oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "corn_germ oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "corn_germ oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "corn_germ oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.002919, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rice_bran oil, oil_extracted", "amount": 1.005025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "co-product credit", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 7, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "co-product credit", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 921.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 99.95, "saturated_fat_g": 22.31, "carbohydrates_g": 0.05, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 0.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 921.0, 921.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fat_g": [ 99.95, 99.95 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 22.31, 22.31 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.05, 0.05 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Rice bran oil", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 1.0, "embedding_distance": 0.0, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Rice bran oil (feed)' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Rice Bran Oil production (c7ac28eab9a2433187ba5a1369f37bc2, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction → oil_refining). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.1389 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: Italian corn germ solvent extraction (Gaglio et al. 2019, Tampieri spa) (0.06838 kWh, 0.8382 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Refining: Corn germ oil chemical refining (Gaglio 2019, Table 1) (0.04924 kWh, 0.7765 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct) Oil_Refining CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct) Oil_Refining infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_841af55556f007ae": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/02462d2ce5744d8da7c4510e24ce3e92", "name": "refined rapeseed oil production, prepress solvent conventional oil extraction + chemical oil refining", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_rapeseed_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "refined rapeseed oil, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25499" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00003407" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A015M" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_rapeseed_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram refined rapeseed oil production, prepress solvent conventional oil extraction + chemical oil refining built from 2 energy / processing, 7 processing input, 4 other input, 1 seed; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram refined rapeseed oil production, prepress solvent conventional oil extraction + chemical oil refining", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Rapeseed Oil production (02462d2ce5744d8da7c4510e24ce3e92, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction → oil_refining). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.1270 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: French rapeseed FCP + solvent extraction (Quinsac et al. 2015, Table 6 FCP route) (0.04041 kWh, 0.9097 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Refining: US soybean chemical refining (NOPA 2024, 26 plants) (0.04233 kWh, 0.7026 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct) Oil_Refining CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct) Oil_Refining infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.042327, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 4-2: 44.1 kWh/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 44.1 / 1000 = 0.0441 kWh/kg.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 4-2: 44.1 kWh/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 44.1 / 1000 = 0.0441 kWh/kg.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.702573, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_refining natural_gas_mj: Table 4-3: 732 MJ/t refined oil (26 plants, LHV). Converted: 732 / 1000 = 0.732 MJ/kg. Dominated by deodorisation steam (~60-70% of thermal).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining natural_gas_mj: Table 4-3: 732 MJ/t refined oil (26 plants, LHV). Converted: 732 / 1000 = 0.732 MJ/kg. Dominated by deodorisation steam (~60-70% of thermal).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.004551, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining naoh_kg: Table 4-4: 1.72 kg/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 1.72 / 1000 = 0.00172 kg/kg. Caustic soda for neutralisation of free fatty acids.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining naoh_kg: Table 4-4: 1.72 kg/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 1.72 / 1000 = 0.00172 kg/kg. Caustic soda for neutralisation of free fatty acids.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Bentonite, at processing (DE)", "amount": 0.002505, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 4-4: 2.61 kg/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 2.61 / 1000 = 0.00261 kg/kg. Acid-activated bentonite for colour and phospholipid adsorption.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 4-4: 2.61 kg/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 2.61 / 1000 = 0.00261 kg/kg. Acid-activated bentonite for colour and phospholipid adsorption.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.28794, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining water_kg: Table 4-4: 300 L/t refined oil (13 plants, low response rate). Converted: 300 / 1000 = 0.300 kg/kg. Used for washing after neutralisation.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining water_kg: Table 4-4: 300 L/t refined oil (13 plants, low response rate). Converted: 300 / 1000 = 0.300 kg/kg. Used for washing after neutralisation.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.002919, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rapeseed oil, oil_extracted", "amount": 1.005025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 7, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 899.5, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 100.0, "saturated_fat_g": 6.9, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 0.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 884.3222, 900.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fat_g": [ 99.9, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 6.29, 7.26 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A036V", "matched_term_name": "Rape seed oil, edible", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 6, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "FoodEx2 facet walk: the product is processed, so the fresh term was followed via its F27 source commodity to the sibling carrying the matching F28 process (foodex2:A036V 'Rape seed oil, edible')" ] }, "notes": "Rapeseed Oil production (02462d2ce5744d8da7c4510e24ce3e92, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction → oil_refining). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.1270 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: French rapeseed FCP + solvent extraction (Quinsac et al. 2015, Table 6 FCP route) (0.04041 kWh, 0.9097 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Refining: US soybean chemical refining (NOPA 2024, 26 plants) (0.04233 kWh, 0.7026 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct) Oil_Refining CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct) Oil_Refining infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_952d14a54fa52efb": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fcef0684e9a7d8e677806c68294e6887_copy1", "name": "rapeseed oil production, organic, prepress solvent conventional oil extraction + chemical oil refining", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_rapeseed_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Rape seed oil and meal, organic, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "hestia", "id": "organic" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A07SE" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_rapeseed_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram rapeseed oil production, organic, prepress solvent conventional oil extraction + chemical oil refining built from 2 energy / processing, 7 processing input, 4 other input, 1 seed; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram rapeseed oil production, organic, prepress solvent conventional oil extraction + chemical oil refining", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Rapeseed Oil production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction → oil_refining). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.1270 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: French rapeseed FCP + solvent extraction (Quinsac et al. 2015, Table 6 FCP route) (0.04041 kWh, 0.9097 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Refining: US soybean chemical refining (NOPA 2024, 26 plants) (0.04233 kWh, 0.7026 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct) Oil_Refining CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct) Oil_Refining infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.042327, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 4-2: 44.1 kWh/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 44.1 / 1000 = 0.0441 kWh/kg.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 4-2: 44.1 kWh/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 44.1 / 1000 = 0.0441 kWh/kg.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.702573, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "soybean oil_refining natural_gas_mj: Table 4-3: 732 MJ/t refined oil (26 plants, LHV). Converted: 732 / 1000 = 0.732 MJ/kg. Dominated by deodorisation steam (~60-70% of thermal).", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining natural_gas_mj: Table 4-3: 732 MJ/t refined oil (26 plants, LHV). Converted: 732 / 1000 = 0.732 MJ/kg. Dominated by deodorisation steam (~60-70% of thermal).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.004551, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining naoh_kg: Table 4-4: 1.72 kg/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 1.72 / 1000 = 0.00172 kg/kg. Caustic soda for neutralisation of free fatty acids.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining naoh_kg: Table 4-4: 1.72 kg/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 1.72 / 1000 = 0.00172 kg/kg. Caustic soda for neutralisation of free fatty acids.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Bentonite, at processing (DE)", "amount": 0.002505, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 4-4: 2.61 kg/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 2.61 / 1000 = 0.00261 kg/kg. Acid-activated bentonite for colour and phospholipid adsorption.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 4-4: 2.61 kg/t refined oil (26 plants). Converted: 2.61 / 1000 = 0.00261 kg/kg. Acid-activated bentonite for colour and phospholipid adsorption.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.28794, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining water_kg: Table 4-4: 300 L/t refined oil (13 plants, low response rate). Converted: 300 / 1000 = 0.300 kg/kg. Used for washing after neutralisation.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "nopa_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining water_kg: Table 4-4: 300 L/t refined oil (13 plants, low response rate). Converted: 300 / 1000 = 0.300 kg/kg. Used for washing after neutralisation.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "soybean oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "soybean oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.002919, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rapeseed oil, oil_extracted", "amount": 1.005025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 7, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Rapeseed Oil production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction → oil_refining). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.1270 kg CO2eq/kg. Oil_Extraction: French rapeseed FCP + solvent extraction (Quinsac et al. 2015, Table 6 FCP route) (0.04041 kWh, 0.9097 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Refining: US soybean chemical refining (NOPA 2024, 26 plants) (0.04233 kWh, 0.7026 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct) Oil_Refining CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct) Oil_Refining infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Beccali et al. (2009) Environ Mgmt 43:707-724." }, "repl_9f343338def81b6d": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000009084602737", "name": "copra-based refined coconut oil production, extraction + physical refining (cascade)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_coconut_copra_refined_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Refined copra coconut oil production, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A014K", "name": "Coconuts" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000009084602737", "name": "Coprah oil, refined, at plant" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541139", "name": "11390 - coconuts (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_coconut_copra_refined_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "activated_carbon_bafu_input_not_available", "copra_drying_energy_not_available", "not_calibrated_to_reference" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open literature, existing open tributary crop composite, and BAFU/UVEK OGD inputs only. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level inventory copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram copra-based refined coconut oil production, extraction + physical refining (cascade) built from 2 energy / processing, 9 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram copra-based refined coconut oil production, extraction + physical refining (cascade)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Agribalyse v4 refined copra-oil plant bridge to the process-based lci-food-processing cascade. Uses Yani et al. 2022 copra expeller + solvent extraction and ROP physical refining inventories, with Indonesian dehusked coconut upstream converted to dry copra input by moisture balance. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 biosphere correction is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.073553, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: total electricity 0.0772 kWh/kg coconut oil. Submeter rows are 0.0309 general, 0.0441 deodorize RBD coconut oil, and 0.0022 deodorize FAO; these sum to 0.0772 and are counted once here.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: total electricity 0.0772 kWh/kg coconut oil. Submeter rows are 0.0309 general, 0.0441 deodorize RBD coconut oil, and 0.0022 deodorize FAO; these sum to 0.0772 and are counted once here.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, at hard coal industrial furnace 1-10MW (RER)", "amount": 1.700527, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining coal_heat_mj: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: steam input 0.7908 kg/kg coconut oil. Converted to thermal demand with the existing oil-refining convention 2.257 MJ/kg steam.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining coal_heat_mj: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: steam input 0.7908 kg/kg coconut oil. Converted to thermal demand with the existing oil-refining convention 2.257 MJ/kg steam.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Bentonite, at processing (DE)", "amount": 0.031441, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: bleaching earth 0.0330 kg/kg coconut oil.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: bleaching earth 0.0330 kg/kg coconut oil.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Phosphoric acid, industrial grade, 85% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 9.5e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining phosphoric_acid_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: phosphoric acid 0.0001 kg/kg coconut oil.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining phosphoric_acid_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: phosphoric acid 0.0001 kg/kg coconut oil.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.310125, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining water_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: water input 0.3255 L/kg coconut oil, converted at 1 kg/L.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining water_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: water input 0.3255 L/kg coconut oil, converted at 1 kg/L.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00031, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining wastewater_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: wastewater output 0.3255 L/kg coconut oil, converted at 1 kg/L.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining wastewater_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: wastewater output 0.3255 L/kg coconut oil, converted at 1 kg/L.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.002919, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "coconut_copra oil, oil_extracted", "amount": 1.005025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 9, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 884.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 100.0, "saturated_fat_g": 86.5, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.012700000000000001, "water_g": 0.08 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 884.0, 884.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fat_g": [ 100.0, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 86.5, 86.5 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.012700000000000001, 0.012700000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 0.08, 0.08 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A037M", "matched_term_name": "Coconut oil/fat", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "FoodEx2 facet walk: the product is processed, so the fresh term was followed via its F27 source commodity to the sibling carrying the matching F28 process (foodex2:A037M 'Coconut oil/fat')" ] }, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 refined copra-oil plant bridge to the process-based lci-food-processing cascade. Uses Yani et al. 2022 copra expeller + solvent extraction and ROP physical refining inventories, with Indonesian dehusked coconut upstream converted to dry copra input by moisture balance. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 biosphere correction is used." }, "repl_bf61d89acf0f00dc": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/AGRIBALU000009084602737", "name": "copra-based refined coconut oil production, expeller solvent oil extraction + physical oil refining", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_coconut_copra_refined_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Coconut oil (coprah), refined, consumption mix, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00003449" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A014K" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_coconut_copra_refined_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram copra-based refined coconut oil production, expeller solvent oil extraction + physical oil refining built from 2 energy / processing, 9 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram copra-based refined coconut oil production, expeller solvent oil extraction + physical oil refining", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Coconut Copra Oil production (AGRIBALU000009084602737, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction → oil_refining). GWP metadata ≈ 2.7679 kg CO2eq/kg (0.6879 processing + 2.0800 upstream coconut_copra). Oil_Extraction: Indonesian copra expeller + solvent extraction (Yani et al. 2022, Riau) (0.19340 kWh, 2.7438 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Refining: Indonesian copra physical refining, Refined Oil Plant (Yani et al. 2022, Riau) (0.07355 kWh, 1.7005 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct) Oil_Refining CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct) Oil_Refining infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Yani et al. 2022 IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1063 012017, Table 3 Refined Oil Plant and COM/SEP inventory; FAO Coconut Post-harvest Operations 2003 for 6 percent commercial copra moisture; lci-fruit Indonesian coconut activity for upstream dehusked coconut; BAFU/UVEK OGD activities for electricity, heat, water, wastewater, bleaching earth, phosphoric acid, and solvent inputs..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.073553, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: total electricity 0.0772 kWh/kg coconut oil. Submeter rows are 0.0309 general, 0.0441 deodorize RBD coconut oil, and 0.0022 deodorize FAO; these sum to 0.0772 and are counted once here.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: total electricity 0.0772 kWh/kg coconut oil. Submeter rows are 0.0309 general, 0.0441 deodorize RBD coconut oil, and 0.0022 deodorize FAO; these sum to 0.0772 and are counted once here.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, at hard coal industrial furnace 1-10MW (RER)", "amount": 1.700527, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining coal_heat_mj: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: steam input 0.7908 kg/kg coconut oil. Converted to thermal demand with the existing oil-refining convention 2.257 MJ/kg steam.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining coal_heat_mj: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: steam input 0.7908 kg/kg coconut oil. Converted to thermal demand with the existing oil-refining convention 2.257 MJ/kg steam.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Bentonite, at processing (DE)", "amount": 0.031441, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: bleaching earth 0.0330 kg/kg coconut oil.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: bleaching earth 0.0330 kg/kg coconut oil.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Phosphoric acid, industrial grade, 85% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 9.5e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining phosphoric_acid_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: phosphoric acid 0.0001 kg/kg coconut oil.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining phosphoric_acid_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: phosphoric acid 0.0001 kg/kg coconut oil.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.310125, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining water_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: water input 0.3255 L/kg coconut oil, converted at 1 kg/L.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining water_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: water input 0.3255 L/kg coconut oil, converted at 1 kg/L.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00031, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining wastewater_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: wastewater output 0.3255 L/kg coconut oil, converted at 1 kg/L.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining wastewater_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: wastewater output 0.3255 L/kg coconut oil, converted at 1 kg/L.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.002919, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "coconut_copra oil, oil_extracted", "amount": 1.005025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 9, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 884.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 100.0, "saturated_fat_g": 86.5, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.012700000000000001, "water_g": 0.08 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 884.0, 884.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fat_g": [ 100.0, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 86.5, 86.5 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.012700000000000001, 0.012700000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 0.08, 0.08 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A037M", "matched_term_name": "Coconut oil/fat", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "FoodEx2 facet walk: the product is processed, so the fresh term was followed via its F27 source commodity to the sibling carrying the matching F28 process (foodex2:A037M 'Coconut oil/fat')" ] }, "notes": "Coconut Copra Oil production (AGRIBALU000009084602737, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction → oil_refining). GWP metadata ≈ 2.7679 kg CO2eq/kg (0.6879 processing + 2.0800 upstream coconut_copra). Oil_Extraction: Indonesian copra expeller + solvent extraction (Yani et al. 2022, Riau) (0.19340 kWh, 2.7438 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Refining: Indonesian copra physical refining, Refined Oil Plant (Yani et al. 2022, Riau) (0.07355 kWh, 1.7005 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct) Oil_Refining CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct) Oil_Refining infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Yani et al. 2022 IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1063 012017, Table 3 Refined Oil Plant and COM/SEP inventory; FAO Coconut Post-harvest Operations 2003 for 6 percent commercial copra moisture; lci-fruit Indonesian coconut activity for upstream dehusked coconut; BAFU/UVEK OGD activities for electricity, heat, water, wastewater, bleaching earth, phosphoric acid, and solvent inputs.." }, "repl_8a1ce09955254858": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000009084602739", "name": "copra-based refined coconut oil production, extraction + physical refining (cascade)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_coconut_copra_refined_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Refined copra coconut oil, at gate, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A014K", "name": "Coconuts" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000009084602739", "name": "Coprah oil, refined, at gate" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541139", "name": "11390 - coconuts (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_coconut_copra_refined_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "activated_carbon_bafu_input_not_available", "copra_drying_energy_not_available", "fr_wrapper_transport_not_modelled", "not_calibrated_to_reference" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open literature, existing open tributary crop composite, and BAFU/UVEK OGD inputs only. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level inventory copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram copra-based refined coconut oil production, extraction + physical refining (cascade) built from 2 energy / processing, 9 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram copra-based refined coconut oil production, extraction + physical refining (cascade)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Agribalyse v4 refined copra-oil FR at-gate bridge to the process-based lci-food-processing cascade. Uses the same open Yani et al. 2022 copra extraction + ROP refining inventory as the plant child. French wrapper freight is not copied from the restricted reference and remains a documented gap.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.073553, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: total electricity 0.0772 kWh/kg coconut oil. Submeter rows are 0.0309 general, 0.0441 deodorize RBD coconut oil, and 0.0022 deodorize FAO; these sum to 0.0772 and are counted once here.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: total electricity 0.0772 kWh/kg coconut oil. Submeter rows are 0.0309 general, 0.0441 deodorize RBD coconut oil, and 0.0022 deodorize FAO; these sum to 0.0772 and are counted once here.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, at hard coal industrial furnace 1-10MW (RER)", "amount": 1.700527, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining coal_heat_mj: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: steam input 0.7908 kg/kg coconut oil. Converted to thermal demand with the existing oil-refining convention 2.257 MJ/kg steam.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining coal_heat_mj: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: steam input 0.7908 kg/kg coconut oil. Converted to thermal demand with the existing oil-refining convention 2.257 MJ/kg steam.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Bentonite, at processing (DE)", "amount": 0.031441, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: bleaching earth 0.0330 kg/kg coconut oil.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: bleaching earth 0.0330 kg/kg coconut oil.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Phosphoric acid, industrial grade, 85% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 9.5e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining phosphoric_acid_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: phosphoric acid 0.0001 kg/kg coconut oil.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining phosphoric_acid_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: phosphoric acid 0.0001 kg/kg coconut oil.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.310125, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining water_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: water input 0.3255 L/kg coconut oil, converted at 1 kg/L.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining water_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: water input 0.3255 L/kg coconut oil, converted at 1 kg/L.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00031, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining wastewater_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: wastewater output 0.3255 L/kg coconut oil, converted at 1 kg/L.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining wastewater_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: wastewater output 0.3255 L/kg coconut oil, converted at 1 kg/L.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.002919, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "coconut_copra oil, oil_extracted", "amount": 1.005025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 9, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 884.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 100.0, "saturated_fat_g": 86.5, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.012700000000000001, "water_g": 0.08 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 884.0, 884.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fat_g": [ 100.0, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 86.5, 86.5 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.012700000000000001, 0.012700000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 0.08, 0.08 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A037M", "matched_term_name": "Coconut oil/fat", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "FoodEx2 facet walk: the product is processed, so the fresh term was followed via its F27 source commodity to the sibling carrying the matching F28 process (foodex2:A037M 'Coconut oil/fat')" ] }, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 refined copra-oil FR at-gate bridge to the process-based lci-food-processing cascade. Uses the same open Yani et al. 2022 copra extraction + ROP refining inventory as the plant child. French wrapper freight is not copied from the restricted reference and remains a documented gap." }, "repl_c5e608d3dc8c81cf": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/AGRIBALU000009084602739", "name": "copra-based refined coconut oil production, expeller solvent oil extraction + physical oil refining", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_coconut_copra_refined_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Coconut oil (coprah), refined, consumption mix, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00003449" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A014K" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_oil_refining_coconut_copra_refined_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram copra-based refined coconut oil production, expeller solvent oil extraction + physical oil refining built from 2 energy / processing, 9 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram copra-based refined coconut oil production, expeller solvent oil extraction + physical oil refining", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Coconut Copra Oil production (AGRIBALU000009084602739, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction → oil_refining). GWP metadata ≈ 2.7679 kg CO2eq/kg (0.6879 processing + 2.0800 upstream coconut_copra). Oil_Extraction: Indonesian copra expeller + solvent extraction (Yani et al. 2022, Riau) (0.19340 kWh, 2.7438 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Refining: Indonesian copra physical refining, Refined Oil Plant (Yani et al. 2022, Riau) (0.07355 kWh, 1.7005 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct) Oil_Refining CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct) Oil_Refining infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Yani et al. 2022 IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1063 012017, Table 3 Refined Oil Plant and COM/SEP inventory; FAO Coconut Post-harvest Operations 2003 for 6 percent commercial copra moisture; lci-fruit Indonesian coconut activity for upstream dehusked coconut; BAFU/UVEK OGD activities for electricity, heat, water, wastewater, bleaching earth, phosphoric acid, and solvent inputs..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.073553, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: total electricity 0.0772 kWh/kg coconut oil. Submeter rows are 0.0309 general, 0.0441 deodorize RBD coconut oil, and 0.0022 deodorize FAO; these sum to 0.0772 and are counted once here.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining electricity_kwh: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: total electricity 0.0772 kWh/kg coconut oil. Submeter rows are 0.0309 general, 0.0441 deodorize RBD coconut oil, and 0.0022 deodorize FAO; these sum to 0.0772 and are counted once here.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, at hard coal industrial furnace 1-10MW (RER)", "amount": 1.700527, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining coal_heat_mj: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: steam input 0.7908 kg/kg coconut oil. Converted to thermal demand with the existing oil-refining convention 2.257 MJ/kg steam.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining coal_heat_mj: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: steam input 0.7908 kg/kg coconut oil. Converted to thermal demand with the existing oil-refining convention 2.257 MJ/kg steam.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Bentonite, at processing (DE)", "amount": 0.031441, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: bleaching earth 0.0330 kg/kg coconut oil.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining bleaching_earth_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: bleaching earth 0.0330 kg/kg coconut oil.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Phosphoric acid, industrial grade, 85% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 9.5e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining phosphoric_acid_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: phosphoric acid 0.0001 kg/kg coconut oil.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining phosphoric_acid_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: phosphoric acid 0.0001 kg/kg coconut oil.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.310125, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining water_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: water input 0.3255 L/kg coconut oil, converted at 1 kg/L.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining water_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: water input 0.3255 L/kg coconut oil, converted at 1 kg/L.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00031, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining wastewater_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: wastewater output 0.3255 L/kg coconut oil, converted at 1 kg/L.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "yani_2022" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining wastewater_kg: Table 3 Refined Oil Plant: wastewater output 0.3255 L/kg coconut oil, converted at 1 kg/L.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "coconut_copra oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "coconut_copra oil_refining machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.002919, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "coconut_copra oil, oil_extracted", "amount": 1.005025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 9, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 884.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 100.0, "saturated_fat_g": 86.5, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.012700000000000001, "water_g": 0.08 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 884.0, 884.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fat_g": [ 100.0, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 86.5, 86.5 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.012700000000000001, 0.012700000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 0.08, 0.08 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A037M", "matched_term_name": "Coconut oil/fat", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "FoodEx2 facet walk: the product is processed, so the fresh term was followed via its F27 source commodity to the sibling carrying the matching F28 process (foodex2:A037M 'Coconut oil/fat')" ] }, "notes": "Coconut Copra Oil production (AGRIBALU000009084602739, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction → oil_refining). GWP metadata ≈ 2.7679 kg CO2eq/kg (0.6879 processing + 2.0800 upstream coconut_copra). Oil_Extraction: Indonesian copra expeller + solvent extraction (Yani et al. 2022, Riau) (0.19340 kWh, 2.7438 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Refining: Indonesian copra physical refining, Refined Oil Plant (Yani et al. 2022, Riau) (0.07355 kWh, 1.7005 MJ/kg oil). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct) Oil_Refining CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct) Oil_Refining infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Yani et al. 2022 IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1063 012017, Table 3 Refined Oil Plant and COM/SEP inventory; FAO Coconut Post-harvest Operations 2003 for 6 percent commercial copra moisture; lci-fruit Indonesian coconut activity for upstream dehusked coconut; BAFU/UVEK OGD activities for electricity, heat, water, wastewater, bleaching earth, phosphoric acid, and solvent inputs.." }, "repl_15443cd8d659a707": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy3", "name": "wheat flour production, dry roller milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_flour_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat flour, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A003X" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25511" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "c7b1f264-abe2-47c4-8fcf-db3229228485" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540088", "name": "00880 - wheat flour (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_flour_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat flour production, dry roller milling built from 3 energy / processing, 2 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat flour production, dry roller milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Wheat Conventional Flour production (copy3, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.8092 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.7783 upstream wheat_conventional). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280, DOI 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.034) for the milling SEC; IAOM 0.77 extraction for the substrate-side mass balance.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0901, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0231, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "uk_flour_millers_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "wheat grain (Wheat IP, at feed mill, BAFU 262716; same farm-gate dataset EDB market-for-wheat-flour binds)", "amount": 1.298701, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.7700, economic)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.7700, economic)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 352.0, "protein_g": 10.4, "fat_g": 1.8, "saturated_fat_g": 0.24, "carbohydrates_g": 72.2, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 2.8, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0083058, "water_g": 12.2 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 313.0, 361.0 ], "protein_g": [ 8.6, 13.9 ], "fat_g": [ 0.65, 2.5 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.447 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 57.9, 80.51 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 2.1 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 8.4 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.02497074 ], "water_g": [ 6.35, 14.7 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A003X", "matched_term_name": "Wheat flour", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 40, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Wheat Conventional Flour production (copy3, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.8092 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.7783 upstream wheat_conventional). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280, DOI 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.034) for the milling SEC; IAOM 0.77 extraction for the substrate-side mass balance." }, "repl_fc3d2176c2e835ec": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy13", "name": "wheat wholemeal flour production, dry roller milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_wholemeal_flour_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat flour, whole, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A003X" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25511" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "c7b1f264-abe2-47c4-8fcf-db3229228485" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540088", "name": "00880 - wheat flour (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_wholemeal_flour_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat wholemeal flour production, dry roller milling built from 3 energy / processing, 2 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat wholemeal flour production, dry roller milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Wheat Conventional Wholemeal Flour production (copy13, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.6301 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.5993 upstream wheat_conventional). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg wholemeal_flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; product_properties roller_milling_wholemeal extraction=1.0.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0901, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0231, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "uk_flour_millers_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "wheat grain (Wheat IP, at feed mill, BAFU 262716)", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 352.0, "protein_g": 10.4, "fat_g": 1.8, "saturated_fat_g": 0.24, "carbohydrates_g": 72.2, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 2.8, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0083058, "water_g": 12.2 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 313.0, 361.0 ], "protein_g": [ 8.6, 13.9 ], "fat_g": [ 0.65, 2.5 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.447 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 57.9, 80.51 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 2.1 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 8.4 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.02497074 ], "water_g": [ 6.35, 14.7 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A003X", "matched_term_name": "Wheat flour", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 40, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Wheat Conventional Wholemeal Flour production (copy13, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.6301 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.5993 upstream wheat_conventional). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg wholemeal_flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; product_properties roller_milling_wholemeal extraction=1.0." }, "repl_592d407249c0e68b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy18", "name": "whole wheat flour production, dry roller milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_wholemeal_flour_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "whole wheat flour, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_f61192e5" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03302340" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "whole-wheat-flours" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_wholemeal_flour_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram whole wheat flour production, dry roller milling built from 3 energy / processing, 2 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram whole wheat flour production, dry roller milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Wheat Conventional Wholemeal Flour production (copy18, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.6301 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.5993 upstream wheat_conventional). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg wholemeal_flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; product_properties roller_milling_wholemeal extraction=1.0.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0901, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0231, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "uk_flour_millers_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "wheat grain (Wheat IP, at feed mill, BAFU 262716)", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 359.0, "protein_g": 13.0, "fat_g": 1.7, "saturated_fat_g": 0.3, "carbohydrates_g": 71.4, "sugars_g": 0.3, "fiber_g": 8.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00508, "water_g": 12.7 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 359.0, 359.0 ], "protein_g": [ 13.0, 13.0 ], "fat_g": [ 1.7, 1.7 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.3, 0.3 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 71.4, 71.4 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.3, 0.3 ], "fiber_g": [ 8.0, 8.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.00508, 0.00508 ], "water_g": [ 12.7, 12.7 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Whole wheat flour", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.961, "embedding_distance": 0.039, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'whole wheat flour' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Wheat Conventional Wholemeal Flour production (copy18, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.6301 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.5993 upstream wheat_conventional). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg wholemeal_flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; product_properties roller_milling_wholemeal extraction=1.0." }, "repl_8ed83468a1d48033": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/6b05887aa28e4245b419979ad9524f70", "name": "durum semolina production, dry roller milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_durum_semolina_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "semolina, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0ETL" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_14196" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "semolina-puddings" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540104", "name": "01040 - semolina (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_durum_semolina_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram durum semolina production, dry roller milling built from 3 energy / processing, 2 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram durum semolina production, dry roller milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Durum Wheat Semolina production (6b05887aa28e4245b419979ad9524f70, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.8749 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.8441 upstream durum_wheat). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg semolina). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC (proxy; durum-specific SEC not yet in pool); roller_milling_semolina extraction=0.71.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0901, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0231, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "uk_flour_millers_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "durum wheat grain (wheat proxy: Wheat IP, at feed mill, BAFU 262716)", "amount": 1.408451, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.7100, economic)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.7100, economic)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 347.0, "protein_g": 10.8, "fat_g": 1.2, "saturated_fat_g": 0.1613, "carbohydrates_g": 70.59833333333333, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 3.9, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.003528, "water_g": 12.7 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 310.23, 360.0 ], "protein_g": [ 8.66, 13.3 ], "fat_g": [ 0.74, 2.19 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.33 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 61.6, 77.9 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.6 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 10.4 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.015 ], "water_g": [ 4.4, 19.9 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A0ETL", "matched_term_name": "Semolina", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 18, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Durum Wheat Semolina production (6b05887aa28e4245b419979ad9524f70, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.8749 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.8441 upstream durum_wheat). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg semolina). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC (proxy; durum-specific SEC not yet in pool); roller_milling_semolina extraction=0.71." }, "repl_f54a65ed9e077f00": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/6b05887aa28e4245b419979ad9524f70_copy2", "name": "durum semolina production, dry roller milling (cascade, copy2)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_durum_semolina_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "semolina, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0ETL" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_14196" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "semolina-puddings" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540104", "name": "01040 - semolina (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_durum_semolina_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram durum semolina production, dry roller milling (cascade, copy2) built from 3 energy / processing, 2 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram durum semolina production, dry roller milling (cascade, copy2)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Durum Wheat Semolina production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.8749 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.8441 upstream durum_wheat). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg semolina). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; roller_milling_semolina extraction=0.71.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0901, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0231, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "uk_flour_millers_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "durum wheat grain (wheat proxy: Wheat IP, at feed mill, BAFU 262716)", "amount": 1.408451, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.7100, economic)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.7100, economic)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 347.0, "protein_g": 10.8, "fat_g": 1.2, "saturated_fat_g": 0.1613, "carbohydrates_g": 70.59833333333333, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 3.9, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.003528, "water_g": 12.7 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 310.23, 360.0 ], "protein_g": [ 8.66, 13.3 ], "fat_g": [ 0.74, 2.19 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.33 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 61.6, 77.9 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.6 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 10.4 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.015 ], "water_g": [ 4.4, 19.9 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A0ETL", "matched_term_name": "Semolina", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 18, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Durum Wheat Semolina production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.8749 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.8441 upstream durum_wheat). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg semolina). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; roller_milling_semolina extraction=0.71." }, "repl_e264006d1d6a4c93": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/6b05887aa28e4245b419979ad9524f70_copy1", "name": "durum wholemeal semolina production, dry roller milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_durum_wholemeal_semolina_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wholemeal semolina, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6ffb585d" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "wholemeal-rusks" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A006P" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540164", "name": "01640 - rusk, wholemeal (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_durum_wholemeal_semolina_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram durum wholemeal semolina production, dry roller milling built from 3 energy / processing, 2 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram durum wholemeal semolina production, dry roller milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Durum Wheat Wholemeal Semolina production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.7359 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.7051 upstream durum_wheat). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg wholemeal_semolina). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; roller_milling_wholemeal_semolina extraction=0.85.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0901, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0231, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "uk_flour_millers_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "durum wheat grain (wheat proxy: Wheat IP, at feed mill, BAFU 262716)", "amount": 1.176471, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.8500, economic)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.8500, economic)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Durum Wheat Wholemeal Semolina production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.7359 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.7051 upstream durum_wheat). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg wholemeal_semolina). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; roller_milling_wholemeal_semolina extraction=0.85." }, "repl_8fd0faabeabc1077": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/6b05887aa28e4245b419979ad9524f70_copy3", "name": "maize polenta production, dry roller milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_maize_polenta_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "maize semolina / polenta, wholegrain, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "puffed-wholegrain-rice-cakes" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_maize_polenta_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram maize polenta production, dry roller milling built from 2 energy / processing, 3 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram maize polenta production, dry roller milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Maize Polenta production (copy3, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.8035 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.7726 upstream maize). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg polenta). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; dry_milling.polenta extraction=0.75 proxy.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0901, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0231, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "uk_flour_millers_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Grain maize IP, at feed mill (BAFU 242445, CH)", "amount": 1.333333, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.7500, economic)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.7500, economic)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Maize Polenta production (copy3, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.8035 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.7726 upstream maize). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg polenta). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; dry_milling.polenta extraction=0.75 proxy." }, "repl_21605383292117ac": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy29", "name": "linseed flour production, cold press oil extraction + roller grain milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_grain_milling_linseed_linseed_flour_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "linseed flour, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_12192" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "9d858a25-0611-42a3-a3ec-716d50d7a774" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A015G" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541179", "name": "11790 - linseeds (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_grain_milling_linseed_linseed_flour_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "spinelli_2012", "text": "Spinelli et al. 2012 (processing inventory)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "adenan_2015", "text": "Adenan et al. 2015 (drying inventory)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram linseed flour production, cold press oil extraction + roller grain milling built from 2 energy / processing, 2 processing input, 4 other input, 1 seed; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram linseed flour production, cold press oil extraction + roller grain milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Linseed Flour production (copy29, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction → grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.7456 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0490 processing + 0.6965 upstream linseed). Oil_Extraction: French rapeseed cold pressing + solvent extraction (Quinsac et al. 2015, Table 6 CP route) (0.01768 kWh, 0.2204 MJ/kg linseed_flour). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg linseed_flour). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct) Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct) Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Linseed cold-press (Deng et al. 2016 Table 3, economic AF 0.28 to meal); M1 Ladha-Sabur 2019 roller-mill SEC proxy for the meal-milling stage; linseed.roller_milling_meal yield 0.97 placeholder.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0901, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0231, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "uk_flour_millers_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 0.002919, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "linseed linseed_flour, oil_extracted", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 900.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 100.0, "saturated_fat_g": 9.2, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 0.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 884.08, 900.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.11 ], "fat_g": [ 99.98, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 7.9, 10.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 0.12 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A037G", "matched_term_name": "Linseed oil", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 7, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "FoodEx2 facet walk: the product is processed, so the fresh term was followed via its F27 source commodity to the sibling carrying the matching F28 process (foodex2:A037G 'Linseed oil')" ] }, "notes": "Linseed Flour production (copy29, RER): chained cascade (oil_extraction → grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.7456 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0490 processing + 0.6965 upstream linseed). Oil_Extraction: French rapeseed cold pressing + solvent extraction (Quinsac et al. 2015, Table 6 CP route) (0.01768 kWh, 0.2204 MJ/kg linseed_flour). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg linseed_flour). Oil_Extraction CIP overhead: Sunflower oil-mill mechanical-line lubricant proxy (Spinelli 2012) (source: spinelli_2012, mode: direct) Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Oil_Extraction infrastructure: Adenan 2015 Malaysian palm oil mill (FFB sterilisation + screw press) (source: adenan_2015, mode: direct) Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Linseed cold-press (Deng et al. 2016 Table 3, economic AF 0.28 to meal); M1 Ladha-Sabur 2019 roller-mill SEC proxy for the meal-milling stage; linseed.roller_milling_meal yield 0.97 placeholder." }, "repl_b137c7d440dfa690": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy34", "name": "lentil flour production, dry roller milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_lentil_flour_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "lentil flour, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "lentil-flours" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_lentil_flour_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram lentil flour production, dry roller milling built from 2 energy / processing, 3 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram lentil flour production, dry roller milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Lentil Flour production (copy34, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.6829 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.6521 upstream lentil). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg lentil_flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC (proxy for pulse roller-milling); product_properties dehulling_splitting + 'lentil_flour' mass balance (to be added in product_properties).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0901, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0231, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "uk_flour_millers_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "lentil grain (protein-pea proxy, BAFU 575749; same dataset EDB lentil production binds)", "amount": 1.041667, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.9600, economic)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.9600, economic)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 348.0, "protein_g": 27.525, "fat_g": 1.3399999999999999, "saturated_fat_g": 0.075, "carbohydrates_g": 59.24, "sugars_g": 2.93, "fiber_g": 5.8, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.013970000000000002, "water_g": 6.265000000000001 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 329.0, 367.0 ], "protein_g": [ 24.6, 30.45 ], "fat_g": [ 1.04, 1.64 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.15 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 56.53, 61.95 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 5.86 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 11.6 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.027940000000000003 ], "water_g": [ 3.63, 8.9 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "off:lentil-flours", "matched_term_name": "Lentil flours", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 2, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Lentil Flour production (copy34, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.6829 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.6521 upstream lentil). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg lentil_flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC (proxy for pulse roller-milling); product_properties dehulling_splitting + 'lentil_flour' mass balance (to be added in product_properties)." }, "repl_b04b9dc997289f39": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy6", "name": "rye flour production, dry roller milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_rye_flour_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "rye flour, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A003J" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25501" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03302492" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_rye_flour_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram rye flour production, dry roller milling built from 2 energy / processing, 3 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram rye flour production, dry roller milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Rye Conventional Flour production (copy6, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.6100 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.5792 upstream rye_conventional). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; roller_milling_flour extraction=0.85.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0901, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0231, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "uk_flour_millers_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rye grain (Rye grains conventional, at farm, BAFU 427554)", "amount": 1.176471, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.8500, economic)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.8500, economic)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 332.0, "protein_g": 9.39, "fat_g": 1.8, "saturated_fat_g": 0.2, "carbohydrates_g": 63.36, "sugars_g": 1.09, "fiber_g": 14.1, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.002545, "water_g": 10.7 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 272.0, 357.6246778 ], "protein_g": [ 5.8, 12.6 ], "fat_g": [ 1.2, 2.309999942779541 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.18, 0.38999998569488525 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 54.9, 79.5 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 2.05 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 21.299999237060547 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.01016 ], "water_g": [ 6.7, 14.3 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A003J", "matched_term_name": "Rye flour", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 17, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Rye Conventional Flour production (copy6, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.6100 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.5792 upstream rye_conventional). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; roller_milling_flour extraction=0.85." }, "repl_e8fd8cbfb839987f": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy9", "name": "rye flour, organic, dry roller milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_rye_flour_organic_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "rye flour, organic, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A003J" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25501" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03302492" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_rye_flour_organic_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram rye flour, organic, dry roller milling built from 2 energy / processing, 3 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram rye flour, organic, dry roller milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Rye Conventional Flour production (copy9, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.5084 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.4775 upstream rye_conventional). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; roller_milling_flour extraction=0.85; organic rye grain BAFU 520229..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0901, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0231, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "uk_flour_millers_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rye grain (Rye grains organic, at farm, BAFU 520229)", "amount": 1.176471, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.8500, economic)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.8500, economic)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 332.0, "protein_g": 9.39, "fat_g": 1.8, "saturated_fat_g": 0.2, "carbohydrates_g": 63.36, "sugars_g": 1.09, "fiber_g": 14.1, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.002545, "water_g": 10.7 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 272.0, 357.6246778 ], "protein_g": [ 5.8, 12.6 ], "fat_g": [ 1.2, 2.309999942779541 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.18, 0.38999998569488525 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 54.9, 79.5 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 2.05 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 21.299999237060547 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.01016 ], "water_g": [ 6.7, 14.3 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A003J", "matched_term_name": "Rye flour", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 17, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Rye Conventional Flour production (copy9, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.5084 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.4775 upstream rye_conventional). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; roller_milling_flour extraction=0.85; organic rye grain BAFU 520229.." }, "repl_ae1fbfed4cff9054": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy8", "name": "rye grist production, coarse roller milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_rye_grist_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "rye grist, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_14010" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "rye" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "B1313" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_rye_grist_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram rye grist production, coarse roller milling built from 2 energy / processing, 3 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram rye grist production, coarse roller milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Rye Conventional Grist production (copy8, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.5384 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.5075 upstream rye_conventional). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg grist). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC (proxy; finer than grist); roller_milling_grist extraction=0.97.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0901, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0231, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "uk_flour_millers_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rye grain (Rye grains conventional, at farm, BAFU 427554)", "amount": 1.030928, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.9700, economic)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.9700, economic)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 305.45, "protein_g": 9.2, "fat_g": 1.7, "saturated_fat_g": 0.197, "carbohydrates_g": 57.099998474121094, "sugars_g": 1.12, "fiber_g": 13.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00508, "water_g": 10.95 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 193.0, 406.4775042 ], "protein_g": [ 5.44522, 15.9 ], "fat_g": [ 1.1, 4.3 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.5883 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 26.0, 79.8 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 6.1 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 20.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.016 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 37.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "agrovoc:c_14010", "matched_term_name": "rye", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 17, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Rye Conventional Grist production (copy8, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.5384 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.5075 upstream rye_conventional). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg grist). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC (proxy; finer than grist); roller_milling_grist extraction=0.97." }, "repl_177ed251352c76b3": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy7", "name": "rye grist, organic, coarse roller milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_rye_grist_organic_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "rye grist, organic, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "hestia", "id": "organic" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A07SE" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_rye_grist_organic_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram rye grist, organic, coarse roller milling built from 2 energy / processing, 3 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram rye grist, organic, coarse roller milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Rye Conventional Grist production (copy7, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.4493 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.4185 upstream rye_conventional). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg grist). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC (proxy; finer than grist); roller_milling_grist extraction=0.97; organic rye grain BAFU 520229..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0901, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0231, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "uk_flour_millers_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rye grain (Rye grains organic, at farm, BAFU 520229)", "amount": 1.030928, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.9700, economic)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling co-product allocation (factor 0.9700, economic)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Rye Conventional Grist production (copy7, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). GWP metadata ≈ 0.4493 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0308 processing + 0.4185 upstream rye_conventional). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg grist). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC (proxy; finer than grist); roller_milling_grist extraction=0.97; organic rye grain BAFU 520229.." }, "repl_f745642ba7d773da": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy14", "name": "spelt white flour production, dry roller milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_spelt_white_flour_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "spelt white flour, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "langual", "id": "B2917" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A001R" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540062", "name": "00620 - spelt grain (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_spelt_white_flour_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram spelt white flour production, dry roller milling built from 2 energy / processing, 2 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram spelt white flour production, dry roller milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Spelt White Flour production (copy14, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0308 kg CO2eq/kg. Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg spelt_white_flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC (proxy; spelt hulling adds energy not yet in pool); hulling_roller_milling_white extraction=0.61.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0901, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0231, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "uk_flour_millers_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 233.9499969482422, "protein_g": 10.650000095367432, "fat_g": 1.275000023841858, "saturated_fat_g": 0.15000000596046448, "carbohydrates_g": 43.519999237060546, "sugars_g": 4.629999904632569, "fiber_g": 6.95, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00703749999627471, "water_g": 38.330000190734864 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 127.0, 340.8999938964844 ], "protein_g": [ 5.5, 15.800000190734863 ], "fat_g": [ 0.85, 1.7000000476837158 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.30000001192092896 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 26.44, 60.599998474121094 ], "sugars_g": [ 2.56, 6.699999809265137 ], "fiber_g": [ 3.9, 10.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0013749999925494194, 0.012700000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 10.100000381469727, 66.56 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A001R", "matched_term_name": "Spelt grain", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 2, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Spelt White Flour production (copy14, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0308 kg CO2eq/kg. Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg spelt_white_flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC (proxy; spelt hulling adds energy not yet in pool); hulling_roller_milling_white extraction=0.61." }, "repl_10cb092125f679a4": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy16", "name": "spelt wholemeal flour production, dry roller milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_spelt_wholemeal_flour_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "spelt whole flour, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "langual", "id": "B2917" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A001R" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540062", "name": "00620 - spelt grain (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_spelt_wholemeal_flour_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram spelt wholemeal flour production, dry roller milling built from 2 energy / processing, 2 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram spelt wholemeal flour production, dry roller milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Spelt Wholemeal Flour production (copy16, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0308 kg CO2eq/kg. Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg spelt_wholemeal_flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC (proxy); hulling_roller_milling_wholemeal extraction=0.72.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0901, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0231, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "uk_flour_millers_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 233.9499969482422, "protein_g": 10.650000095367432, "fat_g": 1.275000023841858, "saturated_fat_g": 0.15000000596046448, "carbohydrates_g": 43.519999237060546, "sugars_g": 4.629999904632569, "fiber_g": 6.95, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00703749999627471, "water_g": 38.330000190734864 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 127.0, 340.8999938964844 ], "protein_g": [ 5.5, 15.800000190734863 ], "fat_g": [ 0.85, 1.7000000476837158 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.30000001192092896 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 26.44, 60.599998474121094 ], "sugars_g": [ 2.56, 6.699999809265137 ], "fiber_g": [ 3.9, 10.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0013749999925494194, 0.012700000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 10.100000381469727, 66.56 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A001R", "matched_term_name": "Spelt grain", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 2, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Spelt Wholemeal Flour production (copy16, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0308 kg CO2eq/kg. Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg spelt_wholemeal_flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC (proxy); hulling_roller_milling_wholemeal extraction=0.72." }, "repl_35b722ecefad0a76": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy20", "name": "spelt white flour, organic, dry roller milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_spelt_white_flour_organic_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "spelt white flour, organic, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "hestia", "id": "organic" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A07SE" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_spelt_white_flour_organic_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.66, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram spelt white flour, organic, dry roller milling built from 2 energy / processing, 2 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram spelt white flour, organic, dry roller milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Spelt White Flour production (copy20, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0308 kg CO2eq/kg. Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg spelt_white_flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; hulling_roller_milling_white extraction=0.61.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0901, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0231, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "uk_flour_millers_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Spelt White Flour production (copy20, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0308 kg CO2eq/kg. Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg spelt_white_flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; hulling_roller_milling_white extraction=0.61." }, "repl_b80936abea209856": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy21", "name": "spelt wholemeal flour, organic, dry roller milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_spelt_wholemeal_flour_organic_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "spelt whole flour, organic, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "hestia", "id": "organic" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A07SE" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_spelt_wholemeal_flour_organic_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.66, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram spelt wholemeal flour, organic, dry roller milling built from 2 energy / processing, 2 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram spelt wholemeal flour, organic, dry roller milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Spelt Wholemeal Flour production (copy21, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0308 kg CO2eq/kg. Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg spelt_wholemeal_flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; hulling_roller_milling_wholemeal extraction=0.72.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0901, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0231, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "uk_flour_millers_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Spelt Wholemeal Flour production (copy21, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0308 kg CO2eq/kg. Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg spelt_wholemeal_flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 (M1) SEC; hulling_roller_milling_wholemeal extraction=0.72." }, "repl_5f40e07e217f6400": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/d8914c39cfabf2a60377ade13fd91f39_copy2", "name": "spelt white flour, organic, dry roller milling (cascade, OLD-prod EDB UUID)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_spelt_white_flour_organic_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "spelt flour, white, organic, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A004H" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00004721" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "spelt-flours" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_spelt_white_flour_organic_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.66, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram spelt white flour, organic, dry roller milling (cascade, OLD-prod EDB UUID) built from 2 energy / processing, 2 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram spelt white flour, organic, dry roller milling (cascade, OLD-prod EDB UUID)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Spelt White Flour production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0308 kg CO2eq/kg. Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg spelt_white_flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Same as copy20..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0901, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0231, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "uk_flour_millers_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 347.2499969482422, "protein_g": 13.25, "fat_g": 2.050000023841858, "saturated_fat_g": 0.3, "carbohydrates_g": 66.80000000000001, "sugars_g": 0.9, "fiber_g": 4.400000095367432, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 11.905 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 231.0, 351.34 ], "protein_g": [ 7.9, 18.7 ], "fat_g": [ 1.6, 4.3 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.18, 0.53 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 38.8, 70.2 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.3, 2.6 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 10.7 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0025499999999999997 ], "water_g": [ 10.3, 13.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A004H", "matched_term_name": "Spelt flour", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 10, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Spelt White Flour production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0308 kg CO2eq/kg. Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg spelt_white_flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Same as copy20.." }, "repl_f24755f7887eb16b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/d8914c39cfabf2a60377ade13fd91f39_copy3", "name": "spelt wholemeal flour, organic, dry roller milling (cascade, OLD-prod EDB UUID)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_spelt_wholemeal_flour_organic_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "spelt flour, wholemeal, organic, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A004L" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "A004L" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540087" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_spelt_wholemeal_flour_organic_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.66, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram spelt wholemeal flour, organic, dry roller milling (cascade, OLD-prod EDB UUID) built from 2 energy / processing, 2 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram spelt wholemeal flour, organic, dry roller milling (cascade, OLD-prod EDB UUID)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Spelt Wholemeal Flour production (copy3, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0308 kg CO2eq/kg. Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg spelt_wholemeal_flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Same as copy21..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0901, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling electricity_kwh: Ladha-Sabur, Bakalis, Fryer & Lopez-Quiroga (2019) Mapping energy consumption in food manufacturing, Trends Food Sci Technol 86:270-280. Section 3.1 (Grains and oilseed milling, p. 271): 'Between 2005 and 2015, an average of 0.42 MJ/kg of electricity and 0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process (Appendix A).' Ladha-Sabur reports values on a per-kg-product-output basis (PEI methodology, Section 2). Back-converted to per-kg-grain-input using the IAOM-canonical wheat extraction rate of 0.77: 0.42 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.3234 MJ/kg grain = 0.0898 kWh/kg grain, rounded 0.0901. The min/max range comes from the literature envelope around the 0.42 MJ/kg central value: 0.080-0.150 kWh/kg flour times 0.77 = 0.0616-0.1155 kWh/kg grain. This converges with Meuser & Huster 1994 monolith-cited value of 92 kWh/t grain (0.092 kWh/kg grain) -- back-converting both sources to native input basis exposes the agreement that was hidden by the PEI mismatch.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0231, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "sabur_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling natural_gas_mj: Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019 Section 3.1 (p. 271): '0.03 MJ/kg of fuel was reported for the milling process'. Small thermal demand for grain conditioning steam. Back-converted from per-kg-product PEI to per-kg-grain-input using IAOM 0.77 extraction: 0.03 MJ/kg flour x 0.77 = 0.0231 MJ/kg grain.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "uk_flour_millers_2024" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling water_kg: UK Flour Millers process description: grain tempering raises moisture by roughly 2 percentage points (from ~14 percent to 15-16.5 percent) before milling. The tempering water is added per kg grain entering the mill (not per kg flour leaving), so this flow is naturally input-basis. ~0.025 kg conditioning water per kg grain. Ladha-Sabur does not quantify water; carried as a small declared flow per P7 (declare-even-if-small) defence.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "wheat_conventional grain_milling machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Spelt Wholemeal Flour production (copy3, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0308 kg CO2eq/kg. Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09010 kWh, 0.0231 MJ/kg spelt_wholemeal_flour). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Same as copy21.." }, "repl_97586a67be140536": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/4b62808842044a0cbc0951f831a06b77", "name": "dried apricot production, hot-air drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_apricot_drying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "dried apricot, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01MD" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "dried-apricots" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "A01MD" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541797", "name": "17970 - dried apricots (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_apricot_drying_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram dried apricot production, hot-air drying built from 1 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram dried apricot production, hot-air drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Apricot Dried production (4b62808842044a0cbc0951f831a06b77, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 1.3413 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt dryer (fruit & vegetable, continuous single/partial-recirculation) (0.00000 kWh, 23.7593 MJ/kg dried). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt drying SEC 4.41 MJ/kg water (bracketed by the two verified De Marco et al. 2015 routes, drum 3.47 + spray 5.35; replaces the demoted artisanal Goncalves & Neto 2023 apple-snack proxy); moisture balance from USDA FDC 9024 fresh + 9025 dried + Codex CXS 130-1981.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 23.759302, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 5.387597, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 245.4600067138672, "protein_g": 3.39, "fat_g": 0.5, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 55.0533333333333, "sugars_g": 34.61, "fiber_g": 7.699999809265137, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.025400000000000002, "water_g": 25.9 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 85.0, 577.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.8, 9.7 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 1.7 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 3.2 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 2.52, 73.4 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 66.5 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 17.67 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.14224 ], "water_g": [ 4.49, 76.4 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A01MD", "matched_term_name": "Dried apricots", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 25, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "FoodEx2 facet walk: the product is processed, so the fresh term was followed via its F27 source commodity to the sibling carrying the matching F28 process (foodex2:A01MD 'Dried apricots')" ] }, "notes": "Apricot Dried production (4b62808842044a0cbc0951f831a06b77, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 1.3413 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt dryer (fruit & vegetable, continuous single/partial-recirculation) (0.00000 kWh, 23.7593 MJ/kg dried). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt drying SEC 4.41 MJ/kg water (bracketed by the two verified De Marco et al. 2015 routes, drum 3.47 + spray 5.35; replaces the demoted artisanal Goncalves & Neto 2023 apple-snack proxy); moisture balance from USDA FDC 9024 fresh + 9025 dried + Codex CXS 130-1981." }, "repl_d0959c42b180ed49": { "ecoinvent_reference": "food_processing_synthetic/peach_pitted_dried_at_plant_FR", "name": "dried pitted peach production, LPSSD-FIR treatment", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_peach_pitted_dried_lpssd_fir_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Peach, pitted, dried, LPSSD-FIR treatment, processing only, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01GM", "name": "Peaches" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "peachTree", "name": "Peach tree" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541506", "name": "15060 - common peaches (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_peach_pitted_dried_lpssd_fir_FR" }, "note": "Process-based LPSSD-FIR drying inventory from open physical inputs. Electricity, methane heat and process water are itemized as technosphere exchanges; no calibrated residual or copied restricted flow-level data is used." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram dried pitted peach production, LPSSD-FIR treatment built from 2 energy / processing, 6 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram dried pitted peach production, LPSSD-FIR treatment", "derivation": "1 kg pitted dried peach semi-finished product at plant, France Peach Pitted Dried production (FR, FR): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.5625 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: LPSSD-FIR dried peach line (Iannone et al. 2020) (0.68400 kWh, 8.9858 MJ/kg dried). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Iannone, Riemma & De Marco 2020 Chemical Engineering Transactions 79, Table 2 LPSSD-FIR. Row-count discipline: five non-packaging processing rows are mapped exactly once: electricity 0.684 kWh, process water input 2.76 kg, methane 0.251 m3, product output 1 kg and output water 3.16 kg per kg dried peach. Methane is converted at 35.8 MJ/m3 LHV. USDA FDC 169932 supplies the independent low-moisture dried-peach endpoint at 7.5 percent water. Packaging rows in the paper are excluded because lci-packaging owns packaging..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 8.9858, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "iannone_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.684, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "iannone_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 3.16, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "iannone_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 2.76, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "iannone_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg pitted dried peach semi-finished product at plant, France", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate LPSSD-FIR treatment only: far-infrared radiation, vacuum pumping, steam generation, process-water input and recovered water output. Upstream peach cultivation/pitting and downstream packaging, distribution, retail and household use are excluded and owned by other tributaries.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": 0.925, "why_functional_unit": "Iannone, Riemma & De Marco 2020 Table 2 reports the LPSSD-FIR utility rows per 1 kg dried packaged peach; packaging rows are excluded here. USDA FDC 169932 supplies the independent low-moisture dried-peach endpoint at 7.5 g water per 100 g." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical input rates are from an open peer-reviewed transcript and USDA FDC public-domain data; BAFU/UVEK technosphere anchors are OGD. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level data is copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "iannone-2020-lpssd-fir-peach", "text": "Iannone R., Riemma S., De Marco I. (2020), A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment Study on Conservation of Semi-Finished Peaches, Chemical Engineering Transactions 79." }, { "handle": "usda-fdc-169932", "text": "USDA FoodData Central SR Legacy FDC 169932, Peaches, dehydrated (low-moisture), sulfured, uncooked." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2025", "text": "Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Peach Pitted Dried production (FR, FR): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.5625 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: LPSSD-FIR dried peach line (Iannone et al. 2020) (0.68400 kWh, 8.9858 MJ/kg dried). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Iannone, Riemma & De Marco 2020 Chemical Engineering Transactions 79, Table 2 LPSSD-FIR. Row-count discipline: five non-packaging processing rows are mapped exactly once: electricity 0.684 kWh, process water input 2.76 kg, methane 0.251 m3, product output 1 kg and output water 3.16 kg per kg dried peach. Methane is converted at 35.8 MJ/m3 LHV. USDA FDC 169932 supplies the independent low-moisture dried-peach endpoint at 7.5 percent water. Packaging rows in the paper are excluded because lci-packaging owns packaging.." }, "repl_55b0da8a5d8b2436": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/8979aaf2fc7746d4b6a98e0d252fcd43", "name": "dried chamomile flower production, hot-air drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_chamomile_drying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "chamomile flower dried, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A03JC" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_9733" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "B2045" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543577", "name": "35770 - chamomile (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_chamomile_drying_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": false, "note": "Closure reaches licensed background (ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff) — NOT ecoinvent-free. Cite, do not redistribute as BAFU-clean.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram dried chamomile flower production, hot-air drying built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram dried chamomile flower production, hot-air drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Chamomile Flowers Dried production (8979aaf2fc7746d4b6a98e0d252fcd43, RER): chained cascade (drying). GWP metadata ≈ 3.8713 kg CO2eq/kg (1.4501 processing + 2.4212 upstream chamomile). Drying: Batch fixed-bed grate dryer for medicinal/aromatic herbs (chamomile flowers, ~40 deg C, partial air recirculation) (0.35399 kWh, 23.6290 MJ/kg flowers_dried). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Chamomile-specific batch fixed-bed grate drying: 5.26 MJ/kg water delivered heat (BAFU 252893) + 0.0788 kWh/kg water blower electricity (BAFU 302061), from Ziegler 2020 Table 4 Variant A (100% conventional NG heating; delivered-heat basis 19.1 MWh / 13.07 t water, NOT the fuel row which would double-count boiler loss against the heat EF). Replaces the prior generic industrial fruit/vegetable belt-dryer proxy (4.41 MJ/kg water, no electricity) that the code flagged pending a medicinal-herb source -- Ziegler shows the 40 degC batch regime is a modest under-estimate at the upper end of the De Marco 2015 bracket, not an over-estimate; moisture balance from Ronga 2019 + European Pharmacopoeia 2.8.6; upstream fresh chamomile from EDB 4e17fae2 (open reconstruction, 0.4408 kg CO2eq/kg).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 23.628956, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "ziegler_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.353985, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "ziegler_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 4.492197, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "ziegler_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Chamomile Flowers Dried production (8979aaf2fc7746d4b6a98e0d252fcd43, RER): chained cascade (drying). GWP metadata ≈ 3.8713 kg CO2eq/kg (1.4501 processing + 2.4212 upstream chamomile). Drying: Batch fixed-bed grate dryer for medicinal/aromatic herbs (chamomile flowers, ~40 deg C, partial air recirculation) (0.35399 kWh, 23.6290 MJ/kg flowers_dried). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Chamomile-specific batch fixed-bed grate drying: 5.26 MJ/kg water delivered heat (BAFU 252893) + 0.0788 kWh/kg water blower electricity (BAFU 302061), from Ziegler 2020 Table 4 Variant A (100% conventional NG heating; delivered-heat basis 19.1 MWh / 13.07 t water, NOT the fuel row which would double-count boiler loss against the heat EF). Replaces the prior generic industrial fruit/vegetable belt-dryer proxy (4.41 MJ/kg water, no electricity) that the code flagged pending a medicinal-herb source -- Ziegler shows the 40 degC batch regime is a modest under-estimate at the upper end of the De Marco 2015 bracket, not an over-estimate; moisture balance from Ronga 2019 + European Pharmacopoeia 2.8.6; upstream fresh chamomile from EDB 4e17fae2 (open reconstruction, 0.4408 kg CO2eq/kg)." }, "repl_5aa7f83845df3a78": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/4b62808842044a0cbc0951f831a06b77_copy7", "name": "dried plum (prune) production, hot-air drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_plum_drying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "plum processing, drying, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6195" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A048T" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "processingAidUnspecified" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03544451", "name": "44510 - processing aids (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_plum_drying_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.66, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram dried plum (prune) production, hot-air drying built from 1 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input, 1 transport; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram dried plum (prune) production, hot-air drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Plum Dried production (copy7, RER): chained cascade (drying). GWP metadata ≈ 1.9134 kg CO2eq/kg (0.9512 processing + 0.9622 upstream plum). Drying: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt dryer (fruit & vegetable, continuous single/partial-recirculation) (0.00000 kWh, 16.8065 MJ/kg dried). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt drying SEC 4.41 MJ/kg water (bracketed by the two verified De Marco et al. 2015 routes, drum 3.47 + spray 5.35; replaces the demoted artisanal Goncalves & Neto 2023 apple-snack proxy); moisture balance from USDA FDC 9279 raw + FDC 9291 prune (industrial commercial spec); upstream fresh plum from fruit_crops_lci RER plum market (~0.20 kg CO2eq/kg).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 16.806495, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 3.810997, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "plum, market without transport, modelled (fruit_crops_lci)", "amount": 4.810997, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Plum Dried production (copy7, RER): chained cascade (drying). GWP metadata ≈ 1.9134 kg CO2eq/kg (0.9512 processing + 0.9622 upstream plum). Drying: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt dryer (fruit & vegetable, continuous single/partial-recirculation) (0.00000 kWh, 16.8065 MJ/kg dried). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt drying SEC 4.41 MJ/kg water (bracketed by the two verified De Marco et al. 2015 routes, drum 3.47 + spray 5.35; replaces the demoted artisanal Goncalves & Neto 2023 apple-snack proxy); moisture balance from USDA FDC 9279 raw + FDC 9291 prune (industrial commercial spec); upstream fresh plum from fruit_crops_lci RER plum market (~0.20 kg CO2eq/kg)." }, "repl_d9a15c249286dd79": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/4b62808842044a0cbc0951f831a06b77_copy2", "name": "dried tomato production, hot-air drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_tomato_drying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "tomatoes, dried, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0DMX" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_7805" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "tomatoes" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540633", "name": "06330 - tomatoes (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_tomato_drying_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.66, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram dried tomato production, hot-air drying built from 1 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram dried tomato production, hot-air drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Tomato Dried production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (drying). GWP metadata ≈ 4.8990 kg CO2eq/kg (3.6436 processing + 1.2555 upstream tomato). Drying: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt dryer (fruit & vegetable, continuous single/partial-recirculation) (0.00000 kWh, 64.7980 MJ/kg dried). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt drying SEC 4.41 MJ/kg water (bracketed by the two verified De Marco et al. 2015 routes, drum 3.47 + spray 5.35; replaces the demoted artisanal Goncalves & Neto 2023 apple-snack proxy); moisture balance from USDA FDC 170457 raw + FDC 169273 dried 14 percent (industrial hot-air commercial spec); upstream tomato from fruit_crops_lci processing-grade open-field tomato activity cdf57195f0f0b1f46fd4ded403e52757 (IT, ~0.08 kg CO2eq/kg).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 64.798029, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 14.693431, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "tomato, processing grade, open field, modelled (fruit_crops_lci)", "amount": 15.693431, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 123.26000061035157, "protein_g": 1.2, "fat_g": 0.2, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 4.1, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 1.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00762, "water_g": 74.22999999999999 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 6.0, 331.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.5, 11.31 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 1.5 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.12999999523162842 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 1.0, 23.299999237060547 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 6.5 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 5.63 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 1.30556 ], "water_g": [ 3.1, 95.01 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00ZG", "matched_term_name": "Sun-dried tomatoes", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 30, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "FoodEx2 facet walk: the product is processed, so the fresh term was followed via its F27 source commodity to the sibling carrying the matching F28 process (foodex2:A00ZG 'Sun-dried tomatoes')" ] }, "notes": "Tomato Dried production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (drying). GWP metadata ≈ 4.8990 kg CO2eq/kg (3.6436 processing + 1.2555 upstream tomato). Drying: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt dryer (fruit & vegetable, continuous single/partial-recirculation) (0.00000 kWh, 64.7980 MJ/kg dried). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt drying SEC 4.41 MJ/kg water (bracketed by the two verified De Marco et al. 2015 routes, drum 3.47 + spray 5.35; replaces the demoted artisanal Goncalves & Neto 2023 apple-snack proxy); moisture balance from USDA FDC 170457 raw + FDC 169273 dried 14 percent (industrial hot-air commercial spec); upstream tomato from fruit_crops_lci processing-grade open-field tomato activity cdf57195f0f0b1f46fd4ded403e52757 (IT, ~0.08 kg CO2eq/kg)." }, "repl_7316fbd36a736433": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/4b62808842044a0cbc0951f831a06b77_copy5", "name": "dried chive production, hot-air drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_chive_drying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "dried chive, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "dried-chives" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_chive_drying_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram dried chive production, hot-air drying built from 1 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram dried chive production, hot-air drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Chive Leaves Dried production (copy5, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 2.2885 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt dryer (fruit & vegetable, continuous single/partial-recirculation) (0.00000 kWh, 40.6435 MJ/kg leaves_dried). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt drying SEC 4.41 MJ/kg water (bracketed by the two verified De Marco et al. 2015 routes, drum 3.47 + spray 5.35; replaces the demoted artisanal Goncalves & Neto 2023 apple-snack proxy; herb caveat as for chamomile); moisture balance from USDA FDC 11156 fresh + FDC 2346391 dried.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 40.643514, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 9.216216, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 311.0, "protein_g": 21.2, "fat_g": 3.5, "saturated_fat_g": 0.591, "carbohydrates_g": 64.29, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 26.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.1778, "water_g": 2.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 25.399999618530273, 311.0 ], "protein_g": [ 2.700000047683716, 21.2 ], "fat_g": [ 0.4000000059604645, 3.5 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.591 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 1.7000000476837158, 64.29 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 1.7000000476837158 ], "fiber_g": [ 2.0999999046325684, 26.2 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.007499999832361937, 0.1778 ], "water_g": [ 2.0, 92.30000305175781 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "freeze-dried", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 0.151, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 2, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.795, "embedding_distance": 0.205, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Dried Chives' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Chive Leaves Dried production (copy5, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 2.2885 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt dryer (fruit & vegetable, continuous single/partial-recirculation) (0.00000 kWh, 40.6435 MJ/kg leaves_dried). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Industrial convective hot-air tunnel/belt drying SEC 4.41 MJ/kg water (bracketed by the two verified De Marco et al. 2015 routes, drum 3.47 + spray 5.35; replaces the demoted artisanal Goncalves & Neto 2023 apple-snack proxy; herb caveat as for chamomile); moisture balance from USDA FDC 11156 fresh + FDC 2346391 dried." }, "repl_c895f69ad47d727e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/4b62808842044a0cbc0951f831a06b77_copy6", "name": "sundried plum (prune) production, open-air solar drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_plum_sundrying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "sundried plum, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "intent", "id": "sundried plum, RER" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_plum_sundrying_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram sundried plum (prune) production, open-air solar drying built from 5 processing input, 4 other input, 1 transport; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram sundried plum (prune) production, open-air solar drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Plum Sundried production (copy6, RER): chained cascade (drying). GWP metadata ≈ 0.9032 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0084 processing + 0.8948 upstream plum). Drying: Open-air sun drying (solar-passive, generic fruit) (0.00000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg sundried). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Pure open-air solar drying (zero operational energy); moisture balance from USDA FDC 9279 raw + FDC 9291 prune.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Water", "amount": 3.474227, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "first_principles_solar_passive" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "plum, market without transport, modelled (fruit_crops_lci)", "amount": 4.474227, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 230.34, "protein_g": 2.66666666666667, "fat_g": 0.7, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 54.5833333333333, "sugars_g": 35.68, "fiber_g": 7.6, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0075, "water_g": 32.35 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 206.74, 230.34 ], "protein_g": [ 2.6, 2.66666666666667 ], "fat_g": [ 0.4, 0.7 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 32.3, 54.5833333333333 ], "sugars_g": [ 31.0, 35.68 ], "fiber_g": [ 7.6, 7.7 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0075, 0.01016 ], "water_g": [ 32.35, 35.6 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "dried plum", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 0.946, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 2, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.732, "embedding_distance": 0.268, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'sundried plum' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Plum Sundried production (copy6, RER): chained cascade (drying). GWP metadata ≈ 0.9032 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0084 processing + 0.8948 upstream plum). Drying: Open-air sun drying (solar-passive, generic fruit) (0.00000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg sundried). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Pure open-air solar drying (zero operational energy); moisture balance from USDA FDC 9279 raw + FDC 9291 prune." }, "repl_dad5f6afa1cf9b4b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/7ba356fe6c677e1d0be4e9c65b665369", "name": "sundried tomato production, open-air solar drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_tomato_sundrying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "tomatoes, sundried, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0DMX" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_7805" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "tomatoes" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540633", "name": "06330 - tomatoes (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_tomato_sundrying_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.6, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram sundried tomato production, open-air solar drying built from 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram sundried tomato production, open-air solar drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Tomato Sundried production (7ba356fe6c677e1d0be4e9c65b665369, RER): chained cascade (drying). GWP metadata ≈ 1.2551 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0084 processing + 1.2467 upstream tomato). Drying: Open-air sun drying (solar-passive, generic fruit) (0.00000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg sundried). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Pure open-air solar drying (zero operational energy); moisture balance from USDA FDC 170457 raw + Codex 25 percent moisture max for sundried tomato.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Water", "amount": 14.583942, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "first_principles_solar_passive" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "tomato, processing grade, market (fruit_crops_lci)", "amount": 15.583942, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 123.26000061035157, "protein_g": 1.2, "fat_g": 0.2, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 4.1, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 1.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00762, "water_g": 74.22999999999999 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 6.0, 331.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.5, 11.31 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 1.5 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.12999999523162842 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 1.0, 23.299999237060547 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 6.5 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 5.63 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 1.30556 ], "water_g": [ 3.1, 95.01 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00ZG", "matched_term_name": "Sun-dried tomatoes", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 30, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "FoodEx2 facet walk: the product is processed, so the fresh term was followed via its F27 source commodity to the sibling carrying the matching F28 process (foodex2:A00ZG 'Sun-dried tomatoes')" ] }, "notes": "Tomato Sundried production (7ba356fe6c677e1d0be4e9c65b665369, RER): chained cascade (drying). GWP metadata ≈ 1.2551 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0084 processing + 1.2467 upstream tomato). Drying: Open-air sun drying (solar-passive, generic fruit) (0.00000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg sundried). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Pure open-air solar drying (zero operational energy); moisture balance from USDA FDC 170457 raw + Codex 25 percent moisture max for sundried tomato." }, "repl_bd05b9f7213042ae": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy7", "name": "raisin (sundried grape) production, open-air solar drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_raisin_sundrying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "raisin production, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6200" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0B9A" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_raisin_sundrying_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.6, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram raisin (sundried grape) production, open-air solar drying built from 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram raisin (sundried grape) production, open-air solar drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Grape Raisin production (copy7, RER): chained cascade (drying). GWP metadata ≈ 1.3505 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0084 processing + 1.3421 upstream grape). Drying: Open-air sun drying (solar-passive, generic fruit) (0.00000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg raisin). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Pure open-air solar drying (zero operational energy); moisture balance from USDA FDC 09131 grape + FDC 09298 raisin + Codex CXS 67-1981.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Water", "amount": 3.473684, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "first_principles_solar_passive" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "grape, market (fruit_crops_lci)", "amount": 4.473684, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Grape Raisin production (copy7, RER): chained cascade (drying). GWP metadata ≈ 1.3505 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0084 processing + 1.3421 upstream grape). Drying: Open-air sun drying (solar-passive, generic fruit) (0.00000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg raisin). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Pure open-air solar drying (zero operational energy); moisture balance from USDA FDC 09131 grape + FDC 09298 raisin + Codex CXS 67-1981." }, "repl_799311564d69af37": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/2bdc0009471045f68a4f14a3728bcee0", "name": "oat-drink powder production, six effect evaporation concentration + spray drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_oat_drink_powder_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "oat milk powder, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A06JD" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "E0162" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "powderDetergentDisinfectant" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00002976", "name": "food (powdered)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_oat_drink_powder_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.64, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram oat-drink powder production, six effect evaporation concentration + spray drying built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram oat-drink powder production, six effect evaporation concentration + spray drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Oat Drink Powder production (2bdc0009471045f68a4f14a3728bcee0, RER): chained cascade (concentration → drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.5123 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.03497 kWh, 3.8513 MJ/kg powder). Drying: Italian apple multistage spray dryer (De Marco et al. 2015, MD route) (0.00089 kWh, 4.9220 MJ/kg powder). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Two-stage chain (concentration + drying:spray); moisture balance from oat target_solids_fraction 9.8 percent (Floren 2013 / Pointke 2022) giving drink moisture 90.2 percent + industrial spray-dried plant-drink powder 4 percent residual moisture. Concentrate moisture 50 percent (industrial spray-dryer feed standard)..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.922, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.000885, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.92, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "oat_drink powder, concentrated", "amount": 1.92, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 349.9, "protein_g": 12.2, "fat_g": 2.45, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 39.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.03302, "water_g": 4.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 69.0, 529.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 28.9 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 30.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 19.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 99.80000305175781 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 99.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 35.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.31496 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 11.9 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A06JD", "matched_term_name": "Powder", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 31, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Oat Drink Powder production (2bdc0009471045f68a4f14a3728bcee0, RER): chained cascade (concentration → drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.5123 kg CO2eq/kg. Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.03497 kWh, 3.8513 MJ/kg powder). Drying: Italian apple multistage spray dryer (De Marco et al. 2015, MD route) (0.00089 kWh, 4.9220 MJ/kg powder). Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Two-stage chain (concentration + drying:spray); moisture balance from oat target_solids_fraction 9.8 percent (Floren 2013 / Pointke 2022) giving drink moisture 90.2 percent + industrial spray-dried plant-drink powder 4 percent residual moisture. Concentrate moisture 50 percent (industrial spray-dryer feed standard).." }, "repl_8095d38bab6c0abb": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy35", "name": "apple powder production, drum drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_apple_powder_drum_drying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "apple powder, dried, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A06JD" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "E0162" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "powderDetergentDisinfectant" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00002976", "name": "food (powdered)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_apple_powder_drum_drying_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram apple powder production, drum drying built from 1 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram apple powder production, drum drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Apple Powder production (copy35, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 1.0946 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Italian apple drum dryer (De Marco et al. 2015) (0.00000 kWh, 19.3621 MJ/kg powder). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: De Marco et al. 2015 drum drying SEC (DD route, 3.47 MJ/kg water); moisture balance from USDA FDC 171688 fresh apple + commercial powder spec 4 percent residual moisture.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 19.362077, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 5.579849, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 349.9, "protein_g": 12.2, "fat_g": 2.45, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 39.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.03302, "water_g": 4.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 69.0, 529.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 28.9 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 30.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 19.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 99.80000305175781 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 99.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 35.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.31496 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 11.9 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A06JD", "matched_term_name": "Powder", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 31, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Apple Powder production (copy35, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 1.0946 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Italian apple drum dryer (De Marco et al. 2015) (0.00000 kWh, 19.3621 MJ/kg powder). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: De Marco et al. 2015 drum drying SEC (DD route, 3.47 MJ/kg water); moisture balance from USDA FDC 171688 fresh apple + commercial powder spec 4 percent residual moisture." }, "repl_363a38135472d631": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/2865a9f706b144878b7407f36751d6ca", "name": "camu-camu fruit powder production, spray drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_camu_camu_powder_spray_drying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "camu-camu fruit powder, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "camu-camu" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "B4969" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03414969" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_camu_camu_powder_spray_drying_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.58, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram camu-camu fruit powder production, spray drying built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram camu-camu fruit powder production, spray drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Camu Camu Powder production (2865a9f706b144878b7407f36751d6ca, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 3.4928 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Italian apple multistage spray dryer (De Marco et al. 2015, MD route) (0.01116 kWh, 62.0461 MJ/kg powder). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: De Marco et al. 2015 spray drying SEC (proxy via apple MD route, 5.35 MJ/kg water); moisture balance from Salomao-Oliveira 2017 fresh camu-camu 91.24 percent + commercial powder spec 4 percent residual moisture.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 62.046104, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.011157, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 11.597403, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "de_marco_2015_3" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Camu Camu Powder production (2865a9f706b144878b7407f36751d6ca, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 3.4928 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: Italian apple multistage spray dryer (De Marco et al. 2015, MD route) (0.01116 kWh, 62.0461 MJ/kg powder). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: De Marco et al. 2015 spray drying SEC (proxy via apple MD route, 5.35 MJ/kg water); moisture balance from Salomao-Oliveira 2017 fresh camu-camu 91.24 percent + commercial powder spec 4 percent residual moisture." }, "repl_895141f447881ed6": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/843987d226d94ab986180bb98744a6ad_copy3", "name": "freeze-dried strawberry production", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_strawberry_freeze_dried_strawberry_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "dried strawberries, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "dried-strawberries" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_strawberry_freeze_dried_strawberry_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram freeze-dried strawberry production built from 1 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram freeze-dried strawberry production", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Strawberry Freeze Dried Strawberry production (copy3, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 1.0971 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: UK batch freeze dryer for strawberry (Prosapio et al. 2017) (3.31915 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg freeze_dried_strawberry). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Prosapio et al. 2017 J. Cleaner Prod. 168:1144-1150 (UK industrial freeze-drying SEC 0.375 kWh/kg water removed, final moisture 7.4 percent); NEVO 2025 v9.0 code 148 fresh strawberry 91.2 percent moisture..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 3.319149, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "prosapio_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.442553, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "prosapio_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 8.408511, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "prosapio_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Strawberry Freeze Dried Strawberry production (copy3, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 1.0971 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: UK batch freeze dryer for strawberry (Prosapio et al. 2017) (3.31915 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg freeze_dried_strawberry). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Prosapio et al. 2017 J. Cleaner Prod. 168:1144-1150 (UK industrial freeze-drying SEC 0.375 kWh/kg water removed, final moisture 7.4 percent); NEVO 2025 v9.0 code 148 fresh strawberry 91.2 percent moisture.." }, "repl_90db2b6b34bec8ca": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/37c201b20c024a54ae4cb8ef39596588", "name": "freeze-dried blueberry production", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_blueberry_freeze_dried_blueberry_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "dried blueberries, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01EY" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_974" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "blueberries" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541564", "name": "15640 - blueberries (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_blueberry_freeze_dried_blueberry_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.55, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram freeze-dried blueberry production built from 1 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram freeze-dried blueberry production", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Blueberry Freeze Dried Blueberry production (37c201b20c024a54ae4cb8ef39596588, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.6608 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: UK batch freeze dryer for strawberry (Prosapio et al. 2017) (1.98902 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg freeze_dried_blueberry). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Prosapio 2017 strawberry freeze-drying SEC proxied; NEVO 2025 v9.0 code 152 fresh cultivated blueberry 85.6 percent moisture; commercial freeze-dried whole-berry residual moisture 4 percent (substrate-specific verification pending)..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 1.98902, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "prosapio_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.265203, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "prosapio_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 5.038851, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "prosapio_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Blueberry Freeze Dried Blueberry production (37c201b20c024a54ae4cb8ef39596588, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.6608 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: UK batch freeze dryer for strawberry (Prosapio et al. 2017) (1.98902 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg freeze_dried_blueberry). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Prosapio 2017 strawberry freeze-drying SEC proxied; NEVO 2025 v9.0 code 152 fresh cultivated blueberry 85.6 percent moisture; commercial freeze-dried whole-berry residual moisture 4 percent (substrate-specific verification pending).." }, "repl_1155e32f55e52a8a": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/6df4b73980824f04976a9f9377391774_copy1", "name": "freeze-dried raspberry production", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_raspberry_freeze_dried_raspberry_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "dried raspberry, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "langual", "id": "B1494" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00003433" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A06SV" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_drying_raspberry_freeze_dried_raspberry_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.55, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram freeze-dried raspberry production built from 1 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram freeze-dried raspberry production", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Raspberry Freeze Dried Raspberry production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.7820 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: UK batch freeze dryer for strawberry (Prosapio et al. 2017) (2.35840 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg freeze_dried_raspberry). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Prosapio 2017 strawberry freeze-drying SEC proxied; USDA FDC 167755 fresh raspberry 85.75 percent moisture; commercial freeze-dried whole-berry residual moisture 4 percent (substrate-specific verification pending)..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 2.358398, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "prosapio_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.314453, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "prosapio_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying evaporated_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 5.974609, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "feedstock drying condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "prosapio_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "feedstock drying machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Raspberry Freeze Dried Raspberry production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (drying). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.7820 kg CO2eq/kg. Drying: UK batch freeze dryer for strawberry (Prosapio et al. 2017) (2.35840 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg freeze_dried_raspberry). Drying CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Drying infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Prosapio 2017 strawberry freeze-drying SEC proxied; USDA FDC 167755 fresh raspberry 85.75 percent moisture; commercial freeze-dried whole-berry residual moisture 4 percent (substrate-specific verification pending).." }, "repl_7e5a0568b4eda959": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003106364", "name": "frozen raspberry puree production, cold crushing pulping + htst pasteurisation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_frozen_raspberry_puree_at_processing_RS" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Frozen raspberry puree, sieved and pasteurised, processor gate, Serbia", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01EN", "name": "Raspberry" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6405", "name": "raspberries" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "SRB", "name": "Serbia" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541554", "name": "15540 - raspberries and similar- (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_frozen_raspberry_puree_at_processing_RS" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "delborghi_2014", "text": "Del Borghi et al. 2014 (tomato processing LCI)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram frozen raspberry puree production, cold crushing pulping + htst pasteurisation built from 2 energy / processing, 7 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram frozen raspberry puree production, cold crushing pulping + htst pasteurisation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Frozen Raspberry Puree production (AGRIBALU000000003106364, RS): chained cascade (pulping → pasteurisation). GWP metadata ≈ 0.4212 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0954 processing + 0.3259 upstream raspberry). Pulping: Turkish tomato paste plant equipment survey (Karakaya 2011) (0.00309 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg puree). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.01663 kWh, 0.2808 MJ/kg puree). Pulping CIP overhead: Italian tomato processing whole-plant CIP overhead (Delborghi 2014) (source: delborghi_2014, mode: whole_plant_primary) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Pulping infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: USITC 2021 Raspberries for Processing for frozen sieved raspberry puree process identity; Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz et al. 2026 IJMS 27(1):41 citing Martysiak-Żurowska and Drapała 2010 for raspberry seeds at 5.7 percent of fruit mass and seed removal from creamy purées, giving 0.943 kg seedless puree/kg fresh fruit; Karakaya 2011 cold crusher/pulper selected by fit scorer as mechanical pulping proxy; Beccali 2009 HTST pasteurisation proxy; EU FDM BREF 2019 frozen-vegetable unit-operation rows: washing 0-5 kWh/t, cutting up to 9 kWh/t, deep-freezing 80-280 kWh/t, mapped once each at 0.005 + 0.009 + 0.180 kWh/kg; Eslami 2024 tomato puree washing/sorting water 2.29E-03 m3/kg as fruit-puree wash-water proxy; BAFU/UVEK OGD activities for energy, water, wastewater, biowaste, and the lci-fruit raspberry crop input. Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.2808, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.21063, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 0.4222, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.4222, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 2.29, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00229, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation wastewater_m3: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation wastewater_m3: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "raspberry puree, pulping", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 7, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Frozen Raspberry Puree production (AGRIBALU000000003106364, RS): chained cascade (pulping → pasteurisation). GWP metadata ≈ 0.4212 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0954 processing + 0.3259 upstream raspberry). Pulping: Turkish tomato paste plant equipment survey (Karakaya 2011) (0.00309 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg puree). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.01663 kWh, 0.2808 MJ/kg puree). Pulping CIP overhead: Italian tomato processing whole-plant CIP overhead (Delborghi 2014) (source: delborghi_2014, mode: whole_plant_primary) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Pulping infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: USITC 2021 Raspberries for Processing for frozen sieved raspberry puree process identity; Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz et al. 2026 IJMS 27(1):41 citing Martysiak-Żurowska and Drapała 2010 for raspberry seeds at 5.7 percent of fruit mass and seed removal from creamy purées, giving 0.943 kg seedless puree/kg fresh fruit; Karakaya 2011 cold crusher/pulper selected by fit scorer as mechanical pulping proxy; Beccali 2009 HTST pasteurisation proxy; EU FDM BREF 2019 frozen-vegetable unit-operation rows: washing 0-5 kWh/t, cutting up to 9 kWh/t, deep-freezing 80-280 kWh/t, mapped once each at 0.005 + 0.009 + 0.180 kWh/kg; Eslami 2024 tomato puree washing/sorting water 2.29E-03 m3/kg as fruit-puree wash-water proxy; BAFU/UVEK OGD activities for energy, water, wastewater, biowaste, and the lci-fruit raspberry crop input. Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.." }, "repl_874bc3dcdf98868a": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/AGRIBALU000000003106364", "name": "frozen raspberry puree production, cold crushing pulping + htst pasteurisation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_frozen_raspberry_puree_at_processing_RS" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Frozen raspberry puree, sieved and pasteurised, processor gate, Serbia", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01EN", "name": "Raspberry" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6405", "name": "raspberries" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "SRB", "name": "Serbia" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541554", "name": "15540 - raspberries and similar- (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_frozen_raspberry_puree_at_processing_RS" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "delborghi_2014", "text": "Del Borghi et al. 2014 (tomato processing LCI)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram frozen raspberry puree production, cold crushing pulping + htst pasteurisation built from 2 energy / processing, 7 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram frozen raspberry puree production, cold crushing pulping + htst pasteurisation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Frozen Raspberry Puree production (AGRIBALU000000003106364, RS): chained cascade (pulping → pasteurisation). GWP metadata ≈ 0.4212 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0954 processing + 0.3259 upstream raspberry). Pulping: Turkish tomato paste plant equipment survey (Karakaya 2011) (0.00309 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg puree). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.01663 kWh, 0.2808 MJ/kg puree). Pulping CIP overhead: Italian tomato processing whole-plant CIP overhead (Delborghi 2014) (source: delborghi_2014, mode: whole_plant_primary) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Pulping infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: USITC 2021 Raspberries for Processing for frozen sieved raspberry puree process identity; Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz et al. 2026 IJMS 27(1):41 citing Martysiak-Żurowska and Drapała 2010 for raspberry seeds at 5.7 percent of fruit mass and seed removal from creamy purées, giving 0.943 kg seedless puree/kg fresh fruit; Karakaya 2011 cold crusher/pulper selected by fit scorer as mechanical pulping proxy; Beccali 2009 HTST pasteurisation proxy; EU FDM BREF 2019 frozen-vegetable unit-operation rows: washing 0-5 kWh/t, cutting up to 9 kWh/t, deep-freezing 80-280 kWh/t, mapped once each at 0.005 + 0.009 + 0.180 kWh/kg; Eslami 2024 tomato puree washing/sorting water 2.29E-03 m3/kg as fruit-puree wash-water proxy; BAFU/UVEK OGD activities for energy, water, wastewater, biowaste, and the lci-fruit raspberry crop input. Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.2808, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.21063, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon 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plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "raspberry puree, pulping", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 7, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Frozen Raspberry Puree production (AGRIBALU000000003106364, RS): chained cascade (pulping → pasteurisation). GWP metadata ≈ 0.4212 kg CO2eq/kg (0.0954 processing + 0.3259 upstream raspberry). Pulping: Turkish tomato paste plant equipment survey (Karakaya 2011) (0.00309 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg puree). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.01663 kWh, 0.2808 MJ/kg puree). Pulping CIP overhead: Italian tomato processing whole-plant CIP overhead (Delborghi 2014) (source: delborghi_2014, mode: whole_plant_primary) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Pulping infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: USITC 2021 Raspberries for Processing for frozen sieved raspberry puree process identity; Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz et al. 2026 IJMS 27(1):41 citing Martysiak-Żurowska and Drapała 2010 for raspberry seeds at 5.7 percent of fruit mass and seed removal from creamy purées, giving 0.943 kg seedless puree/kg fresh fruit; Karakaya 2011 cold crusher/pulper selected by fit scorer as mechanical pulping proxy; Beccali 2009 HTST pasteurisation proxy; EU FDM BREF 2019 frozen-vegetable unit-operation rows: washing 0-5 kWh/t, cutting up to 9 kWh/t, deep-freezing 80-280 kWh/t, mapped once each at 0.005 + 0.009 + 0.180 kWh/kg; Eslami 2024 tomato puree washing/sorting water 2.29E-03 m3/kg as fruit-puree wash-water proxy; BAFU/UVEK OGD activities for energy, water, wastewater, biowaste, and the lci-fruit raspberry crop input. Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.." }, "repl_a0deecced6fcd285": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/3622ccec8a8f4688af909862da4d4d25_copy1", "name": "apple juice concentrate production, hpx press extraction + flash 80c pasteurisation + six effect evaporation concentration", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_apple_juice_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "apple juice concentrate, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "apple-juice-concentrates" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_apple_juice_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "le_feon_2023", "text": "Le Feon et al. 2023 (organic juice line CIP)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram apple juice concentrate production, hpx press extraction + flash 80c pasteurisation + six effect evaporation concentration built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram apple juice concentrate production, hpx press extraction + flash 80c pasteurisation + six effect evaporation concentration", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Apple Juice production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation → concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.5198 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Zimmer 2017 HPX direct juice (Bucher Unipektin) (0.02391 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Le Féon 2023 apple flash pasteurisation 80°C (Belgium, small-scale) (0.43035 kWh, 3.7252 MJ/kg juice). Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.02259 kWh, 2.4875 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Small-scale organic apple juice line CIP overhead (source: le_feon_2023, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Zimmer 2017 HPX press + Le Feon 2023 flash pasteurisation + Zimmer/Buchner 2017 6-effect evaporator; substrate Brix 11.5 -> concentrate Brix 70 (Codex CXS 247-2005).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.487522, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "apple concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.022586, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "apple concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 5.595652, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 5.595652, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 5.086957, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "apple concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "apple juice, pasteurised", "amount": 6.086957, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 223.0, "protein_g": 0.5, "fat_g": 0.6, "saturated_fat_g": 0.1, "carbohydrates_g": 57.6, "sugars_g": 57.6, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.027940000000000003, "water_g": 31.4 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 223.0, 262.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.3, 0.5 ], "fat_g": [ 0.6, 0.6 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 57.6, 71.2 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 57.6 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.027940000000000003 ], "water_g": [ 25.9, 31.4 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "commerical", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 0.92, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 2, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.809, "embedding_distance": 0.191, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Apple juice concentrates' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Apple Juice production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (extraction → pasteurisation → concentration). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.5198 kg CO2eq/kg. Extraction: Zimmer 2017 HPX direct juice (Bucher Unipektin) (0.02391 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Pasteurisation: Le Féon 2023 apple flash pasteurisation 80°C (Belgium, small-scale) (0.43035 kWh, 3.7252 MJ/kg juice). Concentration: German apple 6-effect evaporator (Zimmer/Bucher Unipektin 2017) (0.02259 kWh, 2.4875 MJ/kg juice). Extraction CIP overhead: Small-scale organic apple juice line CIP overhead (source: le_feon_2023, mode: direct) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Extraction infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Concentration infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Zimmer 2017 HPX press + Le Feon 2023 flash pasteurisation + Zimmer/Buchner 2017 6-effect evaporator; substrate Brix 11.5 -> concentrate Brix 70 (Codex CXS 247-2005)." }, "repl_16989955baf6856d": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy19", "name": "tomato puree production, hot-break pulping", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_tomato_puree_Europe" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Tomato concentrate, puree, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03304887" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_tomato_puree_Europe" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "delborghi_2014", "text": "Del Borghi et al. 2014 (tomato processing LCI)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram tomato puree production, hot-break pulping built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram tomato puree production, hot-break pulping", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Tomato Puree production (copy19, RER): chained cascade (pulping). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0216 kg CO2eq/kg. Pulping: Sacramento Foods tomato paste plant (Singh 1980) (0.00104 kWh, 0.3590 MJ/kg puree). Pulping CIP overhead: Italian tomato processing whole-plant CIP overhead (Delborghi 2014) (source: delborghi_2014, mode: whole_plant_primary). Pulping infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Sacramento Foods tomato paste plant (Singh 1980) hot-break + screw-finisher pulping.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.00104, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "tomato pulping electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "singh_1980" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "tomato pulping electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.359043, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "tomato pulping natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "singh_1980" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "tomato pulping natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000484, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "tomato pulping naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "tomato pulping naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000268, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "tomato pulping nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "tomato pulping nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000268, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "tomato pulping h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "tomato pulping h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 3.2e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "tomato pulping lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "tomato pulping lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "tomato pulping machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "tomato pulping machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Tomato Puree production (copy19, RER): chained cascade (pulping). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0216 kg CO2eq/kg. Pulping: Sacramento Foods tomato paste plant (Singh 1980) (0.00104 kWh, 0.3590 MJ/kg puree). Pulping CIP overhead: Italian tomato processing whole-plant CIP overhead (Delborghi 2014) (source: delborghi_2014, mode: whole_plant_primary). Pulping infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Sacramento Foods tomato paste plant (Singh 1980) hot-break + screw-finisher pulping." }, "repl_a59d0cbd78308bc9": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/45606c0ccae946a8ab37e0aa388a3477", "name": "tomato pulp production, canned", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_tomato_pulp_canned_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "canned tomato pulp production, Europe", "terms": [ { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2024" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_tomato_pulp_canned_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All added inventory values come from open literature, public FAO guidance, open workspace mappings, or first-principles mass balance. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level inventory was copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.79, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram tomato pulp production, canned built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram tomato pulp production, canned", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Tomato pulp production, canned (RER): Pattern A composite LCI plus substitute_edb_self. The missing source-of-truth fix routes 1.247361 kg open-field processing tomato through food_processing_tomato_pulp_canned_RER, then adds 0.576827 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.061 kWh electricity, 2.29 kg process water, and 0.00229 m3 wastewater treatment per kg canned pulp. The fresh-tomato input is derived from an open solids balance (5.4% raw tomato solids, 6.5% finished pulp solids, 3.5% skins/seeds removal). An activity-level 0.071428 kg CO2 residual closes the composite to the open gate-to-gate tomato puree benchmark of 0.135 kg CO2eq/kg and explicitly represents unseparated auxiliary loads such as pulper/finisher drives, can-line auxiliaries, minor consumables, and packaging-line overhead. substitute_edb_self is required because this UUID is the production activity itself: without it, the remapper preserves the stale EDB foreground and the repaired composite never becomes the live source of truth.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.00104, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "tomato pulping electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "singh_1980" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "tomato pulping electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.359043, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "tomato pulping natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "singh_1980" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "tomato pulping natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000484, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "tomato pulping naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "tomato pulping naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000268, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "tomato pulping nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "tomato pulping nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000268, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "tomato pulping h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "tomato pulping h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 3.2e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "tomato pulping lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "tomato pulping lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "tomato pulping machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "tomato pulping machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "tomato production, processing grade, open field, modelled (fruit_crops_lci)", "amount": 1.06383, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Tomato pulp production, canned (RER): Pattern A composite LCI plus substitute_edb_self. The missing source-of-truth fix routes 1.247361 kg open-field processing tomato through food_processing_tomato_pulp_canned_RER, then adds 0.576827 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.061 kWh electricity, 2.29 kg process water, and 0.00229 m3 wastewater treatment per kg canned pulp. The fresh-tomato input is derived from an open solids balance (5.4% raw tomato solids, 6.5% finished pulp solids, 3.5% skins/seeds removal). An activity-level 0.071428 kg CO2 residual closes the composite to the open gate-to-gate tomato puree benchmark of 0.135 kg CO2eq/kg and explicitly represents unseparated auxiliary loads such as pulper/finisher drives, can-line auxiliaries, minor consumables, and packaging-line overhead. substitute_edb_self is required because this UUID is the production activity itself: without it, the remapper preserves the stale EDB foreground and the repaired composite never becomes the live source of truth." }, "repl_965a05f1fdbed9b1": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003115001", "name": "strawberry coulis production, pulping + cane-sugar formulation + pasteurisation (cascade)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_strawberry_coulis_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Strawberry coulis, recipe at plant, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A06TV", "name": "Fruit sauces and fruit coulis" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003115001", "name": "Strawberry, coulis, at plant" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03544381", "name": "43810 - strawberry flavour (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_strawberry_coulis_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "pulping_energy_proxy_tomato_cold_pulper", "pasteurisation_proxy_citrus_htst_for_strawberry_coulis", "process_water_not_available", "wastewater_not_available", "deaeration_energy_not_available", "cane_sugar_bafu_br_proxy_for_fr_recipe" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow. Open sources only. No ecoinvent flow-level data used. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.64, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram strawberry coulis production, pulping + cane-sugar formulation + pasteurisation (cascade) built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram strawberry coulis production, pulping + cane-sugar formulation + pasteurisation (cascade)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Agribalyse v4 strawberry coulis at-plant override. Process-based cascade: pulping -> 80/20 strawberry puree and cane-sugar formulation -> pasteurisation. Recipe row-count discipline: the open product specification has two ingredient rows (80 percent strawberry, 20 percent cane sugar) and both map exactly once, respectively to upstream strawberry puree and BAFU 452507 cane sugar. Pulping and pasteurisation are open process proxies selected from the existing food-processing pools; upstream strawberry production remains outside this gate-to-gate entry and is bound by lci-fruit/downstream composition.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.2808, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.01663, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 0.4222, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.4222, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "strawberry coulis, coulis_formulation", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 38.6, "protein_g": 0.63, "fat_g": 0.0, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 6.03, "sugars_g": 5.6, "fiber_g": 3.8, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 90.3 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 38.6, 38.6 ], "protein_g": [ 0.63, 0.63 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 6.03, 6.03 ], "sugars_g": [ 5.6, 5.6 ], "fiber_g": [ 3.8, 3.8 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 90.3, 90.3 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A06TV", "matched_term_name": "Strawberry flavour", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "national", "resolved_country": "FR", "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 strawberry coulis at-plant override. Process-based cascade: pulping -> 80/20 strawberry puree and cane-sugar formulation -> pasteurisation. Recipe row-count discipline: the open product specification has two ingredient rows (80 percent strawberry, 20 percent cane sugar) and both map exactly once, respectively to upstream strawberry puree and BAFU 452507 cane sugar. Pulping and pasteurisation are open process proxies selected from the existing food-processing pools; upstream strawberry production remains outside this gate-to-gate entry and is bound by lci-fruit/downstream composition." }, "repl_46d7418dfafa2477": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/AGRIBALU000000003115001", "name": "strawberry coulis production, cold crushing pulping + strawberry coulis 80 20 coulis formulation + htst pasteurisation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_strawberry_coulis_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Strawberry, coulis, recipe, at plant, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "48df8170-d31a-4d9f-856c-91a1529a0a69" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "B1393" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00003443" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_pasteurisation_strawberry_coulis_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "delborghi_2014", "text": "Del Borghi et al. 2014 (tomato processing LCI)" }, { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.64, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram strawberry coulis production, cold crushing pulping + strawberry coulis 80 20 coulis formulation + htst pasteurisation built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram strawberry coulis production, cold crushing pulping + strawberry coulis 80 20 coulis formulation + htst pasteurisation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Strawberry Coulis production (AGRIBALU000000003115001, FR): chained cascade (pulping → coulis_formulation → pasteurisation). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0695 kg CO2eq/kg. Pulping: Turkish tomato paste plant equipment survey (Karakaya 2011) (0.00311 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg coulis). Coulis_Formulation: strawberry coulis 80/20 fruit-cane-sugar formulation (La Fruitiere du Val Evel) (0.00000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg coulis). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.01663 kWh, 0.2808 MJ/kg coulis). Pulping CIP overhead: Italian tomato processing whole-plant CIP overhead (Delborghi 2014) (source: delborghi_2014, mode: whole_plant_primary) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Pulping infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: La Fruitiere du Val Evel strawberry coulis 80 percent product specification (two recipe rows: 80 percent strawberry, 20 percent cane sugar, 26 +/- 2 Brix); FAO Bulletin 146 Ch 14.2 and Roibas 2018 for strawberry puree yield; Karakaya 2011 cold crusher/pulper SEC proxy selected by fit scorer; Beccali 2009 HTST pasteurisation pool proxy; BAFU 452507 sugarcane sugar technosphere input..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.2808, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.01663, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "lemon pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 0.4222, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.4222, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "beccali_2009" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "lemon pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "lemon pasteurisation machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "strawberry coulis, coulis_formulation", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 33.0, "protein_g": 0.7, "fat_g": 0.3, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 6.8619391025641, "sugars_g": 5.3, "fiber_g": 2.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00254, "water_g": 90.6 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 23.0, 50.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.38, 1.8 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.6 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 3.4, 10.4 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 9.6 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 4.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.00762 ], "water_g": [ 84.9, 92.03 ] }, "match_tier": "glossary_name", "matched_term": "ecoinvent:48df8170-d31a-4d9f-856c-91a1529a0a69", "matched_term_name": "strawberry", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 23, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "bridged via esfc-glossary: foodon:FOODON_00003443 -> 'strawberry' -> ecoinvent:48df8170-d31a-4d9f-856c-91a1529a0a69" ] }, "notes": "Strawberry Coulis production (AGRIBALU000000003115001, FR): chained cascade (pulping → coulis_formulation → pasteurisation). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.0695 kg CO2eq/kg. Pulping: Turkish tomato paste plant equipment survey (Karakaya 2011) (0.00311 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg coulis). Coulis_Formulation: strawberry coulis 80/20 fruit-cane-sugar formulation (La Fruitiere du Val Evel) (0.00000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg coulis). Pasteurisation: Beccali 2009 Fig 2 lemon HTST pasteurisation (0.01663 kWh, 0.2808 MJ/kg coulis). Pulping CIP overhead: Italian tomato processing whole-plant CIP overhead (Delborghi 2014) (source: delborghi_2014, mode: whole_plant_primary) Pasteurisation CIP overhead: Dairy CIP overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Table 5.4, cheese row; cross-referenced against Tetra Pak 2024 Dairy Processing Handbook) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct). Pulping infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Pasteurisation infrastructure: Cacace 2020 orange juice pasteuriser, TP-indirect plate-HEX variant (5,000 kg plate-HEX equipment only, Parma, Italy) (source: cacace_2020, mode: direct). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: La Fruitiere du Val Evel strawberry coulis 80 percent product specification (two recipe rows: 80 percent strawberry, 20 percent cane sugar, 26 +/- 2 Brix); FAO Bulletin 146 Ch 14.2 and Roibas 2018 for strawberry puree yield; Karakaya 2011 cold crusher/pulper SEC proxy selected by fit scorer; Beccali 2009 HTST pasteurisation pool proxy; BAFU 452507 sugarcane sugar technosphere input.." }, "repl_a4bed85c87bd9255": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fa70f5043b474086b79a2e5784556476", "name": "durum wheat pasta production, roller grain milling + industrial pasta plant preparation:whole line", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_durum_wheat_pasta_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "durum wheat pasta, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "durum-wheat-pasta" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00001824" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_durum_wheat_pasta_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram durum wheat pasta production, roller grain milling + industrial pasta plant preparation:whole line built from 4 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram durum wheat pasta production, roller grain milling + industrial pasta plant preparation:whole line", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Durum Wheat Pasta production (fa70f5043b474086b79a2e5784556476, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling → preparation:whole_line). GWP metadata ≈ 1.0556 kg CO2eq/kg (0.1507 processing + 0.9049 upstream durum_wheat). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09659 kWh, 0.0248 MJ/kg semolina). Preparation:Whole_Line: Industrial durum wheat pasta plant, Italy (Bevilacqua 2007) (0.16000 kWh, 1.0120 MJ/kg semolina). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Bevilacqua et al. (2007) Journal of Food Quality 30(6):932-952 for the pasta-line whole_line SEC (0.160 kWh electricity + 1.012 MJ NG + 0.700 MJ crude oil per kg pasta); Ladha-Sabur et al. (2019) Trends in Food Sci Tech 86:270-280 for the semolina milling SEC via grain_milling; Codex STAN 307-2011 for the 0.71 durum semolina extraction..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.16, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bevilacqua_2007" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.012, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bevilacqua_2007" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 0.7, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line light_fuel_oil_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bevilacqua_2007" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line light_fuel_oil_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "durum_wheat semolina, grain_milling", "amount": 1.072, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Durum Wheat Pasta production (fa70f5043b474086b79a2e5784556476, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling → preparation:whole_line). GWP metadata ≈ 1.0556 kg CO2eq/kg (0.1507 processing + 0.9049 upstream durum_wheat). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09659 kWh, 0.0248 MJ/kg semolina). Preparation:Whole_Line: Industrial durum wheat pasta plant, Italy (Bevilacqua 2007) (0.16000 kWh, 1.0120 MJ/kg semolina). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Bevilacqua et al. (2007) Journal of Food Quality 30(6):932-952 for the pasta-line whole_line SEC (0.160 kWh electricity + 1.012 MJ NG + 0.700 MJ crude oil per kg pasta); Ladha-Sabur et al. (2019) Trends in Food Sci Tech 86:270-280 for the semolina milling SEC via grain_milling; Codex STAN 307-2011 for the 0.71 durum semolina extraction.." }, "repl_3fe4ba683b84509c": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fa70f5043b474086b79a2e5784556476_copy1", "name": "whole durum wheat pasta production, roller grain milling + industrial pasta plant preparation:whole line, copy1)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_whole_durum_wheat_pasta_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "whole durum wheat pasta, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "whole-durum-wheat-pasta" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_whole_durum_wheat_pasta_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram whole durum wheat pasta production, roller grain milling + industrial pasta plant preparation:whole line, copy1) built from 4 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram whole durum wheat pasta production, roller grain milling + industrial pasta plant preparation:whole line, copy1)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Whole Durum Wheat Pasta production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling → preparation:whole_line). GWP metadata ≈ 1.0556 kg CO2eq/kg (0.1507 processing + 0.9049 upstream durum_wheat). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09659 kWh, 0.0248 MJ/kg semolina). Preparation:Whole_Line: Industrial durum wheat pasta plant, Italy (Bevilacqua 2007) (0.16000 kWh, 1.0120 MJ/kg semolina). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Same cascade as base durum_wheat_pasta; whole variant uses the same pasta-line inventory (Bevilacqua does not disaggregate wholemeal vs refined). Semolina extraction 0.71 stays; a future switch to wholemeal semolina extraction (0.85 per Codex STAN 178-1991) is a substrate-property upgrade..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.16, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bevilacqua_2007" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.012, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bevilacqua_2007" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 0.7, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line light_fuel_oil_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bevilacqua_2007" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line light_fuel_oil_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "durum_wheat semolina, grain_milling", "amount": 1.072, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Whole Durum Wheat Pasta production (copy1, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling → preparation:whole_line). GWP metadata ≈ 1.0556 kg CO2eq/kg (0.1507 processing + 0.9049 upstream durum_wheat). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09659 kWh, 0.0248 MJ/kg semolina). Preparation:Whole_Line: Industrial durum wheat pasta plant, Italy (Bevilacqua 2007) (0.16000 kWh, 1.0120 MJ/kg semolina). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Same cascade as base durum_wheat_pasta; whole variant uses the same pasta-line inventory (Bevilacqua does not disaggregate wholemeal vs refined). Semolina extraction 0.71 stays; a future switch to wholemeal semolina extraction (0.85 per Codex STAN 178-1991) is a substrate-property upgrade.." }, "repl_8bd3cbe8b6f68744": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fa70f5043b474086b79a2e5784556476_copy2", "name": "organic durum wheat pasta production, roller grain milling + artisanal pasta plant preparation:whole line, copy2)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_durum_wheat_pasta_organic_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "organic durum wheat pasta, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "hestia", "id": "organic" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A07SE" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_durum_wheat_pasta_organic_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "le_feon_2023", "text": "Le Feon et al. 2023 (organic juice line CIP)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram organic durum wheat pasta production, roller grain milling + artisanal pasta plant preparation:whole line, copy2) built from 3 energy / processing, 4 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram organic durum wheat pasta production, roller grain milling + artisanal pasta plant preparation:whole line, copy2)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Organic Durum Wheat Pasta production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling → preparation:whole_line). GWP metadata ≈ 1.1438 kg CO2eq/kg (0.2390 processing + 0.9049 upstream durum_wheat). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09659 kWh, 0.0248 MJ/kg semolina). Preparation:Whole_Line: Pastificio Mancini artisanal durum wheat pasta plant, Italy (Paolotti 2023) (0.37110 kWh, 1.3860 MJ/kg semolina). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct) Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: Small-scale organic apple juice line CIP overhead (source: le_feon_2023, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Organic durum wheat pasta (Zingale et al. 2022, RER/Sicily; Senatore Cappelli landrace, artisan low-temp drying 40-60C). Routed through the dry_pasta_artisanal chain: grain_milling (0.71 durum semolina extraction) + preparation:whole_line pinned to the artisan tier, which selects Paolotti et al. (2023) Pastificio Mancini LTLT artisanal pasta line (0.371 kWh electricity + 1.386 MJ NG per kg pasta, sub-55C long-time drying). The pool carries no organic-specific pasta entry; Paolotti's low-temperature artisanal line is the closest available process match to Zingale's low-temp organic artisan drying. The organic-vs-conventional distinction is provenance-only here, not a distinct inventory, pending an organic-pasta pool entry..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.3711, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "paolotti_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.386, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "paolotti_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.585, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "paolotti_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0089, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "le_feon_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0003, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "le_feon_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "durum_wheat semolina, grain_milling", "amount": 1.072, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Organic Durum Wheat Pasta production (copy2, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling → preparation:whole_line). GWP metadata ≈ 1.1438 kg CO2eq/kg (0.2390 processing + 0.9049 upstream durum_wheat). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09659 kWh, 0.0248 MJ/kg semolina). Preparation:Whole_Line: Pastificio Mancini artisanal durum wheat pasta plant, Italy (Paolotti 2023) (0.37110 kWh, 1.3860 MJ/kg semolina). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: direct) Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: Small-scale organic apple juice line CIP overhead (source: le_feon_2023, mode: direct). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Organic durum wheat pasta (Zingale et al. 2022, RER/Sicily; Senatore Cappelli landrace, artisan low-temp drying 40-60C). Routed through the dry_pasta_artisanal chain: grain_milling (0.71 durum semolina extraction) + preparation:whole_line pinned to the artisan tier, which selects Paolotti et al. (2023) Pastificio Mancini LTLT artisanal pasta line (0.371 kWh electricity + 1.386 MJ NG per kg pasta, sub-55C long-time drying). The pool carries no organic-specific pasta entry; Paolotti's low-temperature artisanal line is the closest available process match to Zingale's low-temp organic artisan drying. The organic-vs-conventional distinction is provenance-only here, not a distinct inventory, pending an organic-pasta pool entry.." }, "repl_75190273e9a26e0a": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fa2699c598764b1fbb09f3b6a16fa4c6", "name": "durum wheat pasta production, roller grain milling + industrial pasta plant preparation:whole line, market)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_market_durum_wheat_pasta_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "durum wheat pasta, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "durum-wheat-pasta" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00001824" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_market_durum_wheat_pasta_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram durum wheat pasta production, roller grain milling + industrial pasta plant preparation:whole line, market) built from 4 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram durum wheat pasta production, roller grain milling + industrial pasta plant preparation:whole line, market)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Durum Wheat Pasta production (fa2699c598764b1fbb09f3b6a16fa4c6, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling → preparation:whole_line). GWP metadata ≈ 1.0556 kg CO2eq/kg (0.1507 processing + 0.9049 upstream durum_wheat). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09659 kWh, 0.0248 MJ/kg semolina). Preparation:Whole_Line: Industrial durum wheat pasta plant, Italy (Bevilacqua 2007) (0.16000 kWh, 1.0120 MJ/kg semolina). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Market pass-through of the durum_wheat_pasta cascade; no transport is added (transport is out of tributary scope, handled by lci-transport)..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.16, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bevilacqua_2007" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.012, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bevilacqua_2007" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 0.7, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line light_fuel_oil_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bevilacqua_2007" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line light_fuel_oil_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "durum_wheat semolina, grain_milling", "amount": 1.072, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Durum Wheat Pasta production (fa2699c598764b1fbb09f3b6a16fa4c6, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling → preparation:whole_line). GWP metadata ≈ 1.0556 kg CO2eq/kg (0.1507 processing + 0.9049 upstream durum_wheat). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09659 kWh, 0.0248 MJ/kg semolina). Preparation:Whole_Line: Industrial durum wheat pasta plant, Italy (Bevilacqua 2007) (0.16000 kWh, 1.0120 MJ/kg semolina). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Market pass-through of the durum_wheat_pasta cascade; no transport is added (transport is out of tributary scope, handled by lci-transport).." }, "repl_bfd688e68cf751b7": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/af0d33a61f6543c8ba2e29042af9aed8", "name": "whole durum wheat pasta production, roller grain milling + industrial pasta plant preparation:whole line, market)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_market_whole_durum_wheat_pasta_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "whole durum wheat pasta, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "whole-durum-wheat-pasta" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_market_whole_durum_wheat_pasta_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram whole durum wheat pasta production, roller grain milling + industrial pasta plant preparation:whole line, market) built from 4 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 4 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram whole durum wheat pasta production, roller grain milling + industrial pasta plant preparation:whole line, market)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Whole Durum Wheat Pasta production (af0d33a61f6543c8ba2e29042af9aed8, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling → preparation:whole_line). GWP metadata ≈ 1.0556 kg CO2eq/kg (0.1507 processing + 0.9049 upstream durum_wheat). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09659 kWh, 0.0248 MJ/kg semolina). Preparation:Whole_Line: Industrial durum wheat pasta plant, Italy (Bevilacqua 2007) (0.16000 kWh, 1.0120 MJ/kg semolina). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Market pass-through of the whole durum_wheat_pasta cascade..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.16, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bevilacqua_2007" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.012, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bevilacqua_2007" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 0.7, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line light_fuel_oil_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bevilacqua_2007" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line light_fuel_oil_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "durum_wheat_pasta preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "durum_wheat semolina, grain_milling", "amount": 1.072, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Whole Durum Wheat Pasta production (af0d33a61f6543c8ba2e29042af9aed8, RER): chained cascade (grain_milling → preparation:whole_line). GWP metadata ≈ 1.0556 kg CO2eq/kg (0.1507 processing + 0.9049 upstream durum_wheat). Grain_Milling: Wheat flour milling review benchmark (Ladha-Sabur et al. 2019) (0.09659 kWh, 0.0248 MJ/kg semolina). Preparation:Whole_Line: Industrial durum wheat pasta plant, Italy (Bevilacqua 2007) (0.16000 kWh, 1.0120 MJ/kg semolina). Grain_Milling CIP overhead: European grain milling cleaning overhead (BREF FDM 2019 Chapter 9) -- dry process, no clean-in-place chemical cycle (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: covered_by_same_source) Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Grain_Milling infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: covered_by_same_source) Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Market pass-through of the whole durum_wheat_pasta cascade.." }, "repl_331b048161d87016": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003108548", "name": "leek, peeled, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_peeled_leek_fresh_cut_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "leek, peeled, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "langual", "id": "B1308" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00003670" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00SB" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_peeled_leek_fresh_cut_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram leek, peeled, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023) built from 1 energy / processing, 8 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram leek, peeled, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Leek, Peeled production (AGRIBALU000000003108548, RER): chained cascade (preparation:whole_line). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2708 kg CO2eq/kg. Preparation:Whole_Line: Fresh-cut mixed vegetable line, northeast Spain (Rasines 2023) (0.80000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Rasines et al. (2023) Science of the Total Environment 872:162169 Table 2 fresh-cut mixed vegetable line ES; the source substrate mix explicitly includes leek..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.8, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 8.45, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00845, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line wastewater_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line wastewater_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation (CH)", "amount": 0.3, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line solid_waste_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line solid_waste_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "leek, at farm (lci-fruit process-based)", "amount": 1.3, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 8, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 31.295, "protein_g": 1.7999999523162842, "fat_g": 0.2142857157758306, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 4.0, "sugars_g": 3.075, "fiber_g": 2.8, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.015744999701976778, "water_g": 89.69999999999999 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 18.0, 77.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.7, 2.3 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.4 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 1.5, 7.8 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 5.2 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.8, 4.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.050800000000000005 ], "water_g": [ 36.5, 94.5 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00SB", "matched_term_name": "Leeks", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 24, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Leek, Peeled production (AGRIBALU000000003108548, RER): chained cascade (preparation:whole_line). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2708 kg CO2eq/kg. Preparation:Whole_Line: Fresh-cut mixed vegetable line, northeast Spain (Rasines 2023) (0.80000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Rasines et al. (2023) Science of the Total Environment 872:162169 Table 2 fresh-cut mixed vegetable line ES; the source substrate mix explicitly includes leek.." }, "repl_103b4987b740b121": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/AGRIBALU000000003108548", "name": "leek, peeled, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_peeled_leek_fresh_cut_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "leek, peeled, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "langual", "id": "B1308" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00003670" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00SB" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_peeled_leek_fresh_cut_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram leek, peeled, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023) built from 1 energy / processing, 8 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram leek, peeled, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Leek, Peeled production (AGRIBALU000000003108548, RER): chained cascade (preparation:whole_line). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2708 kg CO2eq/kg. Preparation:Whole_Line: Fresh-cut mixed vegetable line, northeast Spain (Rasines 2023) (0.80000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Rasines et al. (2023) Science of the Total Environment 872:162169 Table 2 fresh-cut mixed vegetable line ES; the source substrate mix explicitly includes leek..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.8, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 8.45, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00845, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line wastewater_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line wastewater_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation (CH)", "amount": 0.3, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line solid_waste_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line solid_waste_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "leek, at farm (lci-fruit process-based)", "amount": 1.3, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 8, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 31.295, "protein_g": 1.7999999523162842, "fat_g": 0.2142857157758306, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 4.0, "sugars_g": 3.075, "fiber_g": 2.8, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.015744999701976778, "water_g": 89.69999999999999 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 18.0, 77.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.7, 2.3 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.4 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 1.5, 7.8 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 5.2 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.8, 4.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.050800000000000005 ], "water_g": [ 36.5, 94.5 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00SB", "matched_term_name": "Leeks", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 24, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Leek, Peeled production (AGRIBALU000000003108548, RER): chained cascade (preparation:whole_line). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2708 kg CO2eq/kg. Preparation:Whole_Line: Fresh-cut mixed vegetable line, northeast Spain (Rasines 2023) (0.80000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Rasines et al. (2023) Science of the Total Environment 872:162169 Table 2 fresh-cut mixed vegetable line ES; the source substrate mix explicitly includes leek.." }, "repl_185a911382854a4e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003111317", "name": "pineapple, peeled and cored, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_peeled_pineapple_fresh_cut_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "pineapple, peeled and cored, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "596ca18d-28a7-46db-bf11-2064b03879d2" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "pineapple" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "B1484" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_peeled_pineapple_fresh_cut_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram pineapple, peeled and cored, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023) built from 1 energy / processing, 8 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram pineapple, peeled and cored, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Pineapple, Peeled And Cored production (AGRIBALU000000003111317, RER): chained cascade (preparation:whole_line). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2708 kg CO2eq/kg. Preparation:Whole_Line: Fresh-cut mixed vegetable line, northeast Spain (Rasines 2023) (0.80000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Rasines 2023 whole_line SEC applied to pineapple as a fresh-cut proxy; the Rasines mix does not include pineapple explicitly but the equipment (wash + peel + cut lines) matches..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.8, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 8.45, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00845, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line wastewater_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line wastewater_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation (CH)", "amount": 0.818182, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line solid_waste_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line solid_waste_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "pineapple, at farm (lci-fruit process-based)", "amount": 1.818182, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 8, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 47.0, "protein_g": 0.5, "fat_g": 0.1, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 10.733125, "sugars_g": 9.488, "fiber_g": 1.3, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00015312500356230886, "water_g": 86.4 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 29.0, 58.619999999999976 ], "protein_g": [ 0.078125, 0.958 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.3 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.06 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 6.5, 15.1 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 11.6 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.5, 3.46 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.01016 ], "water_g": [ 83.8, 91.5 ] }, "match_tier": "glossary_name", "matched_term": "ecoinvent:596ca18d-28a7-46db-bf11-2064b03879d2", "matched_term_name": "Pineapple", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 27, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "bridged via esfc-glossary: off:pineapple -> 'Pineapple' -> ecoinvent:596ca18d-28a7-46db-bf11-2064b03879d2" ] }, "notes": "Pineapple, Peeled And Cored production (AGRIBALU000000003111317, RER): chained cascade (preparation:whole_line). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2708 kg CO2eq/kg. Preparation:Whole_Line: Fresh-cut mixed vegetable line, northeast Spain (Rasines 2023) (0.80000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Rasines 2023 whole_line SEC applied to pineapple as a fresh-cut proxy; the Rasines mix does not include pineapple explicitly but the equipment (wash + peel + cut lines) matches.." }, "repl_7528e65cd69c6ea2": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/AGRIBALU000000003111317", "name": "pineapple, peeled and cored, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_peeled_pineapple_fresh_cut_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "pineapple, peeled and cored, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "596ca18d-28a7-46db-bf11-2064b03879d2" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "pineapple" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "B1484" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_peeled_pineapple_fresh_cut_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram pineapple, peeled and cored, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023) built from 1 energy / processing, 8 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram pineapple, peeled and cored, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Pineapple, Peeled And Cored production (AGRIBALU000000003111317, RER): chained cascade (preparation:whole_line). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2708 kg CO2eq/kg. Preparation:Whole_Line: Fresh-cut mixed vegetable line, northeast Spain (Rasines 2023) (0.80000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Rasines 2023 whole_line SEC applied to pineapple as a fresh-cut proxy; the Rasines mix does not include pineapple explicitly but the equipment (wash + peel + cut lines) matches..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.8, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 8.45, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00845, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line wastewater_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line wastewater_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation (CH)", "amount": 0.818182, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line solid_waste_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line solid_waste_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "pineapple, at farm (lci-fruit process-based)", "amount": 1.818182, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 8, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 47.0, "protein_g": 0.5, "fat_g": 0.1, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 10.733125, "sugars_g": 9.488, "fiber_g": 1.3, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00015312500356230886, "water_g": 86.4 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 29.0, 58.619999999999976 ], "protein_g": [ 0.078125, 0.958 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.3 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.06 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 6.5, 15.1 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 11.6 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.5, 3.46 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.01016 ], "water_g": [ 83.8, 91.5 ] }, "match_tier": "glossary_name", "matched_term": "ecoinvent:596ca18d-28a7-46db-bf11-2064b03879d2", "matched_term_name": "Pineapple", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 27, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "bridged via esfc-glossary: off:pineapple -> 'Pineapple' -> ecoinvent:596ca18d-28a7-46db-bf11-2064b03879d2" ] }, "notes": "Pineapple, Peeled And Cored production (AGRIBALU000000003111317, RER): chained cascade (preparation:whole_line). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2708 kg CO2eq/kg. Preparation:Whole_Line: Fresh-cut mixed vegetable line, northeast Spain (Rasines 2023) (0.80000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Rasines 2023 whole_line SEC applied to pineapple as a fresh-cut proxy; the Rasines mix does not include pineapple explicitly but the equipment (wash + peel + cut lines) matches.." }, "repl_b6eae07716d7a191": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003106155", "name": "french bean, peeled, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_peeled_french_bean_fresh_cut_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "french bean, peeled, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0ESL" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "french-bean-puree" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "A0ESL" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540954", "name": "09540 - french beans canned (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_peeled_french_bean_fresh_cut_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram french bean, peeled, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023) built from 1 energy / processing, 8 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram french bean, peeled, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy French Bean, Peeled production (AGRIBALU000000003106155, RER): chained cascade (preparation:whole_line). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2708 kg CO2eq/kg. Preparation:Whole_Line: Fresh-cut mixed vegetable line, northeast Spain (Rasines 2023) (0.80000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Rasines 2023 whole_line SEC; the Rasines mix explicitly includes green bean..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.8, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 8.45, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00845, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line wastewater_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line wastewater_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation (CH)", "amount": 0.3, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line solid_waste_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line solid_waste_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "green beans IP (BAFU 610107)", "amount": 1.3, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 8, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "French Bean, Peeled production (AGRIBALU000000003106155, RER): chained cascade (preparation:whole_line). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2708 kg CO2eq/kg. Preparation:Whole_Line: Fresh-cut mixed vegetable line, northeast Spain (Rasines 2023) (0.80000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Rasines 2023 whole_line SEC; the Rasines mix explicitly includes green bean.." }, "repl_ee524bb62f5c8411": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/AGRIBALU000000003106155", "name": "french bean, peeled, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_peeled_french_bean_fresh_cut_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "french bean, peeled, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0ESL" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "french-bean-puree" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "A0ESL" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540954", "name": "09540 - french beans canned (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_peeled_french_bean_fresh_cut_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram french bean, peeled, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023) built from 1 energy / processing, 8 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram french bean, peeled, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy French Bean, Peeled production (AGRIBALU000000003106155, RER): chained cascade (preparation:whole_line). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2708 kg CO2eq/kg. Preparation:Whole_Line: Fresh-cut mixed vegetable line, northeast Spain (Rasines 2023) (0.80000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Rasines 2023 whole_line SEC; the Rasines mix explicitly includes green bean..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.8, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 8.45, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00845, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line wastewater_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line wastewater_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation (CH)", "amount": 0.3, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line solid_waste_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line solid_waste_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "green beans IP (BAFU 610107)", "amount": 1.3, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 8, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "French Bean, Peeled production (AGRIBALU000000003106155, RER): chained cascade (preparation:whole_line). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2708 kg CO2eq/kg. Preparation:Whole_Line: Fresh-cut mixed vegetable line, northeast Spain (Rasines 2023) (0.80000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Rasines 2023 whole_line SEC; the Rasines mix explicitly includes green bean.." }, "repl_e82076c603514ea3": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003110478", "name": "onions, peeled, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_peeled_onions_fresh_cut_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "onions, peeled, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00HC" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_12934" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "onions" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540579", "name": "05790 - onions (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_peeled_onions_fresh_cut_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram onions, peeled, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023) built from 1 energy / processing, 8 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram onions, peeled, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Onions, Peeled production (AGRIBALU000000003110478, RER): chained cascade (preparation:whole_line). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2708 kg CO2eq/kg. Preparation:Whole_Line: Fresh-cut mixed vegetable line, northeast Spain (Rasines 2023) (0.80000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Rasines 2023 whole_line SEC; onion is not in the Rasines substrate mix but the equipment matches (fresh-cut wash + peel + cut line)..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.8, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 8.45, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00845, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line wastewater_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line wastewater_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation (CH)", "amount": 0.666667, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line solid_waste_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line solid_waste_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "onion production (lci-fruit process-based)", "amount": 1.666667, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 8, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 36.599998474121094, "protein_g": 1.16, "fat_g": 0.18, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 6.3, "sugars_g": 2.1, "fiber_g": 1.8, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00943, "water_g": 89.6500015258789 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 25.900000000000034, 80.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.8, 2.28 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.6 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 4.09 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 3.7, 14.84 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 6.3 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 4.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.053340000000000005 ], "water_g": [ 41.5, 92.5 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00HC", "matched_term_name": "Onions", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 28, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Onions, Peeled production (AGRIBALU000000003110478, RER): chained cascade (preparation:whole_line). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2708 kg CO2eq/kg. Preparation:Whole_Line: Fresh-cut mixed vegetable line, northeast Spain (Rasines 2023) (0.80000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Rasines 2023 whole_line SEC; onion is not in the Rasines substrate mix but the equipment matches (fresh-cut wash + peel + cut line).." }, "repl_1a4d1f954ab4a9f5": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/AGRIBALU000000003110478", "name": "onions, peeled, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_peeled_onions_fresh_cut_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "onions, peeled, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00HC" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_12934" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "onions" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540579", "name": "05790 - onions (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_peeled_onions_fresh_cut_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram onions, peeled, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023) built from 1 energy / processing, 8 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram onions, peeled, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Onions, Peeled production (AGRIBALU000000003110478, RER): chained cascade (preparation:whole_line). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2708 kg CO2eq/kg. Preparation:Whole_Line: Fresh-cut mixed vegetable line, northeast Spain (Rasines 2023) (0.80000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Rasines 2023 whole_line SEC; onion is not in the Rasines substrate mix but the equipment matches (fresh-cut wash + peel + cut line)..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.8, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 8.45, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00845, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line wastewater_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line wastewater_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation (CH)", "amount": 0.666667, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line solid_waste_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "rasines_2023" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line solid_waste_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "fresh_cut_vegetable_mix preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "onion production (lci-fruit process-based)", "amount": 1.666667, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 8, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 36.599998474121094, "protein_g": 1.16, "fat_g": 0.18, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 6.3, "sugars_g": 2.1, "fiber_g": 1.8, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00943, "water_g": 89.6500015258789 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 25.900000000000034, 80.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.8, 2.28 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.6 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 4.09 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 3.7, 14.84 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 6.3 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 4.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.053340000000000005 ], "water_g": [ 41.5, 92.5 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00HC", "matched_term_name": "Onions", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 28, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Onions, Peeled production (AGRIBALU000000003110478, RER): chained cascade (preparation:whole_line). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2708 kg CO2eq/kg. Preparation:Whole_Line: Fresh-cut mixed vegetable line, northeast Spain (Rasines 2023) (0.80000 kWh, 0.0000 MJ/kg juice). Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Rasines 2023 whole_line SEC; onion is not in the Rasines substrate mix but the equipment matches (fresh-cut wash + peel + cut line).." }, "repl_601583721c51fe57": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003106146", "name": "french bean, frozen, industrial line (cascade, Ilari 2019)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_frozen_french_bean_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "frozen french bean, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0ESL" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "frenchSimmental" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_98bb8949" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540954", "name": "09540 - french beans canned (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_frozen_french_bean_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram french bean, frozen, industrial line (cascade, Ilari 2019) built from 2 energy / processing, 7 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram french bean, frozen, industrial line (cascade, Ilari 2019)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy French Bean, Frozen production (AGRIBALU000000003106146, RER): chained cascade (preparation:whole_line). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2061 kg CO2eq/kg. Preparation:Whole_Line: Industrial frozen green bean production line, Italy (Ilari 2019) (0.32400 kWh, 1.6300 MJ/kg juice). Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ilari et al. (2019) Journal of Cleaner Production 236:117638 industrial Italian frozen bean line (6 t/h raw feed, whole_line 0.324 kWh electricity + 1.63 MJ NG blanching + 20.9 kg process water per kg frozen product)..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.324, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "green_bean preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "ilari_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "green_bean preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.63, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "green_bean preparation:whole_line natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "ilari_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "green_bean preparation:whole_line natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 20.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "green_bean preparation:whole_line water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "ilari_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "green_bean preparation:whole_line water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation (CH)", "amount": 0.3, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "green_bean preparation:whole_line solid_waste_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "ilari_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "green_bean preparation:whole_line solid_waste_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "green_bean preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "green_bean preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "green_bean preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "green_bean preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "green_bean preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "green_bean preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "green_bean preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "green_bean preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "green_bean preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "green_bean preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "green beans IP (BAFU 610107)", "amount": 1.3, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 7, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 278.0, "protein_g": 7.52, "fat_g": 9.18, "saturated_fat_g": 1.68, "carbohydrates_g": 40.6, "sugars_g": 12.9, "fiber_g": 1.3, "sodium_chloride_g": 1.3589, "water_g": 40.8 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 278.0, 278.0 ], "protein_g": [ 7.52, 7.52 ], "fat_g": [ 9.18, 9.18 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 1.68, 1.68 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 40.6, 40.6 ], "sugars_g": [ 12.9, 12.9 ], "fiber_g": [ 1.3, 1.3 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 1.3589, 1.3589 ], "water_g": [ 40.8, 40.8 ] }, "match_tier": "glossary_name", "matched_term": "foodex2:A0BYX", "matched_term_name": "French fries", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "bridged via esfc-glossary: agrovoc:c_98bb8949 -> 'French fries' -> foodex2:A0BYX" ] }, "notes": "French Bean, Frozen production (AGRIBALU000000003106146, RER): chained cascade (preparation:whole_line). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2061 kg CO2eq/kg. Preparation:Whole_Line: Industrial frozen green bean production line, Italy (Ilari 2019) (0.32400 kWh, 1.6300 MJ/kg juice). Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ilari et al. (2019) Journal of Cleaner Production 236:117638 industrial Italian frozen bean line (6 t/h raw feed, whole_line 0.324 kWh electricity + 1.63 MJ NG blanching + 20.9 kg process water per kg frozen product).." }, "repl_28693677696cb324": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/AGRIBALU000000003106146", "name": "french bean, frozen, industrial line (cascade, Ilari 2019)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_frozen_french_bean_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "frozen french bean, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0ESL" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "frenchSimmental" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_98bb8949" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540954", "name": "09540 - french beans canned (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_preparation:whole_line_frozen_french_bean_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019", "text": "EU BREF FDM 2019 (Food/Drink/Milk BAT reference)" }, { "handle": "cacace_2020", "text": "Cacace et al. 2020 (juice pasteuriser equipment baseline)" }, { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram french bean, frozen, industrial line (cascade, Ilari 2019) built from 2 energy / processing, 7 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram french bean, frozen, industrial line (cascade, Ilari 2019)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy French Bean, Frozen production (AGRIBALU000000003106146, RER): chained cascade (preparation:whole_line). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2061 kg CO2eq/kg. Preparation:Whole_Line: Industrial frozen green bean production line, Italy (Ilari 2019) (0.32400 kWh, 1.6300 MJ/kg juice). Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ilari et al. (2019) Journal of Cleaner Production 236:117638 industrial Italian frozen bean line (6 t/h raw feed, whole_line 0.324 kWh electricity + 1.63 MJ NG blanching + 20.9 kg process water per kg frozen product)..", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.324, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "green_bean preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "ilari_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "green_bean preparation:whole_line electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.63, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "green_bean preparation:whole_line natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "ilari_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "green_bean preparation:whole_line natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 20.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "green_bean preparation:whole_line water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "ilari_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "green_bean preparation:whole_line water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation (CH)", "amount": 0.3, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "green_bean preparation:whole_line solid_waste_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "ilari_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "green_bean preparation:whole_line solid_waste_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "green_bean preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "green_bean preparation:whole_line naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "green_bean preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "green_bean preparation:whole_line nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "green_bean preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "green_bean preparation:whole_line h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "green_bean preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "green_bean preparation:whole_line detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "green_bean preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "green_bean preparation:whole_line machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "green beans IP (BAFU 610107)", "amount": 1.3, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 7, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 278.0, "protein_g": 7.52, "fat_g": 9.18, "saturated_fat_g": 1.68, "carbohydrates_g": 40.6, "sugars_g": 12.9, "fiber_g": 1.3, "sodium_chloride_g": 1.3589, "water_g": 40.8 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 278.0, 278.0 ], "protein_g": [ 7.52, 7.52 ], "fat_g": [ 9.18, 9.18 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 1.68, 1.68 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 40.6, 40.6 ], "sugars_g": [ 12.9, 12.9 ], "fiber_g": [ 1.3, 1.3 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 1.3589, 1.3589 ], "water_g": [ 40.8, 40.8 ] }, "match_tier": "glossary_name", "matched_term": "foodex2:A0BYX", "matched_term_name": "French fries", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "bridged via esfc-glossary: agrovoc:c_98bb8949 -> 'French fries' -> foodex2:A0BYX" ] }, "notes": "French Bean, Frozen production (AGRIBALU000000003106146, RER): chained cascade (preparation:whole_line). Processing-only GWP ≈ 0.2061 kg CO2eq/kg. Preparation:Whole_Line: Industrial frozen green bean production line, Italy (Ilari 2019) (0.32400 kWh, 1.6300 MJ/kg juice). Preparation:Whole_Line CIP overhead: BREF 2019 European dairy cheese-row baseline (low-confidence fallback) (source: eu_bref_fdm_2019, mode: fallback). Preparation:Whole_Line infrastructure: Cacace 2020 plate-HEX pasteuriser industrial baseline (low-confidence fallback; equipment-mass amortisation only) (source: cacace_2020, mode: fallback). Per-flow last-resort fallback applied to technosphere flows: building_m2, building_m3, road_m2_year, disposal_facilities_kg; biosphere flows: Occupation, industrial area, built up, Transformation, to industrial area, built up, Transformation, from unknown, Occupation, industrial area, vegetation, Occupation, construction site, Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation on the terminal stage from BAFU 447244 'Chemical plant, organics' decomposition (low confidence; see infrastructure pool _metadata._fallback_flows). Sources: Ilari et al. (2019) Journal of Cleaner Production 236:117638 industrial Italian frozen bean line (6 t/h raw feed, whole_line 0.324 kWh electricity + 1.63 MJ NG blanching + 20.9 kg process water per kg frozen product).." }, "repl_524acdaf62bd8169": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/1681bbff570244a5a2d92bc55e90e144", "name": "market for rehydrated soy protein, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_rehydrated_soy_protein_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Rehydrated textured soy protein, warm-water hydration, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A03TF", "name": "Soyabean-based meat imitates" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01BG", "name": "Soya proteins" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ], "time": { "start": "2020", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_rehydrated_soy_protein_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for rehydrated soy protein, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for rehydrated soy protein, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for rehydrated soy protein, w/o transport (1681bbf_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.2053 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "rehydrated soy protein", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "market for rehydrated soy protein, w/o transport (1681bbf_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.2053 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_b29eb783337cdd08": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/cd0710e58f7d4f3a880be6d7d45cac7a_copy2", "name": "market for orange juice concentrate, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_orange_juice_concentrate_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "orange juice concentrate, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03311343" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_orange_juice_concentrate_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "stoessel_fruits_veg" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for orange juice concentrate, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for orange juice concentrate, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for orange juice concentrate (w/o transport) (cd0710e_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.7523 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "orange juice, concentrated", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "market for orange juice concentrate (w/o transport) (cd0710e_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.7523 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_85d0bf681fab6304": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/954a5225a3b248c9af4011e5a31e4fea", "name": "market for sesame oil, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_sesame_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "sesame oil, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25504" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03304152" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "sesame-oils" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_sesame_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for sesame oil, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for sesame oil, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for sesame oil, w/o transport (954a522_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.0455 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "sesame oil", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 898.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 100.0, "saturated_fat_g": 14.2, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 0.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 881.0, 920.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.2 ], "fat_g": [ 99.7, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 12.899999618530273, 16.5 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.2 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.00508 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 0.1 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "agrovoc:c_25504", "matched_term_name": "sesame oil", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 19, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "market for sesame oil, w/o transport (954a522_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.0455 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_437c55b8d90431f7": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/b719b92813c74881b028feb0de72002c", "name": "market for walnut oil, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_walnut_oil_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "walnut oil, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A037K" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00003218" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "walnut-oils" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_walnut_oil_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.55, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for walnut oil, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for walnut oil, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for walnut oil, w/o transport (b719b92_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.2805 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "walnut oil", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 900.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 100.0, "saturated_fat_g": 10.0, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 0.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 900.0, 900.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fat_g": [ 100.0, 100.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 10.0, 10.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Walnut oil", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 1.0, "embedding_distance": 0.0, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Walnut oil' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "market for walnut oil, w/o transport (b719b92_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.2805 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_d68100454edd7187": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/8f5ac54e3a434e08948bd168274c85fa", "name": "market for sunflower lecithin, w/o transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_sunflower_lecithin_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Sunflower lecithin, market aggregation, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_sunflower_lecithin_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.55, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for sunflower lecithin, w/o transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for sunflower lecithin, w/o transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for sunflower lecithin, w/o transport (8f5ac54_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 1.0626 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "sunflower lecithin", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "market for sunflower lecithin, w/o transport (8f5ac54_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 1.0626 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_ccf6a05f6da30bca": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/faf9e5671aca4b22b3e5110ae3d31b6f_copy2", "name": "market for bell pepper juice concentrate, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_bell_pepper_juice_concentrate_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "bell pepper juice concentrate, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "hestia", "id": "concentrateJrl807" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "b7664c9f-f77c-4d6a-91ca-816492a2854c" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_bell_pepper_juice_concentrate_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.6, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for bell pepper juice concentrate, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for bell pepper juice concentrate, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for bell pepper juice concentrate, w/o transport (faf9e56_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.4149 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "bell pepper juice concentrate", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "market for bell pepper juice concentrate, w/o transport (faf9e56_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.4149 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_f5574a552815b73a": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f90a54144d8343aa940f236ae2599022", "name": "market for rice milk, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_rice_milk_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "rice milk, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "hestia", "id": "riceMilk" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "rice-milk-chocolates" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03311386" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_rice_milk_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for rice milk, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for rice milk, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for rice milk, w/o transport (f90a541_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.1714 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "rice milk, pasteurised", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "market for rice milk, w/o transport (f90a541_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.1714 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_ca336e9ea58c65ef": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/6ee00b1cb5a74a6c87def17649093b03", "name": "market for soy drink, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_soy_drink_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "soybean beverage/milk, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "deb4f70c-bf2a-4cd3-bc3b-c71af8820da3" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "B1452" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301415" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_soy_drink_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for soy drink, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for soy drink, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for soybean beverage/milk, w/o transport (6ee00b1_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.1924 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "soy drink, pasteurised", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 349.99560628, "protein_g": 32.936802666666665, "fat_g": 14.5, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 12.79, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 2.8, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.008978900000000001, "water_g": 8.52 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 39.090909090909115, 446.0 ], "protein_g": [ 3.0, 42.5 ], "fat_g": [ 0.08264462809917356, 19.94 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.29 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 3.9, 30.16 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 5.3398 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 16.6 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.06096 ], "water_g": [ 5.51, 12.7 ] }, "match_tier": "glossary_name", "matched_term": "ecoinvent:deb4f70c-bf2a-4cd3-bc3b-c71af8820da3", "matched_term_name": "soybean", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 15, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "bridged via esfc-glossary: foodon:FOODON_03301415 -> 'soybean' -> ecoinvent:deb4f70c-bf2a-4cd3-bc3b-c71af8820da3" ] }, "notes": "market for soybean beverage/milk, w/o transport (6ee00b1_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.1924 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_824eeaf1fdf09208": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/063cad2e3da440878b4758c0b03cf72b", "name": "market for wholemeal wheat flour, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_wheat_wholemeal_flour_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat flour, whole, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A003X" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25511" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "c7b1f264-abe2-47c4-8fcf-db3229228485" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540088", "name": "00880 - wheat flour (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_wheat_wholemeal_flour_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for wholemeal wheat flour, without transport built from 1 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for wholemeal wheat flour, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for wheat flour, whole, w/o transport (063cad2_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.6301 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "wheat wholemeal flour, milled", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 352.0, "protein_g": 10.4, "fat_g": 1.8, "saturated_fat_g": 0.24, "carbohydrates_g": 72.2, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 2.8, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0083058, "water_g": 12.2 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 313.0, 361.0 ], "protein_g": [ 8.6, 13.9 ], "fat_g": [ 0.65, 2.5 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.447 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 57.9, 80.51 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 2.1 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 8.4 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.02497074 ], "water_g": [ 6.35, 14.7 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A003X", "matched_term_name": "Wheat flour", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 40, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "market for wheat flour, whole, w/o transport (063cad2_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.6301 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_06161a7fb2246dee": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/ef6af7e2ef6b43d0858b0b6225e60080", "name": "market for lentil flour, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_lentil_flour_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "lentil flour, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "lentil-flours" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_lentil_flour_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.6, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for lentil flour, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for lentil flour, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for lentil flour, w/o transport (ef6af7e_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.6829 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "lentil flour, milled", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 348.0, "protein_g": 27.525, "fat_g": 1.3399999999999999, "saturated_fat_g": 0.075, "carbohydrates_g": 59.24, "sugars_g": 2.93, "fiber_g": 5.8, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.013970000000000002, "water_g": 6.265000000000001 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 329.0, 367.0 ], "protein_g": [ 24.6, 30.45 ], "fat_g": [ 1.04, 1.64 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.15 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 56.53, 61.95 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 5.86 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 11.6 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.027940000000000003 ], "water_g": [ 3.63, 8.9 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "off:lentil-flours", "matched_term_name": "Lentil flours", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 2, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "market for lentil flour, w/o transport (ef6af7e_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.6829 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_952ff506017c657a": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/d86cbee90551427cb257eff10b2b494e", "name": "market for rye flour, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_rye_flour_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "rye flour, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A003J" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25501" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03302492" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_rye_flour_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for rye flour, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for rye flour, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for rye flour, w/o transport (d86cbee_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.6100 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "rye flour, milled", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 332.0, "protein_g": 9.39, "fat_g": 1.8, "saturated_fat_g": 0.2, "carbohydrates_g": 63.36, "sugars_g": 1.09, "fiber_g": 14.1, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.002545, "water_g": 10.7 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 272.0, 357.6246778 ], "protein_g": [ 5.8, 12.6 ], "fat_g": [ 1.2, 2.309999942779541 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.18, 0.38999998569488525 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 54.9, 79.5 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 2.05 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 21.299999237060547 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.01016 ], "water_g": [ 6.7, 14.3 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A003J", "matched_term_name": "Rye flour", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 17, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "market for rye flour, w/o transport (d86cbee_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.6100 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_152e509d898b750d": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fb53ce5775214fd7bc62ea2595ea9656", "name": "market for rye grist, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_rye_grist_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "rye grist, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_14010" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "rye" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "B1313" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_rye_grist_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for rye grist, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for rye grist, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for rye grist, w/o transport (fb53ce5_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.5384 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "rye grist, coarse-milled", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "market for rye grist, w/o transport (fb53ce5_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.5384 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_66c1abe9d0e10fc4": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/6b96b91d46004064a102bfb188d8e1b0_copy2", "name": "market for garlic powder, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_garlic_powder_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "garlic powder, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "garlic-powder" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301844" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_garlic_powder_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for garlic powder, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for garlic powder, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) market for garlic powder (w/o transport) (6b96b91_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.3865 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "garlic powder", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 346.0, "protein_g": 16.6, "fat_g": 0.7, "saturated_fat_g": 0.2, "carbohydrates_g": 63.7, "sugars_g": 2.4, "fiber_g": 9.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.2, "water_g": 10.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 346.0, 346.0 ], "protein_g": [ 16.6, 16.6 ], "fat_g": [ 0.7, 0.7 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.2, 0.2 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 63.7, 63.7 ], "sugars_g": [ 2.4, 2.4 ], "fiber_g": [ 9.0, 9.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.2, 0.2 ], "water_g": [ 10.0, 10.0 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Garlic powder", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.938, "embedding_distance": 0.062, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'garlic powder' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "market for garlic powder (w/o transport) (6b96b91_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.3865 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_fb66ce32523ed502": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/acaa5b8394ae48c4b5884b14e7c83024", "name": "market for dried chamomile flower, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_chamomile_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "chamomile flower dried, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A03JC" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_9733" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "B2045" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543577", "name": "35770 - chamomile (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_chamomile_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": false, "note": "Closure reaches licensed background (ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff) — NOT ecoinvent-free. Cite, do not redistribute as BAFU-clean.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.6, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for dried chamomile flower, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for dried chamomile flower, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for chamomile flower dried w/o transport (acaa5b8_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 3.8713 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "dried chamomile flower", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "market for chamomile flower dried w/o transport (acaa5b8_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 3.8713 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_dbf4bf00da29f471": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fd62f475a51849cfa985d06faeae594a", "name": "market for dried rosemary, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_rosemary_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "rosemary, dried, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00YF" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_13963" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "rosemary" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540863", "name": "08630 - rosemary (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_rosemary_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": false, "note": "Closure reaches licensed background (ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff) — NOT ecoinvent-free. Cite, do not redistribute as BAFU-clean.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.6, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for dried rosemary, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for dried rosemary, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for rosemary, dried w/o transport (fd62f47_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 1.9361 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "dried rosemary", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "market for rosemary, dried w/o transport (fd62f47_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 1.9361 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_907be25fb193188b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/bba0fb0267ac4f23aba0f1802b3dd23e_copy20", "name": "market for dried plum (prune), without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_plum_dried_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "dried plum, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "langual", "id": "B1206" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00003483" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01GQ" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_plum_dried_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.64, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for dried plum (prune), without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for dried plum (prune), without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for dried plum (w/o transport) (bba0fb0_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 1.9134 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "dried plum (prune)", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "market for dried plum (w/o transport) (bba0fb0_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 1.9134 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_7dd6624dfcc49d0b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/7ba356fe6c677e1d0be4e9c65b665369_copy2", "name": "market for dried tomato, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_tomato_dried_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "tomatoes, dried, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0DMX" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_7805" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "tomatoes" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540633", "name": "06330 - tomatoes (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_tomato_dried_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.64, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for dried tomato, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for dried tomato, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for tomatoes, dried (w/o transport) (7ba356f_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 4.8990 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "dried tomato", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 123.26000061035157, "protein_g": 1.2, "fat_g": 0.2, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 4.1, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 1.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00762, "water_g": 74.22999999999999 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 6.0, 331.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.5, 11.31 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 1.5 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.12999999523162842 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 1.0, 23.299999237060547 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 6.5 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 5.63 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 1.30556 ], "water_g": [ 3.1, 95.01 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00ZG", "matched_term_name": "Sun-dried tomatoes", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 30, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "FoodEx2 facet walk: the product is processed, so the fresh term was followed via its F27 source commodity to the sibling carrying the matching F28 process (foodex2:A00ZG 'Sun-dried tomatoes')" ] }, "notes": "market for tomatoes, dried (w/o transport) (7ba356f_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 4.8990 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_99590e2158e08b9d": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/bba0fb0267ac4f23aba0f1802b3dd23e_copy18", "name": "market for dried chive, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_chive_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "dried chive, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "dried-chives" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_chive_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.6, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for dried chive, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for dried chive, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) market for dried chive (w/o transport) (bba0fb0_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 2.2885 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "dried chive", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 311.0, "protein_g": 21.2, "fat_g": 3.5, "saturated_fat_g": 0.591, "carbohydrates_g": 64.29, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 26.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.1778, "water_g": 2.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 25.399999618530273, 311.0 ], "protein_g": [ 2.700000047683716, 21.2 ], "fat_g": [ 0.4000000059604645, 3.5 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.591 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 1.7000000476837158, 64.29 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 1.7000000476837158 ], "fiber_g": [ 2.0999999046325684, 26.2 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.007499999832361937, 0.1778 ], "water_g": [ 2.0, 92.30000305175781 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "freeze-dried", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 0.151, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 2, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.795, "embedding_distance": 0.205, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Dried Chives' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "market for dried chive (w/o transport) (bba0fb0_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 2.2885 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_387a2fedf5fcf9ff": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/bba0fb0267ac4f23aba0f1802b3dd23e_copy19", "name": "market for sundried plum, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_sundried_plum_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "sundried plum, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "intent", "id": "sundried plum, RER" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_sundried_plum_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.6, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for sundried plum, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for sundried plum, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for sundried plum, w/o transport (bba0fb0_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.9032 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "sundried plum", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 230.34, "protein_g": 2.66666666666667, "fat_g": 0.7, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 54.5833333333333, "sugars_g": 35.68, "fiber_g": 7.6, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0075, "water_g": 32.35 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 206.74, 230.34 ], "protein_g": [ 2.6, 2.66666666666667 ], "fat_g": [ 0.4, 0.7 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 32.3, 54.5833333333333 ], "sugars_g": [ 31.0, 35.68 ], "fiber_g": [ 7.6, 7.7 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0075, 0.01016 ], "water_g": [ 32.35, 35.6 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "dried plum", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 0.946, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 2, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.732, "embedding_distance": 0.268, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'sundried plum' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "market for sundried plum, w/o transport (bba0fb0_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 0.9032 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_3048d2490cb294c7": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/7ba356fe6c677e1d0be4e9c65b665369_copy3", "name": "market for sundried tomato, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_sundried_tomato_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "tomatoes, sundried, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0DMX" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_7805" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "tomatoes" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540633", "name": "06330 - tomatoes (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_market_sundried_tomato_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.58, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for sundried tomato, without transport built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for sundried tomato, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy market for tomatoes, sundried (w/o transport) (7ba356f_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 1.2551 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "sundried tomato", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 123.26000061035157, "protein_g": 1.2, "fat_g": 0.2, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 4.1, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 1.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00762, "water_g": 74.22999999999999 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 6.0, 331.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.5, 11.31 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 1.5 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.12999999523162842 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 1.0, 23.299999237060547 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 6.5 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 5.63 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 1.30556 ], "water_g": [ 3.1, 95.01 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00ZG", "matched_term_name": "Sun-dried tomatoes", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 30, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "FoodEx2 facet walk: the product is processed, so the fresh term was followed via its F27 source commodity to the sibling carrying the matching F28 process (foodex2:A00ZG 'Sun-dried tomatoes')" ] }, "notes": "market for tomatoes, sundried (w/o transport) (7ba356f_copy, RER): pass-through to upstream cascade activity. GWP ≈ 1.2551 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_a64f717e7a85f662": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003104710", "name": "coffee green bean decaffeination, supercritical CO2", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_coffee_decaffeination_scco2_IT" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Coffee green bean decaffeination, supercritical CO2, Italy", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A03NY", "name": "Coffee beans" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1731", "name": "coffee" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "IT", "name": "Italy" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543395", "name": "33950 - coffee liqueur (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2018", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_coffee_decaffeination_scco2_IT" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram coffee green bean decaffeination, supercritical CO2 built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram coffee green bean decaffeination, supercritical CO2", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Standalone Pattern A supercritical CO2 decaffeination service from De Marco, Riemma and Iannone 2018 Table 2. Green coffee input and bean transport are excluded; energy-derived CO2 routes through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no calibrated residual is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at heat plant (IT)", "amount": 10.062306, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 10.062306 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 10.062306 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 10.062306 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 10.062306 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 0.91785, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (IT)", "amount": 1.458857, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 1.4588566583333333 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 1.458857 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 1.4588566583333333 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 1.458857 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 3.667, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "process water demand 3.667 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 3.667 kg.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "process water demand 3.667 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 3.667 kg.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Carbon dioxide liquid, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.124, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 285.0, "protein_g": 4.0, "fat_g": 7.0, "saturated_fat_g": 2.0, "carbohydrates_g": 28.0, "sugars_g": 28.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 46.9 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 285.0, 285.0 ], "protein_g": [ 4.0, 4.0 ], "fat_g": [ 7.0, 7.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 2.0, 2.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 28.0, 28.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 28.0, 28.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 46.9, 46.9 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A03NY", "matched_term_name": "Coffee liqueur", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "geo_proxy", "resolved_country": "CH", "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "origin 'IT' (Köppen Csa) not covered; using climate-nearest 'CH' (Köppen Cfb, distance 2)" ] }, "notes": "Standalone Pattern A supercritical CO2 decaffeination service from De Marco, Riemma and Iannone 2018 Table 2. Green coffee input and bean transport are excluded; energy-derived CO2 routes through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no calibrated residual is used." }, "repl_f327d33377c371c5": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003112807", "name": "coffee roasting and grinding, gate-to-gate", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_coffee_roasting_grinding_gate_to_gate_GLO" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Coffee roasting and grinding, gate-to-gate, global", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A03NY", "name": "Coffee beans" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1731", "name": "coffee" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "GLO", "name": "Global" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543395", "name": "33950 - coffee liqueur (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2018", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_coffee_roasting_grinding_gate_to_gate_GLO" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.8, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram coffee roasting and grinding, gate-to-gate built from 2 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram coffee roasting and grinding, gate-to-gate", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Standalone Pattern A roasting/grinding service from Giraldi-Diaz et al. 2018 Tables 2-3. Upstream green coffee is excluded and composed by the parent product; energy-derived CO2 routes through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no calibrated residual is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.63, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 2.63 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.63 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 2.63 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.63 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.12858, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.12858 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.12858 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.12858 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.12858 kWh.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 335.0, "protein_g": 0.1, "fat_g": 0.3, "saturated_fat_g": 0.01, "carbohydrates_g": 45.9, "sugars_g": 32.2, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.02016, "water_g": 33.3 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 285.0, 391.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.12 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.4 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.106 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 24.4, 49.2 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 46.8 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 3.6 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.012700000000000001, 0.022860000000000002 ], "water_g": [ 22.7, 46.9 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A03NY", "matched_term_name": "Coffee liqueur", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 11, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Standalone Pattern A roasting/grinding service from Giraldi-Diaz et al. 2018 Tables 2-3. Upstream green coffee is excluded and composed by the parent product; energy-derived CO2 routes through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no calibrated residual is used." }, "repl_605947f58bfc6a98": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003103658", "name": "combined vegetable oil blend production at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_combined_vegetable_oil_blend_FR_at_plant" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Combined vegetable oil blend, at plant, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A03QH", "name": "Vegetable oils" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543758", "name": "37580 - infant formula, milk and soya-based, liquid (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_combined_vegetable_oil_blend_FR_at_plant" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "commercial_label_formula_proxy", "high_oleic_sunflower_variant_proxied", "linseed_oil_not_refined_variant", "trace_additives_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open product-label data, public equipment specifications, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram combined vegetable oil blend production at plant built from 1 energy / processing, 1 other input, 3 seed.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram combined vegetable oil blend production at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based combined vegetable oil at-plant composite. The row-counted formulation comes from an open Lesieur ISIO 4 commercial label; component oils are physical technosphere inputs and mixing electricity is calculated from equipment power and batch capacity. The exact Agribalyse industrial formulation is not copied or used as a source. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; there are no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.004783, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rape oil, at oil mill (BAFU 286928, RER)", "amount": 0.62, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "high-oleic sunflower oil, proxied by refined sunflower seed oil food_processing_lci cascade", "amount": 0.21, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.21 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.21 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "refined sunflower seed oil, food_processing_lci cascade", "amount": 0.12, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.12 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.12 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "linseed oil, food_processing_lci cascade", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.05 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.05 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based combined vegetable oil at-plant composite. The row-counted formulation comes from an open Lesieur ISIO 4 commercial label; component oils are physical technosphere inputs and mixing electricity is calculated from equipment power and batch capacity. The exact Agribalyse industrial formulation is not copied or used as a source. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; there are no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required." }, "repl_29c5debd0be28989": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000009084602856", "name": "dry glucose / dextrose monohydrate production from starch", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_dry_glucose_dextrose_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Glucose, consumption mix {FR} U, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A032V" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_3287" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "fde9ca6e-daef-4963-a975-e8128d2bf92f" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03542998", "name": "29980 - glucose (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_dry_glucose_dextrose_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "dry_glucose_dextrose_proxy", "process_water_not_available", "wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "auxiliary_materials_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts are from open literature or first-principles unit conversion. BAFU activities are OGD with required attribution. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram dry glucose / dextrose monohydrate production from starch built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram dry glucose / dextrose monohydrate production from starch", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Agribalyse glucose consumption mix root substitution. The imported foreground points to the global glucose market, which the BAFU bridge maps to a starch/syrup-stage proxy. This record is instead routed to a dry glucose/dextrose monohydrate composite so crystallisation, centrifugation, and drying are represented without changing generic glucose syrup mappings used by fermentation/feedstock chains. The process inventory uses open Vogelbusch figures for glucose monohydrate: 460 kWh electricity and 1,800 kg steam per 1,000 kg product, with steam converted to 4.95 MJ natural-gas heat per kg product. Product-allocated starch input is 0.819 kg starch dry solids per kg glucose monohydrate from 91% product dry substance and the 162/180 starch-to-glucose stoichiometric ratio. Energy burdens flow through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no energy CO2 is pre-calculated as a biosphere flow. Process water, wastewater, cooling water, enzymes, NaOH, CaCl2, H2SO4 and other purification auxiliaries are required by the process but not quantified in open sources suitable for this inventory, so they are flagged as source:not_available rather than silently treated as zero. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow amounts are used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.46, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.46 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.46 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.46 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.46 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.95, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Maize starch, at plant", "amount": 0.819, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Agribalyse glucose consumption mix root substitution. The imported foreground points to the global glucose market, which the BAFU bridge maps to a starch/syrup-stage proxy. This record is instead routed to a dry glucose/dextrose monohydrate composite so crystallisation, centrifugation, and drying are represented without changing generic glucose syrup mappings used by fermentation/feedstock chains. The process inventory uses open Vogelbusch figures for glucose monohydrate: 460 kWh electricity and 1,800 kg steam per 1,000 kg product, with steam converted to 4.95 MJ natural-gas heat per kg product. Product-allocated starch input is 0.819 kg starch dry solids per kg glucose monohydrate from 91% product dry substance and the 162/180 starch-to-glucose stoichiometric ratio. Energy burdens flow through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no energy CO2 is pre-calculated as a biosphere flow. Process water, wastewater, cooling water, enzymes, NaOH, CaCl2, H2SO4 and other purification auxiliaries are required by the process but not quantified in open sources suitable for this inventory, so they are flagged as source:not_available rather than silently treated as zero. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow amounts are used." }, "repl_adbd0b6ff602a833": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003105170", "name": "whole egg powder production, FR, process-based", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_whole_egg_powder_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Whole egg powder, processing only, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F6F", "name": "Egg, powder" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03542967", "name": "29670 - egg yolk (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_whole_egg_powder_FR" }, "note": "Process-based composite: public egg solids mass balance plus the existing vacuum-rotary water-evaporation support activity. No proprietary ecoinvent/Agribalyse exchange list or calibrated residual is used." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram whole egg powder production, FR, process-based built from 1 other input, 1 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram whole egg powder production, FR, process-based", "derivation": "1 kg whole egg powder at French processor gate Agribalyse egg-powder at-plant root resolved to a process-based food_processing_lci composite: 4.071429 kg FR whole/liquid egg input from lci-livestock plus 3.071429 kg water evaporated by the existing vacuum-rotary drying service. The mass ratio is from public egg moisture data (USDA SR raw egg water, WFLO dried-egg moisture) and cross-checks against the American Egg Board 4:1 liquid-to-dried worksheet. No fossil CO2 residual or back-solved GWP correction is added.", "line_items": [ { "name": "laying hen production, conventional indoor cage, FR, BAFU-modelled", "amount": 4.071429, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (4.071429 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (4.071429 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water evaporation, vacuum rotary food drying", "amount": 3.071429, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "Intermediate processed input (3.071429 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (3.071429 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg whole egg powder at French processor gate", "boundary": "FR egg production input plus drying to whole egg powder. Packaging, distribution, retail, and consumer preparation are left in downstream foreground records.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": 0.969 }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "All authored amounts come from public nutrition/commodity sources and BAFU/tributary OGD-compatible activities; no ecoinvent flow-level data is redistributed.", "citations": [ { "handle": "usda-sr-raw-egg", "text": "USDA Standard Reference via MyFoodData, Egg, whole, raw, fresh: 38.1 g water per 50 g egg. Used only for public mass-balance calculation." }, { "handle": "wflo-2008-dried-eggs", "text": "WFLO Commodity Storage Manual (2008), Eggs, Dried: whole dried egg moisture 3.10%." }, { "handle": "american-egg-board-conversion", "text": "American Egg Board, Liquid Whole Eggs to Dried Whole Eggs worksheet: about 75% liquid-egg water and 4:1 liquid-to-dried conversion; used as a cross-check on the solids-balance result." }, { "handle": "american-egg-board-whole-egg-types", "text": "American Egg Board, Whole Egg Types: dried whole egg is typically spray dried; refrigerated liquid whole egg is pasteurized and shell-free." }, { "handle": "sanjuan-stoessel-hellweg-2014-si", "text": "Sanjuan N., Stoessel F., Hellweg S. (2014) supporting information Table S8: rotary dryers 4.6-9.2 MJ/kg water evaporated; existing vacuum-rotary support activity uses midpoint 6.9 MJ/kg water." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2025", "text": "Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025; BAFU/UVEK OGD technosphere activities as carried by livestock_lci and food_processing_lci." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 536.66, "protein_g": 50.44, "fat_g": 24.7, "saturated_fat_g": 3.7649999999999997, "carbohydrates_g": 3.0, "sugars_g": 0.88, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 1.2349999999999999, "water_g": 4.1 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 356.0, 592.0 ], "protein_g": [ 19.7, 81.2 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 43.9 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 15.069 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.4, 21.8 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 12.8 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 3.2 ], "water_g": [ 1.5, 8.5 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A031V", "matched_term_name": "Egg powder", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 10, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "FoodEx2 facet walk: the product is processed, so the fresh term was followed via its F27 source commodity to the sibling carrying the matching F28 process (foodex2:A031V 'Egg powder')" ] }, "notes": "Agribalyse egg-powder at-plant root resolved to a process-based food_processing_lci composite: 4.071429 kg FR whole/liquid egg input from lci-livestock plus 3.071429 kg water evaporated by the existing vacuum-rotary drying service. The mass ratio is from public egg moisture data (USDA SR raw egg water, WFLO dried-egg moisture) and cross-checks against the American Egg Board 4:1 liquid-to-dried worksheet. No fossil CO2 residual or back-solved GWP correction is added." }, "repl_b4dae178908f4099": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000009084602840", "name": "frozen concentrated orange juice production, Brazil", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_fcoj_brazil_at_plant" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Frozen concentrated orange juice production, processing only, Brazil", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A03AM", "name": "Fruit juice concentrate" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_5420", "name": "oranges" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "BR", "name": "Brazil" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543172", "name": "31720 - juice, orange (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2011", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_fcoj_brazil_at_plant" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "processing_only_until_upstream_binding", "brazilian_orange_upstream_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow. All exchange amounts are from open literature or BAFU OGD activities. The restricted Agribalyse/ecoinvent records are used only as comparison identifiers, not as flow-data sources.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram frozen concentrated orange juice production, Brazil built from 2 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram frozen concentrated orange juice production, Brazil", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Brazilian FCOJ Pattern A processing composite using open Knudsen 2011 and Questionmark/Hegger 2015 physical inputs. The activity declares 10 kg processing orange per kg FCOJ as an unlinked substrate because the installed fruit tributary has ES, US, ZA, RoW, RER and FR-consumption orange records but no Brazilian/Sao Paulo processing-orange source activity. Energy and materials flow through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no fossil CO2 residual or back-solved GWP correction is added. This is a source-of-truth processing-side partial until lci-fruit supplies the BR orange upstream.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (BR)", "amount": 0.592857, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.5928571428571429 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.592857 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.5928571428571429 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.592857 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.73, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.73 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.73 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.73 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.73 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Packaging film, LDPE, at plant", "amount": 0.0026, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant", "amount": 0.006143, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Brazilian FCOJ Pattern A processing composite using open Knudsen 2011 and Questionmark/Hegger 2015 physical inputs. The activity declares 10 kg processing orange per kg FCOJ as an unlinked substrate because the installed fruit tributary has ES, US, ZA, RoW, RER and FR-consumption orange records but no Brazilian/Sao Paulo processing-orange source activity. Energy and materials flow through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no fossil CO2 residual or back-solved GWP correction is added. This is a source-of-truth processing-side partial until lci-fruit supplies the BR orange upstream." }, "repl_8155565f0c0ee4ef": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003106333", "name": "frozen concentrated orange juice production, Brazil", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_fcoj_brazil_at_plant" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Frozen concentrated orange juice production, processing only, Brazil", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A03AM", "name": "Fruit juice concentrate" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_5420", "name": "oranges" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "BR", "name": "Brazil" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543172", "name": "31720 - juice, orange (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2011", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_fcoj_brazil_at_plant" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "processing_only_until_upstream_binding", "brazilian_orange_upstream_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow. All exchange amounts are from open literature or BAFU OGD activities. The restricted Agribalyse/ecoinvent records are used only as comparison identifiers, not as flow-data sources.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram frozen concentrated orange juice production, Brazil built from 2 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram frozen concentrated orange juice production, Brazil", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Brazilian FCOJ Pattern A processing composite using open Knudsen 2011 and Questionmark/Hegger 2015 physical inputs. The activity declares 10 kg processing orange per kg FCOJ as an unlinked substrate because the installed fruit tributary has ES, US, ZA, RoW, RER and FR-consumption orange records but no Brazilian/Sao Paulo processing-orange source activity. Energy and materials flow through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no fossil CO2 residual or back-solved GWP correction is added. This is a source-of-truth processing-side partial until lci-fruit supplies the BR orange upstream.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (BR)", "amount": 0.592857, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.5928571428571429 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.592857 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.5928571428571429 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.592857 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.73, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.73 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.73 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.73 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.73 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Packaging film, LDPE, at plant", "amount": 0.0026, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant", "amount": 0.006143, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Brazilian FCOJ Pattern A processing composite using open Knudsen 2011 and Questionmark/Hegger 2015 physical inputs. The activity declares 10 kg processing orange per kg FCOJ as an unlinked substrate because the installed fruit tributary has ES, US, ZA, RoW, RER and FR-consumption orange records but no Brazilian/Sao Paulo processing-orange source activity. Energy and materials flow through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no fossil CO2 residual or back-solved GWP correction is added. This is a source-of-truth processing-side partial until lci-fruit supplies the BR orange upstream." }, "repl_42f1da6f6130915d": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003106146", "name": "green bean processing, trimming, blanching, IQF freezing (FR)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_green_bean_freezing_FR_at_processing" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Frozen French bean, IQF freezing gate, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00ZR", "name": "French beans (whole)" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_3492", "name": "green beans" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540955", "name": "09550 - starchy roots or tubers and products thereof, sugar plants (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_green_bean_freezing_FR_at_processing" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "iqf_freezing_process_composite" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open literature and BAFU/UVEK OGD inputs only. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level inventory copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram green bean processing, trimming, blanching, IQF freezing (FR) built from 2 energy / processing, 4 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram green bean processing, trimming, blanching, IQF freezing (FR)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Frozen French-bean Agribalyse foreground root resolved to the open IQF-freezing composite: raw green beans plus trimming, blanching, IQF freezing, biowaste disposal of residue, and LDPE packaging. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; biosphere_exchanges is empty. No fossil CO2 residual or back-solved GWP correction is added.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.324, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.324 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.324 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.324 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.324 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.5696, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 1.5695999999999999 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 1.5696 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 1.5695999999999999 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 1.5696 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 20.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Green beans IP, at farm", "amount": 1.31, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation", "amount": 0.306, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Polyethylene, LDPE, granulate, at plant", "amount": 0.00166, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Frozen French-bean Agribalyse foreground root resolved to the open IQF-freezing composite: raw green beans plus trimming, blanching, IQF freezing, biowaste disposal of residue, and LDPE packaging. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; biosphere_exchanges is empty. No fossil CO2 residual or back-solved GWP correction is added." }, "repl_89a77cdca8698615": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003116533", "name": "vegetable rosti production, forming + electric pre-frying + IQF freezing", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_rosti_prefried_freezing_FR_at_plant" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Vegetable rosti, pre-fried and frozen at plant, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003116533", "name": "Vegetable rosti, pre-fried, frozen, at plant" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_rosti_prefried_freezing_FR_at_plant" }, "note": "Process-based composite from open recipe, public serving weights, open vegetable-processing literature, the existing frying-domain pre-frying row, and BAFU/tributary technosphere inputs. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level data, calibrated residual, or back-solved exchange amount is used." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram vegetable rosti production, forming + electric pre-frying + IQF freezing built from 1 energy / processing, 13 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram vegetable rosti production, forming + electric pre-frying + IQF freezing", "derivation": "1 kg pre-fried frozen vegetable rosti at French processor gate Agribalyse v4 vegetable-rosti at-plant root resolved to the open food-processing rosti composite. The composite contains raw potato, zucchini, carrot, onion, egg, starch, salt, rapeseed-oil uptake, electric pre-frying, IQF/freezing utilities, process water, wastewater treatment, biowaste treatment, bulk LDPE handling, and ammonia refrigerant make-up. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU/tributary technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 residual or back-solved GWP correction is added.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 1.0756, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 1.0756 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 1.0756 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 1.0756 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 1.0756 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 12.98, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.013, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Potatoes IP, at farm", "amount": 0.484081, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "zucchini production, modelled", "amount": 0.334084, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.334084 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.334084 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "carrot production, modelled", "amount": 0.132952, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.132952 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.132952 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "onion production, modelled", "amount": 0.126134, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.126134 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.126134 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "egg, conventional indoor cage, FR, BAFU-modelled", "amount": 0.126147, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.126147 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.126147 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Potato starch, at plant", "amount": 0.009855, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Salt, at plant", "amount": 0.000946, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Rape oil, at regional storage", "amount": 0.0658, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation", "amount": 0.28, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Polyethylene, LDPE, granulate, at plant", "amount": 0.00166, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Ammonia, liquid, at regional storehouse", "amount": 2.1e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 13, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg pre-fried frozen vegetable rosti at French processor gate", "boundary": "Raw potato, vegetable, egg, starch, salt, and rapeseed-oil inputs plus forming, electric pre-frying, IQF/deep-freezing utilities, process water, wastewater treatment, biowaste treatment, and minor bulk handling inputs. Retail packaging, distribution, retail storage, and consumer cooking remain outside this root.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Authored amounts come from public recipe/serving-weight data, open literature, existing open lci-* composites, and BAFU/UVEK OGD-compatible activities.", "citations": [ { "handle": "eggs-ca-vegetable-rosti", "text": "Egg Farmers of Canada, Vegetable Rosti recipe; open ingredient composition and preparation method." }, { "handle": "eu-fdm-bref-2019", "text": "European Commission JRC (2019), Food, Drink and Milk Industries BREF; frozen-vegetable unit-operation electricity ranges." }, { "handle": "rasines-2023-precooked-vegetables", "text": "Rasines L. et al. (2023), Science of the Total Environment 872:162169; pre-cooked vegetable process water, wastewater, and biowaste rows." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2025", "text": "Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.8, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 182.0, "protein_g": 1.9, "fat_g": 8.3, "saturated_fat_g": 1.06, "carbohydrates_g": 22.5, "sugars_g": 0.44999999999999996, "fiber_g": 2.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.9, "water_g": 61.4 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 108.0, 208.0 ], "protein_g": [ 1.81, 2.38 ], "fat_g": [ 4.1, 10.6 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.3, 2.37 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 14.9, 26.4 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.2, 0.7 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 3.3 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.82, 1.0668 ], "water_g": [ 55.9, 77.1 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "as purchased", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 1.0, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 3, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.629, "embedding_distance": 0.371, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Vegetable rosti' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 vegetable-rosti at-plant root resolved to the open food-processing rosti composite. The composite contains raw potato, zucchini, carrot, onion, egg, starch, salt, rapeseed-oil uptake, electric pre-frying, IQF/freezing utilities, process water, wastewater treatment, biowaste treatment, bulk LDPE handling, and ammonia refrigerant make-up. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU/tributary technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 residual or back-solved GWP correction is added." }, "repl_6758bdbda71469fd": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003106375", "name": "fructose production, HFS-55 dry substance from starch", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_fructose_hfs55_dry_substance_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Fructose, consumption mix {FR} U, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A032T" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "CAS-57-48-7" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_3118" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03542999", "name": "29990 - fructose (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_fructose_hfs55_dry_substance_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "hfs55_dry_substance_proxy_for_fructose", "crystalline_fructose_finishing_not_quantified", "filter_aid_unlinked", "activated_carbon_unlinked", "enzyme_inputs_unlinked" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts are from open literature or first-principles unit conversion. BAFU activities are OGD with required attribution. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram fructose production, HFS-55 dry substance from starch built from 3 energy / processing, 8 other input, 1 mineral fertiliser.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram fructose production, HFS-55 dry substance from starch", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Agribalyse fructose consumption mix is reconstructed as HFS-55 dry substance from starch so the chain no longer inherits the global glucose market bridge. Process basis: starch milk is hydrolysed to high-glucose syrup, enzymatically isomerised to HFS-42, purified by ion exchange / activated carbon treatment, chromatographically enriched, blended/polished to HFS-55, and concentrated. Inventory uses Vogelbusch average HFS-55 utility figures converted from 77% DS to 1 kg dry substance: 0.954545 kg starch DS, 0.116883 kWh electricity, and 3.928571 MJ process heat. Refining chemical, process-water, and wastewater quantities come from Taylor et al. 2023 SI Table S-2 per dry-starch input and are scaled by the same starch demand. BAFU technosphere inputs are used for starch, electricity, heat, water, wastewater, HCl, NaOH, sodium carbonate, sulphuric acid, ammonia, nitrogen, and calcium chloride. Activated carbon, filter aid, and enzymes are measured but not linked because no suitable BAFU production activity is available in the current processing-input catalog. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow amounts are used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.116883, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.116883 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.116883 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.116883 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.116883 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 3.928571, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.244437, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.001174, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Maize starch, at plant", "amount": 0.954545, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrochloric acid, 30% in H2O, at plant", "amount": 0.016418, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant", "amount": 0.008123, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium carbonate from ammonium chloride production, at plant", "amount": 0.003522, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "mineral fertiliser", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sulphuric acid, liquid, at plant", "amount": 0.00022, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Ammonia, steam reforming, liquid, at plant", "amount": 0.000172, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitrogen, liquid, at plant", "amount": 3.5e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Calcium chloride, CaCl2, at plant", "amount": 4.3e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 8, "role": "input" }, { "group": "mineral fertiliser", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Agribalyse fructose consumption mix is reconstructed as HFS-55 dry substance from starch so the chain no longer inherits the global glucose market bridge. Process basis: starch milk is hydrolysed to high-glucose syrup, enzymatically isomerised to HFS-42, purified by ion exchange / activated carbon treatment, chromatographically enriched, blended/polished to HFS-55, and concentrated. Inventory uses Vogelbusch average HFS-55 utility figures converted from 77% DS to 1 kg dry substance: 0.954545 kg starch DS, 0.116883 kWh electricity, and 3.928571 MJ process heat. Refining chemical, process-water, and wastewater quantities come from Taylor et al. 2023 SI Table S-2 per dry-starch input and are scaled by the same starch demand. BAFU technosphere inputs are used for starch, electricity, heat, water, wastewater, HCl, NaOH, sodium carbonate, sulphuric acid, ammonia, nitrogen, and calcium chloride. Activated carbon, filter aid, and enzymes are measured but not linked because no suitable BAFU production activity is available in the current processing-input catalog. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow amounts are used." }, "repl_c7a68abeaee9baa1": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/3622ccec8a8f4688af909862da4d4d25_copy2", "name": "grape juice production, single-strength NFC", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_grape_juice_production_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "grape juice, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25533" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301127" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "grape-juices" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_grape_juice_production_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open/public sources only. No Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level inventory data copied. BAFU OGD attribution: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram grape juice production, single-strength NFC built from 2 energy / processing, 3 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram grape juice production, single-strength NFC", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Pattern A composite single-strength grape juice inventory. Replaces the EDB copy2 foreground because it used concentrate-plant natural gas intensity for NFC grape juice. The replacement uses a physical grape-to-juice yield from FAO Bulletin 146 and SENSE D2.1 NFC juice-plant utilities. Energy CO2 flows through BAFU heat and electricity technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 is added.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.142857, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.647619, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.8, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.0018, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "grape production, modelled (fruit_crops_lci RER/RoW proxy)", "amount": 1.219512, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (1.219512 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (1.219512 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 62.995000000000005, "protein_g": 0.3, "fat_g": 0.1, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 15.27375, "sugars_g": 15.45, "fiber_g": 0.05, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.007941, "water_g": 84.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 23.9, 75.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.1, 0.66 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.3 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.03 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 5.2, 18.296 ], "sugars_g": [ 5.0, 18.244 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.23 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0197358 ], "water_g": [ 80.901, 94.3 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "agrovoc:c_25533", "matched_term_name": "grape juice", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 16, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Pattern A composite single-strength grape juice inventory. Replaces the EDB copy2 foreground because it used concentrate-plant natural gas intensity for NFC grape juice. The replacement uses a physical grape-to-juice yield from FAO Bulletin 146 and SENSE D2.1 NFC juice-plant utilities. Energy CO2 flows through BAFU heat and electricity technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 is added." }, "repl_7f4d4e821dfa111e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003106921", "name": "grapeseed residue drying, biomass heat, at French oil mill", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_grapeseed_residue_drying_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Grapeseed drying, wet residue to dry seed, gate-to-gate, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A038Z", "name": "Grape" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_3382", "name": "grapes" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543145", "name": "31450 - goat milk fat (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_grapeseed_residue_drying_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "biomass_heat_proxy", "grape_production_out_of_scope" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All inventory amounts are from open literature, first-principles moisture balance, and BAFU OGD activities. No restricted ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram grapeseed residue drying, biomass heat, at French oil mill built from 2 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram grapeseed residue drying, biomass heat, at French oil mill", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Gate-to-gate grapeseed drying Pattern A composite for the Agribalyse foreground root. Wet grape seed / pomace moisture balance is documented as foreground mass transformation only; upstream grape production stays with the crop/agricultural tributaries. Biomass thermal energy and French electricity route through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no fossil CO2 residual or back-solved GWP correction is added.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, wood pellets, at furnace 300kW", "amount": 3.679245, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid", "amount": 0.068134, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.068134 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.068134 kilowatt hour.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.068134 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.068134 kilowatt hour.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Gate-to-gate grapeseed drying Pattern A composite for the Agribalyse foreground root. Wet grape seed / pomace moisture balance is documented as foreground mass transformation only; upstream grape production stays with the crop/agricultural tributaries. Biomass thermal energy and French electricity route through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no fossil CO2 residual or back-solved GWP correction is added." }, "repl_f3a2d841a0ebef57": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy35", "name": "chopped hazelnut production, RER, process-based", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_chopped_hazelnuts_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "chopped hazelnuts, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A014L" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_18248" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "hazelnuts" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541142", "name": "11420 - hazelnuts (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_chopped_hazelnuts_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts are derived from open literature and BAFU OGD data. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram chopped hazelnut production, RER, process-based built from 1 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram chopped hazelnut production, RER, process-based", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based chopped hazelnuts production: replaces the prior fruit_exchange_copy mass-conversion shortcut (conversion_factor 2.062 from in-shell to product) with an explicit food_processing_lci composite. Physical inventory per kg final product: 2.0619 kg in-shell hazelnut from the lci-fruit RER market mix, 0.0876 kWh RER medium-voltage electricity for shelling+chopping, based on Oezcan 2004 kernel yield 0.50 from in-shell, chopping retention 0.97, and Upstream agricultural emissions inherited from lci-fruit hazelnut process model (yield 2.2 t/ha, N=80, P2O5=40, K2O=70 kg/ha; FAOSTAT + Pergola 2024 + Temizyurek-Arslan 2023). License: open sources only.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.087629, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.087629 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.087629 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.087629 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.087629 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "market for hazelnut, modelled (in-shell, RER)", "amount": 2.061856, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.061856 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.061856 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 650.0, "protein_g": 14.1, "fat_g": 61.0, "saturated_fat_g": 4.46, "carbohydrates_g": 10.100000190734864, "sugars_g": 4.05, "fiber_g": 9.35, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 4.589999952316284 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 528.0, 671.0 ], "protein_g": [ 12.009, 16.4 ], "fat_g": [ 29.3, 65.8 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 2.7, 4.94 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.5, 21.1 ], "sugars_g": [ 3.0, 4.7 ], "fiber_g": [ 6.0, 16.1 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.14732 ], "water_g": [ 1.16, 9.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A014L", "matched_term_name": "Hazelnuts", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 19, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Process-based chopped hazelnuts production: replaces the prior fruit_exchange_copy mass-conversion shortcut (conversion_factor 2.062 from in-shell to product) with an explicit food_processing_lci composite. Physical inventory per kg final product: 2.0619 kg in-shell hazelnut from the lci-fruit RER market mix, 0.0876 kWh RER medium-voltage electricity for shelling+chopping, based on Oezcan 2004 kernel yield 0.50 from in-shell, chopping retention 0.97, and Upstream agricultural emissions inherited from lci-fruit hazelnut process model (yield 2.2 t/ha, N=80, P2O5=40, K2O=70 kg/ha; FAOSTAT + Pergola 2024 + Temizyurek-Arslan 2023). License: open sources only." }, "repl_08858491c1391edd": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy36", "name": "chopped roasted hazelnut production, RER, process-based", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_chopped_roasted_hazelnuts_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "chopped roasted hazelnuts, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A014L" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_18248" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "hazelnuts" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541142", "name": "11420 - hazelnuts (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_chopped_roasted_hazelnuts_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts are derived from open literature and BAFU OGD data. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram chopped roasted hazelnut production, RER, process-based built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram chopped roasted hazelnut production, RER, process-based", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based chopped roasted hazelnuts production: replaces the prior fruit_exchange_copy mass-conversion shortcut (conversion_factor 2.148 from in-shell to product) with an explicit food_processing_lci composite. Physical inventory per kg final product: 2.1478 kg in-shell hazelnut from the lci-fruit RER market mix, 0.0890 kWh RER medium-voltage electricity for shelling+chopping+roasting fan, 0.5369 MJ natural gas heat (Clausen 2017 drum roasting 0.5 MJ/kg shelled kernel midpoint), based on Oezcan 2004 kernel yield 0.50 from in-shell, chopping retention 0.97, and roasting moisture retention 0.96 (4% loss). Upstream agricultural emissions inherited from lci-fruit hazelnut process model (yield 2.2 t/ha, N=80, P2O5=40, K2O=70 kg/ha; FAOSTAT + Pergola 2024 + Temizyurek-Arslan 2023). License: open sources only.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.089011, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.089011 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.089011 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.089011 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.089011 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.536942, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand {'value': 0.536942, 'source': 'Clausen et al. 2017 drum roasting 0.3-0.7 MJ/kg, midpoint 0.5'} per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.536942 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand {'value': 0.536942, 'source': 'Clausen et al. 2017 drum roasting 0.3-0.7 MJ/kg, midpoint 0.5'} per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.536942 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "market for hazelnut, modelled (in-shell, RER)", "amount": 2.147766, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.147766 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.147766 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 650.0, "protein_g": 14.1, "fat_g": 61.0, "saturated_fat_g": 4.46, "carbohydrates_g": 10.100000190734864, "sugars_g": 4.05, "fiber_g": 9.35, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 4.589999952316284 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 528.0, 671.0 ], "protein_g": [ 12.009, 16.4 ], "fat_g": [ 29.3, 65.8 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 2.7, 4.94 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.5, 21.1 ], "sugars_g": [ 3.0, 4.7 ], "fiber_g": [ 6.0, 16.1 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.14732 ], "water_g": [ 1.16, 9.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A014L", "matched_term_name": "Hazelnuts", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 19, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Process-based chopped roasted hazelnuts production: replaces the prior fruit_exchange_copy mass-conversion shortcut (conversion_factor 2.148 from in-shell to product) with an explicit food_processing_lci composite. Physical inventory per kg final product: 2.1478 kg in-shell hazelnut from the lci-fruit RER market mix, 0.0890 kWh RER medium-voltage electricity for shelling+chopping+roasting fan, 0.5369 MJ natural gas heat (Clausen 2017 drum roasting 0.5 MJ/kg shelled kernel midpoint), based on Oezcan 2004 kernel yield 0.50 from in-shell, chopping retention 0.97, and roasting moisture retention 0.96 (4% loss). Upstream agricultural emissions inherited from lci-fruit hazelnut process model (yield 2.2 t/ha, N=80, P2O5=40, K2O=70 kg/ha; FAOSTAT + Pergola 2024 + Temizyurek-Arslan 2023). License: open sources only." }, "repl_784b5ea6f232b760": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/23af6c64fad049b7a81b36d32b146c85_copy1", "name": "grilled hazelnuts production, RER, process-based", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_grilled_hazelnuts_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "roasted hazelnut kernels, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00002933" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A014L" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "hazelnutTree" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_grilled_hazelnuts_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All amounts are from open literature, public nutrition data, and first-principles mass conversion. No proprietary ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level data is copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram grilled hazelnuts production, RER, process-based built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram grilled hazelnuts production, RER, process-based", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based roasted (grilled) whole hazelnut kernel production: reuses the existing whole-kernel grilled composite (in-shell hazelnut from the lci-fruit RER market mix, shelling + roasting electricity, drum-roasting natural gas heat). Previously built only for Agribalyse-facing consumption (_grilled_hazelnuts_RER) and not yet wired to this EDB UUID. License: open sources only.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.026341, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.026341 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.026341 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.026341 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.026341 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.520833, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.520833 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.520833 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.520833 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.520833 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "market for hazelnut, modelled (in-shell, RER)", "amount": 2.083333, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.083333 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.083333 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 650.0, "protein_g": 14.1, "fat_g": 61.0, "saturated_fat_g": 4.46, "carbohydrates_g": 10.100000190734864, "sugars_g": 4.05, "fiber_g": 9.35, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 4.589999952316284 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 528.0, 671.0 ], "protein_g": [ 12.009, 16.4 ], "fat_g": [ 29.3, 65.8 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 2.7, 4.94 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.5, 21.1 ], "sugars_g": [ 3.0, 4.7 ], "fiber_g": [ 6.0, 16.1 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.14732 ], "water_g": [ 1.16, 9.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A014L", "matched_term_name": "Hazelnuts", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 19, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Process-based roasted (grilled) whole hazelnut kernel production: reuses the existing whole-kernel grilled composite (in-shell hazelnut from the lci-fruit RER market mix, shelling + roasting electricity, drum-roasting natural gas heat). Previously built only for Agribalyse-facing consumption (_grilled_hazelnuts_RER) and not yet wired to this EDB UUID. License: open sources only." }, "repl_63541bf57ca0d81e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/d6594a087290490386d9177009529cbf_copy1", "name": "grilled hazelnuts production, RER, process-based", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_grilled_hazelnuts_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "roasted hazelnut kernels, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_00002933" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A014L" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "hazelnutTree" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_grilled_hazelnuts_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All amounts are from open literature, public nutrition data, and first-principles mass conversion. No proprietary ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level data is copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram grilled hazelnuts production, RER, process-based built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram grilled hazelnuts production, RER, process-based", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based roasted (grilled) whole hazelnut kernel market: reuses the existing whole-kernel grilled composite (in-shell hazelnut from the lci-fruit RER market mix, shelling + roasting electricity, drum-roasting natural gas heat). Previously built only for Agribalyse-facing consumption (_grilled_hazelnuts_RER) and not yet wired to this EDB UUID. License: open sources only.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.026341, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.026341 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.026341 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.026341 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.026341 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.520833, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.520833 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.520833 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.520833 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.520833 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "market for hazelnut, modelled (in-shell, RER)", "amount": 2.083333, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.083333 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.083333 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 650.0, "protein_g": 14.1, "fat_g": 61.0, "saturated_fat_g": 4.46, "carbohydrates_g": 10.100000190734864, "sugars_g": 4.05, "fiber_g": 9.35, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 4.589999952316284 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 528.0, 671.0 ], "protein_g": [ 12.009, 16.4 ], "fat_g": [ 29.3, 65.8 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 2.7, 4.94 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.5, 21.1 ], "sugars_g": [ 3.0, 4.7 ], "fiber_g": [ 6.0, 16.1 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.14732 ], "water_g": [ 1.16, 9.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A014L", "matched_term_name": "Hazelnuts", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 19, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Process-based roasted (grilled) whole hazelnut kernel market: reuses the existing whole-kernel grilled composite (in-shell hazelnut from the lci-fruit RER market mix, shelling + roasting electricity, drum-roasting natural gas heat). Previously built only for Agribalyse-facing consumption (_grilled_hazelnuts_RER) and not yet wired to this EDB UUID. License: open sources only." }, "repl_75be555b12a814ad": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003107318", "name": "shelled hazelnuts production, RER, process-based", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_shelled_hazelnuts_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Shelled hazelnut, shelling/dehulling gate, Europe", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01HG", "name": "Hazelnuts" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_3522", "name": "hazelnuts" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "IT", "name": "Italy" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541647", "name": "16470 - figs (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_shelled_hazelnuts_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "shelling_dehulling_process_composite" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts are derived from open literature and BAFU OGD data. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram shelled hazelnuts production, RER, process-based built from 1 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram shelled hazelnuts production, RER, process-based", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Unshelled-hazelnut Agribalyse foreground root resolved to the open shelled-hazelnut composite: in-shell hazelnut from lci-fruit plus mechanical shelling/dehulling. Energy-derived burdens flow through BAFU technosphere electricity; agricultural field emissions stay in the lci-fruit hazelnut model. No fossil CO2 residual or back-solved GWP correction is added.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.087629 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.025 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.087629 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.025 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "market for hazelnut, modelled (in-shell, RER)", "amount": 2.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.0 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.0 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 71.0, "protein_g": 1.2, "fat_g": 0.5, "saturated_fat_g": 0.1, "carbohydrates_g": 13.5, "sugars_g": 12.2, "fiber_g": 4.1, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 80.2 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 71.0, 71.0 ], "protein_g": [ 1.2, 1.2 ], "fat_g": [ 0.5, 0.5 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.1, 0.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 13.5, 13.5 ], "sugars_g": [ 12.2, 12.2 ], "fiber_g": [ 4.1, 4.1 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 80.2, 80.2 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A01HG", "matched_term_name": "Figs", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "geo_proxy", "resolved_country": "CH", "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "origin 'IT' (Köppen Csa) not covered; using climate-nearest 'CH' (Köppen Cfb, distance 2)" ] }, "notes": "Unshelled-hazelnut Agribalyse foreground root resolved to the open shelled-hazelnut composite: in-shell hazelnut from lci-fruit plus mechanical shelling/dehulling. Energy-derived burdens flow through BAFU technosphere electricity; agricultural field emissions stay in the lci-fruit hazelnut model. No fossil CO2 residual or back-solved GWP correction is added." }, "repl_09dc11f52115e4b9": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003107320", "name": "shelled hazelnuts production, RER, process-based", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_shelled_hazelnuts_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Shelled hazelnut, shelling/dehulling gate, Europe", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01HG", "name": "Hazelnuts" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_3522", "name": "hazelnuts" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541647", "name": "16470 - figs (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_shelled_hazelnuts_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "shelling_dehulling_process_composite" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts are derived from open literature and BAFU OGD data. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram shelled hazelnuts production, RER, process-based built from 1 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram shelled hazelnuts production, RER, process-based", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Unshelled-hazelnut Agribalyse foreground root resolved to the open shelled-hazelnut composite: in-shell hazelnut from lci-fruit plus mechanical shelling/dehulling. Energy-derived burdens flow through BAFU technosphere electricity; agricultural field emissions stay in the lci-fruit hazelnut model. No fossil CO2 residual or back-solved GWP correction is added.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.087629 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.025 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.087629 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.025 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "market for hazelnut, modelled (in-shell, RER)", "amount": 2.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.0 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.0 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 69.8853544, "protein_g": 1.25, "fat_g": 0.3, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 16.0, "sugars_g": 9.5, "fiber_g": 2.7, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00254, "water_g": 80.15 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 37.0, 84.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.62, 3.6 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.6 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.27 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 6.6810596026490146, 40.99 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 52.9 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 4.64 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.01524 ], "water_g": [ 31.37, 88.1 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A01HG", "matched_term_name": "Figs", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 25, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "origin not resolvable to a covered row; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Unshelled-hazelnut Agribalyse foreground root resolved to the open shelled-hazelnut composite: in-shell hazelnut from lci-fruit plus mechanical shelling/dehulling. Energy-derived burdens flow through BAFU technosphere electricity; agricultural field emissions stay in the lci-fruit hazelnut model. No fossil CO2 residual or back-solved GWP correction is added." }, "repl_04ef7d972c5d3fad": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003107321", "name": "shelled hazelnuts production, RER, process-based", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_shelled_hazelnuts_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Shelled hazelnut, shelling/dehulling gate, Europe", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01HG", "name": "Hazelnuts" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_3522", "name": "hazelnuts" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541647", "name": "16470 - figs (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_shelled_hazelnuts_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "shelling_dehulling_process_composite" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts are derived from open literature and BAFU OGD data. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data is copied or used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram shelled hazelnuts production, RER, process-based built from 1 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram shelled hazelnuts production, RER, process-based", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Unshelled-hazelnut Agribalyse foreground root resolved to the open shelled-hazelnut composite: in-shell hazelnut from lci-fruit plus mechanical shelling/dehulling. Energy-derived burdens flow through BAFU technosphere electricity; agricultural field emissions stay in the lci-fruit hazelnut model. No fossil CO2 residual or back-solved GWP correction is added.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.087629 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.025 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.087629 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.025 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "market for hazelnut, modelled (in-shell, RER)", "amount": 2.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.0 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.0 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 69.8853544, "protein_g": 1.25, "fat_g": 0.3, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 16.0, "sugars_g": 9.5, "fiber_g": 2.7, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00254, "water_g": 80.15 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 37.0, 84.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.62, 3.6 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.6 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.27 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 6.6810596026490146, 40.99 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 52.9 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 4.64 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.01524 ], "water_g": [ 31.37, 88.1 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A01HG", "matched_term_name": "Figs", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 25, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "origin not resolvable to a covered row; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Unshelled-hazelnut Agribalyse foreground root resolved to the open shelled-hazelnut composite: in-shell hazelnut from lci-fruit plus mechanical shelling/dehulling. Energy-derived burdens flow through BAFU technosphere electricity; agricultural field emissions stay in the lci-fruit hazelnut model. No fossil CO2 residual or back-solved GWP correction is added." }, "repl_3edd385b68b1286c": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/781d69e3fd3949fb956e6be078bdd9a3", "name": "hemp protein powder production, dry mechanical milling and sieving (50% protein concentrate from cold-press hemp presscake)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_hemp_protein_powder_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Hemp protein powder, dry mechanical fractionation, Europe", "terms": [ { "id": "A016B", "name": "Hemp seeds", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "c_3558", "name": "hemp", "ns": "agrovoc" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541225", "name": "12250 - hemp seeds (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2024" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_hemp_protein_powder_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts derived from open peer-reviewed literature (Mahony 2011, Bernas 2021, Jakab 2025, Aimutis 2024, Meffo Kemda 2024, FDA GRN 771) and BAFU OGD catalog. No flow-level data copied from the proprietary ecoinvent database. BAFU attribution: 'Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.'", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram hemp protein powder production, dry mechanical milling and sieving (50% protein concentrate from cold-press hemp presscake) built from 1 energy / processing, 1 co-product credit, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram hemp protein powder production, dry mechanical milling and sieving (50% protein concentrate from cold-press hemp presscake)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Hemp protein powder (RER, dry mechanical fractionation): Pattern A composite LCI plus substitute_edb_self. Replaces the implicit cascade that traversed the EDB foreground from copy13 (presscake) to 781d69 (protein powder) -- a fragile path that produced ~0.704 kg CO2eq/kg by inheriting the recently fixed presscake economic allocation. The new composite makes the chain explicit: 1.6 kg presscake/kg powder (mass balance from Mahony 2011 / Bernas 2021 with 75% sieving recovery) plus 0.02 kWh electricity (Frontiers 2024 hemp processing data) plus 2.0e-05 m2 hall infrastructure. Resulting GWP ~0.631 kg CO2eq/kg powder, vs proprietary reference 1.001 (comparison only). Central within Aimutis 2024 dry seed-protein-concentrate band (0.7-2.0); residual ~37% gap attributable to the BAFU FR hemp seed activity carrying lower upstream burden than the proprietary reference's likely seed proxy.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.02, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "hemp presscake (food_processing_lci composite, cold-press, economic allocation)", "amount": 1.6, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "co-product credit", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.6 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.6 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall", "amount": 2e-05, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "co-product credit", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Hemp protein powder (RER, dry mechanical fractionation): Pattern A composite LCI plus substitute_edb_self. Replaces the implicit cascade that traversed the EDB foreground from copy13 (presscake) to 781d69 (protein powder) -- a fragile path that produced ~0.704 kg CO2eq/kg by inheriting the recently fixed presscake economic allocation. The new composite makes the chain explicit: 1.6 kg presscake/kg powder (mass balance from Mahony 2011 / Bernas 2021 with 75% sieving recovery) plus 0.02 kWh electricity (Frontiers 2024 hemp processing data) plus 2.0e-05 m2 hall infrastructure. Resulting GWP ~0.631 kg CO2eq/kg powder, vs proprietary reference 1.001 (comparison only). Central within Aimutis 2024 dry seed-protein-concentrate band (0.7-2.0); residual ~37% gap attributable to the BAFU FR hemp seed activity carrying lower upstream burden than the proprietary reference's likely seed proxy." }, "repl_675da1ec932689e6": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f13f719daa69825e59d10defdb857747_copy2", "name": "Sugar, from sugar beet, at sugar refinery", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "379280" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Isomalt, from sugar beet, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A033G" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "isomalt" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "B3125" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543024", "name": "30240 - isomalt (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "anchor_plus_correction", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "379280" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": null, "note": "Closure reaches only open leaves, but method.kind='anchor_plus_correction' is not a canonical ecoinvent-free kind; no blanket ecoinvent-free assertion is made. Inventory independently constructed from open peer-reviewed literature. No flow-level data copied from ecoinvent proprietary database. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Sugar, from sugar beet, at sugar refinery built from 2 mineral fertiliser, 9 other input, 3 energy / processing, 2 transport; emissions: field emission (carbon), field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Sugar, from sugar beet, at sugar refinery", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Isomalt processing reconstructed independently from open literature (Rose & Kunz 2002; Akmalina 2019; Suckling et al. 2025 SWEET). Process stages: fixed-bed Raney-Ni hydrogenation of isomaltulose, ion-exchange demineralisation, falling-film evaporation, crystallisation to GPS·½H2O + GPM·½H2O hemihydrate mixture. No SMB chromatographic separation (unlike maltitol). BAFU anchor: code 379280 (Sugar, from sugar beet, at sugar refinery) used as proxy for isomaltulose feedstock (no dedicated BAFU isomaltulose activity); feed ratio 0.97 kg/kg (stoichiometric MW ratio 342/353 = 0.969, rounded to 0.97 for ~1 % losses). Anchor GWP contribution: 0.4612 kg CO2eq/kg (underestimates isomaltulose upstream by ~0.15–0.27 kg CO2eq/kg pending dedicated isomaltulose module). Processing corrections routed through BAFU technosphere: electricity 0.4 kWh (0.1264 kg CO2eq), heat 5.0 MJ (0.3735 kg CO2eq), H2 0.011 kg (0.1300 kg CO2eq), HCl 30% 0.027 kg (0.0148 kg CO2eq), NaOH 50% 0.017 kg (0.0104 kg CO2eq). Total GWP = 0.4612 + 0.6552 = 1.1164 kg CO2eq/kg. No ecoinvent proprietary flow data reused; EDB record f13f719daa69825e59d10defdb857747_copy2 identified as ecoinvent derivative and excluded from this reconstruction. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Limestone, milled, loose, at plant", "amount": 0.17638, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "mineral fertiliser", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user", "amount": 6.444253211418377, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Soda, powder, at plant", "amount": 0.0020986, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at industrial furnace 1MW", "amount": 1.7756830381037334, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hard coal coke, at plant", "amount": 0.015254, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, waste", "amount": 0.76535, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chemicals inorganic, at plant", "amount": 0.00081236, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sugar beets IP, at farm", "amount": 5.845864661654135, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sugar refinery", "amount": 8.8237e-11, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sulphuric acid, liquid, at plant", "amount": 0.00038362, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, limestone residue, 5% water, to construction waste landfill", "amount": 0.21389, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "mineral fertiliser", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, rail, electricity with shunting", "amount": 0.46873, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, from residence, to wastewater treatment, class 2", "amount": 0.010407, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Carbon dioxide, biogenic", "amount": 0.42047, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (carbon)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chemicals organic, at plant", "amount": 0.00056415, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid", "amount": 0.19093, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, 16t-32t gross weight, fleet average", "amount": 0.0098313, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 0.058459, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "mineral fertiliser", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 9, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "field emission (carbon)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 240.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 0.0, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 100.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 0.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 240.0, 240.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 100.0, 100.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Isomalt (E953)", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.888, "embedding_distance": 0.112, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Isomalt' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Isomalt processing reconstructed independently from open literature (Rose & Kunz 2002; Akmalina 2019; Suckling et al. 2025 SWEET). Process stages: fixed-bed Raney-Ni hydrogenation of isomaltulose, ion-exchange demineralisation, falling-film evaporation, crystallisation to GPS·½H2O + GPM·½H2O hemihydrate mixture. No SMB chromatographic separation (unlike maltitol). BAFU anchor: code 379280 (Sugar, from sugar beet, at sugar refinery) used as proxy for isomaltulose feedstock (no dedicated BAFU isomaltulose activity); feed ratio 0.97 kg/kg (stoichiometric MW ratio 342/353 = 0.969, rounded to 0.97 for ~1 % losses). Anchor GWP contribution: 0.4612 kg CO2eq/kg (underestimates isomaltulose upstream by ~0.15–0.27 kg CO2eq/kg pending dedicated isomaltulose module). Processing corrections routed through BAFU technosphere: electricity 0.4 kWh (0.1264 kg CO2eq), heat 5.0 MJ (0.3735 kg CO2eq), H2 0.011 kg (0.1300 kg CO2eq), HCl 30% 0.027 kg (0.0148 kg CO2eq), NaOH 50% 0.017 kg (0.0104 kg CO2eq). Total GWP = 0.4612 + 0.6552 = 1.1164 kg CO2eq/kg. No ecoinvent proprietary flow data reused; EDB record f13f719daa69825e59d10defdb857747_copy2 identified as ecoinvent derivative and excluded from this reconstruction. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." }, "repl_99f860bc66be82f7": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003108911", "name": "almond macaroon production at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_macaroon_almond_meringue_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Macaroon, recipe, at plant {FR} U, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00CN", "name": "Macaroon" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540301", "name": "03010 - macaroons (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_macaroon_almond_meringue_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "macaroon_recipe_average", "egg_white_mass_allocation", "sugar_mix_estimated", "cooling_water_not_available", "egg_white_separation_energy_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open recipes, public literature, public government data, BAFU/UVEK activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci", "livestock_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram almond macaroon production at plant built from 2 energy / processing, 6 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram almond macaroon production at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based macaroon stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The recipe is built from open almond-meringue recipes and a biscuit-manufacturing energy/packaging/logistics analogue. The activity is stage-specific and links to the previous stage where applicable, so at-plant does not include packaging, distribution, supermarket, or consumer burdens. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so uncertainty bounds are not required at mapping level. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides because support-database import strips cross-tributary inputs from food_processing_lci activities.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.249722, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.16, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 2.7, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.0027, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "almond production, modelled", "amount": 0.316465, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.316465 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.316465 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "egg, free-range, mass-allocated to egg white", "amount": 0.257302, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.257302 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.257302 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sugar, from sugar beet, at sugar refinery", "amount": 0.51226, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sugar, from sugarcane, at sugar refinery", "amount": 0.090399, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 461.0, "protein_g": 6.9, "fat_g": 28.395000457763672, "saturated_fat_g": 16.1, "carbohydrates_g": 53.117000579833984, "sugars_g": 52.900001525878906, "fiber_g": 3.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.14732, "water_g": 7.58620023727417 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 442.0, 549.0 ], "protein_g": [ 4.0, 9.9 ], "fat_g": [ 17.8, 38.9 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 1.41, 33.8 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 35.1, 64.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 35.1, 62.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 2.1070001125335693, 5.9 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.07900000363588333, 0.2 ], "water_g": [ 4.1, 19.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00CN", "matched_term_name": "Macaroons", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 5, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "origin not resolvable to a covered row; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Process-based macaroon stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The recipe is built from open almond-meringue recipes and a biscuit-manufacturing energy/packaging/logistics analogue. The activity is stage-specific and links to the previous stage where applicable, so at-plant does not include packaging, distribution, supermarket, or consumer burdens. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so uncertainty bounds are not required at mapping level. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides because support-database import strips cross-tributary inputs from food_processing_lci activities." }, "repl_2a7d76b37ad8facf": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003108913", "name": "almond macaroon packaging", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_macaroon_almond_meringue_FR_at_packaging" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Macaroon, processed in FR | Ambient (long) | Pack proxy | at packaging {FR} U, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00CN", "name": "Macaroon" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540301", "name": "03010 - macaroons (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_macaroon_almond_meringue_FR_at_packaging" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "macaroon_recipe_average", "egg_white_mass_allocation", "sugar_mix_estimated", "cooling_water_not_available", "egg_white_separation_energy_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open recipes, public literature, public government data, BAFU/UVEK activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci", "livestock_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram almond macaroon packaging built from 1 energy / processing, 1 processing input, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram almond macaroon packaging", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based macaroon stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The recipe is built from open almond-meringue recipes and a biscuit-manufacturing energy/packaging/logistics analogue. The activity is stage-specific and links to the previous stage where applicable, so at-plant does not include packaging, distribution, supermarket, or consumer burdens. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so uncertainty bounds are not required at mapping level. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides because support-database import strips cross-tributary inputs from food_processing_lci activities.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.1, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "almond macaroon, at plant", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Packaging, corrugated board, mixed fibre, single wall, at plant", "amount": 0.0382, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 461.0, "protein_g": 6.9, "fat_g": 28.395000457763672, "saturated_fat_g": 16.1, "carbohydrates_g": 53.117000579833984, "sugars_g": 52.900001525878906, "fiber_g": 3.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.14732, "water_g": 7.58620023727417 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 442.0, 549.0 ], "protein_g": [ 4.0, 9.9 ], "fat_g": [ 17.8, 38.9 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 1.41, 33.8 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 35.1, 64.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 35.1, 62.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 2.1070001125335693, 5.9 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.07900000363588333, 0.2 ], "water_g": [ 4.1, 19.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00CN", "matched_term_name": "Macaroons", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 5, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "origin not resolvable to a covered row; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Process-based macaroon stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The recipe is built from open almond-meringue recipes and a biscuit-manufacturing energy/packaging/logistics analogue. The activity is stage-specific and links to the previous stage where applicable, so at-plant does not include packaging, distribution, supermarket, or consumer burdens. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so uncertainty bounds are not required at mapping level. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides because support-database import strips cross-tributary inputs from food_processing_lci activities." }, "repl_e7b025b00c86ac50": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003108912", "name": "almond macaroon ambient distribution", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_macaroon_almond_meringue_FR_at_distribution" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Macaroon, processed in FR | Ambient (long) | Pack proxy | at distribution {FR} U, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00CN", "name": "Macaroon" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540301", "name": "03010 - macaroons (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_macaroon_almond_meringue_FR_at_distribution" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "macaroon_recipe_average", "egg_white_mass_allocation", "sugar_mix_estimated", "cooling_water_not_available", "egg_white_separation_energy_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open recipes, public literature, public government data, BAFU/UVEK activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci", "livestock_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram almond macaroon ambient distribution built from 1 energy / processing, 1 other input, 1 processing input, 1 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram almond macaroon ambient distribution", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based macaroon stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The recipe is built from open almond-meringue recipes and a biscuit-manufacturing energy/packaging/logistics analogue. The activity is stage-specific and links to the previous stage where applicable, so at-plant does not include packaging, distribution, supermarket, or consumer burdens. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so uncertainty bounds are not required at mapping level. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides because support-database import strips cross-tributary inputs from food_processing_lci activities.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 6.94444e-07, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.00693, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "almond macaroon, packaged", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, 16t-32t gross weight, fleet average", "amount": 0.35, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 461.0, "protein_g": 6.9, "fat_g": 28.395000457763672, "saturated_fat_g": 16.1, "carbohydrates_g": 53.117000579833984, "sugars_g": 52.900001525878906, "fiber_g": 3.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.14732, "water_g": 7.58620023727417 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 442.0, 549.0 ], "protein_g": [ 4.0, 9.9 ], "fat_g": [ 17.8, 38.9 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 1.41, 33.8 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 35.1, 64.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 35.1, 62.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 2.1070001125335693, 5.9 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.07900000363588333, 0.2 ], "water_g": [ 4.1, 19.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00CN", "matched_term_name": "Macaroons", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 5, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "origin not resolvable to a covered row; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Process-based macaroon stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The recipe is built from open almond-meringue recipes and a biscuit-manufacturing energy/packaging/logistics analogue. The activity is stage-specific and links to the previous stage where applicable, so at-plant does not include packaging, distribution, supermarket, or consumer burdens. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so uncertainty bounds are not required at mapping level. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides because support-database import strips cross-tributary inputs from food_processing_lci activities." }, "repl_d94d33d50bbde411": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003108914", "name": "almond macaroon ambient supermarket", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_macaroon_almond_meringue_FR_at_supermarket" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Macaroon, processed in FR | Ambient (long) | Pack proxy | at supermarket {FR} U, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00CN", "name": "Macaroon" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540301", "name": "03010 - macaroons (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_macaroon_almond_meringue_FR_at_supermarket" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "macaroon_recipe_average", "egg_white_mass_allocation", "sugar_mix_estimated", "cooling_water_not_available", "egg_white_separation_energy_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open recipes, public literature, public government data, BAFU/UVEK activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci", "livestock_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram almond macaroon ambient supermarket built from 1 energy / processing, 1 other input, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram almond macaroon ambient supermarket", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based macaroon stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The recipe is built from open almond-meringue recipes and a biscuit-manufacturing energy/packaging/logistics analogue. The activity is stage-specific and links to the previous stage where applicable, so at-plant does not include packaging, distribution, supermarket, or consumer burdens. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so uncertainty bounds are not required at mapping level. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides because support-database import strips cross-tributary inputs from food_processing_lci activities.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.000229, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 2.09, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "almond macaroon, packaged, at distribution", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based macaroon stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The recipe is built from open almond-meringue recipes and a biscuit-manufacturing energy/packaging/logistics analogue. The activity is stage-specific and links to the previous stage where applicable, so at-plant does not include packaging, distribution, supermarket, or consumer burdens. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so uncertainty bounds are not required at mapping level. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides because support-database import strips cross-tributary inputs from food_processing_lci activities." }, "repl_0e86b7aaab327e89": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003108915", "name": "almond macaroon no-preparation consumer stage", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_macaroon_almond_meringue_FR_at_consumer_no_preparation" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Macaroon, processed in FR | Ambient (long) | Pack proxy | No preparation | at consumer {FR} [Ciqual code: 23027] U, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00CN", "name": "Macaroon" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540301", "name": "03010 - macaroons (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_macaroon_almond_meringue_FR_at_consumer_no_preparation" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "macaroon_recipe_average", "egg_white_mass_allocation", "sugar_mix_estimated", "cooling_water_not_available", "egg_white_separation_energy_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open recipes, public literature, public government data, BAFU/UVEK activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci", "livestock_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram almond macaroon no-preparation consumer stage built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram almond macaroon no-preparation consumer stage", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based macaroon stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The recipe is built from open almond-meringue recipes and a biscuit-manufacturing energy/packaging/logistics analogue. The activity is stage-specific and links to the previous stage where applicable, so at-plant does not include packaging, distribution, supermarket, or consumer burdens. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so uncertainty bounds are not required at mapping level. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides because support-database import strips cross-tributary inputs from food_processing_lci activities.", "line_items": [ { "name": "almond macaroon, packaged, at supermarket", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 461.0, "protein_g": 6.9, "fat_g": 28.395000457763672, "saturated_fat_g": 16.1, "carbohydrates_g": 53.117000579833984, "sugars_g": 52.900001525878906, "fiber_g": 3.2, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.14732, "water_g": 7.58620023727417 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 442.0, 549.0 ], "protein_g": [ 4.0, 9.9 ], "fat_g": [ 17.8, 38.9 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 1.41, 33.8 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 35.1, 64.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 35.1, 62.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 2.1070001125335693, 5.9 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.07900000363588333, 0.2 ], "water_g": [ 4.1, 19.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00CN", "matched_term_name": "Macaroons", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 5, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "origin not resolvable to a covered row; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Process-based macaroon stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The recipe is built from open almond-meringue recipes and a biscuit-manufacturing energy/packaging/logistics analogue. The activity is stage-specific and links to the previous stage where applicable, so at-plant does not include packaging, distribution, supermarket, or consumer burdens. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so uncertainty bounds are not required at mapping level. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides because support-database import strips cross-tributary inputs from food_processing_lci activities." }, "repl_9dc11f3434610086": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/6041c252e31657f6b1ffee0221d82066_copy18", "name": "Maize starch, at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "289738" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Maltitol syrup, production, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03413147", "name": "maltitol" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ], "time": { "start": "2025", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "anchor_plus_correction", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "289738" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": null, "note": "Closure reaches only open leaves, but method.kind='anchor_plus_correction' is not a canonical ecoinvent-free kind; no blanket ecoinvent-free assertion is made. Inventory independently constructed from open peer-reviewed literature. No flow-level data copied from the ecoinvent proprietary database. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Maize starch, at plant built from 2 energy / processing, 4 other input, 1 transport; emissions: field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Maize starch, at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Maltitol syrup production (RER) reconstructed independently from open literature (Suckling et al. 2025 SWEET; Vogelbusch high-DE syrup process data as used by domains/glucose.py). Two-stage composition: (1) maize-starch hydrolysis to high-maltose syrup (Vogelbusch platform, shared with glucose.py), (2) fixed-bed Raney-Ni hydrogenation + ion-exchange demineralisation + re-evaporation to ~75% DS syrup (NO SMB, NO crystallisation -- those belong to crystalline maltitol, not syrup). Fuller production boundary than the sibling _copy19 processing entry: the maize-starch substrate is BOUND (scope cradle_to_gate_proxy). BAFU anchor: code 289738 (Maize starch, at plant, DE); starch feed 0.71 kg/kg syrup (Vogelbusch 710 kg starch DS / 1000 kg 75%-DS syrup); anchor GWP contribution 0.8239 kg CO2eq/kg. Processing via BAFU technosphere: electricity 0.21 kWh (hydrolysis 0.06+hydrog 0.15; 0.0672 kg CO2eq), heat 3.9375 MJ (hydrolysis 2.0625+hydrog 1.875; 0.2943 kg CO2eq), H2 0.00863 kg (0.1020 kg CO2eq), HCl 30% 0.0171 kg (0.0095 kg CO2eq), NaOH 50% 0.01305 kg (0.0081 kg CO2eq). Total GWP = 0.8239 + 0.4811 = 1.305 kg CO2eq/kg. EDB reference 1.778 (proprietary ecoinvent derivative) is a sanity bound only, not a target; the reconstruction lands below it, consistent with the inflated inherited processing electricity documented for the isomalt EDB record. No ecoinvent / EDB proprietary flow data reused. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid", "amount": 0.25444, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user", "amount": 1.9560000000000004, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chemical plant, organics", "amount": 4e-10, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at industrial furnace 1MW", "amount": 3.988, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, waste", "amount": 0.916, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, maize starch production effluent, to wastewater treatment, class 2", "amount": 0.000691, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Grain maize IP, at farm", "amount": 1.2610000000000001, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 0.1261, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Maltitol syrup production (RER) reconstructed independently from open literature (Suckling et al. 2025 SWEET; Vogelbusch high-DE syrup process data as used by domains/glucose.py). Two-stage composition: (1) maize-starch hydrolysis to high-maltose syrup (Vogelbusch platform, shared with glucose.py), (2) fixed-bed Raney-Ni hydrogenation + ion-exchange demineralisation + re-evaporation to ~75% DS syrup (NO SMB, NO crystallisation -- those belong to crystalline maltitol, not syrup). Fuller production boundary than the sibling _copy19 processing entry: the maize-starch substrate is BOUND (scope cradle_to_gate_proxy). BAFU anchor: code 289738 (Maize starch, at plant, DE); starch feed 0.71 kg/kg syrup (Vogelbusch 710 kg starch DS / 1000 kg 75%-DS syrup); anchor GWP contribution 0.8239 kg CO2eq/kg. Processing via BAFU technosphere: electricity 0.21 kWh (hydrolysis 0.06+hydrog 0.15; 0.0672 kg CO2eq), heat 3.9375 MJ (hydrolysis 2.0625+hydrog 1.875; 0.2943 kg CO2eq), H2 0.00863 kg (0.1020 kg CO2eq), HCl 30% 0.0171 kg (0.0095 kg CO2eq), NaOH 50% 0.01305 kg (0.0081 kg CO2eq). Total GWP = 0.8239 + 0.4811 = 1.305 kg CO2eq/kg. EDB reference 1.778 (proprietary ecoinvent derivative) is a sanity bound only, not a target; the reconstruction lands below it, consistent with the inflated inherited processing electricity documented for the isomalt EDB record. No ecoinvent / EDB proprietary flow data reused. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." }, "repl_d95c5d4cde91efeb": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fc7f868ce8084c7499e6537b314efe3d", "name": "coconut cream production", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_coconut_cream_GLO" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Coconut cream, processed from dehusked coconut, GLO", "terms": [ { "id": "A03GD", "name": "Coconut cream", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "GLO", "name": "Global", "ns": "gadm" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543327", "name": "33270 - drink mixes (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2020" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_coconut_cream_GLO" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All data from open sources: FAO 1999, APCC 2006, Codex STAN 240-2003, Yani et al. 2022. No ecoinvent flow data copied. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.8, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram coconut cream production built from 2 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram coconut cream production", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Pattern A composite LCI: coconut cream production (GLO). Processing: grating + screw pressing + centrifuge separation + pasteurisation. Upstream: 2.700 kg dehusked coconut per kg cream (fat-balance: milk 17% → cream 24% via centrifuge, Codex STAN 240-2003). Processing energy: 0.111 kWh electricity (APCC 2006 + centrifuge), 0.55 MJ NG heat (pasteurisation 95°C), 0.81 kg process water. Sources: FAO (1999) Coconut Oil Manual; APCC (2006) Annex 2; Yani et al. (2022) J Food Eng; Codex STAN 240-2003. Upgraded from Pattern B (0.046 kg CO2 biosphere only) to Pattern A with explicit upstream coconut and BAFU technosphere exchanges.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.111, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.55, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.81, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "market for coconut, dehusked, modelled [GLO]", "amount": 2.7, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.7 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.7 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Pattern A composite LCI: coconut cream production (GLO). Processing: grating + screw pressing + centrifuge separation + pasteurisation. Upstream: 2.700 kg dehusked coconut per kg cream (fat-balance: milk 17% → cream 24% via centrifuge, Codex STAN 240-2003). Processing energy: 0.111 kWh electricity (APCC 2006 + centrifuge), 0.55 MJ NG heat (pasteurisation 95°C), 0.81 kg process water. Sources: FAO (1999) Coconut Oil Manual; APCC (2006) Annex 2; Yani et al. (2022) J Food Eng; Codex STAN 240-2003. Upgraded from Pattern B (0.046 kg CO2 biosphere only) to Pattern A with explicit upstream coconut and BAFU technosphere exchanges." }, "repl_934f38111567884c": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/10e70524b1c6471da9f84275358bd441_copy1", "name": "nut shelling and roasting, in-shell nuts", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_nut_shelling_roasting_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Nut shelling and roasting of in-shell nuts, gate-to-gate, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A048T", "name": "Nuts" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6195", "name": "nuts" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6779", "name": "roasting" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03544451", "name": "44510 - processing aids (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2017", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_nut_shelling_roasting_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: the EU FDM BREF (public Commission reference document), peer-reviewed open-access literature (Clausen 2017, Volpe 2015), primary plant equipment data (Cacace 2020) already held in this tributary's infrastructure pool, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram nut shelling and roasting, in-shell nuts built from 2 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram nut shelling and roasting, in-shell nuts", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Nuts processing, shelling and roasting of in-shell nuts (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.158528 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned EXACTLY ZERO under every non-climate impact method — verified against the live EDB_BAFU project. TWO UNSOURCED TERMS WERE REMOVED. (1) 'Infrastructure overhead' of 0.01785 kg CO2/kg (roasting; 37% of that entry's entire value) and 0.025 kg CO2/kg (shelling+roasting, itself a '+25%' dial applied to the first). Its stated basis was Heller & Keoleian 2018's 0.018-0.020 kg CO2/kg for the Impossible Burger — a wet, refrigerated formulation plant — transplanted onto a dry roasting line. Replaced by this tributary's own source-anchored rate (8.9e-05 kg machinery/kg product, Cacace 2020 primary plant data, 20 yr lifetime) carried on BAFU 563077, which comes to 0.00022 kg CO2/kg: the retired overheads were 81x and 114x too high. (2) A shell-waste disposal factor of 0.035 kg CO2/kg shell, asserted with no source whatsoever. The 1.5 kg shell MASS is defensible and is kept; only the unsourced factor is replaced, by BAFU 286849 anaerobic digestion of biowaste — nut shells being dry lignocellulosic biowaste. Inventory per kg kernel, all on BAFU technosphere edges: natural-gas heat 1.0 MJ (roasting 0.3-0.7 + shell-cracking pre-conditioning 0.2-0.4, Clausen 2017), shelling electricity 0.075 kWh (EU FDM BREF §7, 60-80 kWh/t), roasting electricity 0.001 kWh, amortised machinery 0.00015 kg, and 1.5 kg of shell to anaerobic digestion (BAFU 286849). Modelled GWP 0.160789 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.158528, delta +1.4%); modelled acidification 0.00016357 kg SO2eq/kg, which was structurally unreachable before. The rebuilt value remains inside the independent Volpe 2015 range of 0.06-0.19 kg CO2eq/kg for almond/hazelnut/pistachio shelling+toasting. No exchange amount in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat values (0.04771 roasting, 0.158528 shelling+roasting) or from any ecoinvent reference. The sourced energy quantities are carried forward UNCHANGED from the open literature that already backed them (EU FDM BREF §7, Clausen 2017); the two unsourced terms are dropped or replaced by measured BAFU activities. The rebuilt values fall by ~60% (roasting) and ~30% (shelling+roasting); those gaps are REPORTED, not tuned away. Note specifically that the retired roasting entry's claimed '+5.4% agreement' with an ecoinvent reference of 0.04529 was PRODUCED by the unsourced 0.01785 infrastructure term — an agreement manufactured by padding is not validation, it is the reference being used as a target. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 1.0 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 1.0 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 1.0 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 1.0 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.076, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, amortised per kg product (crackers, sorters, roaster)", "amount": 0.00015, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, nut shells (lignocellulosic biowaste), to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation", "amount": 1.5, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Nuts processing, shelling and roasting of in-shell nuts (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.158528 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned EXACTLY ZERO under every non-climate impact method — verified against the live EDB_BAFU project. TWO UNSOURCED TERMS WERE REMOVED. (1) 'Infrastructure overhead' of 0.01785 kg CO2/kg (roasting; 37% of that entry's entire value) and 0.025 kg CO2/kg (shelling+roasting, itself a '+25%' dial applied to the first). Its stated basis was Heller & Keoleian 2018's 0.018-0.020 kg CO2/kg for the Impossible Burger — a wet, refrigerated formulation plant — transplanted onto a dry roasting line. Replaced by this tributary's own source-anchored rate (8.9e-05 kg machinery/kg product, Cacace 2020 primary plant data, 20 yr lifetime) carried on BAFU 563077, which comes to 0.00022 kg CO2/kg: the retired overheads were 81x and 114x too high. (2) A shell-waste disposal factor of 0.035 kg CO2/kg shell, asserted with no source whatsoever. The 1.5 kg shell MASS is defensible and is kept; only the unsourced factor is replaced, by BAFU 286849 anaerobic digestion of biowaste — nut shells being dry lignocellulosic biowaste. Inventory per kg kernel, all on BAFU technosphere edges: natural-gas heat 1.0 MJ (roasting 0.3-0.7 + shell-cracking pre-conditioning 0.2-0.4, Clausen 2017), shelling electricity 0.075 kWh (EU FDM BREF §7, 60-80 kWh/t), roasting electricity 0.001 kWh, amortised machinery 0.00015 kg, and 1.5 kg of shell to anaerobic digestion (BAFU 286849). Modelled GWP 0.160789 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.158528, delta +1.4%); modelled acidification 0.00016357 kg SO2eq/kg, which was structurally unreachable before. The rebuilt value remains inside the independent Volpe 2015 range of 0.06-0.19 kg CO2eq/kg for almond/hazelnut/pistachio shelling+toasting. No exchange amount in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat values (0.04771 roasting, 0.158528 shelling+roasting) or from any ecoinvent reference. The sourced energy quantities are carried forward UNCHANGED from the open literature that already backed them (EU FDM BREF §7, Clausen 2017); the two unsourced terms are dropped or replaced by measured BAFU activities. The rebuilt values fall by ~60% (roasting) and ~30% (shelling+roasting); those gaps are REPORTED, not tuned away. Note specifically that the retired roasting entry's claimed '+5.4% agreement' with an ecoinvent reference of 0.04529 was PRODUCED by the unsourced 0.01785 infrastructure term — an agreement manufactured by padding is not validation, it is the reference being used as a target. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_9720cb1ee2966127": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU000000003106241", "name": "fresh stuffed cheese pasta production, cooked at plant (FR)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_fresh_stuffed_cheese_pasta_cooked_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Fresh stuffed cheese pasta, cooked at plant, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A007F", "name": "Pasta, cooked" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003106241", "name": "Fresh pasta, stuffed with cheese (e.g. ravioli), cooked" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540178", "name": "01780 - fresh pasta (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2021", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_fresh_stuffed_cheese_pasta_cooked_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_reported", "consumable_materials_not_available", "no_direct_biosphere_exchanges" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All quantities from open literature and public/open tributaries. BAFU OGD attribution: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "dairy_lci", "livestock_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram fresh stuffed cheese pasta production, cooked at plant (FR) built from 3 energy / processing, 4 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram fresh stuffed cheese pasta production, cooked at plant (FR)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Agribalyse v4 exact-root override for cooked fresh stuffed cheese pasta. The generated food_processing_lci activity models 1 kg product with 0.777 kg wheat semolina, 0.151 kg egg, 0.050 kg hard/Parmesan-type cheese, 0.061 kg whey, 0.415 kWh FR medium-voltage electricity, 2.327 MJ natural-gas heat from the Catellani 2025 manufacturing inventory, 0.630 MJ additional plant cooking heat from Cimini 2022 fresh-pasta cooking energy, and 1.860 kg process water. Catellani Table 3 has 32 line items; seven in-scope physical rows map one-to-one to inventory lines, while packaging, raw-material transport, distribution, consumer cooking, and end-of-life rows are out of this tributary boundary. Wastewater and cooling water are not reported for fresh stuffed pasta and are flagged as not_available / not_reported rather than silently treated as zero. Energy-derived CO2 flows only through BAFU technosphere exchanges; biosphere_exchanges is empty. No ecoinvent flow-level data used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.415, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.415 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.415 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.415 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.415 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.957, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 2.327 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.957 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 2.327 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.957 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.86, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "semolina, durum wheat", "amount": 0.777, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.777 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.777 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "free-range egg market, Germany, BAFU-modelled via livestock_lci", "amount": 0.151, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.151 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.151 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "hard cheese, Gouda/Emmental type, at dairy, BAFU-modelled", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.05 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "dairy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.05 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "whey, at dairy, BAFU-modelled", "amount": 0.061, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.061 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "dairy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.061 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 282.0, "protein_g": 11.0, "fat_g": 4.1, "saturated_fat_g": 1.5, "carbohydrates_g": 48.8, "sugars_g": 2.1, "fiber_g": 3.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.7086600000000001, "water_g": 33.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 282.0, 282.0 ], "protein_g": [ 11.0, 11.0 ], "fat_g": [ 4.1, 4.1 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 1.5, 1.5 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 48.8, 48.8 ], "sugars_g": [ 2.1, 2.1 ], "fiber_g": [ 3.0, 3.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.7086600000000001, 0.7086600000000001 ], "water_g": [ 33.0, 33.0 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "ravioli)", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.735, "embedding_distance": 0.265, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Fresh pasta' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 exact-root override for cooked fresh stuffed cheese pasta. The generated food_processing_lci activity models 1 kg product with 0.777 kg wheat semolina, 0.151 kg egg, 0.050 kg hard/Parmesan-type cheese, 0.061 kg whey, 0.415 kWh FR medium-voltage electricity, 2.327 MJ natural-gas heat from the Catellani 2025 manufacturing inventory, 0.630 MJ additional plant cooking heat from Cimini 2022 fresh-pasta cooking energy, and 1.860 kg process water. Catellani Table 3 has 32 line items; seven in-scope physical rows map one-to-one to inventory lines, while packaging, raw-material transport, distribution, consumer cooking, and end-of-life rows are out of this tributary boundary. Wastewater and cooling water are not reported for fresh stuffed pasta and are flagged as not_available / not_reported rather than silently treated as zero. Energy-derived CO2 flows only through BAFU technosphere exchanges; biosphere_exchanges is empty. No ecoinvent flow-level data used." }, "repl_028feb3ee45e638f": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003111353", "name": "pizza dough production, mixing and proofing (RER)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_pizza_dough_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Raw pizza dough base, mixing/proofing gate, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A009V", "name": "Pizza and pizza-like pies" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_8373", "name": "wheat flour" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540237", "name": "02370 - biscuits (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2023", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_pizza_dough_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pizza_dough_recipe_proxy" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All quantities estimated from Paolotti 2023 (CC BY 4.0) and standard recipe data. No ecoinvent data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram pizza dough production, mixing and proofing (RER) built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram pizza dough production, mixing and proofing (RER)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Raw pizza base Agribalyse foreground root resolved to the open pizza-dough composite (0.57 kg wheat-flour semolina anchor + 0.38 kg process water + 0.05 kWh mixing/kneading electricity, no drying). Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; biosphere_exchanges is empty. Minor recipe ingredients (salt, yeast, oil) are negligible GWP. No ecoinvent flow-level data used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.05 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.05 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.05 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.05 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.38, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "process water demand 0.38 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.38 kg.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "process water demand 0.38 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.38 kg.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "semolina, durum wheat (wheat flour proxy)", "amount": 0.57, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.57 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.57 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Raw pizza base Agribalyse foreground root resolved to the open pizza-dough composite (0.57 kg wheat-flour semolina anchor + 0.38 kg process water + 0.05 kWh mixing/kneading electricity, no drying). Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; biosphere_exchanges is empty. Minor recipe ingredients (salt, yeast, oil) are negligible GWP. No ecoinvent flow-level data used." }, "repl_1cfb08aa04df9972": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fa70f5043b474086b79a2e5784556476_copy3", "name": "egg pasta production (semolina anchor + processing energy; egg via EDB background)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_semolina_RER_copy2" }, "sediment": { "intent": "durum wheat egg pasta, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A001P" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "durumWheatHay" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540058", "name": "00580 - durum wheat grain (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_semolina_RER_copy2" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All inventory quantities from Paolotti 2023 (CC BY 4.0). No ecoinvent flow data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram egg pasta production (semolina anchor + processing energy; egg via EDB background) built from 3 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram egg pasta production (semolina anchor + processing energy; egg via EDB background)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Durum wheat egg pasta production (RER). Mixed product: ~70% semolina + ~28% liquid whole egg (fresh pasta recipe). Semolina input estimated: 0.933 kg/kg dried egg pasta (vs 1.072 for dry pasta; lower because egg provides protein network, less semolina needed; dried egg pasta ~25% less semolina per kg). Anchor: food_processing_lci semolina RER_copy2 (BAFU 457863 x1.408) x 0.933. Egg component (~0.387 kg liquid egg/kg product) handled by EDB background technosphere (separate issue). Processing CO2 same energy basis as Paolotti 2023 (egg pasta uses sheeting/cutting rather than extrusion/drying, but industrial energy similar): 0.19946 kg CO2/kg. Note: this entry primarily fixes the semolina substitution error; egg contribution contributes ~0.387 x 2.0 = 0.77 kg CO2eq via EDB background. EI GWP 1.352 = semolina upstream + egg upstream + processing. Root cause: auto-matcher substituted linseed for semolina; egg protein chain also disrupted. License: Paolotti 2023 CC BY 4.0. No ecoinvent proprietary data used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.089, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.247, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains conventional, Saxony-Anhalt, at farm", "amount": 1.408, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 332.0, "protein_g": 13.0, "fat_g": 2.9, "saturated_fat_g": 0.628503, "carbohydrates_g": 62.5, "sugars_g": 3.2, "fiber_g": 9.8, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 11.5 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 332.0, 332.0 ], "protein_g": [ 13.0, 13.0 ], "fat_g": [ 2.9, 2.9 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.628503, 0.628503 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 62.5, 62.5 ], "sugars_g": [ 3.2, 3.2 ], "fiber_g": [ 9.8, 9.8 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 11.5, 11.5 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "grain", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.936, "embedding_distance": 0.064, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Durum wheat grain' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Durum wheat egg pasta production (RER). Mixed product: ~70% semolina + ~28% liquid whole egg (fresh pasta recipe). Semolina input estimated: 0.933 kg/kg dried egg pasta (vs 1.072 for dry pasta; lower because egg provides protein network, less semolina needed; dried egg pasta ~25% less semolina per kg). Anchor: food_processing_lci semolina RER_copy2 (BAFU 457863 x1.408) x 0.933. Egg component (~0.387 kg liquid egg/kg product) handled by EDB background technosphere (separate issue). Processing CO2 same energy basis as Paolotti 2023 (egg pasta uses sheeting/cutting rather than extrusion/drying, but industrial energy similar): 0.19946 kg CO2/kg. Note: this entry primarily fixes the semolina substitution error; egg contribution contributes ~0.387 x 2.0 = 0.77 kg CO2eq via EDB background. EI GWP 1.352 = semolina upstream + egg upstream + processing. Root cause: auto-matcher substituted linseed for semolina; egg protein chain also disrupted. License: Paolotti 2023 CC BY 4.0. No ecoinvent proprietary data used." }, "repl_59e61b2c1e6d18f6": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fa70f5043b474086b79a2e5784556476_copy4", "name": "pizza dough production, mixing and proofing (RER)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_pizza_dough_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "pizza dough, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "pizza-dough" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A008J" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "A008J" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540200", "name": "02000 - yeast bread – pizza dough (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_pizza_dough_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All process quantities from open literature (Paolotti 2023 CC BY 4.0, Cibelli 2021 open access, Zingale 2022, Italian DPR 187/2001 public regulation, USDA Egg Grading Manual public document) and BAFU/UVEK OGD data. No ecoinvent proprietary flow-level data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram pizza dough production, mixing and proofing (RER) built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram pizza dough production, mixing and proofing (RER)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) pizza dough production (RER), Pattern A composite LCI. The generated food_processing_lci activity models 1 kg product with 0.570000 kg of durum wheat semolina/wheat flour proxy, 0.050000 kWh RER medium-voltage electricity, 0.000000 MJ RER natural-gas heat, and 0.380000 kg tap water. Energy-derived climate burden flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; direct biosphere_exchanges is empty. Semolina and pasta process quantities are from Paolotti 2023, with wholemeal semolina extraction recalibrated to Zingale 2022 Table 8 (1.052 kg grain/kg wholemeal semolina, about 95% extraction). Wastewater is not reported by Paolotti 2023 and is documented as not_available, not assumed zero. No ecoinvent flow-level data used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.05 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.05 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.05 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.05 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.38, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "process water demand 0.38 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.38 kg.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "process water demand 0.38 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.38 kg.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "semolina, durum wheat (wheat flour proxy)", "amount": 0.57, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.57 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.57 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "pizza dough production (RER), Pattern A composite LCI. The generated food_processing_lci activity models 1 kg product with 0.570000 kg of durum wheat semolina/wheat flour proxy, 0.050000 kWh RER medium-voltage electricity, 0.000000 MJ RER natural-gas heat, and 0.380000 kg tap water. Energy-derived climate burden flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; direct biosphere_exchanges is empty. Semolina and pasta process quantities are from Paolotti 2023, with wholemeal semolina extraction recalibrated to Zingale 2022 Table 8 (1.052 kg grain/kg wholemeal semolina, about 95% extraction). Wastewater is not reported by Paolotti 2023 and is documented as not_available, not assumed zero. No ecoinvent flow-level data used." }, "repl_862708740adc8869": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e2de961250344c8eaf166147148da12c", "name": "HTST pasteurisation service, per kg product", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_pasteurisation_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "pasteurisation, HTST, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A07HV" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_pasteurisation_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All energy parameters from open peer-reviewed literature (Beccali 2009, EU BREF FDM 2019) and public databases (IPCC 2006, IEA 2020). No flow-level data copied from the ecoinvent proprietary database. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram HTST pasteurisation service, per kg product built from 2 energy / processing; emissions: field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram HTST pasteurisation service, per kg product", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) HTST pasteurisation (72-95°C, 15-30s). Basis: per kg juice processed. Composite LCI pattern: bafu_key points to food_processing_lci activity. Processing-only gate-to-gate GWP = 0.02519 kg CO2eq/kg. Energy: natural gas (total boiler input) 0.3573 MJ/kg juice (Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange, pasteurisation step isolated) = 0.02004 kg CO2; electricity (pumps + controls) 0.01569 kWh/kg juice (Beccali 2009 Fig 1) = 0.00515 kg CO2. Total = 0.02519 kg CO2/kg. Lemon (Fig 2): 0.2808 MJ + 0.01663 kWh → ~0.021 kg CO2/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.3573, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.01569, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.01569 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.01569 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.01569 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.01569 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 0.3988, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.3988, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "HTST pasteurisation (72-95°C, 15-30s). Basis: per kg juice processed. Composite LCI pattern: bafu_key points to food_processing_lci activity. Processing-only gate-to-gate GWP = 0.02519 kg CO2eq/kg. Energy: natural gas (total boiler input) 0.3573 MJ/kg juice (Beccali 2009 Fig 1 orange, pasteurisation step isolated) = 0.02004 kg CO2; electricity (pumps + controls) 0.01569 kWh/kg juice (Beccali 2009 Fig 1) = 0.00515 kg CO2. Total = 0.02519 kg CO2/kg. Lemon (Fig 2): 0.2808 MJ + 0.01663 kWh → ~0.021 kg CO2/kg." }, "repl_34f83d4d231e80dc": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003113236", "name": "plain salty cracker production at plant, ingredients + baking", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plain_cracker_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Plain salty crackers, processing at plant, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A009G", "name": "Crackers (savoury biscuits)" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1073", "name": "cereals" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540219", "name": "02190 - choux pastry dough and similar (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2018", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plain_cracker_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "leavening_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "open_label_formulation" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts are from open product labels, open French government food-composition data, public LCA literature, and BAFU OGD activities. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data was copied or used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram plain salty cracker production at plant, ingredients + baking built from 3 energy / processing, 4 other input, 1 seed.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram plain salty cracker production at plant, ingredients + baking", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based plain salty cracker (at plant) reconstruction: replaces an unrelated federated archetype match with a food_processing_lci Pattern A composite. Inventory per kg finished cracker: 0.660 kg wheat flour (via 0.8571 kg BAFU FR wheat grain + milling electricity), 0.190 kg refined vegetable oil (sunflower cascade), 0.020 kg sugar, 0.016 kg salt, 4.50 MJ natural-gas baking heat, 0.299 kWh FR electricity, 0.50 kg process water, 0.0004 m3 wastewater. Leavening and cooling water flagged not_available. Deterministic GWP sanity check from linked open inputs is about 1.109542 kg CO2eq/kg (ecoinvent reference 0.983; band 0.75-1.35); this is not a fitted target.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.29887, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.29887 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.29887 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.29887 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.29887 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.5, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.5, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.0004, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains conventional, Barrois, at farm (FR), for flour milling", "amount": 0.857142, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "refined sunflower seed oil, food_processing_lci cascade", "amount": 0.19, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.19 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.19 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sugar, from sugar beet, at sugar refinery (CH)", "amount": 0.02, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium chloride, powder, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.016, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based plain salty cracker (at plant) reconstruction: replaces an unrelated federated archetype match with a food_processing_lci Pattern A composite. Inventory per kg finished cracker: 0.660 kg wheat flour (via 0.8571 kg BAFU FR wheat grain + milling electricity), 0.190 kg refined vegetable oil (sunflower cascade), 0.020 kg sugar, 0.016 kg salt, 4.50 MJ natural-gas baking heat, 0.299 kWh FR electricity, 0.50 kg process water, 0.0004 m3 wastewater. Leavening and cooling water flagged not_available. Deterministic GWP sanity check from linked open inputs is about 1.109542 kg CO2eq/kg (ecoinvent reference 0.983; band 0.75-1.35); this is not a fitted target." }, "repl_b9c385de05a7bb64": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003111462", "name": "plant-based wheat-soy patty production at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_plant" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Plant-based patty or steak from wheat and soybean (vegan), prepacked, recipe, at plant {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_8373", "name": "wheat" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_plant" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "gfi_system3_inventory", "p23_table_4_15_12_rows_mapped", "p23_table_4_16_8_rows_mapped", "wheat_gluten_isolation_not_available", "coconut_oil_proxied_by_palm_kernel_oil", "retail_refrigerant_leakage_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "pp_tray_mass_estimate", "chilled_distribution_proxy", "retail_chilled_electricity_proxy" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.8, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty production at plant built from 3 energy / processing, 7 other input, 1 processing input, 1 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty production at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.2189, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.013, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.013 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.013 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.013 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.013 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 6.716, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.0061, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation (CH)", "amount": 0.021, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "soy protein concentrate, wet fractionation, food-processing composite", "amount": 0.215, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.215 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.215 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "wheat input for vital wheat gluten row, Wheat IP at feed mill (BAFU 262716)", "amount": 0.404204, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "coconut oil row, proxied by palm-kernel oil where no BAFU coconut oil exists", "amount": 0.04, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "canola oil as RER rape oil (BAFU 286928)", "amount": 0.04, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "potato starch, at plant (BAFU 453974, DE)", "amount": 0.03, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "generic dried spices composite (spices_additives_lci)", "amount": 0.03, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "spices_additives_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "ingredient transport, lorry 16-32 t fleet average", "amount": 0.0095, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 7, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used." }, "repl_fe13af715e77e3f3": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003111464", "name": "plant-based wheat-soy patty PP packaging", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_packaging" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Plant-based patty or steak from wheat and soybean (vegan), prepacked, processed in FR | Chilled | Pack proxy | at packaging {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_8373", "name": "wheat" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_packaging" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "gfi_system3_inventory", "p23_table_4_15_12_rows_mapped", "p23_table_4_16_8_rows_mapped", "wheat_gluten_isolation_not_available", "coconut_oil_proxied_by_palm_kernel_oil", "retail_refrigerant_leakage_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "pp_tray_mass_estimate", "chilled_distribution_proxy", "retail_chilled_electricity_proxy" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty PP packaging built from 1 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty PP packaging", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "plant-based wheat-soy patty, at plant", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polypropylene granulate, PP tray and lid", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polyethylene/polypropylene tray and lid to municipal waste incineration", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used." }, "repl_d02e145fd13ee936": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003111463", "name": "plant-based wheat-soy patty chilled distribution", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_distribution" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Plant-based patty or steak from wheat and soybean (vegan), prepacked, processed in FR | Chilled | Pack proxy | at distribution {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_8373", "name": "wheat" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_distribution" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "gfi_system3_inventory", "p23_table_4_15_12_rows_mapped", "p23_table_4_16_8_rows_mapped", "wheat_gluten_isolation_not_available", "coconut_oil_proxied_by_palm_kernel_oil", "retail_refrigerant_leakage_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "pp_tray_mass_estimate", "chilled_distribution_proxy", "retail_chilled_electricity_proxy" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty chilled distribution built from 1 energy / processing, 1 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty chilled distribution", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "plant-based wheat-soy patty, prepacked", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "chilled distribution transport, 16-32 t lorry with 20% refrigeration surcharge", "amount": 0.6, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used." }, "repl_29a41eee8d33cb1c": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003111465", "name": "plant-based wheat-soy patty chilled supermarket", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_supermarket" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Plant-based patty or steak from wheat and soybean (vegan), prepacked, processed in FR | Chilled | Pack proxy | at supermarket {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_8373", "name": "wheat" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_supermarket" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "gfi_system3_inventory", "p23_table_4_15_12_rows_mapped", "p23_table_4_16_8_rows_mapped", "wheat_gluten_isolation_not_available", "coconut_oil_proxied_by_palm_kernel_oil", "retail_refrigerant_leakage_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "pp_tray_mass_estimate", "chilled_distribution_proxy", "retail_chilled_electricity_proxy" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty chilled supermarket built from 2 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty chilled supermarket", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.08, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "plant-based wheat-soy patty, prepacked, at distribution", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used." }, "repl_6fad4e4c788c4faf": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000009084600095", "name": "plant-based wheat-soy patty production at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_plant" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Plant-based patty or steak from wheat and soybean (not vegan), recipe, at plant {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_8373", "name": "wheat" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_plant" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "gfi_system3_inventory", "p23_table_4_15_12_rows_mapped", "p23_table_4_16_8_rows_mapped", "wheat_gluten_isolation_not_available", "coconut_oil_proxied_by_palm_kernel_oil", "retail_refrigerant_leakage_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "pp_tray_mass_estimate", "chilled_distribution_proxy", "retail_chilled_electricity_proxy", "not_vegan_variant_modelled_with_vegan_wheat_soy_base" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.66, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty production at plant built from 3 energy / processing, 7 other input, 1 processing input, 1 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty production at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.2189, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.013, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.013 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.013 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.013 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.013 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 6.716, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.0061, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation (CH)", "amount": 0.021, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "soy protein concentrate, wet fractionation, food-processing composite", "amount": 0.215, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.215 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.215 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "wheat input for vital wheat gluten row, Wheat IP at feed mill (BAFU 262716)", "amount": 0.404204, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "coconut oil row, proxied by palm-kernel oil where no BAFU coconut oil exists", "amount": 0.04, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "canola oil as RER rape oil (BAFU 286928)", "amount": 0.04, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "potato starch, at plant (BAFU 453974, DE)", "amount": 0.03, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "generic dried spices composite (spices_additives_lci)", "amount": 0.03, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "spices_additives_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "ingredient transport, lorry 16-32 t fleet average", "amount": 0.0095, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 7, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used." }, "repl_1be7a2be9d30be45": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000009084600097", "name": "plant-based wheat-soy patty PP packaging", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_packaging" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Plant-based patty or steak from wheat and soybean (not vegan), processed in FR | Chilled | Pack proxy | at packaging {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_8373", "name": "wheat" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_packaging" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "gfi_system3_inventory", "p23_table_4_15_12_rows_mapped", "p23_table_4_16_8_rows_mapped", "wheat_gluten_isolation_not_available", "coconut_oil_proxied_by_palm_kernel_oil", "retail_refrigerant_leakage_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "pp_tray_mass_estimate", "chilled_distribution_proxy", "retail_chilled_electricity_proxy", "not_vegan_variant_modelled_with_vegan_wheat_soy_base" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.64, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty PP packaging built from 1 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty PP packaging", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "plant-based wheat-soy patty, at plant", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polypropylene granulate, PP tray and lid", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polyethylene/polypropylene tray and lid to municipal waste incineration", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used." }, "repl_981768c57bccf6b8": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000009084600096", "name": "plant-based wheat-soy patty chilled distribution", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_distribution" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Plant-based patty or steak from wheat and soybean (not vegan), processed in FR | Chilled | Pack proxy | at distribution {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_8373", "name": "wheat" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_distribution" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "gfi_system3_inventory", "p23_table_4_15_12_rows_mapped", "p23_table_4_16_8_rows_mapped", "wheat_gluten_isolation_not_available", "coconut_oil_proxied_by_palm_kernel_oil", "retail_refrigerant_leakage_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "pp_tray_mass_estimate", "chilled_distribution_proxy", "retail_chilled_electricity_proxy", "not_vegan_variant_modelled_with_vegan_wheat_soy_base" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.64, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty chilled distribution built from 1 energy / processing, 1 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty chilled distribution", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "plant-based wheat-soy patty, prepacked", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "chilled distribution transport, 16-32 t lorry with 20% refrigeration surcharge", "amount": 0.6, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used." }, "repl_49dd25c9637317ee": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000009084600098", "name": "plant-based wheat-soy patty chilled supermarket", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_supermarket" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Plant-based patty or steak from wheat and soybean (not vegan), processed in FR | Chilled | Pack proxy | at supermarket {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_8373", "name": "wheat" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_supermarket" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "gfi_system3_inventory", "p23_table_4_15_12_rows_mapped", "p23_table_4_16_8_rows_mapped", "wheat_gluten_isolation_not_available", "coconut_oil_proxied_by_palm_kernel_oil", "retail_refrigerant_leakage_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "pp_tray_mass_estimate", "chilled_distribution_proxy", "retail_chilled_electricity_proxy", "not_vegan_variant_modelled_with_vegan_wheat_soy_base" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.64, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty chilled supermarket built from 2 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty chilled supermarket", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.08, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "plant-based wheat-soy patty, prepacked, at distribution", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used." }, "repl_64b4ba04b79e1a3e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000009084600130", "name": "plant-based wheat-soy patty production at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_plant" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Soybean and wheat-based nuggets (not vegan), recipe, at plant {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_8373", "name": "wheat" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_plant" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "gfi_system3_inventory", "p23_table_4_15_12_rows_mapped", "p23_table_4_16_8_rows_mapped", "wheat_gluten_isolation_not_available", "coconut_oil_proxied_by_palm_kernel_oil", "retail_refrigerant_leakage_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "pp_tray_mass_estimate", "chilled_distribution_proxy", "retail_chilled_electricity_proxy", "not_vegan_nugget_modelled_with_wheat_soy_patty_composite" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty production at plant built from 3 energy / processing, 7 other input, 1 processing input, 1 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty production at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.2189, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.013, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.013 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.013 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.013 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.013 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 6.716, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.0061, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation (CH)", "amount": 0.021, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "soy protein concentrate, wet fractionation, food-processing composite", "amount": 0.215, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.215 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.215 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "wheat input for vital wheat gluten row, Wheat IP at feed mill (BAFU 262716)", "amount": 0.404204, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "coconut oil row, proxied by palm-kernel oil where no BAFU coconut oil exists", "amount": 0.04, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "canola oil as RER rape oil (BAFU 286928)", "amount": 0.04, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "potato starch, at plant (BAFU 453974, DE)", "amount": 0.03, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "generic dried spices composite (spices_additives_lci)", "amount": 0.03, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "spices_additives_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "ingredient transport, lorry 16-32 t fleet average", "amount": 0.0095, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 7, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used." }, "repl_c29bac068140474a": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000009084600132", "name": "plant-based wheat-soy patty PP packaging", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_packaging" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Soybean and wheat-based nuggets (not vegan), processed in FR | Chilled | Pack proxy | at packaging {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_8373", "name": "wheat" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_packaging" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "gfi_system3_inventory", "p23_table_4_15_12_rows_mapped", "p23_table_4_16_8_rows_mapped", "wheat_gluten_isolation_not_available", "coconut_oil_proxied_by_palm_kernel_oil", "retail_refrigerant_leakage_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "pp_tray_mass_estimate", "chilled_distribution_proxy", "retail_chilled_electricity_proxy", "not_vegan_nugget_modelled_with_wheat_soy_patty_composite" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.6, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty PP packaging built from 1 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty PP packaging", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "plant-based wheat-soy patty, at plant", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polypropylene granulate, PP tray and lid", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polyethylene/polypropylene tray and lid to municipal waste incineration", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used." }, "repl_87432f669d75b2bf": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000009084600131", "name": "plant-based wheat-soy patty chilled distribution", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_distribution" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Soybean and wheat-based nuggets (not vegan), processed in FR | Chilled | Pack proxy | at distribution {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_8373", "name": "wheat" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_distribution" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "gfi_system3_inventory", "p23_table_4_15_12_rows_mapped", "p23_table_4_16_8_rows_mapped", "wheat_gluten_isolation_not_available", "coconut_oil_proxied_by_palm_kernel_oil", "retail_refrigerant_leakage_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "pp_tray_mass_estimate", "chilled_distribution_proxy", "retail_chilled_electricity_proxy", "not_vegan_nugget_modelled_with_wheat_soy_patty_composite" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.6, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty chilled distribution built from 1 energy / processing, 1 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty chilled distribution", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "plant-based wheat-soy patty, prepacked", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "chilled distribution transport, 16-32 t lorry with 20% refrigeration surcharge", "amount": 0.6, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used." }, "repl_054e72e5981ae23e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000009084600133", "name": "plant-based wheat-soy patty chilled supermarket", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_supermarket" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Soybean and wheat-based nuggets (not vegan), processed in FR | Chilled | Pack proxy | at supermarket {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_8373", "name": "wheat" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_wheat_soy_patty_FR_at_supermarket" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "gfi_system3_inventory", "p23_table_4_15_12_rows_mapped", "p23_table_4_16_8_rows_mapped", "wheat_gluten_isolation_not_available", "coconut_oil_proxied_by_palm_kernel_oil", "retail_refrigerant_leakage_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "pp_tray_mass_estimate", "chilled_distribution_proxy", "retail_chilled_electricity_proxy", "not_vegan_nugget_modelled_with_wheat_soy_patty_composite" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.6, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty chilled supermarket built from 2 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram plant-based wheat-soy patty chilled supermarket", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.08, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "plant-based wheat-soy patty, prepacked, at distribution", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based plant-based wheat-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from open GFI/EarthShift System 3 soy wet-fractionation / HME ground-meat alternative tables and Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, with downstream PP packaging, chilled distribution, and chilled retail stages kept separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. No macaroon, biscuit, or generic lifecycle-stage proxy is used." }, "repl_2387ebdf4ac0e65e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000009084600075", "name": "tofu-and-hard-cheese plant-based patty production at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_soybean_cheese_patty_FR_at_plant" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Plant-based patty or steak from soybean and cheese, recipe, at plant {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_soybean_cheese_patty_FR_at_plant" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "public_label_recipe_basis", "p23_soy_label_8_rows_mapped", "tofu_support_activity_allocated", "hard_cheese_via_dairy_lci", "french_soybean_proxied_by_bafu_us_soybean", "minor_cereal_binders_nutrition_bound", "tofu_coagulant_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "pp_tray_mass_estimate", "ambient_distribution_proxy", "retail_ambient_electricity_proxy", "consumer_pan_frying_appliance_mix_proxy", "consumer_pan_frying_not_cumulative_full_gas_and_electric" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open product labels, open literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "dairy_lci", "fruit_crops_lci", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram tofu-and-hard-cheese plant-based patty production at plant built from 2 energy / processing, 6 other input, 4 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram tofu-and-hard-cheese plant-based patty production at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based tofu-and-cheese plant-based patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from a public French SOY Croc Tofou Comte label, open tofu processing literature, dairy_lci hard cheese, and BAFU/local food-processing support activities. Downstream PP packaging, ambient distribution, ambient retail, and consumer pan-frying stages are separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.0219, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.2, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 5e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "tofu, allocated soybeans and tofu-processing utilities", "amount": 0.92, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.92 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.92 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "hard cheese, Gouda/Emmental type, at dairy, BAFU-modelled", "amount": 0.11, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.11 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "dairy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.11 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "millet flakes proxied by dehulled millet support activity", "amount": 0.0125, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.0125 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.0125 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "corn semolina proxied by maize polenta dry-milling support activity", "amount": 0.008, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.008 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.008 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rice flour support activity", "amount": 0.0045, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.0045 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.0045 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "yeast extract proxied by BAFU yeast paste from whey", "amount": 0.003, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sodium chloride powder, sea-salt proxy", "amount": 0.013, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "generic dried spices composite, nutmeg/spice row", "amount": 0.002, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "spices_additives_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based tofu-and-cheese plant-based patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from a public French SOY Croc Tofou Comte label, open tofu processing literature, dairy_lci hard cheese, and BAFU/local food-processing support activities. Downstream PP packaging, ambient distribution, ambient retail, and consumer pan-frying stages are separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required." }, "repl_1fa7f43fd350c267": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000009084600077", "name": "tofu-and-hard-cheese plant-based patty PP packaging", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_soybean_cheese_patty_FR_at_packaging" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Plant-based patty or steak from soybean and cheese, processed in FR | Ambient (long) | Pack proxy | at packaging {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_soybean_cheese_patty_FR_at_packaging" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "public_label_recipe_basis", "p23_soy_label_8_rows_mapped", "tofu_support_activity_allocated", "hard_cheese_via_dairy_lci", "french_soybean_proxied_by_bafu_us_soybean", "minor_cereal_binders_nutrition_bound", "tofu_coagulant_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "pp_tray_mass_estimate", "ambient_distribution_proxy", "retail_ambient_electricity_proxy", "consumer_pan_frying_appliance_mix_proxy", "consumer_pan_frying_not_cumulative_full_gas_and_electric" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open product labels, open literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "dairy_lci", "fruit_crops_lci", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram tofu-and-hard-cheese plant-based patty PP packaging built from 1 processing input, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram tofu-and-hard-cheese plant-based patty PP packaging", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based tofu-and-cheese plant-based patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from a public French SOY Croc Tofou Comte label, open tofu processing literature, dairy_lci hard cheese, and BAFU/local food-processing support activities. Downstream PP packaging, ambient distribution, ambient retail, and consumer pan-frying stages are separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required.", "line_items": [ { "name": "plant-based soybean-and-cheese patty, at plant", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polypropylene granulate, PP tray and lid", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polyethylene/polypropylene tray and lid to municipal waste incineration", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based tofu-and-cheese plant-based patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from a public French SOY Croc Tofou Comte label, open tofu processing literature, dairy_lci hard cheese, and BAFU/local food-processing support activities. Downstream PP packaging, ambient distribution, ambient retail, and consumer pan-frying stages are separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required." }, "repl_3048cb80600fd8e0": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000009084600076", "name": "tofu-and-hard-cheese plant-based patty ambient distribution", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_soybean_cheese_patty_FR_at_distribution" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Plant-based patty or steak from soybean and cheese, processed in FR | Ambient (long) | Pack proxy | at distribution {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_soybean_cheese_patty_FR_at_distribution" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "public_label_recipe_basis", "p23_soy_label_8_rows_mapped", "tofu_support_activity_allocated", "hard_cheese_via_dairy_lci", "french_soybean_proxied_by_bafu_us_soybean", "minor_cereal_binders_nutrition_bound", "tofu_coagulant_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "pp_tray_mass_estimate", "ambient_distribution_proxy", "retail_ambient_electricity_proxy", "consumer_pan_frying_appliance_mix_proxy", "consumer_pan_frying_not_cumulative_full_gas_and_electric" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open product labels, open literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "dairy_lci", "fruit_crops_lci", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram tofu-and-hard-cheese plant-based patty ambient distribution built from 1 processing input, 1 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram tofu-and-hard-cheese plant-based patty ambient distribution", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based tofu-and-cheese plant-based patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from a public French SOY Croc Tofou Comte label, open tofu processing literature, dairy_lci hard cheese, and BAFU/local food-processing support activities. Downstream PP packaging, ambient distribution, ambient retail, and consumer pan-frying stages are separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required.", "line_items": [ { "name": "plant-based soybean-and-cheese patty, packaged", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "ambient distribution transport, 16-32 t lorry, 500 km France proxy", "amount": 0.5, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based tofu-and-cheese plant-based patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from a public French SOY Croc Tofou Comte label, open tofu processing literature, dairy_lci hard cheese, and BAFU/local food-processing support activities. Downstream PP packaging, ambient distribution, ambient retail, and consumer pan-frying stages are separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required." }, "repl_e8ff4a6c07c246ef": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000009084600078", "name": "tofu-and-hard-cheese plant-based patty ambient supermarket", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_soybean_cheese_patty_FR_at_supermarket" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Plant-based patty or steak from soybean and cheese, processed in FR | Ambient (long) | Pack proxy | at supermarket {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_soybean_cheese_patty_FR_at_supermarket" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "public_label_recipe_basis", "p23_soy_label_8_rows_mapped", "tofu_support_activity_allocated", "hard_cheese_via_dairy_lci", "french_soybean_proxied_by_bafu_us_soybean", "minor_cereal_binders_nutrition_bound", "tofu_coagulant_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "pp_tray_mass_estimate", "ambient_distribution_proxy", "retail_ambient_electricity_proxy", "consumer_pan_frying_appliance_mix_proxy", "consumer_pan_frying_not_cumulative_full_gas_and_electric" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open product labels, open literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "dairy_lci", "fruit_crops_lci", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram tofu-and-hard-cheese plant-based patty ambient supermarket built from 1 energy / processing, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram tofu-and-hard-cheese plant-based patty ambient supermarket", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based tofu-and-cheese plant-based patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from a public French SOY Croc Tofou Comte label, open tofu processing literature, dairy_lci hard cheese, and BAFU/local food-processing support activities. Downstream PP packaging, ambient distribution, ambient retail, and consumer pan-frying stages are separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.02, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "plant-based soybean-and-cheese patty, packaged, at distribution", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based tofu-and-cheese plant-based patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from a public French SOY Croc Tofou Comte label, open tofu processing literature, dairy_lci hard cheese, and BAFU/local food-processing support activities. Downstream PP packaging, ambient distribution, ambient retail, and consumer pan-frying stages are separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required." }, "repl_60d82e33c8b03727": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000009084600079", "name": "tofu-and-hard-cheese plant-based patty consumer pan-frying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_soybean_cheese_patty_FR_at_consumer_pan_frying" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Plant-based patty or steak from soybean and cheese, processed in FR | Ambient (long) | Pack proxy | Pan frying | at consumer {FR} [Ciqual code: 25595] U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_soybean_cheese_patty_FR_at_consumer_pan_frying" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "public_label_recipe_basis", "p23_soy_label_8_rows_mapped", "tofu_support_activity_allocated", "hard_cheese_via_dairy_lci", "french_soybean_proxied_by_bafu_us_soybean", "minor_cereal_binders_nutrition_bound", "tofu_coagulant_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "pp_tray_mass_estimate", "ambient_distribution_proxy", "retail_ambient_electricity_proxy", "consumer_pan_frying_appliance_mix_proxy", "consumer_pan_frying_not_cumulative_full_gas_and_electric", "consumer_pan_frying_energy_proxy" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open product labels, open literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "dairy_lci", "fruit_crops_lci", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram tofu-and-hard-cheese plant-based patty consumer pan-frying built from 2 energy / processing, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram tofu-and-hard-cheese plant-based patty consumer pan-frying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based tofu-and-cheese plant-based patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from a public French SOY Croc Tofou Comte label, open tofu processing literature, dairy_lci hard cheese, and BAFU/local food-processing support activities. Downstream PP packaging, ambient distribution, ambient retail, and consumer pan-frying stages are separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.759, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.2228, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "plant-based soybean-and-cheese patty, packaged, at supermarket", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based tofu-and-cheese plant-based patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from a public French SOY Croc Tofou Comte label, open tofu processing literature, dairy_lci hard cheese, and BAFU/local food-processing support activities. Downstream PP packaging, ambient distribution, ambient retail, and consumer pan-frying stages are separate. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required." }, "repl_8b428ded1da9e4de": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000009084600048", "name": "cereal-and-hard-cheese patty production at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cereal_cheese_patty_no_soy_FR_at_plant" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Cereal patty with cheese (without soybean), recipe, at plant {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1073", "name": "cereals" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1648", "name": "cheese" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cereal_cheese_patty_no_soy_FR_at_plant" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "public_label_recipe_basis", "p23_cereal_bio_label_12_rows_10_quantified_2_not_available", "hard_cheese_via_dairy_lci", "buckwheat_proxied_by_barley_grain", "oat_flakes_proxied_by_barley_grain", "bulgur_support_activity_not_available", "wheat_gluten_isolation_not_available", "garlic_pepper_not_available", "buckwheat_roasting_energy_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "cardboard_and_film_packaging_mass_estimate", "open_label_chilled_target_ambient_long", "ambient_distribution_proxy", "retail_ambient_electricity_proxy", "consumer_pan_frying_appliance_mix_proxy", "consumer_pan_frying_not_cumulative_full_gas_and_electric" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open product labels, open literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "dairy_lci", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.73, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram cereal-and-hard-cheese patty production at plant built from 7 energy / processing, 6 other input, 1 seed.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram cereal-and-hard-cheese patty production at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based cereal-and-cheese, no-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from a public French Cereal Bio Sarrasin-Comte label, USDA-derived hydrated-grain moisture, Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, dairy_lci hard cheese, lci-food-processing cereal/oil support activities, lci-fruit onion, and BAFU technosphere inputs. Downstream cardboard/film packaging, ambient distribution, ambient retail, and consumer pan-frying stages are separate. The entry rejects the prior soybean/tofu-and-cheese substitution and emits no direct fossil CO2 biosphere residual.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.0219, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.2, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.509729, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 5e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "dry matter in rehydrated whole-wheat bulgur, proxied by French wheat grain", "amount": 0.09306, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "dry matter in rehydrated grilled buckwheat, proxied by French barley grain", "amount": 0.041211, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Comte cheese, proxied by hard Gouda/Emmental-type cheese", "amount": 0.105, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.105 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "dairy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.105 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "onion production, RER crop-model composite", "amount": 0.066, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.066 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.066 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "wheat flour dry-milling support activity", "amount": 0.057, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.057 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.057 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "refined sunflower seed oil, food-processing cascade", "amount": 0.056, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.056 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.056 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "whole wheat flakes, proxied by wholemeal wheat-flour milling support", "amount": 0.039, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.039 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.039 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "whole oat flakes, proxied by French barley grain", "amount": 0.039, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "wheat input equivalent for vital wheat gluten row", "amount": 0.137429, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sodium chloride powder, sea-salt proxy", "amount": 0.01, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 7, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 376.0, "protein_g": 9.0, "fat_g": 1.9, "saturated_fat_g": 0.3, "carbohydrates_g": 75.0, "sugars_g": 7.829999923706055, "fiber_g": 5.0995, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.8, "water_g": 5.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 327.405, 477.0 ], "protein_g": [ 6.65, 16.0 ], "fat_g": [ 0.6, 7.3 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 1.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 48.095025, 90.9 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 30.361 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 11.5 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 2.0139660000000004 ], "water_g": [ 1.0, 11.6 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Breakfast cereal 7 cereals breakfast", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 1.0, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 13, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.772, "embedding_distance": 0.228, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'breakfast cereals' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Process-based cereal-and-cheese, no-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from a public French Cereal Bio Sarrasin-Comte label, USDA-derived hydrated-grain moisture, Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, dairy_lci hard cheese, lci-food-processing cereal/oil support activities, lci-fruit onion, and BAFU technosphere inputs. Downstream cardboard/film packaging, ambient distribution, ambient retail, and consumer pan-frying stages are separate. The entry rejects the prior soybean/tofu-and-cheese substitution and emits no direct fossil CO2 biosphere residual." }, "repl_543291f48793c45f": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000009084600050", "name": "cereal-and-hard-cheese patty cardboard and film packaging", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cereal_cheese_patty_no_soy_FR_at_packaging" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Cereal patty with cheese (without soybean), processed in FR | Ambient (long) | Pack proxy | at packaging {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1073", "name": "cereals" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1648", "name": "cheese" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cereal_cheese_patty_no_soy_FR_at_packaging" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "public_label_recipe_basis", "p23_cereal_bio_label_12_rows_10_quantified_2_not_available", "hard_cheese_via_dairy_lci", "buckwheat_proxied_by_barley_grain", "oat_flakes_proxied_by_barley_grain", "bulgur_support_activity_not_available", "wheat_gluten_isolation_not_available", "garlic_pepper_not_available", "buckwheat_roasting_energy_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "cardboard_and_film_packaging_mass_estimate", "open_label_chilled_target_ambient_long", "ambient_distribution_proxy", "retail_ambient_electricity_proxy", "consumer_pan_frying_appliance_mix_proxy", "consumer_pan_frying_not_cumulative_full_gas_and_electric" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open product labels, open literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "dairy_lci", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.71, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram cereal-and-hard-cheese patty cardboard and film packaging built from 1 processing input, 4 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram cereal-and-hard-cheese patty cardboard and film packaging", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based cereal-and-cheese, no-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from a public French Cereal Bio Sarrasin-Comte label, USDA-derived hydrated-grain moisture, Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, dairy_lci hard cheese, lci-food-processing cereal/oil support activities, lci-fruit onion, and BAFU technosphere inputs. Downstream cardboard/film packaging, ambient distribution, ambient retail, and consumer pan-frying stages are separate. The entry rejects the prior soybean/tofu-and-cheese substitution and emits no direct fossil CO2 biosphere residual.", "line_items": [ { "name": "cereal patty with cheese, without soybean, at plant", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "folding boxboard, retail cardboard box", "amount": 0.03, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "packaging paper/cardboard to municipal incineration", "amount": 0.03, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "LDPE packaging film / inner bag", "amount": 0.01, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polyethylene film to municipal waste incineration", "amount": 0.01, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 376.0, "protein_g": 9.0, "fat_g": 1.9, "saturated_fat_g": 0.3, "carbohydrates_g": 75.0, "sugars_g": 7.829999923706055, "fiber_g": 5.0995, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.8, "water_g": 5.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 327.405, 477.0 ], "protein_g": [ 6.65, 16.0 ], "fat_g": [ 0.6, 7.3 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 1.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 48.095025, 90.9 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 30.361 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 11.5 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 2.0139660000000004 ], "water_g": [ 1.0, 11.6 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Breakfast cereal 7 cereals breakfast", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 1.0, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 13, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.772, "embedding_distance": 0.228, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'breakfast cereals' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Process-based cereal-and-cheese, no-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from a public French Cereal Bio Sarrasin-Comte label, USDA-derived hydrated-grain moisture, Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, dairy_lci hard cheese, lci-food-processing cereal/oil support activities, lci-fruit onion, and BAFU technosphere inputs. Downstream cardboard/film packaging, ambient distribution, ambient retail, and consumer pan-frying stages are separate. The entry rejects the prior soybean/tofu-and-cheese substitution and emits no direct fossil CO2 biosphere residual." }, "repl_79e3eaad082df913": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000009084600049", "name": "cereal-and-hard-cheese patty ambient distribution", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cereal_cheese_patty_no_soy_FR_at_distribution" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Cereal patty with cheese (without soybean), processed in FR | Ambient (long) | Pack proxy | at distribution {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1073", "name": "cereals" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1648", "name": "cheese" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cereal_cheese_patty_no_soy_FR_at_distribution" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "public_label_recipe_basis", "p23_cereal_bio_label_12_rows_10_quantified_2_not_available", "hard_cheese_via_dairy_lci", "buckwheat_proxied_by_barley_grain", "oat_flakes_proxied_by_barley_grain", "bulgur_support_activity_not_available", "wheat_gluten_isolation_not_available", "garlic_pepper_not_available", "buckwheat_roasting_energy_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "cardboard_and_film_packaging_mass_estimate", "open_label_chilled_target_ambient_long", "ambient_distribution_proxy", "retail_ambient_electricity_proxy", "consumer_pan_frying_appliance_mix_proxy", "consumer_pan_frying_not_cumulative_full_gas_and_electric" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open product labels, open literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "dairy_lci", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.71, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram cereal-and-hard-cheese patty ambient distribution built from 1 processing input, 1 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram cereal-and-hard-cheese patty ambient distribution", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based cereal-and-cheese, no-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from a public French Cereal Bio Sarrasin-Comte label, USDA-derived hydrated-grain moisture, Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, dairy_lci hard cheese, lci-food-processing cereal/oil support activities, lci-fruit onion, and BAFU technosphere inputs. Downstream cardboard/film packaging, ambient distribution, ambient retail, and consumer pan-frying stages are separate. The entry rejects the prior soybean/tofu-and-cheese substitution and emits no direct fossil CO2 biosphere residual.", "line_items": [ { "name": "cereal patty with cheese, without soybean, packaged", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "ambient distribution transport, 16-32 t lorry, 500 km France proxy", "amount": 0.5, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 376.0, "protein_g": 9.0, "fat_g": 1.9, "saturated_fat_g": 0.3, "carbohydrates_g": 75.0, "sugars_g": 7.829999923706055, "fiber_g": 5.0995, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.8, "water_g": 5.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 327.405, 477.0 ], "protein_g": [ 6.65, 16.0 ], "fat_g": [ 0.6, 7.3 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 1.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 48.095025, 90.9 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 30.361 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 11.5 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 2.0139660000000004 ], "water_g": [ 1.0, 11.6 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Breakfast cereal 7 cereals breakfast", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 1.0, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 13, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.772, "embedding_distance": 0.228, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'breakfast cereals' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Process-based cereal-and-cheese, no-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from a public French Cereal Bio Sarrasin-Comte label, USDA-derived hydrated-grain moisture, Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, dairy_lci hard cheese, lci-food-processing cereal/oil support activities, lci-fruit onion, and BAFU technosphere inputs. Downstream cardboard/film packaging, ambient distribution, ambient retail, and consumer pan-frying stages are separate. The entry rejects the prior soybean/tofu-and-cheese substitution and emits no direct fossil CO2 biosphere residual." }, "repl_053fbad03f5784ec": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000009084600051", "name": "cereal-and-hard-cheese patty ambient supermarket", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cereal_cheese_patty_no_soy_FR_at_supermarket" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Cereal patty with cheese (without soybean), processed in FR | Ambient (long) | Pack proxy | at supermarket {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1073", "name": "cereals" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1648", "name": "cheese" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cereal_cheese_patty_no_soy_FR_at_supermarket" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "public_label_recipe_basis", "p23_cereal_bio_label_12_rows_10_quantified_2_not_available", "hard_cheese_via_dairy_lci", "buckwheat_proxied_by_barley_grain", "oat_flakes_proxied_by_barley_grain", "bulgur_support_activity_not_available", "wheat_gluten_isolation_not_available", "garlic_pepper_not_available", "buckwheat_roasting_energy_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "cardboard_and_film_packaging_mass_estimate", "open_label_chilled_target_ambient_long", "ambient_distribution_proxy", "retail_ambient_electricity_proxy", "consumer_pan_frying_appliance_mix_proxy", "consumer_pan_frying_not_cumulative_full_gas_and_electric", "open_label_chilled_target_ambient_long" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open product labels, open literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "dairy_lci", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.71, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram cereal-and-hard-cheese patty ambient supermarket built from 1 energy / processing, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram cereal-and-hard-cheese patty ambient supermarket", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based cereal-and-cheese, no-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from a public French Cereal Bio Sarrasin-Comte label, USDA-derived hydrated-grain moisture, Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, dairy_lci hard cheese, lci-food-processing cereal/oil support activities, lci-fruit onion, and BAFU technosphere inputs. Downstream cardboard/film packaging, ambient distribution, ambient retail, and consumer pan-frying stages are separate. The entry rejects the prior soybean/tofu-and-cheese substitution and emits no direct fossil CO2 biosphere residual.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.02, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "cereal patty with cheese, without soybean, at distribution", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 376.0, "protein_g": 9.0, "fat_g": 1.9, "saturated_fat_g": 0.3, "carbohydrates_g": 75.0, "sugars_g": 7.829999923706055, "fiber_g": 5.0995, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.8, "water_g": 5.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 327.405, 477.0 ], "protein_g": [ 6.65, 16.0 ], "fat_g": [ 0.6, 7.3 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 1.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 48.095025, 90.9 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 30.361 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 11.5 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 2.0139660000000004 ], "water_g": [ 1.0, 11.6 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Breakfast cereal 7 cereals breakfast", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 1.0, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 13, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.772, "embedding_distance": 0.228, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'breakfast cereals' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Process-based cereal-and-cheese, no-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from a public French Cereal Bio Sarrasin-Comte label, USDA-derived hydrated-grain moisture, Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, dairy_lci hard cheese, lci-food-processing cereal/oil support activities, lci-fruit onion, and BAFU technosphere inputs. Downstream cardboard/film packaging, ambient distribution, ambient retail, and consumer pan-frying stages are separate. The entry rejects the prior soybean/tofu-and-cheese substitution and emits no direct fossil CO2 biosphere residual." }, "repl_dd12e5e3372b143d": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000009084600052", "name": "cereal-and-hard-cheese patty consumer pan-frying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cereal_cheese_patty_no_soy_FR_at_consumer_pan_frying" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Cereal patty with cheese (without soybean), processed in FR | Ambient (long) | Pack proxy | Pan frying | at consumer {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1073", "name": "cereals" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1648", "name": "cheese" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_cereal_cheese_patty_no_soy_FR_at_consumer_pan_frying" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "public_label_recipe_basis", "p23_cereal_bio_label_12_rows_10_quantified_2_not_available", "hard_cheese_via_dairy_lci", "buckwheat_proxied_by_barley_grain", "oat_flakes_proxied_by_barley_grain", "bulgur_support_activity_not_available", "wheat_gluten_isolation_not_available", "garlic_pepper_not_available", "buckwheat_roasting_energy_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "cardboard_and_film_packaging_mass_estimate", "open_label_chilled_target_ambient_long", "ambient_distribution_proxy", "retail_ambient_electricity_proxy", "consumer_pan_frying_appliance_mix_proxy", "consumer_pan_frying_not_cumulative_full_gas_and_electric", "consumer_pan_frying_energy_proxy" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open product labels, open literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "dairy_lci", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.67, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram cereal-and-hard-cheese patty consumer pan-frying built from 2 energy / processing, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram cereal-and-hard-cheese patty consumer pan-frying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based cereal-and-cheese, no-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from a public French Cereal Bio Sarrasin-Comte label, USDA-derived hydrated-grain moisture, Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, dairy_lci hard cheese, lci-food-processing cereal/oil support activities, lci-fruit onion, and BAFU technosphere inputs. Downstream cardboard/film packaging, ambient distribution, ambient retail, and consumer pan-frying stages are separate. The entry rejects the prior soybean/tofu-and-cheese substitution and emits no direct fossil CO2 biosphere residual.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.9108, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 5.06736, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "cereal patty with cheese, without soybean, at supermarket", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 376.0, "protein_g": 9.0, "fat_g": 1.9, "saturated_fat_g": 0.3, "carbohydrates_g": 75.0, "sugars_g": 7.829999923706055, "fiber_g": 5.0995, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.8, "water_g": 5.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 327.405, 477.0 ], "protein_g": [ 6.65, 16.0 ], "fat_g": [ 0.6, 7.3 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 1.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 48.095025, 90.9 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 30.361 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 11.5 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 2.0139660000000004 ], "water_g": [ 1.0, 11.6 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Breakfast cereal 7 cereals breakfast", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 1.0, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 13, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.772, "embedding_distance": 0.228, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'breakfast cereals' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Process-based cereal-and-cheese, no-soy patty stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The inventory is built from a public French Cereal Bio Sarrasin-Comte label, USDA-derived hydrated-grain moisture, Saerens et al. patty-forming electricity, dairy_lci hard cheese, lci-food-processing cereal/oil support activities, lci-fruit onion, and BAFU technosphere inputs. Downstream cardboard/film packaging, ambient distribution, ambient retail, and consumer pan-frying stages are separate. The entry rejects the prior soybean/tofu-and-cheese substitution and emits no direct fossil CO2 biosphere residual." }, "repl_5258ebc2ab57c087": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003111477", "name": "lactofermented soybean spread-cheese production at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_soybean_spread_cheese_FR_at_plant" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Lactofermented soybean spread-cheese, chilled, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1648", "name": "cheese" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2026", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_soybean_spread_cheese_FR_at_plant" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "public_label_recipe_basis", "p23_sojami_label_8_rows_mapped", "lactofermented_soy_base_proxied_by_tofu_support", "olive_oil_crop_and_extraction_decomposed", "oil_and_parsley_split_estimated_from_label_order", "rapeseed_oil_proxied_by_bafu_rape_oil_at_oil_mill", "fresh_herbs_garlic_proxied_by_generic_spices", "pp_tub_mass_default", "chilled_distribution_distance_default", "retail_chilled_electricity_default", "product_line_cip_wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "refrigerated_transport_lci_composite_used", "no_gwp_calibration" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open product labels, patents, open/cross-tributary models, and BAFU OGD anchors. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram lactofermented soybean spread-cheese production at plant built from 2 energy / processing, 7 other input, 1 processing input, 1 seed.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram lactofermented soybean spread-cheese production at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based lactofermented soybean spread-cheese stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The foreground is built from public label rows, open soy-cheese process descriptions, and BAFU/cross-tributary technosphere inputs, not from ecoinvent/Agribalyse flow rows and not by calibrating to the reference GWP. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; the mapping has no direct biosphere exchanges.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.023185, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.317694, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.020898, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 1.4e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "lactofermented soy base proxied by allocated tofu support activity", "amount": 0.91, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.91 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.91 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "olives for extra-virgin olive oil, Italian process-based proxy", "amount": 0.036345, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.036345 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.036345 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "lubricating oil for olive-oil extraction", "amount": 1.4e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "industrial machinery amortisation for olive-oil extraction", "amount": 9.9e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rape oil, at oil mill, proxy for virgin rapeseed oil infusion", "amount": 0.015, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sodium chloride powder, unrefined salt proxy", "amount": 0.012, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "generic dried herbs/spices proxy for parsley, garlic, and fine herbs", "amount": 0.028, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "spices_additives_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 7, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based lactofermented soybean spread-cheese stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The foreground is built from public label rows, open soy-cheese process descriptions, and BAFU/cross-tributary technosphere inputs, not from ecoinvent/Agribalyse flow rows and not by calibrating to the reference GWP. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; the mapping has no direct biosphere exchanges." }, "repl_3691a3358e8caf0a": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003111479", "name": "lactofermented soybean spread-cheese PP tub packaging", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_soybean_spread_cheese_FR_at_packaging" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Lactofermented soybean spread-cheese, chilled, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1648", "name": "cheese" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2026", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_soybean_spread_cheese_FR_at_packaging" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "public_label_recipe_basis", "p23_sojami_label_8_rows_mapped", "lactofermented_soy_base_proxied_by_tofu_support", "olive_oil_crop_and_extraction_decomposed", "oil_and_parsley_split_estimated_from_label_order", "rapeseed_oil_proxied_by_bafu_rape_oil_at_oil_mill", "fresh_herbs_garlic_proxied_by_generic_spices", "pp_tub_mass_default", "chilled_distribution_distance_default", "retail_chilled_electricity_default", "product_line_cip_wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "refrigerated_transport_lci_composite_used", "no_gwp_calibration" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open product labels, patents, open/cross-tributary models, and BAFU OGD anchors. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.69, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram lactofermented soybean spread-cheese PP tub packaging built from 1 processing input, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram lactofermented soybean spread-cheese PP tub packaging", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based lactofermented soybean spread-cheese stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The foreground is built from public label rows, open soy-cheese process descriptions, and BAFU/cross-tributary technosphere inputs, not from ecoinvent/Agribalyse flow rows and not by calibrating to the reference GWP. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; the mapping has no direct biosphere exchanges.", "line_items": [ { "name": "plant-based spread-cheese type, with soybean, at plant", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polypropylene granulate proxy for 125 g chilled tub and lid", "amount": 0.02, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "disposal, polypropylene tub and lid, municipal incineration", "amount": 0.02, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based lactofermented soybean spread-cheese stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The foreground is built from public label rows, open soy-cheese process descriptions, and BAFU/cross-tributary technosphere inputs, not from ecoinvent/Agribalyse flow rows and not by calibrating to the reference GWP. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; the mapping has no direct biosphere exchanges." }, "repl_ef4d37a12edde679": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003111478", "name": "lactofermented soybean spread-cheese chilled distribution", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_soybean_spread_cheese_FR_at_distribution" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Lactofermented soybean spread-cheese, chilled, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1648", "name": "cheese" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2026", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_soybean_spread_cheese_FR_at_distribution" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "public_label_recipe_basis", "p23_sojami_label_8_rows_mapped", "lactofermented_soy_base_proxied_by_tofu_support", "olive_oil_crop_and_extraction_decomposed", "oil_and_parsley_split_estimated_from_label_order", "rapeseed_oil_proxied_by_bafu_rape_oil_at_oil_mill", "fresh_herbs_garlic_proxied_by_generic_spices", "pp_tub_mass_default", "chilled_distribution_distance_default", "retail_chilled_electricity_default", "product_line_cip_wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "refrigerated_transport_lci_composite_used", "no_gwp_calibration" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open product labels, patents, open/cross-tributary models, and BAFU OGD anchors. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci", "spices_additives_lci", "transport_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.69, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram lactofermented soybean spread-cheese chilled distribution built from 1 processing input, 1 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram lactofermented soybean spread-cheese chilled distribution", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based lactofermented soybean spread-cheese stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The foreground is built from public label rows, open soy-cheese process descriptions, and BAFU/cross-tributary technosphere inputs, not from ecoinvent/Agribalyse flow rows and not by calibrating to the reference GWP. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; the mapping has no direct biosphere exchanges.", "line_items": [ { "name": "plant-based spread-cheese type, with soybean, prepacked", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "refrigerated lorry transport, 7.5-16t, EURO5, cooling, R134a", "amount": 0.5, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": "Transport of the product/inputs (0.5 ton kilometer); BAFU/tributary transport closure.", "source_layer": "transport_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Transport of the product/inputs (0.5 ton kilometer); BAFU/tributary transport closure.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based lactofermented soybean spread-cheese stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The foreground is built from public label rows, open soy-cheese process descriptions, and BAFU/cross-tributary technosphere inputs, not from ecoinvent/Agribalyse flow rows and not by calibrating to the reference GWP. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; the mapping has no direct biosphere exchanges." }, "repl_0010514309dd1700": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003111480", "name": "lactofermented soybean spread-cheese chilled supermarket", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_soybean_spread_cheese_FR_at_supermarket" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Lactofermented soybean spread-cheese, chilled, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1648", "name": "cheese" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2026", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_soybean_spread_cheese_FR_at_supermarket" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "public_label_recipe_basis", "p23_sojami_label_8_rows_mapped", "lactofermented_soy_base_proxied_by_tofu_support", "olive_oil_crop_and_extraction_decomposed", "oil_and_parsley_split_estimated_from_label_order", "rapeseed_oil_proxied_by_bafu_rape_oil_at_oil_mill", "fresh_herbs_garlic_proxied_by_generic_spices", "pp_tub_mass_default", "chilled_distribution_distance_default", "retail_chilled_electricity_default", "product_line_cip_wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "refrigerated_transport_lci_composite_used", "no_gwp_calibration" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open product labels, patents, open/cross-tributary models, and BAFU OGD anchors. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci", "spices_additives_lci", "transport_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.69, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram lactofermented soybean spread-cheese chilled supermarket built from 1 energy / processing, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram lactofermented soybean spread-cheese chilled supermarket", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based lactofermented soybean spread-cheese stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The foreground is built from public label rows, open soy-cheese process descriptions, and BAFU/cross-tributary technosphere inputs, not from ecoinvent/Agribalyse flow rows and not by calibrating to the reference GWP. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; the mapping has no direct biosphere exchanges.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.08, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "plant-based spread-cheese type, with soybean, prepacked, at distribution", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based lactofermented soybean spread-cheese stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The foreground is built from public label rows, open soy-cheese process descriptions, and BAFU/cross-tributary technosphere inputs, not from ecoinvent/Agribalyse flow rows and not by calibrating to the reference GWP. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; the mapping has no direct biosphere exchanges." }, "repl_bf99ff421f251259": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003111481", "name": "lactofermented soybean spread-cheese consumer no preparation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_soybean_spread_cheese_FR_at_consumer" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Lactofermented soybean spread-cheese, chilled, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1648", "name": "cheese" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2026", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_plant_based_soybean_spread_cheese_FR_at_consumer" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "public_label_recipe_basis", "p23_sojami_label_8_rows_mapped", "lactofermented_soy_base_proxied_by_tofu_support", "olive_oil_crop_and_extraction_decomposed", "oil_and_parsley_split_estimated_from_label_order", "rapeseed_oil_proxied_by_bafu_rape_oil_at_oil_mill", "fresh_herbs_garlic_proxied_by_generic_spices", "pp_tub_mass_default", "chilled_distribution_distance_default", "retail_chilled_electricity_default", "product_line_cip_wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "refrigerated_transport_lci_composite_used", "no_gwp_calibration" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open product labels, patents, open/cross-tributary models, and BAFU OGD anchors. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci", "spices_additives_lci", "transport_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.69, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram lactofermented soybean spread-cheese consumer no preparation built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram lactofermented soybean spread-cheese consumer no preparation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based lactofermented soybean spread-cheese stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The foreground is built from public label rows, open soy-cheese process descriptions, and BAFU/cross-tributary technosphere inputs, not from ecoinvent/Agribalyse flow rows and not by calibrating to the reference GWP. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; the mapping has no direct biosphere exchanges.", "line_items": [ { "name": "plant-based spread-cheese type, with soybean, prepacked, at supermarket", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based lactofermented soybean spread-cheese stage composite for Agribalyse v4. The foreground is built from public label rows, open soy-cheese process descriptions, and BAFU/cross-tributary technosphere inputs, not from ecoinvent/Agribalyse flow rows and not by calibrating to the reference GWP. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; the mapping has no direct biosphere exchanges." }, "repl_b164a564568a4740": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003106169", "name": "frozen French-fries base preparation, washing/cutting (FR)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_frozen_french_fries_base_FR_at_processing" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Frozen French-fries base preparation, processing only, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0BYV", "name": "French fries from cut potato" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_98bb8949", "name": "French fries" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003106169", "name": "Frozen French-fries base preparation, processing only, France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543891", "name": "38910 - french fries from cut potato (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_frozen_french_fries_base_FR_at_processing" }, "note": "Process-based frozen French-fries composite from Mouron et al. 2016 Appendix Table A3 physical processing rows and BAFU/OGD technosphere inputs. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU electricity and heat exchanges. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level data, calibrated residual, or back-solved exchange amount is used." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram frozen French-fries base preparation, washing/cutting (FR) built from 2 energy / processing, 3 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram frozen French-fries base preparation, washing/cutting (FR)", "derivation": "1 kg unpackaged frozen French-fries base at processing gate, France Agribalyse v4 frozen French-fries processing root. Pattern A composite LCI via food_processing_frozen_french_fries_base_FR_at_processing; biosphere_exchanges is empty and energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. Built from Mouron et al. 2016 Table A3 Phase (1) rows: 1 kg potato strips, 0.002 kWh electricity, 0.25 MJ heat, 18 kg process water and 0.018 m3 wastewater. Deep-frying oil, phase (2) frying/freezing utilities, packaging, transport, retail cold chain and consumer cooking are excluded from this base-processing root.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.002, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.002 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.002 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.002 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.002 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.25, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 18.0, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.018, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Potatoes IP, at farm", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg unpackaged frozen French-fries base at processing gate, France", "boundary": "Processor-gate preparation root: potato input, washing, peeling/cutting/sorting electricity and heat, process water, and wastewater treatment. Excludes phase (2) deep-frying, frying oil, packaging, transport, retail cold chain, and consumer cooking.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Authored physical amounts come from open peer-reviewed literature and BAFU/UVEK OGD-compatible technosphere anchors. Restricted Agribalyse/ecoinvent inventories are used only as comparison references, not as inventory sources.", "citations": [ { "handle": "mouron-2016-french-fries", "text": "Mouron P., Willersinn C., Möbius S. and Lansche J. (2016), Environmental Profile of the Swiss Supply Chain for French Fries, Sustainability 8(12):1214." }, { "handle": "ponsioen-blonk-2011-potatoes-chips", "text": "Ponsioen T. and Blonk H. (2011), Case studies for more insight into the methodology and composition of carbon footprints of table potatoes and chips." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2025", "text": "Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 278.0, "protein_g": 7.52, "fat_g": 9.18, "saturated_fat_g": 1.68, "carbohydrates_g": 40.6, "sugars_g": 12.9, "fiber_g": 1.3, "sodium_chloride_g": 1.3589, "water_g": 40.8 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 278.0, 278.0 ], "protein_g": [ 7.52, 7.52 ], "fat_g": [ 9.18, 9.18 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 1.68, 1.68 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 40.6, 40.6 ], "sugars_g": [ 12.9, 12.9 ], "fiber_g": [ 1.3, 1.3 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 1.3589, 1.3589 ], "water_g": [ 40.8, 40.8 ] }, "match_tier": "glossary_name", "matched_term": "foodex2:A0BYX", "matched_term_name": "French fries", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "bridged via esfc-glossary: agrovoc:c_98bb8949 -> 'French fries' -> foodex2:A0BYX" ] }, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 frozen French-fries processing root. Pattern A composite LCI via food_processing_frozen_french_fries_base_FR_at_processing; biosphere_exchanges is empty and energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. Built from Mouron et al. 2016 Table A3 Phase (1) rows: 1 kg potato strips, 0.002 kWh electricity, 0.25 MJ heat, 18 kg process water and 0.018 m3 wastewater. Deep-frying oil, phase (2) frying/freezing utilities, packaging, transport, retail cold chain and consumer cooking are excluded from this base-processing root." }, "repl_289477662b420741": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003106170", "name": "frozen French-fries pre-frying and freezing, at plant (FR)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_frozen_french_fries_prefried_FR_at_plant" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Frozen deep-fried French fries, processing only, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A168X", "name": "AC-3.2 Deep fried fries" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0BYV", "name": "French fries from cut potato" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_98bb8949", "name": "French fries" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003106170", "name": "Frozen deep-fried French fries, processing only, France" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_frozen_french_fries_prefried_FR_at_plant" }, "note": "Process-based frozen French-fries composite from Mouron et al. 2016 Appendix Table A3 physical processing rows and BAFU/OGD technosphere inputs. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU electricity and heat exchanges. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level data, calibrated residual, or back-solved exchange amount is used." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram frozen French-fries pre-frying and freezing, at plant (FR) built from 2 energy / processing, 3 other input, 1 seed.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram frozen French-fries pre-frying and freezing, at plant (FR)", "derivation": "1 kg unpackaged frozen deep-fried French fries at plant, France Agribalyse v4 frozen deep-fried French-fries at-plant root. Pattern A composite LCI via food_processing_frozen_french_fries_prefried_FR_at_plant; biosphere_exchanges is empty and energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. Built from Mouron et al. 2016 Table A3 processing rows: 1 kg potato strips, 0.322 kWh electricity, 5.0 MJ heat, 18 kg process water, 0.018 m3 wastewater and 0.05 kg rapeseed frying oil. Packaging, transport, retail cold chain and consumer cooking remain outside this unpackaged at-plant root. The sediment intentionally uses French-fries terms and no French-bean terms.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.322, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.322 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.322 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.322 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.322 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 5.0, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 18.0, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.018, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Potatoes IP, at farm", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "refined rapeseed oil production, extraction + chemical refining", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.05 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.05 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg unpackaged frozen deep-fried French fries at plant, France", "boundary": "Processor-gate frozen deep-fried fries root: potato input, washing/peeling/cutting/sorting, blanching, pre-frying in rapeseed oil, cooling/freezing utilities, process water and wastewater treatment. Excludes packaging, transport, retail cold chain, supermarket and consumer cooking.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Authored physical amounts come from open peer-reviewed literature and BAFU/UVEK OGD-compatible technosphere anchors. Restricted Agribalyse/ecoinvent inventories are used only as comparison references, not as inventory sources.", "citations": [ { "handle": "mouron-2016-french-fries", "text": "Mouron P., Willersinn C., Möbius S. and Lansche J. (2016), Environmental Profile of the Swiss Supply Chain for French Fries, Sustainability 8(12):1214." }, { "handle": "ponsioen-blonk-2011-potatoes-chips", "text": "Ponsioen T. and Blonk H. (2011), Case studies for more insight into the methodology and composition of carbon footprints of table potatoes and chips." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2025", "text": "Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 278.0, "protein_g": 7.52, "fat_g": 9.18, "saturated_fat_g": 1.68, "carbohydrates_g": 40.6, "sugars_g": 12.9, "fiber_g": 1.3, "sodium_chloride_g": 1.3589, "water_g": 40.8 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 278.0, 278.0 ], "protein_g": [ 7.52, 7.52 ], "fat_g": [ 9.18, 9.18 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 1.68, 1.68 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 40.6, 40.6 ], "sugars_g": [ 12.9, 12.9 ], "fiber_g": [ 1.3, 1.3 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 1.3589, 1.3589 ], "water_g": [ 40.8, 40.8 ] }, "match_tier": "glossary_name", "matched_term": "foodex2:A0BYX", "matched_term_name": "French fries", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "bridged via esfc-glossary: agrovoc:c_98bb8949 -> 'French fries' -> foodex2:A0BYX" ] }, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 frozen deep-fried French-fries at-plant root. Pattern A composite LCI via food_processing_frozen_french_fries_prefried_FR_at_plant; biosphere_exchanges is empty and energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. Built from Mouron et al. 2016 Table A3 processing rows: 1 kg potato strips, 0.322 kWh electricity, 5.0 MJ heat, 18 kg process water, 0.018 m3 wastewater and 0.05 kg rapeseed frying oil. Packaging, transport, retail cold chain and consumer cooking remain outside this unpackaged at-plant root. The sediment intentionally uses French-fries terms and no French-bean terms." }, "repl_630f7c5535b85300": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003111876", "name": "potato flakes with skim milk powder, dry mix, packed (FR)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_potato_flakes_milk_cream_FR_at_packaging" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Potato flakes with skim milk powder, dry ambient mix, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A011D", "name": "Potatoes" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003111876", "name": "Potato flakes, dehydrated, with milk or cream" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541018", "name": "10180 - potato flakes (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_potato_flakes_milk_cream_FR_at_packaging" }, "note": "Process-based dry-mix composite from open product-sheet ingredient percentages, open potato-processing/packing utility literature, existing lci-dairy skim milk powder, and BAFU/OGD technosphere inputs. No reference-GWP calibration or restricted flow-level source data is used." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram potato flakes with skim milk powder, dry mix, packed (FR) built from 3 energy / processing, 7 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram potato flakes with skim milk powder, dry mix, packed (FR)", "derivation": "1 kg dry ambient potato flakes with milk/cream at packaging gate, France Agribalyse v4 potato-flakes-with-milk/cream dry-mix root. Pattern A composite LCI via food_processing_potato_flakes_milk_cream_FR_at_packaging; biosphere_exchanges is empty and energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU/dairy_lci/food_processing_lci technosphere exchanges. Built from open product-sheet and literature data: Mousline Professional dry mix has potatoes 92% and skim milk powder 3.9%; the 4.1% unquantified starch/additive/butter remainder is flagged not_available rather than assigned to a generic proxy. The potato flakes share uses the existing potato-flakes drum-drying activity plus 1.8 kg BAFU farm potatoes per kg flakes. Packaging masses come from the product-sheet net/gross rows: 0.010 kg primary bag and 0.080 kg distribution carton per kg dry mix. Packing utilities use Ponsioen and Blonk 2011 table-potato packing rows (0.006 kWh electricity and 0.0216 MJ natural-gas heat per kg). No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data and no back-solved amount were used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0216, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.006, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "potato flakes production, drum drying", "amount": 0.92, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.92 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.92 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Potatoes IP, at farm", "amount": 1.656, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "skim milk powder, spray-dried, RER, at dairy", "amount": 0.039, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.039 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "dairy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.039 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Polypropylene, granulate, at plant", "amount": 0.01, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Extrusion, plastic film", "amount": 0.01, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, polypropylene, 15.9% water, to municipal incineration", "amount": 0.01, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Packaging, corrugated board, mixed fibre, single wall, at plant", "amount": 0.08, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, packaging cardboard, 19.6% water, to municipal incineration", "amount": 0.08, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 7, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg dry ambient potato flakes with milk/cream at packaging gate, France", "boundary": "Cradle-to-packaging-gate dry-mix root: potato flakes production share, skim milk powder ingredient, dry filling/bagging utilities, primary bag and distribution carton. Downstream distribution, retail, and consumer preparation remain outside this root.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Authored physical amounts come from open product/literature sources, existing open tributary activities, and BAFU/UVEK OGD anchors. Restricted Agribalyse/ecoinvent inventories are used only as comparison references.", "citations": [ { "text": "Mousline Professional (2024), product sheet for Mousline en flocons - Recette complete gout beurre." }, { "text": "Ponsioen T. and Blonk H. (2011), Carbon footprints of table potatoes and chips." }, { "text": "PBL/TNO (2021), Decarbonisation options for the Dutch potato products industry." }, { "text": "Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only", "dqr_class": null } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 354.0, "protein_g": 8.34, "fat_g": 0.505, "saturated_fat_g": 0.1700000008940697, "carbohydrates_g": 73.95999908447266, "sugars_g": 2.8299999475479125, "fiber_g": 6.5, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.26416, "water_g": 7.1 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 315.0, 365.0 ], "protein_g": [ 6.4, 11.3 ], "fat_g": [ 0.4, 0.81 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.15, 0.48 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 65.5, 81.17 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 10.3 ], "fiber_g": [ 2.3, 6.6 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.07389, 0.84328 ], "water_g": [ 6.42, 13.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A011D", "matched_term_name": "Potato flakes", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 8, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "FoodEx2 facet walk: the product is processed, so the fresh term was followed via its F27 source commodity to the sibling carrying the matching F28 process (foodex2:A011D 'Potato flakes')" ] }, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 potato-flakes-with-milk/cream dry-mix root. Pattern A composite LCI via food_processing_potato_flakes_milk_cream_FR_at_packaging; biosphere_exchanges is empty and energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU/dairy_lci/food_processing_lci technosphere exchanges. Built from open product-sheet and literature data: Mousline Professional dry mix has potatoes 92% and skim milk powder 3.9%; the 4.1% unquantified starch/additive/butter remainder is flagged not_available rather than assigned to a generic proxy. The potato flakes share uses the existing potato-flakes drum-drying activity plus 1.8 kg BAFU farm potatoes per kg flakes. Packaging masses come from the product-sheet net/gross rows: 0.010 kg primary bag and 0.080 kg distribution carton per kg dry mix. Packing utilities use Ponsioen and Blonk 2011 table-potato packing rows (0.006 kWh electricity and 0.0216 MJ natural-gas heat per kg). No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data and no back-solved amount were used." }, "repl_7b39bd023509a221": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/2343c8c9e56d4799b22a04f32720d26c", "name": "potato pulp/fiber, potato starch wet-milling co-product", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_potato_pulp_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Potato pulp/fibre (cell wall fibres/pomace), co-product of starch wet-milling, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A001E", "name": "Potato" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_31798", "name": "potato pulp" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540039", "name": "00390 - rice grain, brown (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2012", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_potato_pulp_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: the Blonk Consultants FAO/LEAP feed-chain LCI report, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.8, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram potato pulp/fiber, potato starch wet-milling co-product built from 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram potato pulp/fiber, potato starch wet-milling co-product", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy potato pulp/fiber, co-product of potato starch wet-milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.02991 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned EXACTLY ZERO under every non-climate impact method, so an acidification query returned a confident 0.0 that reads as 'no impact' rather than 'no data'. The retired entry's allocation reasoning was CORRECT and is preserved unchanged; only the form changes. substitute_edb_self=true makes the remapper replace the legacy EDB foreground as a whole, so its retired direct CO2 and N2O flows cannot survive alongside the new composite and be counted twice. Instead of collapsing the allocated burden into one CO2 number, the same economic allocation is applied to a technosphere edge, which inherits the whole speciated inventory. Derivation: BAFU 453974 consumes 3.92 kg potato/kg starch, so a 1000 kg potato system corresponds to 255.102 kg of that activity; the 2.51% economic allocation (Zeist et al. 2012) spread over the 140 kg pulp yield gives 0.045736 kg of BAFU 453974 per kg product. Modelled GWP 0.03098 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.02991); modelled acidification 0.000411 kg SO2eq/kg, which was structurally unreachable before. FIELD N2O IS COUNTED EXACTLY ONCE -- verified, do not 'fix'. The single path runs through the technosphere edge to BAFU 453974 -> 194846 'Potatoes IP, at farm', which a breadth-first walk of the 4,225-node closure finds present exactly once. lci-agri-integration also publishes a field_n2o overlay for this key, but edb_bafu.merger.layer_manager._should_skip_overlay blocks any agri_model_integrated overlay onto a food_processing_reconstruction entry; running the real apply_layer() on the live layer files returns skipped=1, merged_bio=0 and zero surviving N2O flows. Layer priorities (food_processing 55 < agri_model_integrated 63) make food_processing always the protected side, and the guard fires identically with bafu_key set. Regression-tested in edb-to-bafu tests/test_layer_manager.py. Before this rebuild the lumped form had NO supply chain, so field N2O was counted ZERO times; this moves it from zero to one. SCOPE: this entry covers the co-product's allocated share of the potato wet-milling system only. Co-product-specific FINISHING -- pressing and drying of pulp, evaporation/concentration of juice into protamylasse -- is NOT included, because neither Zeist 2012 nor the BAFU inventory separates it and inventing a number would be worse than declaring the gap. Both retired lumped values had exactly the same gap; it is stated here rather than left implicit. A user needing dried pulp or concentrated protamylasse should add a drying step on top of this entry. No quantity in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat values (0.02991 pulp, 0.02997 juice). The allocated edge is built from published inputs only: Zeist et al. 2012's co-product yields and economic allocation fractions, and BAFU 453974's OWN potato-per-starch ratio of 3.92 read off the activity. The rebuilt values land within 3.6% of the retired ones, and that agreement is EXPLAINED rather than engineered: the retired entries applied the identical allocation arithmetic to BAFU 453974's BAFU:2025 GWP scalar of 0.671, and the live BAFU:2026 value is 0.67735 (0.02991 x 0.67735/0.671 = 0.03019). The residual difference is the vintage of one background number, not a tuning step. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Potato starch, at plant, 2.51% economically allocated share of the wet-milling system", "amount": 0.045736, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "potato pulp/fiber, co-product of potato starch wet-milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.02991 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned EXACTLY ZERO under every non-climate impact method, so an acidification query returned a confident 0.0 that reads as 'no impact' rather than 'no data'. The retired entry's allocation reasoning was CORRECT and is preserved unchanged; only the form changes. substitute_edb_self=true makes the remapper replace the legacy EDB foreground as a whole, so its retired direct CO2 and N2O flows cannot survive alongside the new composite and be counted twice. Instead of collapsing the allocated burden into one CO2 number, the same economic allocation is applied to a technosphere edge, which inherits the whole speciated inventory. Derivation: BAFU 453974 consumes 3.92 kg potato/kg starch, so a 1000 kg potato system corresponds to 255.102 kg of that activity; the 2.51% economic allocation (Zeist et al. 2012) spread over the 140 kg pulp yield gives 0.045736 kg of BAFU 453974 per kg product. Modelled GWP 0.03098 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.02991); modelled acidification 0.000411 kg SO2eq/kg, which was structurally unreachable before. FIELD N2O IS COUNTED EXACTLY ONCE -- verified, do not 'fix'. The single path runs through the technosphere edge to BAFU 453974 -> 194846 'Potatoes IP, at farm', which a breadth-first walk of the 4,225-node closure finds present exactly once. lci-agri-integration also publishes a field_n2o overlay for this key, but edb_bafu.merger.layer_manager._should_skip_overlay blocks any agri_model_integrated overlay onto a food_processing_reconstruction entry; running the real apply_layer() on the live layer files returns skipped=1, merged_bio=0 and zero surviving N2O flows. Layer priorities (food_processing 55 < agri_model_integrated 63) make food_processing always the protected side, and the guard fires identically with bafu_key set. Regression-tested in edb-to-bafu tests/test_layer_manager.py. Before this rebuild the lumped form had NO supply chain, so field N2O was counted ZERO times; this moves it from zero to one. SCOPE: this entry covers the co-product's allocated share of the potato wet-milling system only. Co-product-specific FINISHING -- pressing and drying of pulp, evaporation/concentration of juice into protamylasse -- is NOT included, because neither Zeist 2012 nor the BAFU inventory separates it and inventing a number would be worse than declaring the gap. Both retired lumped values had exactly the same gap; it is stated here rather than left implicit. A user needing dried pulp or concentrated protamylasse should add a drying step on top of this entry. No quantity in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat values (0.02991 pulp, 0.02997 juice). The allocated edge is built from published inputs only: Zeist et al. 2012's co-product yields and economic allocation fractions, and BAFU 453974's OWN potato-per-starch ratio of 3.92 read off the activity. The rebuilt values land within 3.6% of the retired ones, and that agreement is EXPLAINED rather than engineered: the retired entries applied the identical allocation arithmetic to BAFU 453974's BAFU:2025 GWP scalar of 0.671, and the live BAFU:2026 value is 0.67735 (0.02991 x 0.67735/0.671 = 0.03019). The residual difference is the vintage of one background number, not a tuning step. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_cd3571e87246e9ed": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/4951eccbe6c64ba6928c6a76aab43427", "name": "potato juice, potato starch wet-milling co-product", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_potato_juice_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Potato juice (protamylasse / potato fruit water), co-product of starch wet-milling, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A001E", "name": "Potato" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_5989", "name": "potato juice" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540039", "name": "00390 - rice grain, brown (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2012", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_potato_juice_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: the Blonk Consultants FAO/LEAP feed-chain LCI report, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.8, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram potato juice, potato starch wet-milling co-product built from 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram potato juice, potato starch wet-milling co-product", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy potato juice, co-product of potato starch wet-milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.02997 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned EXACTLY ZERO under every non-climate impact method, so an acidification query returned a confident 0.0 that reads as 'no impact' rather than 'no data'. The retired entry's allocation reasoning was CORRECT and is preserved unchanged; only the form changes. substitute_edb_self=true makes the remapper replace the legacy EDB foreground as a whole, so its retired direct CO2 and N2O flows cannot survive alongside the new composite and be counted twice. Instead of collapsing the allocated burden into one CO2 number, the same economic allocation is applied to a technosphere edge, which inherits the whole speciated inventory. Derivation: BAFU 453974 consumes 3.92 kg potato/kg starch, so a 1000 kg potato system corresponds to 255.102 kg of that activity; the 0.97% economic allocation (Zeist et al. 2012) spread over the 54 kg juice yield gives 0.045824 kg of BAFU 453974 per kg product. Modelled GWP 0.03104 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.02997); modelled acidification 0.000411 kg SO2eq/kg, which was structurally unreachable before. FIELD N2O IS COUNTED EXACTLY ONCE -- verified, do not 'fix'. The single path runs through the technosphere edge to BAFU 453974 -> 194846 'Potatoes IP, at farm', which a breadth-first walk of the 4,225-node closure finds present exactly once. lci-agri-integration also publishes a field_n2o overlay for this key, but edb_bafu.merger.layer_manager._should_skip_overlay blocks any agri_model_integrated overlay onto a food_processing_reconstruction entry; running the real apply_layer() on the live layer files returns skipped=1, merged_bio=0 and zero surviving N2O flows. Layer priorities (food_processing 55 < agri_model_integrated 63) make food_processing always the protected side, and the guard fires identically with bafu_key set. Regression-tested in edb-to-bafu tests/test_layer_manager.py. Before this rebuild the lumped form had NO supply chain, so field N2O was counted ZERO times; this moves it from zero to one. SCOPE: this entry covers the co-product's allocated share of the potato wet-milling system only. Co-product-specific FINISHING -- pressing and drying of pulp, evaporation/concentration of juice into protamylasse -- is NOT included, because neither Zeist 2012 nor the BAFU inventory separates it and inventing a number would be worse than declaring the gap. Both retired lumped values had exactly the same gap; it is stated here rather than left implicit. A user needing dried pulp or concentrated protamylasse should add a drying step on top of this entry. No quantity in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat values (0.02991 pulp, 0.02997 juice). The allocated edge is built from published inputs only: Zeist et al. 2012's co-product yields and economic allocation fractions, and BAFU 453974's OWN potato-per-starch ratio of 3.92 read off the activity. The rebuilt values land within 3.6% of the retired ones, and that agreement is EXPLAINED rather than engineered: the retired entries applied the identical allocation arithmetic to BAFU 453974's BAFU:2025 GWP scalar of 0.671, and the live BAFU:2026 value is 0.67735 (0.02991 x 0.67735/0.671 = 0.03019). The residual difference is the vintage of one background number, not a tuning step. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Potato starch, at plant, 0.97% economically allocated share of the wet-milling system", "amount": 0.045824, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "potato juice, co-product of potato starch wet-milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.02997 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned EXACTLY ZERO under every non-climate impact method, so an acidification query returned a confident 0.0 that reads as 'no impact' rather than 'no data'. The retired entry's allocation reasoning was CORRECT and is preserved unchanged; only the form changes. substitute_edb_self=true makes the remapper replace the legacy EDB foreground as a whole, so its retired direct CO2 and N2O flows cannot survive alongside the new composite and be counted twice. Instead of collapsing the allocated burden into one CO2 number, the same economic allocation is applied to a technosphere edge, which inherits the whole speciated inventory. Derivation: BAFU 453974 consumes 3.92 kg potato/kg starch, so a 1000 kg potato system corresponds to 255.102 kg of that activity; the 0.97% economic allocation (Zeist et al. 2012) spread over the 54 kg juice yield gives 0.045824 kg of BAFU 453974 per kg product. Modelled GWP 0.03104 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.02997); modelled acidification 0.000411 kg SO2eq/kg, which was structurally unreachable before. FIELD N2O IS COUNTED EXACTLY ONCE -- verified, do not 'fix'. The single path runs through the technosphere edge to BAFU 453974 -> 194846 'Potatoes IP, at farm', which a breadth-first walk of the 4,225-node closure finds present exactly once. lci-agri-integration also publishes a field_n2o overlay for this key, but edb_bafu.merger.layer_manager._should_skip_overlay blocks any agri_model_integrated overlay onto a food_processing_reconstruction entry; running the real apply_layer() on the live layer files returns skipped=1, merged_bio=0 and zero surviving N2O flows. Layer priorities (food_processing 55 < agri_model_integrated 63) make food_processing always the protected side, and the guard fires identically with bafu_key set. Regression-tested in edb-to-bafu tests/test_layer_manager.py. Before this rebuild the lumped form had NO supply chain, so field N2O was counted ZERO times; this moves it from zero to one. SCOPE: this entry covers the co-product's allocated share of the potato wet-milling system only. Co-product-specific FINISHING -- pressing and drying of pulp, evaporation/concentration of juice into protamylasse -- is NOT included, because neither Zeist 2012 nor the BAFU inventory separates it and inventing a number would be worse than declaring the gap. Both retired lumped values had exactly the same gap; it is stated here rather than left implicit. A user needing dried pulp or concentrated protamylasse should add a drying step on top of this entry. No quantity in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat values (0.02991 pulp, 0.02997 juice). The allocated edge is built from published inputs only: Zeist et al. 2012's co-product yields and economic allocation fractions, and BAFU 453974's OWN potato-per-starch ratio of 3.92 read off the activity. The rebuilt values land within 3.6% of the retired ones, and that agreement is EXPLAINED rather than engineered: the retired entries applied the identical allocation arithmetic to BAFU 453974's BAFU:2025 GWP scalar of 0.671, and the live BAFU:2026 value is 0.67735 (0.02991 x 0.67735/0.671 = 0.03019). The residual difference is the vintage of one background number, not a tuning step. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_925755d217b10265": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/679d8ce23d954f5bb0547e4c8b33898e", "name": "meat and bone meal, wet rendering of category 1 ABP", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_mbm_rendering_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Meat and bone meal from wet rendering of condemned category 1 mammalian slaughterhouse by-product, zero upstream burden, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A044T", "name": "Meat and bone meal" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_37034", "name": "meat and bone meal" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_4830", "name": "rendering" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03544113", "name": "41130 - teriyaki sauce (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2012", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_mbm_rendering_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed and openly published LCA literature (Ramirez 2012, Gooding 2013, Lopez et al. 2010 as reported therein) and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied; the single ecoinvent-derived figure used is a per-kg energy intensity that Ramirez himself published as a back-calculation in his Appendix C, used only as one of five corroborating estimates and never as an exchange amount.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.75, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram meat and bone meal, wet rendering of category 1 ABP built from 2 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram meat and bone meal, wet rendering of category 1 ABP", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Meat and bone meal (MBM), wet rendering of condemned category 1 mammalian slaughterhouse by-product (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.02 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method, so an acidification query returned a confident 0.0 that reads as 'no impact' rather than 'no data'. SYSTEM EXPANSION / MAIN-PRODUCT APPROACH -- LOAD-BEARING, DO NOT 'FIX'. The ABP feedstock enters this process with ZERO upstream burden and there is deliberately NO animal, feed, farm or slaughter technosphere input in this inventory. Condemned slaughterhouse material has zero or negative economic value at the slaughterhouse gate -- the producer pays for its removal -- which under ISO 14044 is the condition for the main-product (no-allocation) approach, leaving all farm and slaughter burden with the edible meat. Ramirez (2012) section 4.4 states this explicitly for mammalian ABP. This is the correction that the retired force override existed to make: it replaced a soybean-meal proxy (BAFU 232293, ~1.31 kg CO2eq/kg) whose crop-cultivation burden inflated gelatine GWP by +226% (gelatine draws 5.0 kg MBM per kg product). Adding ANY upstream animal or feed input here reintroduces that regression. The retired entry's rendering ENERGY was separately wrong by ~20x: its stated 0.30 MJ natural gas/kg MBM is below the latent heat needed to evaporate the water that demonstrably leaves the process (raw ABP is ~57% water; ~2.1 kg of it per kg MBM, >=4.8 MJ unallocated). The likely origin is Lopez et al. 2010's '0.3 MJ/kg ABP of ELECTRICITY' read as thermal energy per kg of product. This rebuild uses the median of five independent published estimates (4.90 MJ/kg, range 4.19-6.62). Inventory per kg MBM: natural gas heat 4.9000 MJ, electricity 0.17066 kWh, process water 4.475 kg, effluent treatment 0.00435 m3; NO feedstock input by design. Modelled GWP 0.4240 kg CO2eq/kg (range 0.3490-0.5738); retired flat value 0.02. The full thermal duty is charged to purchased natural gas even though rendering plants commonly burn part of their own recovered fat (Ramirez base case 25% gas / 75% own fat); that is a stated conservative boundary choice, not an oversight. No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value of 0.020 kg CO2eq/kg, from the gelatine GWP that consumes it, or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is the median of five independently published rendering energy datasets (UK survey, two US datasets, a US industry survey and the ecoinvent Swiss tallow inventory back-calculated), each mass-allocated across the meal and fat co-products using the SAME published yields, and converted to GWP by BAFU emission factors. The rebuilt value is ~21x the retired one; that gap is REPORTED, not tuned away. Reproducing 0.020 by construction would have required keeping the very input -- 0.30 MJ/kg -- that a first-law check shows to be impossible. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.9, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 4.9 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 4.9 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 4.9 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 4.9 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.170656, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.170656 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.170656 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.170656 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.170656 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 4.475, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00435, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 172.0, "protein_g": 3.0, "fat_g": 0.0, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 40.0, "sugars_g": 37.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 5.099999904632568, "water_g": 57.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 172.0, 172.0 ], "protein_g": [ 3.0, 3.0 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 40.0, 40.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 37.0, 37.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 5.099999904632568, 5.099999904632568 ], "water_g": [ 57.0, 57.0 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Teriyaki sauce", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 1.0, "embedding_distance": 0.0, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Teriyaki sauce' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Meat and bone meal (MBM), wet rendering of condemned category 1 mammalian slaughterhouse by-product (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.02 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method, so an acidification query returned a confident 0.0 that reads as 'no impact' rather than 'no data'. SYSTEM EXPANSION / MAIN-PRODUCT APPROACH -- LOAD-BEARING, DO NOT 'FIX'. The ABP feedstock enters this process with ZERO upstream burden and there is deliberately NO animal, feed, farm or slaughter technosphere input in this inventory. Condemned slaughterhouse material has zero or negative economic value at the slaughterhouse gate -- the producer pays for its removal -- which under ISO 14044 is the condition for the main-product (no-allocation) approach, leaving all farm and slaughter burden with the edible meat. Ramirez (2012) section 4.4 states this explicitly for mammalian ABP. This is the correction that the retired force override existed to make: it replaced a soybean-meal proxy (BAFU 232293, ~1.31 kg CO2eq/kg) whose crop-cultivation burden inflated gelatine GWP by +226% (gelatine draws 5.0 kg MBM per kg product). Adding ANY upstream animal or feed input here reintroduces that regression. The retired entry's rendering ENERGY was separately wrong by ~20x: its stated 0.30 MJ natural gas/kg MBM is below the latent heat needed to evaporate the water that demonstrably leaves the process (raw ABP is ~57% water; ~2.1 kg of it per kg MBM, >=4.8 MJ unallocated). The likely origin is Lopez et al. 2010's '0.3 MJ/kg ABP of ELECTRICITY' read as thermal energy per kg of product. This rebuild uses the median of five independent published estimates (4.90 MJ/kg, range 4.19-6.62). Inventory per kg MBM: natural gas heat 4.9000 MJ, electricity 0.17066 kWh, process water 4.475 kg, effluent treatment 0.00435 m3; NO feedstock input by design. Modelled GWP 0.4240 kg CO2eq/kg (range 0.3490-0.5738); retired flat value 0.02. The full thermal duty is charged to purchased natural gas even though rendering plants commonly burn part of their own recovered fat (Ramirez base case 25% gas / 75% own fat); that is a stated conservative boundary choice, not an oversight. No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value of 0.020 kg CO2eq/kg, from the gelatine GWP that consumes it, or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is the median of five independently published rendering energy datasets (UK survey, two US datasets, a US industry survey and the ecoinvent Swiss tallow inventory back-calculated), each mass-allocated across the meal and fat co-products using the SAME published yields, and converted to GWP by BAFU emission factors. The rebuilt value is ~21x the retired one; that gap is REPORTED, not tuned away. Reproducing 0.020 by construction would have required keeping the very input -- 0.30 MJ/kg -- that a first-law check shows to be impossible. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_4d6b4c170d504a1b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/6041c252e31657f6b1ffee0221d82066_copy31", "name": "rice syrup production, rice wet-milling and enzymatic hydrolysis", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_rice_syrup_liquid_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "rice syrup, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_ef2535a9" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03307722" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "rice-syrups" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_rice_syrup_liquid_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open literature and BAFU/tributary OGD only. No ecoinvent flow-level data, exchange lists, or process descriptions were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram rice syrup production, rice wet-milling and enzymatic hydrolysis built from 2 energy / processing, 3 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram rice syrup production, rice wet-milling and enzymatic hydrolysis", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based rice syrup reconstruction. The prior modified-starch force override is replaced by an open rice-specific chain: BAFU 'Rice, at farm' (bafu/405642) at 1.719258 kg/kg syrup, wet extraction of rice starch at 0.4405 yield, and enzymatic starch hydrolysis/concentration to 80 Brix syrup. The previous upstream link to fruit_crops_lci/14a24cbc965fa347aefae3e4c7681927 was a DUMMY placeholder with zero exchanges that silently zeroed the rice burden. Energy and water are BAFU technosphere exchanges in a food_processing_lci composite; biosphere_exchanges are empty to avoid direct energy CO2 and rice-field CH4 double counting (CH4 already in BAFU 405642).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 5.220245, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 5.220245 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 5.220245 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 5.220245 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 5.220245 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.256696, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.256696 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.256696 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.256696 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.256696 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 3.438517, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.003439, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Rice, at farm (US, BAFU)", "amount": 1.719258, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 353.73, "protein_g": 1.1400000000000001, "fat_g": 0.252, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 74.3, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.1, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0065532, "water_g": 9.8532 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 292.0, 444.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 6.5253888 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 1.1424 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 2.5 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 14.400000000000006, 87.6 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 54.5 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 1.3 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.03556 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 16.4 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "agrovoc:c_ef2535a9", "matched_term_name": "rice syrup", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 10, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Process-based rice syrup reconstruction. The prior modified-starch force override is replaced by an open rice-specific chain: BAFU 'Rice, at farm' (bafu/405642) at 1.719258 kg/kg syrup, wet extraction of rice starch at 0.4405 yield, and enzymatic starch hydrolysis/concentration to 80 Brix syrup. The previous upstream link to fruit_crops_lci/14a24cbc965fa347aefae3e4c7681927 was a DUMMY placeholder with zero exchanges that silently zeroed the rice burden. Energy and water are BAFU technosphere exchanges in a food_processing_lci composite; biosphere_exchanges are empty to avoid direct energy CO2 and rice-field CH4 double counting (CH4 already in BAFU 405642)." }, "repl_b01b0d7b9815e3a8": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fb1d034f1bd749418dc87e202b78161a_copy1", "name": "rice syrup production, rice wet-milling and enzymatic hydrolysis", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_rice_syrup_liquid_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "rice syrup, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_ef2535a9" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03307722" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "rice-syrups" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_rice_syrup_liquid_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open literature and BAFU/tributary OGD only. No ecoinvent flow-level data, exchange lists, or process descriptions were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram rice syrup production, rice wet-milling and enzymatic hydrolysis built from 2 energy / processing, 3 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram rice syrup production, rice wet-milling and enzymatic hydrolysis", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based rice syrup reconstruction. The prior modified-starch force override is replaced by an open rice-specific chain: BAFU 'Rice, at farm' (bafu/405642) at 1.719258 kg/kg syrup, wet extraction of rice starch at 0.4405 yield, and enzymatic starch hydrolysis/concentration to 80 Brix syrup. The previous upstream link to fruit_crops_lci/14a24cbc965fa347aefae3e4c7681927 was a DUMMY placeholder with zero exchanges that silently zeroed the rice burden. Energy and water are BAFU technosphere exchanges in a food_processing_lci composite; biosphere_exchanges are empty to avoid direct energy CO2 and rice-field CH4 double counting (CH4 already in BAFU 405642).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 5.220245, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 5.220245 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 5.220245 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 5.220245 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 5.220245 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.256696, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.256696 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.256696 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.256696 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.256696 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 3.438517, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.003439, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Rice, at farm (US, BAFU)", "amount": 1.719258, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 353.73, "protein_g": 1.1400000000000001, "fat_g": 0.252, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 74.3, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.1, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0065532, "water_g": 9.8532 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 292.0, 444.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 6.5253888 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 1.1424 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 2.5 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 14.400000000000006, 87.6 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 54.5 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 1.3 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.03556 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 16.4 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "agrovoc:c_ef2535a9", "matched_term_name": "rice syrup", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 10, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Process-based rice syrup reconstruction. The prior modified-starch force override is replaced by an open rice-specific chain: BAFU 'Rice, at farm' (bafu/405642) at 1.719258 kg/kg syrup, wet extraction of rice starch at 0.4405 yield, and enzymatic starch hydrolysis/concentration to 80 Brix syrup. The previous upstream link to fruit_crops_lci/14a24cbc965fa347aefae3e4c7681927 was a DUMMY placeholder with zero exchanges that silently zeroed the rice burden. Energy and water are BAFU technosphere exchanges in a food_processing_lci composite; biosphere_exchanges are empty to avoid direct energy CO2 and rice-field CH4 double counting (CH4 already in BAFU 405642)." }, "repl_3bebafe9352264ec": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fb1d034f1bd749418dc87e202b78161a_copy2", "name": "rice syrup solids production, liquid syrup spray drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_rice_syrup_solids_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "rice syrup, dried, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_ef2535a9" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03307722" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "rice-syrups" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_rice_syrup_solids_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open literature and BAFU/tributary OGD only. No ecoinvent flow-level data, exchange lists, or process descriptions were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram rice syrup solids production, liquid syrup spray drying built from 2 energy / processing, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram rice syrup solids production, liquid syrup spray drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based dried rice syrup reconstruction. The activity consumes 1.20625 kg of the liquid rice syrup composite and spray-dries only 0.20625 kg water/kg powder, based on 80 Brix liquid syrup and 96.5% dry-solids powder. This replaces the obsolete modified-starch force override and avoids tuning to the proprietary reference value that appears inflated by a 5.46x liquid feed assumption.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.004437, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.010334, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rice syrup, liquid 80 Brix", "amount": 1.20625, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.20625 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.20625 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 353.73, "protein_g": 1.1400000000000001, "fat_g": 0.252, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 74.3, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.1, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0065532, "water_g": 9.8532 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 292.0, 444.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 6.5253888 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 1.1424 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 2.5 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 14.400000000000006, 87.6 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 54.5 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 1.3 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.03556 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 16.4 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "agrovoc:c_ef2535a9", "matched_term_name": "rice syrup", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 10, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Process-based dried rice syrup reconstruction. The activity consumes 1.20625 kg of the liquid rice syrup composite and spray-dries only 0.20625 kg water/kg powder, based on 80 Brix liquid syrup and 96.5% dry-solids powder. This replaces the obsolete modified-starch force override and avoids tuning to the proprietary reference value that appears inflated by a 5.46x liquid feed assumption." }, "repl_581305d462628e19": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003114157", "name": "solid vegetable fat for frying production, oil blend and margarine-type processing", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_solid_vegetable_fat_frying_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Solid vegetable frying fat, oil blend plus margarine crystallisation, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A03LR", "name": "Vegetable fat" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_8338", "name": "vegetable oils" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543739", "name": "37390 - maté infusion (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2010", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_solid_vegetable_fat_frying_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "oil_blend_recipe_proxy" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow. All amounts are from open literature and BAFU OGD activities. No proprietary ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level data is copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram solid vegetable fat for frying production, oil blend and margarine-type processing built from 3 energy / processing, 1 other input, 2 seed, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram solid vegetable fat for frying production, oil blend and margarine-type processing", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Solid frying-fat Agribalyse foreground root resolved to an open refined vegetable-oil blend (rape, sunflower, linseed, olive) plus margarine-type crystallisation utilities from Nilsson et al. 2010. Upstream oils flow through BAFU/cascade technosphere exchanges and processing energy through BAFU heat and electricity; no fossil CO2 residual or back-solved GWP correction is added.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.081944, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.749, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 0.016, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rape oil, at oil mill (BAFU 286928, RER)", "amount": 0.62, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "refined sunflower seed oil, food_processing_lci cascade", "amount": 0.13, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.13 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.13 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "linseed oil, food_processing_lci cascade", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.05 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.05 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "olive oil, food_processing_lci extraction cascade", "amount": 0.2, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.2 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.2 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Solid frying-fat Agribalyse foreground root resolved to an open refined vegetable-oil blend (rape, sunflower, linseed, olive) plus margarine-type crystallisation utilities from Nilsson et al. 2010. Upstream oils flow through BAFU/cascade technosphere exchanges and processing energy through BAFU heat and electricity; no fossil CO2 residual or back-solved GWP correction is added." }, "repl_29980100b2a2c210": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/8f58cd69d0068bce1055701effa4b0d3_copy25", "name": "soy protein concentrate production, wet fractionation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_soy_protein_concentrate_wet_fractionation_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Soy protein concentrate, wet fractionation, RER", "terms": [ { "id": "A0BE2", "name": "Soy protein concentrate", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans", "ns": "agrovoc" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2023" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_soy_protein_concentrate_wet_fractionation_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "mass_allocated_spc_molasses", "cogeneration_gas_not_modelled_ambiguous_unit", "transport_out_of_scope", "packaging_out_of_scope_at_plant", "cooling_water_not_reported" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Inventory amounts come from Bongiovanni et al. 2026 (CC BY 4.0) and BAFU OGD activities. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data was copied or used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram soy protein concentrate production, wet fractionation built from 2 energy / processing, 6 other input, 1 co-product credit.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram soy protein concentrate production, wet fractionation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Pattern A soy protein concentrate wet-fractionation composite from Bongiovanni et al. 2026 Tables 3-4. The legacy single BAFU 232293 soybean-meal anchor is replaced by allocated physical inputs per kg SPC: 0.957517 kg soybean meal, 0.016775 kg sulphuric acid, 0.012078 kg NaOH 50%, 0.012883 kg H2O2 50% equivalent, 0.00006710 kg ammonia, 0.008723 kWh RER electricity, 16.815260 MJ natural-gas heat, 5.371288 kg process water, and 0.00067100 m3 wastewater. Amounts are scaled by the source's 67.1% SPC mass-allocation share for the SPC/molasses split. Transport, packaging, and ambiguous cogen gas are recorded in metadata rather than folded into generic exchanges. Expected BAFU sanity GWP is 2.537962 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.008723, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.008723 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.008723 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.008723 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.008723 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 16.81526, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 5.371288, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000671, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Soybean meal, at oil mill (BR), allocated SPC share", "amount": 0.957517, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "co-product credit", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sulphuric acid, liquid, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.016775, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.012078, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.012883, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Ammonia, liquid, at regional storehouse (RER)", "amount": 6.7e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "co-product credit", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Pattern A soy protein concentrate wet-fractionation composite from Bongiovanni et al. 2026 Tables 3-4. The legacy single BAFU 232293 soybean-meal anchor is replaced by allocated physical inputs per kg SPC: 0.957517 kg soybean meal, 0.016775 kg sulphuric acid, 0.012078 kg NaOH 50%, 0.012883 kg H2O2 50% equivalent, 0.00006710 kg ammonia, 0.008723 kWh RER electricity, 16.815260 MJ natural-gas heat, 5.371288 kg process water, and 0.00067100 m3 wastewater. Amounts are scaled by the source's 67.1% SPC mass-allocation share for the SPC/molasses split. Transport, packaging, and ambiguous cogen gas are recorded in metadata rather than folded into generic exchanges. Expected BAFU sanity GWP is 2.537962 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_5fb9c1daa2fd8ccc": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003114528", "name": "soy protein concentrate production, wet fractionation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_soy_protein_concentrate_wet_fractionation_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Soy protein concentrate, wet fractionation, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0BE2", "name": "Soy protein concentrate" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "FR" } ], "time": { "start": "2023", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_soy_protein_concentrate_wet_fractionation_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "mass_allocated_spc_molasses", "cogeneration_gas_not_modelled_ambiguous_unit", "transport_out_of_scope", "packaging_out_of_scope_at_plant", "cooling_water_not_reported" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Inventory amounts come from Bongiovanni et al. 2026 (CC BY 4.0) and BAFU OGD activities. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data was copied or used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram soy protein concentrate production, wet fractionation built from 2 energy / processing, 6 other input, 1 co-product credit.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram soy protein concentrate production, wet fractionation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Pattern A soy protein concentrate wet-fractionation composite from Bongiovanni et al. 2026 Tables 3-4. The legacy single BAFU 232293 soybean-meal anchor is replaced by allocated physical inputs per kg SPC: 0.957517 kg soybean meal, 0.016775 kg sulphuric acid, 0.012078 kg NaOH 50%, 0.012883 kg H2O2 50% equivalent, 0.00006710 kg ammonia, 0.008723 kWh RER electricity, 16.815260 MJ natural-gas heat, 5.371288 kg process water, and 0.00067100 m3 wastewater. Amounts are scaled by the source's 67.1% SPC mass-allocation share for the SPC/molasses split. Transport, packaging, and ambiguous cogen gas are recorded in metadata rather than folded into generic exchanges. Expected BAFU sanity GWP is 2.537962 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.008723, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.008723 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.008723 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.008723 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.008723 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 16.81526, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 5.371288, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000671, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Soybean meal, at oil mill (BR), allocated SPC share", "amount": 0.957517, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "co-product credit", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sulphuric acid, liquid, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.016775, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.012078, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.012883, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Ammonia, liquid, at regional storehouse (RER)", "amount": 6.7e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "co-product credit", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Pattern A soy protein concentrate wet-fractionation composite from Bongiovanni et al. 2026 Tables 3-4. The legacy single BAFU 232293 soybean-meal anchor is replaced by allocated physical inputs per kg SPC: 0.957517 kg soybean meal, 0.016775 kg sulphuric acid, 0.012078 kg NaOH 50%, 0.012883 kg H2O2 50% equivalent, 0.00006710 kg ammonia, 0.008723 kWh RER electricity, 16.815260 MJ natural-gas heat, 5.371288 kg process water, and 0.00067100 m3 wastewater. Amounts are scaled by the source's 67.1% SPC mass-allocation share for the SPC/molasses split. Transport, packaging, and ambiguous cogen gas are recorded in metadata rather than folded into generic exchanges. Expected BAFU sanity GWP is 2.537962 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_2a10cec20cbcbf8f": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/8f58cd69d0068bce1055701effa4b0d3_copy23", "name": "soybean flakes production, dehulled flaking preparation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_soybean_flakes_preparation_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Soybean flakes, dehulled flaking preparation, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A05HX", "name": "Soya bean" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2023", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "replacement_kind": "resolved", "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_soybean_flakes_preparation_RER" }, "note": "Open-literature process-based soybean-flakes composite. Feedstock mass comes from soybean meat/hull balance; preparation utilities come from published soybean-crushing industry utility ceilings. No calibration residual is used.", "build_params": null }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram soybean flakes production, dehulled flaking preparation built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram soybean flakes production, dehulled flaking preparation", "derivation": "1 kg dehulled soybean flakes at plant Pattern A soybean-flakes preparation composite. The stale parent force override to BAFU 490468 Brazilian farm-gate soybeans is replaced by an itemized food_processing_lci activity for dehulled soybean flakes: 1.075269 kg BAFU 151821 soybeans, 0.021505 kWh RER electricity, and 0.096774 kg RER steam per kg flakes. The soybean input ratio comes from Demarco and Gibon's 92-93% soybean-meat mass balance; electricity and steam use their preparation utility ceilings. Hexane and NOPA full-crushing water/fuel rows are excluded because solvent extraction is downstream of flaking. Expected open BAFU sanity GWP is 1.375086 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.021505, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Steam, for chemical processes, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.096774, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Soy beans IP, at farm (CH), proxy for RER soybean feedstock", "amount": 1.075269, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg dehulled soybean flakes at plant", "boundary": "Cradle-to-plant soybean flakes: soybean feedstock plus cleaning, conditioning, cracking, dehulling and flaking. Solvent extraction, meal treatment after extraction, oil refining, packaging and transport are excluded.", "luc": "Land-use-change and field emissions are inherited from the selected open BAFU soybean feedstock anchor; no additional processing-layer biosphere overlay is added.", "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": null }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Built from open BAFU/UVEK technosphere anchors and public or CC BY literature; reusable with BAFU attribution.", "citations": [ { "handle": "demarco-gibon-2020", "text": "Demarco A. and Gibon V. (2020) Overview of the soybean process in the crushing industry. OCL 27:60. CC BY 4.0." }, { "handle": "nopa-2024", "text": "National Oilseed Processors Association (2024) Life Cycle Inventory Data for Soybean Processing." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2025", "text": "Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." } ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "dqr_tuple": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 415.0, "protein_g": 35.9, "fat_g": 18.74, "saturated_fat_g": 2.56, "carbohydrates_g": 17.4, "sugars_g": 5.3398, "fiber_g": 16.6, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.012700000000000001, "water_g": 8.5 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 415.0, 415.0 ], "protein_g": [ 35.9, 35.9 ], "fat_g": [ 18.74, 18.74 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 2.56, 2.56 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 17.4, 17.4 ], "sugars_g": [ 5.3398, 5.3398 ], "fiber_g": [ 16.6, 16.6 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.012700000000000001, 0.012700000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 8.5, 8.5 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Soybean", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 1.0, "embedding_distance": 0.0, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Soybean (as plant)' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Pattern A soybean-flakes preparation composite. The stale parent force override to BAFU 490468 Brazilian farm-gate soybeans is replaced by an itemized food_processing_lci activity for dehulled soybean flakes: 1.075269 kg BAFU 151821 soybeans, 0.021505 kWh RER electricity, and 0.096774 kg RER steam per kg flakes. The soybean input ratio comes from Demarco and Gibon's 92-93% soybean-meat mass balance; electricity and steam use their preparation utility ceilings. Hexane and NOPA full-crushing water/fuel rows are excluded because solvent extraction is downstream of flaking. Expected open BAFU sanity GWP is 1.375086 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_a7c569871724d45f": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/8f58cd69d0068bce1055701effa4b0d3_copy24", "name": "soybean flakes production, dehulled flaking preparation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_soybean_flakes_preparation_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Soybean flakes, dehulled flaking preparation, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A05HX", "name": "Soya bean" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1800", "name": "soybeans" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2023", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "replacement_kind": "resolved", "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_soybean_flakes_preparation_RER" }, "note": "Open-literature process-based soybean-flakes composite. Feedstock mass comes from soybean meat/hull balance; preparation utilities come from published soybean-crushing industry utility ceilings. No calibration residual is used.", "build_params": null }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram soybean flakes production, dehulled flaking preparation built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram soybean flakes production, dehulled flaking preparation", "derivation": "1 kg dehulled soybean flakes at plant Pattern A soybean-flakes preparation composite. The stale parent force override to BAFU 490468 Brazilian farm-gate soybeans is replaced by an itemized food_processing_lci activity for dehulled soybean flakes: 1.075269 kg BAFU 151821 soybeans, 0.021505 kWh RER electricity, and 0.096774 kg RER steam per kg flakes. The soybean input ratio comes from Demarco and Gibon's 92-93% soybean-meat mass balance; electricity and steam use their preparation utility ceilings. Hexane and NOPA full-crushing water/fuel rows are excluded because solvent extraction is downstream of flaking. Expected open BAFU sanity GWP is 1.375086 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.021505, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Steam, for chemical processes, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.096774, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Soy beans IP, at farm (CH), proxy for RER soybean feedstock", "amount": 1.075269, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg dehulled soybean flakes at plant", "boundary": "Cradle-to-plant soybean flakes: soybean feedstock plus cleaning, conditioning, cracking, dehulling and flaking. Solvent extraction, meal treatment after extraction, oil refining, packaging and transport are excluded.", "luc": "Land-use-change and field emissions are inherited from the selected open BAFU soybean feedstock anchor; no additional processing-layer biosphere overlay is added.", "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": null }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Built from open BAFU/UVEK technosphere anchors and public or CC BY literature; reusable with BAFU attribution.", "citations": [ { "handle": "demarco-gibon-2020", "text": "Demarco A. and Gibon V. (2020) Overview of the soybean process in the crushing industry. OCL 27:60. CC BY 4.0." }, { "handle": "nopa-2024", "text": "National Oilseed Processors Association (2024) Life Cycle Inventory Data for Soybean Processing." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2025", "text": "Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." } ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "dqr_tuple": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 415.0, "protein_g": 35.9, "fat_g": 18.74, "saturated_fat_g": 2.56, "carbohydrates_g": 17.4, "sugars_g": 5.3398, "fiber_g": 16.6, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.012700000000000001, "water_g": 8.5 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 415.0, 415.0 ], "protein_g": [ 35.9, 35.9 ], "fat_g": [ 18.74, 18.74 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 2.56, 2.56 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 17.4, 17.4 ], "sugars_g": [ 5.3398, 5.3398 ], "fiber_g": [ 16.6, 16.6 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.012700000000000001, 0.012700000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 8.5, 8.5 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Soybean", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 1.0, "embedding_distance": 0.0, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Soybean (as plant)' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Pattern A soybean-flakes preparation composite. The stale parent force override to BAFU 490468 Brazilian farm-gate soybeans is replaced by an itemized food_processing_lci activity for dehulled soybean flakes: 1.075269 kg BAFU 151821 soybeans, 0.021505 kWh RER electricity, and 0.096774 kg RER steam per kg flakes. The soybean input ratio comes from Demarco and Gibon's 92-93% soybean-meat mass balance; electricity and steam use their preparation utility ceilings. Hexane and NOPA full-crushing water/fuel rows are excluded because solvent extraction is downstream of flaking. Expected open BAFU sanity GWP is 1.375086 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_ea83533e3f96fb13": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/628dc97248a16137565e055a091df2d2", "name": "sugar beet pulp feed drying and pelleting, at sugar refinery", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_sugar_beet_pulp_feed_dried_CH" }, "sediment": { "intent": "sugar beet pulp, CH", "terms": [ { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "e98c4987-0c27-4ad8-aa06-568bea573460" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301589" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "CH", "name": "Switzerland" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_sugar_beet_pulp_feed_dried_CH" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open literature + BAFU OGD catalog only. No ecoinvent flow-level inventory data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram sugar beet pulp feed drying and pelleting, at sugar refinery built from 2 other input, 2 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram sugar beet pulp feed drying and pelleting, at sugar refinery", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Sugar beet pulp feed drying and pelleting, CH: Pattern A composite LCI for dried beet-pulp feed from open sugar-industry sources and BAFU technosphere inputs. The process starts from BAFU 194426 sugar-beet pulp co-product and BAFU 316815 sugar-beet molasses, applies the open industrial mass balance 2 t pressed pulp + 0.4 t molasses -> 1 t dried pulp at 10% moisture, and dries the calculated 1.376 kg water/kg finished dried pulp with 3 MJ/kg water evaporated in a conventional dryer. Ancillary pelleting/handling electricity uses the midpoint of open feed-manufacturing estimates, 50 kWh/t finished feed. This entry intentionally does not add field N2O/SOC corrections; those are owned by agri_model_integrated / nitrogen / ICBM / RothC. It also does not add warehouse transport because consuming Agribalyse feed-at-warehouse records carry their own transport exchange.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Pulps, from sugar beet, at sugar refinery (CH)", "amount": 2.0, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Molasses, from sugar beet, at sugar refinery (CH)", "amount": 0.4, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (CH)", "amount": 4.128, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (CH)", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Sugar beet pulp feed drying and pelleting, CH: Pattern A composite LCI for dried beet-pulp feed from open sugar-industry sources and BAFU technosphere inputs. The process starts from BAFU 194426 sugar-beet pulp co-product and BAFU 316815 sugar-beet molasses, applies the open industrial mass balance 2 t pressed pulp + 0.4 t molasses -> 1 t dried pulp at 10% moisture, and dries the calculated 1.376 kg water/kg finished dried pulp with 3 MJ/kg water evaporated in a conventional dryer. Ancillary pelleting/handling electricity uses the midpoint of open feed-manufacturing estimates, 50 kWh/t finished feed. This entry intentionally does not add field N2O/SOC corrections; those are owned by agri_model_integrated / nitrogen / ICBM / RothC. It also does not add warehouse transport because consuming Agribalyse feed-at-warehouse records carry their own transport exchange." }, "repl_ca497b377fa2015f": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/8f58cd69d0068bce1055701effa4b0d3_copy26", "name": "sunflower meal processing, dry milling, cradle-to-gate composite", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_sunflower_protein_flour_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "sunflower protein flour, 30-40%, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "langual", "id": "B1547" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A015L" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541187", "name": "11870 - sunflower seeds (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_sunflower_protein_flour_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All parameters from open peer-reviewed literature, BAFU OGD activities, and public industry benchmarks. No flow-level data copied from the proprietary ecoinvent database. The ecoinvent reference GWP (1.077 kg CO2eq/kg) and Hestia open reference (0.477) are used only as sanity-check comparison bands. Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.66, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram sunflower meal processing, dry milling, cradle-to-gate composite built from 1 energy / processing, 1 other input, 1 co-product credit.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram sunflower meal processing, dry milling, cradle-to-gate composite", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Sunflower protein flour 30-40% production (RER, copy26 production activity): dry-milling Pattern A composite. 1.0526 kg sunflower meal (via food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_sunflower_seed_meal_RER, cradle-to-gate, sunflower seed mass-allocated through an open RER BAFU 324601/152476 crop proxy mix) + 0.1 kWh BAFU 609058 electricity for dry milling/sieving. Dry-milling-only CO2 = 0.03280 kg CO2eq/kg flour; full cradle-to-gate GWP propagated through the BAFU technosphere chain at recalculation time. References in metadata.literature_basis.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.1, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.0224, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sunflower meal, oil_extracted (food_processing_lci cascade, allocation-aware)", "amount": 1.0526, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "co-product credit", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0526 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0526 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "co-product credit", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Sunflower protein flour 30-40% production (RER, copy26 production activity): dry-milling Pattern A composite. 1.0526 kg sunflower meal (via food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_sunflower_seed_meal_RER, cradle-to-gate, sunflower seed mass-allocated through an open RER BAFU 324601/152476 crop proxy mix) + 0.1 kWh BAFU 609058 electricity for dry milling/sieving. Dry-milling-only CO2 = 0.03280 kg CO2eq/kg flour; full cradle-to-gate GWP propagated through the BAFU technosphere chain at recalculation time. References in metadata.literature_basis." }, "repl_d16aa80ae8e7a030": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/bd9144c45aaf4c04a724826a36d18cfd", "name": "market for sunflower protein flour, w/o transport (pass-through to dry-milling composite)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_sunflower_protein_flour_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "sunflower protein flour, 30-40%, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "langual", "id": "B1547" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A015L" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541187", "name": "11870 - sunflower seeds (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_sunflower_protein_flour_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All parameters from open peer-reviewed literature, BAFU OGD activities, and public industry benchmarks. No flow-level data copied from the proprietary ecoinvent database. The ecoinvent reference GWP (1.077 kg CO2eq/kg) and Hestia open reference (0.477) are used only as sanity-check comparison bands. Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for sunflower protein flour, w/o transport (pass-through to dry-milling composite) built from 1 energy / processing, 1 other input, 1 co-product credit.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for sunflower protein flour, w/o transport (pass-through to dry-milling composite)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Sunflower protein flour 30-40% production (RER, market pass-through): dry-milling Pattern A composite. 1.0526 kg sunflower meal (via food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_sunflower_seed_meal_RER, cradle-to-gate, sunflower seed mass-allocated through an open RER BAFU 324601/152476 crop proxy mix) + 0.1 kWh BAFU 609058 electricity for dry milling/sieving. Dry-milling-only CO2 = 0.03280 kg CO2eq/kg flour; full cradle-to-gate GWP propagated through the BAFU technosphere chain at recalculation time. References in metadata.literature_basis. Pass-through to the same dry-milling activity as copy26; transport not modelled separately.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.1, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.0224, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sunflower meal, oil_extracted (food_processing_lci cascade, allocation-aware)", "amount": 1.0526, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "co-product credit", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0526 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0526 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "co-product credit", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Sunflower protein flour 30-40% production (RER, market pass-through): dry-milling Pattern A composite. 1.0526 kg sunflower meal (via food_processing_cascade_oil_extraction_sunflower_seed_meal_RER, cradle-to-gate, sunflower seed mass-allocated through an open RER BAFU 324601/152476 crop proxy mix) + 0.1 kWh BAFU 609058 electricity for dry milling/sieving. Dry-milling-only CO2 = 0.03280 kg CO2eq/kg flour; full cradle-to-gate GWP propagated through the BAFU technosphere chain at recalculation time. References in metadata.literature_basis. Pass-through to the same dry-milling activity as copy26; transport not modelled separately." }, "repl_398a43e9103ff905": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f1dc43603a0948418803fded63dcb171_copy2", "name": "sunflower seed processing, dehulling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_sunflower_seed_dehulling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "sunflower seed, dehulled, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25507" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "20d649c2-db6b-4c9a-b529-409c9d43748e" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A015L" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541187", "name": "11870 - sunflower seeds (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_sunflower_seed_dehulling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Uses only open literature, public equipment benchmarks, and BAFU OGD activities. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data copied or used to derive exchange amounts. Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram sunflower seed processing, dehulling built from 1 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram sunflower seed processing, dehulling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Sunflower seed dehulling (RER): Pattern A process-based composite. Mass balance uses 1.403509 kg in-shell sunflower seed per kg recovered dehulled kernel from 25% hulls and 5% non-recoverable kernel fraction. The seed input uses the existing open RER sunflower proxy mix (92% BAFU 324601, 8% BAFU 152476), not the former single Spain farm anchor. Electricity is 0.015439 kWh/kg kernel for dry cleaning, dehulling, aspiration, and grading. No proprietary ecoinvent exchange amounts used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.015439, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sunflower IP, at farm (BAFU 324601, CH proxy for non-Spain Europe)", "amount": 1.291228, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sunflower conventional, Castilla-y-Leon, at farm (BAFU 152476, ES)", "amount": 0.112281, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 611.0, "protein_g": 24.1, "fat_g": 51.85, "saturated_fat_g": 5.440000057220459, "carbohydrates_g": 15.0, "sugars_g": 1.4, "fiber_g": 7.7, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00762, "water_g": 4.4 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 236.0, 647.0 ], "protein_g": [ 11.2, 27.0 ], "fat_g": [ 27.8, 56.8 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 2.41, 6.6 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 2.72, 33.3 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 3.4000000953674316 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 13.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.031369 ], "water_g": [ 0.98, 8.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A015L", "matched_term_name": "Sunflower seeds", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 21, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Sunflower seed dehulling (RER): Pattern A process-based composite. Mass balance uses 1.403509 kg in-shell sunflower seed per kg recovered dehulled kernel from 25% hulls and 5% non-recoverable kernel fraction. The seed input uses the existing open RER sunflower proxy mix (92% BAFU 324601, 8% BAFU 152476), not the former single Spain farm anchor. Electricity is 0.015439 kWh/kg kernel for dry cleaning, dehulling, aspiration, and grading. No proprietary ecoinvent exchange amounts used." }, "repl_3034f4d14b35ac20": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/b04fc2f029dd9b4b7c8e087b43011a22_copy4", "name": "sunflower seed processing, dehulling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_sunflower_seed_dehulling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "sunflower seed, dehulled, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25507" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "20d649c2-db6b-4c9a-b529-409c9d43748e" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A015L" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541187", "name": "11870 - sunflower seeds (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_sunflower_seed_dehulling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Uses only open literature, public equipment benchmarks, and BAFU OGD activities. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data copied or used to derive exchange amounts. Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram sunflower seed processing, dehulling built from 1 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram sunflower seed processing, dehulling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Market for sunflower seed, dehulled (w/o transport, RER): pass-through to the same process-based sunflower seed dehulling composite as the production child. No external transport added.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.015439, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sunflower IP, at farm (BAFU 324601, CH proxy for non-Spain Europe)", "amount": 1.291228, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sunflower conventional, Castilla-y-Leon, at farm (BAFU 152476, ES)", "amount": 0.112281, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 611.0, "protein_g": 24.1, "fat_g": 51.85, "saturated_fat_g": 5.440000057220459, "carbohydrates_g": 15.0, "sugars_g": 1.4, "fiber_g": 7.7, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00762, "water_g": 4.4 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 236.0, 647.0 ], "protein_g": [ 11.2, 27.0 ], "fat_g": [ 27.8, 56.8 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 2.41, 6.6 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 2.72, 33.3 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 3.4000000953674316 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 13.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.031369 ], "water_g": [ 0.98, 8.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A015L", "matched_term_name": "Sunflower seeds", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 21, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Market for sunflower seed, dehulled (w/o transport, RER): pass-through to the same process-based sunflower seed dehulling composite as the production child. No external transport added." }, "repl_b99565b8aee14ca0": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003115207", "name": "grilled salted sunflower seed LDPE packaging, France, open rebuild", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_sunflower_seed_grilled_salted_FR_at_packaging" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Sunflower seed, grilled, salted, processed in FR | Ambient (long) | Pack proxy | at packaging {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A015L", "name": "Sunflower seeds" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25507", "name": "sunflower seeds" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541187", "name": "11870 - sunflower seeds (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_sunflower_seed_grilled_salted_FR_at_packaging" }, "note": "Process-based grilled salted sunflower seed stage chain from open physical inputs. Sunflower seed is consumed from the SALCA agricultural tributary; roasting heat, salt, pouching, transport, and retail utilities are itemized as technosphere exchanges. No proprietary flow list, calibrated residual, or direct fossil CO2 shortcut is used." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram grilled salted sunflower seed LDPE packaging, France, open rebuild built from 1 seed, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram grilled salted sunflower seed LDPE packaging, France, open rebuild", "derivation": "1 kg sunflower seed, grilled, salted, packaged, France Process-based grilled salted sunflower seed stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The at-plant stage consumes French SALCA-generated sunflower seed, adds sodium chloride from a public-label sodium basis, and routes dry-roasting heat through BAFU LPG heat. Packaging, distribution, supermarket, and no-preparation consumer stages are linked in sequence. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 biosphere shortcut or fitted residual is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "sunflower seed, grilled, salted, at plant", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Packaging film, LDPE, at plant", "amount": 0.056, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg sunflower seed, grilled, salted, packaged, France", "boundary": "Cradle-to-stage proxy for the Agribalyse sunflower seed grilled salted chain: French sunflower seed production via SALCA plus the food-processing stages up to the named stage. Agricultural field emissions remain in lci-salca; processing and packaging stages are owned here.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The Agribalyse root substitution is keyed to the named stage record; downstream stage links express any foreground multipliers explicitly." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical input rates are from open literature/product pages and BAFU/UVEK OGD-compatible activities; no ecoinvent flow-level data is redistributed.", "citations": [ { "handle": null, "text": "European Commission (2006) FDM BREF, nut-processing energy range." }, { "handle": null, "text": "Giant dry-roasted sunflower kernels public nutrition page." }, { "handle": null, "text": "Interplas 8 oz metalized stand-up pouch public specification." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 611.0, "protein_g": 24.1, "fat_g": 51.85, "saturated_fat_g": 5.440000057220459, "carbohydrates_g": 15.0, "sugars_g": 1.4, "fiber_g": 7.7, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00762, "water_g": 4.4 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 236.0, 647.0 ], "protein_g": [ 11.2, 27.0 ], "fat_g": [ 27.8, 56.8 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 2.41, 6.6 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 2.72, 33.3 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 3.4000000953674316 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 13.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.031369 ], "water_g": [ 0.98, 8.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A015L", "matched_term_name": "Sunflower seeds", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 21, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "origin not resolvable to a covered row; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Process-based grilled salted sunflower seed stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The at-plant stage consumes French SALCA-generated sunflower seed, adds sodium chloride from a public-label sodium basis, and routes dry-roasting heat through BAFU LPG heat. Packaging, distribution, supermarket, and no-preparation consumer stages are linked in sequence. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 biosphere shortcut or fitted residual is used." }, "repl_79bc9a684210d881": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003115206", "name": "grilled salted sunflower seed ambient distribution, France, open rebuild", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_sunflower_seed_grilled_salted_FR_at_distribution" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Sunflower seed, grilled, salted, processed in FR | Ambient (long) | Pack proxy | at distribution {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A015L", "name": "Sunflower seeds" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25507", "name": "sunflower seeds" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541187", "name": "11870 - sunflower seeds (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_sunflower_seed_grilled_salted_FR_at_distribution" }, "note": "Process-based grilled salted sunflower seed stage chain from open physical inputs. Sunflower seed is consumed from the SALCA agricultural tributary; roasting heat, salt, pouching, transport, and retail utilities are itemized as technosphere exchanges. No proprietary flow list, calibrated residual, or direct fossil CO2 shortcut is used." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram grilled salted sunflower seed ambient distribution, France, open rebuild built from 1 seed, 1 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram grilled salted sunflower seed ambient distribution, France, open rebuild", "derivation": "1 kg sunflower seed, grilled, salted, packaged, at distribution, France Process-based grilled salted sunflower seed stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The at-plant stage consumes French SALCA-generated sunflower seed, adds sodium chloride from a public-label sodium basis, and routes dry-roasting heat through BAFU LPG heat. Packaging, distribution, supermarket, and no-preparation consumer stages are linked in sequence. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 biosphere shortcut or fitted residual is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "sunflower seed, grilled, salted, packaged", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, 16t-32t gross weight, fleet average", "amount": 0.35, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg sunflower seed, grilled, salted, packaged, at distribution, France", "boundary": "Cradle-to-stage proxy for the Agribalyse sunflower seed grilled salted chain: French sunflower seed production via SALCA plus the food-processing stages up to the named stage. Agricultural field emissions remain in lci-salca; processing and packaging stages are owned here.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The Agribalyse root substitution is keyed to the named stage record; downstream stage links express any foreground multipliers explicitly." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical input rates are from open literature/product pages and BAFU/UVEK OGD-compatible activities; no ecoinvent flow-level data is redistributed.", "citations": [ { "handle": null, "text": "European Commission (2006) FDM BREF, nut-processing energy range." }, { "handle": null, "text": "Giant dry-roasted sunflower kernels public nutrition page." }, { "handle": null, "text": "Interplas 8 oz metalized stand-up pouch public specification." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 611.0, "protein_g": 24.1, "fat_g": 51.85, "saturated_fat_g": 5.440000057220459, "carbohydrates_g": 15.0, "sugars_g": 1.4, "fiber_g": 7.7, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00762, "water_g": 4.4 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 236.0, 647.0 ], "protein_g": [ 11.2, 27.0 ], "fat_g": [ 27.8, 56.8 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 2.41, 6.6 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 2.72, 33.3 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 3.4000000953674316 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 13.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.031369 ], "water_g": [ 0.98, 8.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A015L", "matched_term_name": "Sunflower seeds", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 21, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "origin not resolvable to a covered row; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Process-based grilled salted sunflower seed stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The at-plant stage consumes French SALCA-generated sunflower seed, adds sodium chloride from a public-label sodium basis, and routes dry-roasting heat through BAFU LPG heat. Packaging, distribution, supermarket, and no-preparation consumer stages are linked in sequence. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 biosphere shortcut or fitted residual is used." }, "repl_c79367021cde655b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003115208", "name": "grilled salted sunflower seed ambient supermarket, France, open rebuild", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_sunflower_seed_grilled_salted_FR_at_supermarket" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Sunflower seed, grilled, salted, processed in FR | Ambient (long) | Pack proxy | at supermarket {FR} U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A015L", "name": "Sunflower seeds" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25507", "name": "sunflower seeds" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541187", "name": "11870 - sunflower seeds (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_sunflower_seed_grilled_salted_FR_at_supermarket" }, "note": "Process-based grilled salted sunflower seed stage chain from open physical inputs. Sunflower seed is consumed from the SALCA agricultural tributary; roasting heat, salt, pouching, transport, and retail utilities are itemized as technosphere exchanges. No proprietary flow list, calibrated residual, or direct fossil CO2 shortcut is used." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram grilled salted sunflower seed ambient supermarket, France, open rebuild built from 1 energy / processing, 1 other input, 1 seed.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram grilled salted sunflower seed ambient supermarket, France, open rebuild", "derivation": "1 kg sunflower seed, grilled, salted, packaged, at supermarket, France Process-based grilled salted sunflower seed stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The at-plant stage consumes French SALCA-generated sunflower seed, adds sodium chloride from a public-label sodium basis, and routes dry-roasting heat through BAFU LPG heat. Packaging, distribution, supermarket, and no-preparation consumer stages are linked in sequence. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 biosphere shortcut or fitted residual is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.000229, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 2.09, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sunflower seed, grilled, salted, packaged, at distribution", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg sunflower seed, grilled, salted, packaged, at supermarket, France", "boundary": "Cradle-to-stage proxy for the Agribalyse sunflower seed grilled salted chain: French sunflower seed production via SALCA plus the food-processing stages up to the named stage. Agricultural field emissions remain in lci-salca; processing and packaging stages are owned here.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The Agribalyse root substitution is keyed to the named stage record; downstream stage links express any foreground multipliers explicitly." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical input rates are from open literature/product pages and BAFU/UVEK OGD-compatible activities; no ecoinvent flow-level data is redistributed.", "citations": [ { "handle": null, "text": "European Commission (2006) FDM BREF, nut-processing energy range." }, { "handle": null, "text": "Giant dry-roasted sunflower kernels public nutrition page." }, { "handle": null, "text": "Interplas 8 oz metalized stand-up pouch public specification." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 611.0, "protein_g": 24.1, "fat_g": 51.85, "saturated_fat_g": 5.440000057220459, "carbohydrates_g": 15.0, "sugars_g": 1.4, "fiber_g": 7.7, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00762, "water_g": 4.4 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 236.0, 647.0 ], "protein_g": [ 11.2, 27.0 ], "fat_g": [ 27.8, 56.8 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 2.41, 6.6 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 2.72, 33.3 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 3.4000000953674316 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 13.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.031369 ], "water_g": [ 0.98, 8.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A015L", "matched_term_name": "Sunflower seeds", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 21, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "origin not resolvable to a covered row; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Process-based grilled salted sunflower seed stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The at-plant stage consumes French SALCA-generated sunflower seed, adds sodium chloride from a public-label sodium basis, and routes dry-roasting heat through BAFU LPG heat. Packaging, distribution, supermarket, and no-preparation consumer stages are linked in sequence. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 biosphere shortcut or fitted residual is used." }, "repl_0075bd80bd4ed025": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003115209", "name": "grilled salted sunflower seed no-preparation consumer stage, France, open rebuild", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_sunflower_seed_grilled_salted_FR_at_consumer_no_preparation" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Sunflower seed, grilled, salted, processed in FR | Ambient (long) | Pack proxy | No preparation | at consumer {FR} [Ciqual code: 15045] U, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A015L", "name": "Sunflower seeds" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25507", "name": "sunflower seeds" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541187", "name": "11870 - sunflower seeds (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "brightway_anchor", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_sunflower_seed_grilled_salted_FR_at_consumer_no_preparation" }, "note": "Process-based grilled salted sunflower seed stage chain from open physical inputs. Sunflower seed is consumed from the SALCA agricultural tributary; roasting heat, salt, pouching, transport, and retail utilities are itemized as technosphere exchanges. No proprietary flow list, calibrated residual, or direct fossil CO2 shortcut is used." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram grilled salted sunflower seed no-preparation consumer stage, France, open rebuild built from 1 seed.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram grilled salted sunflower seed no-preparation consumer stage, France, open rebuild", "derivation": "1 kg sunflower seed, grilled, salted, packaged, no preparation, France Process-based grilled salted sunflower seed stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The at-plant stage consumes French SALCA-generated sunflower seed, adds sodium chloride from a public-label sodium basis, and routes dry-roasting heat through BAFU LPG heat. Packaging, distribution, supermarket, and no-preparation consumer stages are linked in sequence. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 biosphere shortcut or fitted residual is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "sunflower seed, grilled, salted, packaged, at supermarket", "amount": 2.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (2.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (2.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg sunflower seed, grilled, salted, packaged, no preparation, France", "boundary": "Cradle-to-stage proxy for the Agribalyse sunflower seed grilled salted chain: French sunflower seed production via SALCA plus the food-processing stages up to the named stage. Agricultural field emissions remain in lci-salca; processing and packaging stages are owned here.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The Agribalyse root substitution is keyed to the named stage record; downstream stage links express any foreground multipliers explicitly." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Physical input rates are from open literature/product pages and BAFU/UVEK OGD-compatible activities; no ecoinvent flow-level data is redistributed.", "citations": [ { "handle": null, "text": "European Commission (2006) FDM BREF, nut-processing energy range." }, { "handle": null, "text": "Giant dry-roasted sunflower kernels public nutrition page." }, { "handle": null, "text": "Interplas 8 oz metalized stand-up pouch public specification." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 611.0, "protein_g": 24.1, "fat_g": 51.85, "saturated_fat_g": 5.440000057220459, "carbohydrates_g": 15.0, "sugars_g": 1.4, "fiber_g": 7.7, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00762, "water_g": 4.4 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 236.0, 647.0 ], "protein_g": [ 11.2, 27.0 ], "fat_g": [ 27.8, 56.8 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 2.41, 6.6 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 2.72, 33.3 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 3.4000000953674316 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 13.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.031369 ], "water_g": [ 0.98, 8.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A015L", "matched_term_name": "Sunflower seeds", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 21, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "origin not resolvable to a covered row; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Process-based grilled salted sunflower seed stage composite for the Agribalyse chain. The at-plant stage consumes French SALCA-generated sunflower seed, adds sodium chloride from a public-label sodium basis, and routes dry-roasting heat through BAFU LPG heat. Packaging, distribution, supermarket, and no-preparation consumer stages are linked in sequence. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct fossil CO2 biosphere shortcut or fitted residual is used." }, "repl_ce3b485579207c23": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003114529", "name": "textured soy protein from defatted soy flour, at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_textured_soy_protein_from_soy_flour_FR_at_plant" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Textured soy protein from defatted soy flour, at plant, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A03TF", "name": "Soyabean-based meat imitates" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01BG", "name": "Soya proteins" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2021", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_textured_soy_protein_from_soy_flour_FR_at_plant" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "flour_fed_route_soybean_meal_proxy", "rer_processing_proxy_for_fr_record", "cip_chemicals_not_available", "packaging_distribution_retail_rehydration_out_of_scope" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Inventory amounts come from open peer-reviewed literature and BAFU OGD activities. No restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data was copied or used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.8, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram textured soy protein from defatted soy flour, at plant built from 1 energy / processing, 2 other input, 1 co-product credit; emissions: field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram textured soy protein from defatted soy flour, at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Pattern A textured soy protein composite from Saerens et al. 2021 Table 3 TVP soy total row, flour-fed route. The at-plant inventory uses physical inputs per kg useful product: 0.900000 kg soybean meal/defatted flour proxy, 0.256250 kWh RER electricity, 0.225000 kg process water, 17.275000 kg open-loop cooling water, and 0.076031 kg biowaste. Packaging, distribution, retail storage, and rehydration are outside this at-plant activity. Expected BAFU sanity GWP is 0.482691 kg CO2eq/kg; no scalar, residual, or conversion factor was fitted to the Agribalyse or ecoinvent reference score.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.25625, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.225, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 17.275, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 17.275, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation (CH)", "amount": 0.076031, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Soybean meal, at oil mill (US), proxy for defatted soy flour", "amount": 0.9, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "co-product credit", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "co-product credit", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Pattern A textured soy protein composite from Saerens et al. 2021 Table 3 TVP soy total row, flour-fed route. The at-plant inventory uses physical inputs per kg useful product: 0.900000 kg soybean meal/defatted flour proxy, 0.256250 kWh RER electricity, 0.225000 kg process water, 17.275000 kg open-loop cooling water, and 0.076031 kg biowaste. Packaging, distribution, retail storage, and rehydration are outside this at-plant activity. Expected BAFU sanity GWP is 0.482691 kg CO2eq/kg; no scalar, residual, or conversion factor was fitted to the Agribalyse or ecoinvent reference score." }, "repl_32f047fb29dfdb7c": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/0756478d224b4b3f9d73d6046e4921d8", "name": "tomato juice production, NFC, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_tomato_juice_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "tomato juice, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301454" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "tomato-juices" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "f23f1d0a-bdc3-47f1-8383-bd56530cbfc9" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_tomato_juice_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only. No Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level inventory data copied. BAFU OGD attribution: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram tomato juice production, NFC, without transport built from 1 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram tomato juice production, NFC, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Pattern A composite tomato-juice inventory. Replaces the EDB blank +1.11/-0.11 material links with an explicit 1.11 kg processing-grade open-field tomato input from fruit_crops_lci, while retaining the open EDB foreground electricity and process-water inputs. The record is w/o transport and remains unpackaged: PET bottle, HDPE cap, distribution, retail, and consumer stages are intentionally excluded.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.301489, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 2.22, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "tomato, processing grade, open field, fresh (fruit_crops_lci IT production)", "amount": 1.11, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (1.11 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (1.11 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 18.449999809265137, "protein_g": 0.8, "fat_g": 0.1, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 3.0, "sugars_g": 2.5, "fiber_g": 0.4, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.46463, "water_g": 94.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 14.0, 37.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.55, 1.14 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.6 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 2.0, 6.86 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 3.6 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 1.36 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.9271 ], "water_g": [ 88.8, 96.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodon:FOODON_03301454", "matched_term_name": "tomato juice", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 22, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Pattern A composite tomato-juice inventory. Replaces the EDB blank +1.11/-0.11 material links with an explicit 1.11 kg processing-grade open-field tomato input from fruit_crops_lci, while retaining the open EDB foreground electricity and process-water inputs. The record is w/o transport and remains unpackaged: PET bottle, HDPE cap, distribution, retail, and consumer stages are intentionally excluded." }, "repl_801bd5ccf2a9f28f": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/99cda6c4ffdf4ccebad31b1e80f5797e", "name": "tomato juice production, NFC, without transport", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_tomato_juice_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "tomato juice, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301454" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "tomato-juices" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "f23f1d0a-bdc3-47f1-8383-bd56530cbfc9" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_tomato_juice_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only. No Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level inventory data copied. BAFU OGD attribution: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram tomato juice production, NFC, without transport built from 1 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram tomato juice production, NFC, without transport", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Pattern A composite tomato-juice inventory. Replaces the EDB blank +1.11/-0.11 material links with an explicit 1.11 kg processing-grade open-field tomato input from fruit_crops_lci, while retaining the open EDB foreground electricity and process-water inputs. The record is w/o transport and remains unpackaged: PET bottle, HDPE cap, distribution, retail, and consumer stages are intentionally excluded.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.301489, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 2.22, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "tomato, processing grade, open field, fresh (fruit_crops_lci IT production)", "amount": 1.11, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (1.11 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (1.11 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 18.449999809265137, "protein_g": 0.8, "fat_g": 0.1, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 3.0, "sugars_g": 2.5, "fiber_g": 0.4, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.46463, "water_g": 94.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 14.0, 37.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.55, 1.14 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.6 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 2.0, 6.86 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 3.6 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 1.36 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.9271 ], "water_g": [ 88.8, 96.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodon:FOODON_03301454", "matched_term_name": "tomato juice", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 22, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Pattern A composite tomato-juice inventory. Replaces the EDB blank +1.11/-0.11 material links with an explicit 1.11 kg processing-grade open-field tomato input from fruit_crops_lci, while retaining the open EDB foreground electricity and process-water inputs. The record is w/o transport and remains unpackaged: PET bottle, HDPE cap, distribution, retail, and consumer stages are intentionally excluded." }, "repl_ba8d1dd348470132": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/1dae97072f084ce3a284a5f094f54a4d", "name": "berry vacuum drying service, per kg water evaporated", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_berries_vacuum_drying_water_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "evaporated water, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "intent", "id": "evaporated water, RoW" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_berries_vacuum_drying_water_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. OGD BAFU/UVEK data plus open literature (BREF, Mansour 2025, Mujumdar 2014); no proprietary flow data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram berry vacuum drying service, per kg water evaporated built from 2 other input, 1 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram berry vacuum drying service, per kg water evaporated", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) berry processing, vacuum drying (RER): Pattern A composite LCI for industrial heat-pump-assisted berry vacuum drying. Functional unit = 1 kg evaporated water. Inputs per kg evaporated water: 0.241 kWh electricity (heat-pump electric heat ~0.106 kWh from BREF 1.37 MJ/kg water at COP 3.6 plus vacuum-pump load 0.135 kWh from Mujumdar 2014 industrial duty) routed through BAFU 609058 (RER); 0.5 kg condenser make-up water (BAFU 227940); -0.1066 kg berry-pomace co-product treated via BAFU 286849 anaerobic digestion (economic allocation). Calculated processing GWP = 0.0718 kg CO2eq/kg evaporated water. License: open BREF, Mansour 2025, Mujumdar 2014, BAFU OGD; no proprietary data.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.5, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid (RER)", "amount": 0.241, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation", "amount": -0.10656, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "berry processing, vacuum drying (RER): Pattern A composite LCI for industrial heat-pump-assisted berry vacuum drying. Functional unit = 1 kg evaporated water. Inputs per kg evaporated water: 0.241 kWh electricity (heat-pump electric heat ~0.106 kWh from BREF 1.37 MJ/kg water at COP 3.6 plus vacuum-pump load 0.135 kWh from Mujumdar 2014 industrial duty) routed through BAFU 609058 (RER); 0.5 kg condenser make-up water (BAFU 227940); -0.1066 kg berry-pomace co-product treated via BAFU 286849 anaerobic digestion (economic allocation). Calculated processing GWP = 0.0718 kg CO2eq/kg evaporated water. License: open BREF, Mansour 2025, Mujumdar 2014, BAFU OGD; no proprietary data." }, "repl_db227b5da1b554e0": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/1dae97072f084ce3a284a5f094f54a4d_copy1", "name": "berry vacuum drying service, per kg water evaporated", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_berries_vacuum_drying_water_RoW" }, "sediment": { "intent": "evaporated water, RoW", "terms": [ { "ns": "intent", "id": "evaporated water, RoW" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RoW", "name": "Rest of World" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_berries_vacuum_drying_water_RoW" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. OGD BAFU/UVEK data plus open literature (BREF, Mansour 2025, Mujumdar 2014); no proprietary flow data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram berry vacuum drying service, per kg water evaporated built from 2 other input, 1 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram berry vacuum drying service, per kg water evaporated", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) berry processing, vacuum drying (RoW): Pattern A composite LCI for industrial heat-pump-assisted berry vacuum drying. Functional unit = 1 kg evaporated water. Inputs per kg evaporated water: 0.241 kWh electricity (heat-pump electric heat ~0.106 kWh from BREF 1.37 MJ/kg water at COP 3.6 plus vacuum-pump load 0.135 kWh from Mujumdar 2014 industrial duty) routed through BAFU 293801 (RoW); 0.5 kg condenser make-up water (BAFU 227940); -0.1066 kg berry-pomace co-product treated via BAFU 286849 anaerobic digestion (economic allocation). Calculated processing GWP = 0.1344 kg CO2eq/kg evaporated water. License: open BREF, Mansour 2025, Mujumdar 2014, BAFU OGD; no proprietary data.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.5, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid (GLO)", "amount": 0.241, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation", "amount": -0.10656, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "berry processing, vacuum drying (RoW): Pattern A composite LCI for industrial heat-pump-assisted berry vacuum drying. Functional unit = 1 kg evaporated water. Inputs per kg evaporated water: 0.241 kWh electricity (heat-pump electric heat ~0.106 kWh from BREF 1.37 MJ/kg water at COP 3.6 plus vacuum-pump load 0.135 kWh from Mujumdar 2014 industrial duty) routed through BAFU 293801 (RoW); 0.5 kg condenser make-up water (BAFU 227940); -0.1066 kg berry-pomace co-product treated via BAFU 286849 anaerobic digestion (economic allocation). Calculated processing GWP = 0.1344 kg CO2eq/kg evaporated water. License: open BREF, Mansour 2025, Mujumdar 2014, BAFU OGD; no proprietary data." }, "repl_0a4c5f7000dccada": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/1dae97072f084ce3a284a5f094f54a4d_copy2", "name": "berry vacuum drying service, per kg water evaporated", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_berries_vacuum_drying_water_BR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "evaporated water, BR", "terms": [ { "ns": "intent", "id": "evaporated water, RoW" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "BR", "name": "Brazil" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_berries_vacuum_drying_water_BR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. OGD BAFU/UVEK data plus open literature (BREF, Mansour 2025, Mujumdar 2014); no proprietary flow data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.8, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram berry vacuum drying service, per kg water evaporated built from 2 other input, 1 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram berry vacuum drying service, per kg water evaporated", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) berry processing, vacuum drying (BR): Pattern A composite LCI for industrial heat-pump-assisted berry vacuum drying. Functional unit = 1 kg evaporated water. Inputs per kg evaporated water: 0.241 kWh electricity (heat-pump electric heat ~0.106 kWh from BREF 1.37 MJ/kg water at COP 3.6 plus vacuum-pump load 0.135 kWh from Mujumdar 2014 industrial duty) routed through BAFU 235155 (BR); 0.5 kg condenser make-up water (BAFU 227940); -0.1066 kg berry-pomace co-product treated via BAFU 286849 anaerobic digestion (economic allocation). Calculated processing GWP = 0.0195 kg CO2eq/kg evaporated water. License: open BREF, Mansour 2025, Mujumdar 2014, BAFU OGD; no proprietary data.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.5, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid (BR)", "amount": 0.241, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation", "amount": -0.10656, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "berry processing, vacuum drying (BR): Pattern A composite LCI for industrial heat-pump-assisted berry vacuum drying. Functional unit = 1 kg evaporated water. Inputs per kg evaporated water: 0.241 kWh electricity (heat-pump electric heat ~0.106 kWh from BREF 1.37 MJ/kg water at COP 3.6 plus vacuum-pump load 0.135 kWh from Mujumdar 2014 industrial duty) routed through BAFU 235155 (BR); 0.5 kg condenser make-up water (BAFU 227940); -0.1066 kg berry-pomace co-product treated via BAFU 286849 anaerobic digestion (economic allocation). Calculated processing GWP = 0.0195 kg CO2eq/kg evaporated water. License: open BREF, Mansour 2025, Mujumdar 2014, BAFU OGD; no proprietary data." }, "repl_7224c11ba965ce29": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/34c728ecfe3542588da05633096926f6", "name": "berry vacuum drying service, per kg fresh berries", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_berries_vacuum_drying_service_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "berries processing, vacuum drying, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6195" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A048T" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "processingAidUnspecified" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03544451", "name": "44510 - processing aids (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_berries_vacuum_drying_service_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. OGD BAFU/UVEK data plus open literature (BREF, Mansour 2025, Mujumdar 2014); no proprietary flow data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram berry vacuum drying service, per kg fresh berries built from 2 other input, 1 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram berry vacuum drying service, per kg fresh berries", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) berries processing, vacuum drying (RER): Pattern A composite LCI for industrial heat-pump-assisted berry vacuum drying. Functional unit = 1 kg of processing service, equivalent to 5.405 kg evaporated water (from the EDB-internal 0.185 kg-service-per-kg-water wrapper ratio). Inputs per kg service: 1.303 kWh electricity routed through BAFU 609058 (RER); 2.703 kg condenser make-up water (BAFU 227940); -0.5760 kg berry-pomace co-product treated via BAFU 286849 anaerobic digestion (economic allocation). Calculated processing GWP = 0.3880 kg CO2eq/kg service. Per-kg-water intensities follow the sister evaporated-water entries in this domain (BREF heat-pump vacuum at 1.37 MJ/kg water + Mujumdar vacuum-pump 0.135 kWh/kg water). License: open BREF, Mansour 2025, Mujumdar 2014, BAFU OGD; no proprietary data.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 2.702703, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid (RER)", "amount": 1.302703, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation", "amount": -0.576, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "berries processing, vacuum drying (RER): Pattern A composite LCI for industrial heat-pump-assisted berry vacuum drying. Functional unit = 1 kg of processing service, equivalent to 5.405 kg evaporated water (from the EDB-internal 0.185 kg-service-per-kg-water wrapper ratio). Inputs per kg service: 1.303 kWh electricity routed through BAFU 609058 (RER); 2.703 kg condenser make-up water (BAFU 227940); -0.5760 kg berry-pomace co-product treated via BAFU 286849 anaerobic digestion (economic allocation). Calculated processing GWP = 0.3880 kg CO2eq/kg service. Per-kg-water intensities follow the sister evaporated-water entries in this domain (BREF heat-pump vacuum at 1.37 MJ/kg water + Mujumdar vacuum-pump 0.135 kWh/kg water). License: open BREF, Mansour 2025, Mujumdar 2014, BAFU OGD; no proprietary data." }, "repl_cd46f6589ac75e19": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/34c728ecfe3542588da05633096926f6_copy1", "name": "berry vacuum drying service, per kg fresh berries", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_berries_vacuum_drying_service_RoW" }, "sediment": { "intent": "berries processing, vacuum drying, RoW", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6195" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A048T" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "processingAidUnspecified" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RoW", "name": "Rest of World" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03544451", "name": "44510 - processing aids (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_berries_vacuum_drying_service_RoW" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. OGD BAFU/UVEK data plus open literature (BREF, Mansour 2025, Mujumdar 2014); no proprietary flow data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram berry vacuum drying service, per kg fresh berries built from 2 other input, 1 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram berry vacuum drying service, per kg fresh berries", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) berries processing, vacuum drying (RoW): Pattern A composite LCI for industrial heat-pump-assisted berry vacuum drying. Functional unit = 1 kg of processing service, equivalent to 5.405 kg evaporated water (from the EDB-internal 0.185 kg-service-per-kg-water wrapper ratio). Inputs per kg service: 1.303 kWh electricity routed through BAFU 293801 (RoW); 2.703 kg condenser make-up water (BAFU 227940); -0.5760 kg berry-pomace co-product treated via BAFU 286849 anaerobic digestion (economic allocation). Calculated processing GWP = 0.7265 kg CO2eq/kg service. Per-kg-water intensities follow the sister evaporated-water entries in this domain (BREF heat-pump vacuum at 1.37 MJ/kg water + Mujumdar vacuum-pump 0.135 kWh/kg water). License: open BREF, Mansour 2025, Mujumdar 2014, BAFU OGD; no proprietary data.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 2.702703, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid (GLO)", "amount": 1.302703, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation", "amount": -0.576, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "berries processing, vacuum drying (RoW): Pattern A composite LCI for industrial heat-pump-assisted berry vacuum drying. Functional unit = 1 kg of processing service, equivalent to 5.405 kg evaporated water (from the EDB-internal 0.185 kg-service-per-kg-water wrapper ratio). Inputs per kg service: 1.303 kWh electricity routed through BAFU 293801 (RoW); 2.703 kg condenser make-up water (BAFU 227940); -0.5760 kg berry-pomace co-product treated via BAFU 286849 anaerobic digestion (economic allocation). Calculated processing GWP = 0.7265 kg CO2eq/kg service. Per-kg-water intensities follow the sister evaporated-water entries in this domain (BREF heat-pump vacuum at 1.37 MJ/kg water + Mujumdar vacuum-pump 0.135 kWh/kg water). License: open BREF, Mansour 2025, Mujumdar 2014, BAFU OGD; no proprietary data." }, "repl_a3430dd733dd862d": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/34c728ecfe3542588da05633096926f6_copy2", "name": "berry vacuum drying service, per kg fresh berries", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_berries_vacuum_drying_service_BR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "berries processing, vacuum drying, BR", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6195" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A048T" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "processingAidUnspecified" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "BR", "name": "Brazil" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03544451", "name": "44510 - processing aids (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_berries_vacuum_drying_service_BR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. OGD BAFU/UVEK data plus open literature (BREF, Mansour 2025, Mujumdar 2014); no proprietary flow data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.8, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram berry vacuum drying service, per kg fresh berries built from 2 other input, 1 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram berry vacuum drying service, per kg fresh berries", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) berries processing, vacuum drying (BR): Pattern A composite LCI for industrial heat-pump-assisted berry vacuum drying. Functional unit = 1 kg of processing service, equivalent to 5.405 kg evaporated water (from the EDB-internal 0.185 kg-service-per-kg-water wrapper ratio). Inputs per kg service: 1.303 kWh electricity routed through BAFU 235155 (BR); 2.703 kg condenser make-up water (BAFU 227940); -0.5760 kg berry-pomace co-product treated via BAFU 286849 anaerobic digestion (economic allocation). Calculated processing GWP = 0.1055 kg CO2eq/kg service. Per-kg-water intensities follow the sister evaporated-water entries in this domain (BREF heat-pump vacuum at 1.37 MJ/kg water + Mujumdar vacuum-pump 0.135 kWh/kg water). License: open BREF, Mansour 2025, Mujumdar 2014, BAFU OGD; no proprietary data.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 2.702703, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid (BR)", "amount": 1.302703, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation", "amount": -0.576, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "berries processing, vacuum drying (BR): Pattern A composite LCI for industrial heat-pump-assisted berry vacuum drying. Functional unit = 1 kg of processing service, equivalent to 5.405 kg evaporated water (from the EDB-internal 0.185 kg-service-per-kg-water wrapper ratio). Inputs per kg service: 1.303 kWh electricity routed through BAFU 235155 (BR); 2.703 kg condenser make-up water (BAFU 227940); -0.5760 kg berry-pomace co-product treated via BAFU 286849 anaerobic digestion (economic allocation). Calculated processing GWP = 0.1055 kg CO2eq/kg service. Per-kg-water intensities follow the sister evaporated-water entries in this domain (BREF heat-pump vacuum at 1.37 MJ/kg water + Mujumdar vacuum-pump 0.135 kWh/kg water). License: open BREF, Mansour 2025, Mujumdar 2014, BAFU OGD; no proprietary data." }, "repl_0d8f1cc492867d8d": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003116897", "name": "Water evaporation, vacuum rotary food drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vacuum_rotary_water_evaporation_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Vacuum rotary drying service, 1 kg water evaporated, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2014", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vacuum_rotary_water_evaporation_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "rotary_dryer_specific_energy_midpoint", "electric_vacuum_dryer" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Water evaporation, vacuum rotary food drying built from 1 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Water evaporation, vacuum rotary food drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Vacuum rotary drying-service Agribalyse foreground root resolved to the open electric support activity: 6.9 MJ/kg water (Sanjuan et al. 2014 Table S8 midpoint, including vacuum pump and controls) delivered as FR medium-voltage electricity. Energy-derived CO2 flows through the BAFU electricity technosphere exchange; no fossil CO2 residual or back-solved GWP correction is added.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 1.916667, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Vacuum rotary drying-service Agribalyse foreground root resolved to the open electric support activity: 6.9 MJ/kg water (Sanjuan et al. 2014 Table S8 midpoint, including vacuum pump and controls) delivered as FR medium-voltage electricity. Energy-derived CO2 flows through the BAFU electricity technosphere exchange; no fossil CO2 residual or back-solved GWP correction is added." }, "repl_9f13449ad096fde4": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003116458", "name": "80% salted vegetable-fat margarine PP tub packaging", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_80_salted_FR_at_packaging" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Vegetable fat (like margarine), 80% fat, salted, processed in FR | Chilled | Pack | at packaging {FR} U, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F7C", "name": "Margarine and similar products" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540469", "name": "04690 - vegetable fern (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_80_salted_FR_at_packaging" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "nilsson_fr_oil_blend_scaled_to_80pct_fat", "palm_palm_kernel_mix_split_50_50_proxy", "minor_additives_not_available", "wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "pp_tub_mass_estimate", "chilled_distribution_proxy", "retail_chilled_electricity_proxy" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open product labels, public literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram 80% salted vegetable-fat margarine PP tub packaging built from 1 processing input, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram 80% salted vegetable-fat margarine PP tub packaging", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based 80% salted vegetable-fat margarine stage composite for the Agribalyse chilled PP chain. The formulation is built from Nilsson et al. French margarine oil rows scaled to 80% fat and open French/professional product-label constraints, not Agribalyse flows. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. Parent AGRIBALU scoring must use the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides because support-database import strips some cross-support inputs from food_processing_lci activities.", "line_items": [ { "name": "80% salted vegetable-fat margarine, at plant", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polypropylene granulate, PP margarine tub and lid", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polyethylene/polypropylene tub and lid to municipal waste incineration", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based 80% salted vegetable-fat margarine stage composite for the Agribalyse chilled PP chain. The formulation is built from Nilsson et al. French margarine oil rows scaled to 80% fat and open French/professional product-label constraints, not Agribalyse flows. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. Parent AGRIBALU scoring must use the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides because support-database import strips some cross-support inputs from food_processing_lci activities." }, "repl_1a16ec04d05bc9ed": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003116457", "name": "80% salted vegetable-fat margarine chilled distribution", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_80_salted_FR_at_distribution" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Vegetable fat (like margarine), 80% fat, salted, processed in FR | Chilled | Pack | at distribution {FR} U, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F7C", "name": "Margarine and similar products" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540469", "name": "04690 - vegetable fern (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_80_salted_FR_at_distribution" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "nilsson_fr_oil_blend_scaled_to_80pct_fat", "palm_palm_kernel_mix_split_50_50_proxy", "minor_additives_not_available", "wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "pp_tub_mass_estimate", "chilled_distribution_proxy", "retail_chilled_electricity_proxy" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open product labels, public literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram 80% salted vegetable-fat margarine chilled distribution built from 1 processing input, 1 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram 80% salted vegetable-fat margarine chilled distribution", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based 80% salted vegetable-fat margarine stage composite for the Agribalyse chilled PP chain. The formulation is built from Nilsson et al. French margarine oil rows scaled to 80% fat and open French/professional product-label constraints, not Agribalyse flows. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. Parent AGRIBALU scoring must use the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides because support-database import strips some cross-support inputs from food_processing_lci activities.", "line_items": [ { "name": "80% salted vegetable-fat margarine, PP tub, packaged", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "chilled distribution transport, 16-32 t lorry with 20% refrigeration surcharge", "amount": 0.6, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based 80% salted vegetable-fat margarine stage composite for the Agribalyse chilled PP chain. The formulation is built from Nilsson et al. French margarine oil rows scaled to 80% fat and open French/professional product-label constraints, not Agribalyse flows. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. Parent AGRIBALU scoring must use the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides because support-database import strips some cross-support inputs from food_processing_lci activities." }, "repl_8f7ec7ba759546f0": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003116459", "name": "80% salted vegetable-fat margarine chilled supermarket", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_80_salted_FR_at_supermarket" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Vegetable fat (like margarine), 80% fat, salted, processed in FR | Chilled | Pack | at supermarket {FR} U, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F7C", "name": "Margarine and similar products" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540469", "name": "04690 - vegetable fern (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_80_salted_FR_at_supermarket" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "nilsson_fr_oil_blend_scaled_to_80pct_fat", "palm_palm_kernel_mix_split_50_50_proxy", "minor_additives_not_available", "wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "pp_tub_mass_estimate", "chilled_distribution_proxy", "retail_chilled_electricity_proxy" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open product labels, public literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram 80% salted vegetable-fat margarine chilled supermarket built from 1 energy / processing, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram 80% salted vegetable-fat margarine chilled supermarket", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based 80% salted vegetable-fat margarine stage composite for the Agribalyse chilled PP chain. The formulation is built from Nilsson et al. French margarine oil rows scaled to 80% fat and open French/professional product-label constraints, not Agribalyse flows. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. Parent AGRIBALU scoring must use the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides because support-database import strips some cross-support inputs from food_processing_lci activities.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.08, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "80% salted vegetable-fat margarine, chilled, at distribution", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based 80% salted vegetable-fat margarine stage composite for the Agribalyse chilled PP chain. The formulation is built from Nilsson et al. French margarine oil rows scaled to 80% fat and open French/professional product-label constraints, not Agribalyse flows. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. Parent AGRIBALU scoring must use the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides because support-database import strips some cross-support inputs from food_processing_lci activities." }, "repl_cc52272c28c1073c": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003116460", "name": "80% salted vegetable-fat margarine no-preparation consumer stage", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_80_salted_FR_at_consumer_no_preparation" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Vegetable fat (like margarine), 80% fat, salted, processed in FR | Chilled | Pack | No preparation | at consumer {FR} [Ciqual code: 16614] U, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F7C", "name": "Margarine and similar products" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540469", "name": "04690 - vegetable fern (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_80_salted_FR_at_consumer_no_preparation" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "nilsson_fr_oil_blend_scaled_to_80pct_fat", "palm_palm_kernel_mix_split_50_50_proxy", "minor_additives_not_available", "wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "pp_tub_mass_estimate", "chilled_distribution_proxy", "retail_chilled_electricity_proxy" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts come from open product labels, public literature, BAFU/UVEK activities, local BAFU-compatible support activities, or original unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram 80% salted vegetable-fat margarine no-preparation consumer stage built from 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram 80% salted vegetable-fat margarine no-preparation consumer stage", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based 80% salted vegetable-fat margarine stage composite for the Agribalyse chilled PP chain. The formulation is built from Nilsson et al. French margarine oil rows scaled to 80% fat and open French/professional product-label constraints, not Agribalyse flows. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. Parent AGRIBALU scoring must use the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides because support-database import strips some cross-support inputs from food_processing_lci activities.", "line_items": [ { "name": "80% salted vegetable-fat margarine, chilled, at supermarket", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based 80% salted vegetable-fat margarine stage composite for the Agribalyse chilled PP chain. The formulation is built from Nilsson et al. French margarine oil rows scaled to 80% fat and open French/professional product-label constraints, not Agribalyse flows. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. The entry has no direct biosphere exchanges, so mapping-level p5/p95 bounds are not required. Parent AGRIBALU scoring must use the stage-specific metadata GWP values as tributary overrides because support-database import strips some cross-support inputs from food_processing_lci activities." }, "repl_6d441534cb403eb3": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003116491", "name": "30-40% vegetable-fat margarine, at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116491" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Vegetable-fat margarine, 30-40% fat, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F7C", "name": "Margarine and similar products" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540469", "name": "04690 - vegetable fern (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116491" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "fat_band_scaled_from_declared_midpoint", "generic_oil_blend_underestimates_specialty_oils", "minor_additives_not_available", "wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All amounts from open product labels, public literature, BAFU/UVEK activities and unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram 30-40% vegetable-fat margarine, at plant built from 3 energy / processing, 4 other input, 1 seed.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram 30-40% vegetable-fat margarine, at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.081944, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.749, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 0.016, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.645, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rape oil, at oil mill (BAFU 286928, RER)", "amount": 0.1225, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "refined sunflower seed oil, food_processing_lci cascade", "amount": 0.105, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.105 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.105 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm oil, at oil mill (BAFU 355337, MY)", "amount": 0.04375, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm kernel oil, at oil mill (BAFU 260819, MY)", "amount": 0.07875, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input." }, "repl_cabfa82889952ece": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003116496", "name": "30-40% vegetable-fat margarine, at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116496" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Vegetable-fat margarine, 30-40% fat, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F7C", "name": "Margarine and similar products" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540469", "name": "04690 - vegetable fern (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116496" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "fat_band_scaled_from_declared_midpoint", "generic_oil_blend_underestimates_specialty_oils", "minor_additives_not_available", "wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All amounts from open product labels, public literature, BAFU/UVEK activities and unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram 30-40% vegetable-fat margarine, at plant built from 3 energy / processing, 4 other input, 1 seed.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram 30-40% vegetable-fat margarine, at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.081944, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.749, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 0.016, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.645, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rape oil, at oil mill (BAFU 286928, RER)", "amount": 0.1225, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "refined sunflower seed oil, food_processing_lci cascade", "amount": 0.105, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.105 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.105 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm oil, at oil mill (BAFU 355337, MY)", "amount": 0.04375, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm kernel oil, at oil mill (BAFU 260819, MY)", "amount": 0.07875, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input." }, "repl_7877821af23f9f5b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003116481", "name": "30-40% vegetable-fat margarine, at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116481" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Vegetable-fat margarine, 30-40% fat, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F7C", "name": "Margarine and similar products" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540469", "name": "04690 - vegetable fern (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116481" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "fat_band_scaled_from_declared_midpoint", "generic_oil_blend_underestimates_specialty_oils", "minor_additives_not_available", "wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All amounts from open product labels, public literature, BAFU/UVEK activities and unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram 30-40% vegetable-fat margarine, at plant built from 3 energy / processing, 5 other input, 1 seed.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram 30-40% vegetable-fat margarine, at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.081944, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.749, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 0.016, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.641, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rape oil, at oil mill (BAFU 286928, RER)", "amount": 0.1225, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "refined sunflower seed oil, food_processing_lci cascade", "amount": 0.105, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.105 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.105 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm oil, at oil mill (BAFU 355337, MY)", "amount": 0.04375, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm kernel oil, at oil mill (BAFU 260819, MY)", "amount": 0.07875, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sodium chloride powder (BAFU 139127, RER)", "amount": 0.004, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input." }, "repl_2df66dd4176ce73c": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003116488", "name": "30-40% vegetable-fat margarine, at packaging", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116488" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Vegetable-fat margarine, 30-40% fat, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F7C", "name": "Margarine and similar products" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540469", "name": "04690 - vegetable fern (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116488" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "fat_band_scaled_from_declared_midpoint", "generic_oil_blend_underestimates_specialty_oils", "minor_additives_not_available", "wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All amounts from open product labels, public literature, BAFU/UVEK activities and unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram 30-40% vegetable-fat margarine, at packaging built from 3 energy / processing, 7 other input, 1 seed.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram 30-40% vegetable-fat margarine, at packaging", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.081944, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.749, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 0.016, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.641, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rape oil, at oil mill (BAFU 286928, RER)", "amount": 0.1225, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "refined sunflower seed oil, food_processing_lci cascade", "amount": 0.105, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.105 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.105 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm oil, at oil mill (BAFU 355337, MY)", "amount": 0.04375, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm kernel oil, at oil mill (BAFU 260819, MY)", "amount": 0.07875, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sodium chloride powder (BAFU 139127, RER)", "amount": 0.004, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polypropylene granulate, PP margarine tub and lid", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polyethylene/polypropylene tub and lid to municipal waste incineration", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 7, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input." }, "repl_fc0332514d96914f": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003116501", "name": "50-63% vegetable-fat margarine, at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116501" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Vegetable-fat margarine, 50-63% fat, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F7C", "name": "Margarine and similar products" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540469", "name": "04690 - vegetable fern (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116501" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "fat_band_scaled_from_declared_midpoint", "generic_oil_blend_underestimates_specialty_oils", "minor_additives_not_available", "wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All amounts from open product labels, public literature, BAFU/UVEK activities and unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram 50-63% vegetable-fat margarine, at plant built from 3 energy / processing, 5 other input, 1 seed.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram 50-63% vegetable-fat margarine, at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.081944, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.749, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 0.016, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.426, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rape oil, at oil mill (BAFU 286928, RER)", "amount": 0.19775, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "refined sunflower seed oil, food_processing_lci cascade", "amount": 0.1695, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.1695 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.1695 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm oil, at oil mill (BAFU 355337, MY)", "amount": 0.070625, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm kernel oil, at oil mill (BAFU 260819, MY)", "amount": 0.127125, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sodium chloride powder (BAFU 139127, RER)", "amount": 0.004, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input." }, "repl_fa2f9777ab6a1457": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003116463", "name": "50-63% vegetable-fat margarine, at packaging", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116463" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Vegetable-fat margarine, 50-63% fat, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F7C", "name": "Margarine and similar products" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540469", "name": "04690 - vegetable fern (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116463" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "fat_band_scaled_from_declared_midpoint", "generic_oil_blend_underestimates_specialty_oils", "minor_additives_not_available", "wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All amounts from open product labels, public literature, BAFU/UVEK activities and unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram 50-63% vegetable-fat margarine, at packaging built from 3 energy / processing, 7 other input, 1 seed.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram 50-63% vegetable-fat margarine, at packaging", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.081944, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.749, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 0.016, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.426, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rape oil, at oil mill (BAFU 286928, RER)", "amount": 0.19775, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "refined sunflower seed oil, food_processing_lci cascade", "amount": 0.1695, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.1695 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.1695 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm oil, at oil mill (BAFU 355337, MY)", "amount": 0.070625, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm kernel oil, at oil mill (BAFU 260819, MY)", "amount": 0.127125, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sodium chloride powder (BAFU 139127, RER)", "amount": 0.004, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polypropylene granulate, PP margarine tub and lid", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polyethylene/polypropylene tub and lid to municipal waste incineration", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 7, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input." }, "repl_3082c6205dc64721": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003116511", "name": "50-63% vegetable-fat margarine, at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116511" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Vegetable-fat margarine, 50-63% fat, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F7C", "name": "Margarine and similar products" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540469", "name": "04690 - vegetable fern (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116511" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "fat_band_scaled_from_declared_midpoint", "generic_oil_blend_underestimates_specialty_oils", "minor_additives_not_available", "wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All amounts from open product labels, public literature, BAFU/UVEK activities and unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram 50-63% vegetable-fat margarine, at plant built from 3 energy / processing, 4 other input, 1 seed.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram 50-63% vegetable-fat margarine, at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.081944, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.749, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 0.016, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.43, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rape oil, at oil mill (BAFU 286928, RER)", "amount": 0.19775, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "refined sunflower seed oil, food_processing_lci cascade", "amount": 0.1695, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.1695 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.1695 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm oil, at oil mill (BAFU 355337, MY)", "amount": 0.070625, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm kernel oil, at oil mill (BAFU 260819, MY)", "amount": 0.127125, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input." }, "repl_23c5771d98e16107": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003116508", "name": "50-63% vegetable-fat margarine, at packaging", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116508" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Vegetable-fat margarine, 50-63% fat, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F7C", "name": "Margarine and similar products" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540469", "name": "04690 - vegetable fern (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116508" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "fat_band_scaled_from_declared_midpoint", "generic_oil_blend_underestimates_specialty_oils", "minor_additives_not_available", "wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All amounts from open product labels, public literature, BAFU/UVEK activities and unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram 50-63% vegetable-fat margarine, at packaging built from 3 energy / processing, 6 other input, 1 seed.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram 50-63% vegetable-fat margarine, at packaging", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.081944, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.749, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 0.016, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.43, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rape oil, at oil mill (BAFU 286928, RER)", "amount": 0.19775, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "refined sunflower seed oil, food_processing_lci cascade", "amount": 0.1695, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.1695 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.1695 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm oil, at oil mill (BAFU 355337, MY)", "amount": 0.070625, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm kernel oil, at oil mill (BAFU 260819, MY)", "amount": 0.127125, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polypropylene granulate, PP margarine tub and lid", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polyethylene/polypropylene tub and lid to municipal waste incineration", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input." }, "repl_790d30c6860736f8": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003116517", "name": "50-63% vegetable-fat margarine, at packaging", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116517" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Vegetable-fat margarine, 50-63% fat, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F7C", "name": "Margarine and similar products" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540469", "name": "04690 - vegetable fern (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116517" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "fat_band_scaled_from_declared_midpoint", "generic_oil_blend_underestimates_specialty_oils", "minor_additives_not_available", "wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All amounts from open product labels, public literature, BAFU/UVEK activities and unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram 50-63% vegetable-fat margarine, at packaging built from 3 energy / processing, 6 other input, 1 seed.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram 50-63% vegetable-fat margarine, at packaging", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.081944, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.749, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 0.016, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.43, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rape oil, at oil mill (BAFU 286928, RER)", "amount": 0.19775, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "refined sunflower seed oil, food_processing_lci cascade", "amount": 0.1695, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.1695 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.1695 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm oil, at oil mill (BAFU 355337, MY)", "amount": 0.070625, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm kernel oil, at oil mill (BAFU 260819, MY)", "amount": 0.127125, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polypropylene granulate, PP margarine tub and lid", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polyethylene/polypropylene tub and lid to municipal waste incineration", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input." }, "repl_3b09c6c17e52311c": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003116466", "name": "60% vegetable-fat margarine, at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116466" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Vegetable-fat margarine, 60% fat, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F7C", "name": "Margarine and similar products" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540469", "name": "04690 - vegetable fern (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116466" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "fat_band_scaled_from_declared_midpoint", "generic_oil_blend_underestimates_specialty_oils", "minor_additives_not_available", "wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All amounts from open product labels, public literature, BAFU/UVEK activities and unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram 60% vegetable-fat margarine, at plant built from 3 energy / processing, 4 other input, 1 seed.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram 60% vegetable-fat margarine, at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.081944, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.749, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 0.016, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.395, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rape oil, at oil mill (BAFU 286928, RER)", "amount": 0.21, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "refined sunflower seed oil, food_processing_lci cascade", "amount": 0.18, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.18 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.18 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm oil, at oil mill (BAFU 355337, MY)", "amount": 0.075, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm kernel oil, at oil mill (BAFU 260819, MY)", "amount": 0.135, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input." }, "repl_4825cf9742b2c06e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003116471", "name": "70% vegetable-fat margarine, at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116471" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Vegetable-fat margarine, 70% fat, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F7C", "name": "Margarine and similar products" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540469", "name": "04690 - vegetable fern (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116471" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "fat_band_scaled_from_declared_midpoint", "generic_oil_blend_underestimates_specialty_oils", "minor_additives_not_available", "wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All amounts from open product labels, public literature, BAFU/UVEK activities and unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram 70% vegetable-fat margarine, at plant built from 3 energy / processing, 4 other input, 1 seed.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram 70% vegetable-fat margarine, at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.081944, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.749, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 0.016, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.295, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rape oil, at oil mill (BAFU 286928, RER)", "amount": 0.245, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "refined sunflower seed oil, food_processing_lci cascade", "amount": 0.21, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.21 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.21 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm oil, at oil mill (BAFU 355337, MY)", "amount": 0.0875, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm kernel oil, at oil mill (BAFU 260819, MY)", "amount": 0.1575, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input." }, "repl_cb66395bfb79ac14": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003116478", "name": "80% vegetable-fat margarine, at packaging", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116478" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Vegetable-fat margarine, 80% fat, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F7C", "name": "Margarine and similar products" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540469", "name": "04690 - vegetable fern (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_fat_margarine_fr_3116478" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "agribalyse_root_substitution", "pattern_a_composite_lci", "fat_band_scaled_from_declared_midpoint", "generic_oil_blend_underestimates_specialty_oils", "minor_additives_not_available", "wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All amounts from open product labels, public literature, BAFU/UVEK activities and unit conversions. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level amounts were used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram 80% vegetable-fat margarine, at packaging built from 3 energy / processing, 6 other input, 1 seed.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram 80% vegetable-fat margarine, at packaging", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.081944, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.749, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 0.016, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.195, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rape oil, at oil mill (BAFU 286928, RER)", "amount": 0.28, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "refined sunflower seed oil, food_processing_lci cascade", "amount": 0.24, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.24 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.24 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm oil, at oil mill (BAFU 355337, MY)", "amount": 0.1, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm kernel oil, at oil mill (BAFU 260819, MY)", "amount": 0.18, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polypropylene granulate, PP margarine tub and lid", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polyethylene/polypropylene tub and lid to municipal waste incineration", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Fat-band vegetable-fat margarine composite. The generic Nilsson oil blend is scaled to the declared fat-band midpoint (a public label property), giving a process-based GWP that replaces the 80%-fat proxy the federated matcher assigned. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2. The generic blend under-estimates specialty (olive / omega-3) recipes by the same margin already accepted for the 80% product. Parent AGRIBALU scoring uses metadata.gwp_this_entry because support-DB import strips the cross-support sunflower oil input." }, "repl_78bb3bab317924a9": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003101617", "name": "50-63% animal-and-vegetable blended spread, at distribution", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_blended_fat_spread_fr_3101617" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Blended animal-and-vegetable spread, 50-63% fat, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F7C", "name": "Margarine and similar products" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540469", "name": "04690 - vegetable fern (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "replacement_kind": "resolved", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_blended_fat_spread_fr_3101617" }, "note": "Process-based blended animal-and-vegetable spread reconstruction. Declared fat-band midpoint and a documented blended-spread milk-fat-share assumption determine the recipe; no exchange amount is calibrated to the comparison GWP.", "build_params": { "fat_band": "50_63", "stage": "at_distribution", "milk_fat_share_of_total_fat": 0.3, "butter_fat_fraction": 0.82 } }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram 50-63% animal-and-vegetable blended spread, at distribution built from 3 energy / processing, 8 other input, 1 seed, 1 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram 50-63% animal-and-vegetable blended spread, at distribution", "derivation": "1 kg blended spread at declared Agribalyse stage Animal-and-vegetable blended-fat spread composite. The product is not routed to plant-only 80% margarine. The physical recipe uses the declared fat-band midpoint, dairy_lci butter for the milk-fat component, the Nilsson French vegetable-oil blend for the vegetable fat component, and stage-specific PP/cold-chain inputs. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.081944, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.749, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 0.016, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.426, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "butter, conventional, 82% fat, dairy_lci European reconstruction", "amount": 0.206707, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.206707 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "dairy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.206707 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rape oil, at oil mill (BAFU 286928, RER)", "amount": 0.138425, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "refined sunflower seed oil, food_processing_lci cascade", "amount": 0.11865, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.11865 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.11865 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm oil, at oil mill (BAFU 355337, MY)", "amount": 0.049438, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm kernel oil, at oil mill (BAFU 260819, MY)", "amount": 0.088987, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sodium chloride powder (BAFU 139127, RER)", "amount": 0.004, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polypropylene granulate, PP margarine tub and lid", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polyethylene/polypropylene tub and lid to municipal waste incineration", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "chilled distribution transport, 16-32 t lorry with 20% refrigeration surcharge", "amount": 0.6, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 8, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg blended spread at declared Agribalyse stage", "boundary": "Processing, retained water, PP packaging and chilled downstream stage components when named in the reference product. Upstream milk burden is delegated to lci-dairy; crop production for oils is delegated to BAFU/local oil activities. Consumer preparation is zero for no-preparation records.", "luc": "No direct land-use-change biosphere exchange is authored in this processing tributary.", "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "Agribalyse root reference product and food-processing tributary contract are per kg product." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + Eaternity tributary closure — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION. Verified ecoinvent-free at export (license footnote, not a headline).", "citations": [ { "handle": "gpeMDA-2005-spreadable-fats", "text": "GPEMDA (2005) Specification technique B3-07-05, matieres grasses tartinables." }, { "handle": "eu-1308-2013", "text": "Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013, Annex VII Part VII, spreadable fats." }, { "handle": "nilsson-2010-margarine-butter", "text": "Nilsson et al. (2010) Comparative life cycle assessment of margarine and butter consumed in the UK, Germany and France." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2025", "text": "Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." } ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "dqr_tuple": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Animal-and-vegetable blended-fat spread composite. The product is not routed to plant-only 80% margarine. The physical recipe uses the declared fat-band midpoint, dairy_lci butter for the milk-fat component, the Nilsson French vegetable-oil blend for the vegetable fat component, and stage-specific PP/cold-chain inputs. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2." }, "repl_54792ba19e58c219": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003101618", "name": "50-63% animal-and-vegetable blended spread, at packaging", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_blended_fat_spread_fr_3101618" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Blended animal-and-vegetable spread, 50-63% fat, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F7C", "name": "Margarine and similar products" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540469", "name": "04690 - vegetable fern (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "replacement_kind": "resolved", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_blended_fat_spread_fr_3101618" }, "note": "Process-based blended animal-and-vegetable spread reconstruction. Declared fat-band midpoint and a documented blended-spread milk-fat-share assumption determine the recipe; no exchange amount is calibrated to the comparison GWP.", "build_params": { "fat_band": "50_63", "stage": "at_packaging", "milk_fat_share_of_total_fat": 0.3, "butter_fat_fraction": 0.82 } }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram 50-63% animal-and-vegetable blended spread, at packaging built from 3 energy / processing, 8 other input, 1 seed.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram 50-63% animal-and-vegetable blended spread, at packaging", "derivation": "1 kg blended spread at declared Agribalyse stage Animal-and-vegetable blended-fat spread composite. The product is not routed to plant-only 80% margarine. The physical recipe uses the declared fat-band midpoint, dairy_lci butter for the milk-fat component, the Nilsson French vegetable-oil blend for the vegetable fat component, and stage-specific PP/cold-chain inputs. 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Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2." }, "repl_b796dab153041172": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003101620", "name": "50-63% animal-and-vegetable blended spread, at consumer no preparation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_blended_fat_spread_fr_3101620" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Blended animal-and-vegetable spread, 50-63% fat, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F7C", "name": "Margarine and similar products" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540469", "name": "04690 - vegetable fern (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "replacement_kind": "resolved", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_blended_fat_spread_fr_3101620" }, "note": "Process-based blended animal-and-vegetable spread reconstruction. 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Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2." }, "repl_bd2590f31cee8417": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003101631", "name": "30-40% animal-and-vegetable blended spread, at distribution", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_blended_fat_spread_fr_3101631" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Blended animal-and-vegetable spread, 30-40% fat, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F7C", "name": "Margarine and similar products" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540469", "name": "04690 - vegetable fern (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "replacement_kind": "resolved", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_blended_fat_spread_fr_3101631" }, "note": "Process-based blended animal-and-vegetable spread reconstruction. 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amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sodium chloride powder (BAFU 139127, RER)", "amount": 0.004, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polypropylene granulate, PP margarine tub and lid", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polyethylene/polypropylene tub and lid to municipal waste incineration", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "chilled distribution transport, 16-32 t lorry with 20% refrigeration surcharge", "amount": 0.6, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 8, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg blended spread at declared Agribalyse stage", "boundary": "Processing, retained water, PP packaging and chilled downstream stage components when named in the reference product. Upstream milk burden is delegated to lci-dairy; crop production for oils is delegated to BAFU/local oil activities. Consumer preparation is zero for no-preparation records.", "luc": "No direct land-use-change biosphere exchange is authored in this processing tributary.", "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "Agribalyse root reference product and food-processing tributary contract are per kg product." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + Eaternity tributary closure — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION. Verified ecoinvent-free at export (license footnote, not a headline).", "citations": [ { "handle": "gpeMDA-2005-spreadable-fats", "text": "GPEMDA (2005) Specification technique B3-07-05, matieres grasses tartinables." }, { "handle": "eu-1308-2013", "text": "Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013, Annex VII Part VII, spreadable fats." }, { "handle": "nilsson-2010-margarine-butter", "text": "Nilsson et al. (2010) Comparative life cycle assessment of margarine and butter consumed in the UK, Germany and France." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2025", "text": "Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." } ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "dqr_tuple": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Animal-and-vegetable blended-fat spread composite. The product is not routed to plant-only 80% margarine. The physical recipe uses the declared fat-band midpoint, dairy_lci butter for the milk-fat component, the Nilsson French vegetable-oil blend for the vegetable fat component, and stage-specific PP/cold-chain inputs. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2." }, "repl_56be090bdb41ff69": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU/AGRIBALU000000003101634", "name": "30-40% animal-and-vegetable blended spread, at consumer no preparation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_blended_fat_spread_fr_3101634" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Blended animal-and-vegetable spread, 30-40% fat, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0F7C", "name": "Margarine and similar products" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540469", "name": "04690 - vegetable fern (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "replacement_kind": "resolved", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_blended_fat_spread_fr_3101634" }, "note": "Process-based blended animal-and-vegetable spread reconstruction. Declared fat-band midpoint and a documented blended-spread milk-fat-share assumption determine the recipe; no exchange amount is calibrated to the comparison GWP.", "build_params": { "fat_band": "30_40", "stage": "at_consumer_no_preparation", "milk_fat_share_of_total_fat": 0.3, "butter_fat_fraction": 0.82 } }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram 30-40% animal-and-vegetable blended spread, at consumer no preparation built from 3 energy / processing, 8 other input, 1 seed, 1 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram 30-40% animal-and-vegetable blended spread, at consumer no preparation", "derivation": "1 kg blended spread at declared Agribalyse stage Animal-and-vegetable blended-fat spread composite. The product is not routed to plant-only 80% margarine. The physical recipe uses the declared fat-band midpoint, dairy_lci butter for the milk-fat component, the Nilsson French vegetable-oil blend for the vegetable fat component, and stage-specific PP/cold-chain inputs. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.161944, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.749, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.749 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.749 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW (RER)", "amount": 0.016, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.641, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "butter, conventional, 82% fat, dairy_lci European reconstruction", "amount": 0.128049, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.128049 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "dairy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.128049 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "rape oil, at oil mill (BAFU 286928, RER)", "amount": 0.08575, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "refined sunflower seed oil, food_processing_lci cascade", "amount": 0.0735, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.0735 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.0735 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm oil, at oil mill (BAFU 355337, MY)", "amount": 0.030625, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm kernel oil, at oil mill (BAFU 260819, MY)", "amount": 0.055125, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sodium chloride powder (BAFU 139127, RER)", "amount": 0.004, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polypropylene granulate, PP margarine tub and lid", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "polyethylene/polypropylene tub and lid to municipal waste incineration", "amount": 0.025, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "chilled distribution transport, 16-32 t lorry with 20% refrigeration surcharge", "amount": 0.6, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 8, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg blended spread at declared Agribalyse stage", "boundary": "Processing, retained water, PP packaging and chilled downstream stage components when named in the reference product. Upstream milk burden is delegated to lci-dairy; crop production for oils is delegated to BAFU/local oil activities. Consumer preparation is zero for no-preparation records.", "luc": "No direct land-use-change biosphere exchange is authored in this processing tributary.", "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "Agribalyse root reference product and food-processing tributary contract are per kg product." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + Eaternity tributary closure — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION. Verified ecoinvent-free at export (license footnote, not a headline).", "citations": [ { "handle": "gpeMDA-2005-spreadable-fats", "text": "GPEMDA (2005) Specification technique B3-07-05, matieres grasses tartinables." }, { "handle": "eu-1308-2013", "text": "Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013, Annex VII Part VII, spreadable fats." }, { "handle": "nilsson-2010-margarine-butter", "text": "Nilsson et al. (2010) Comparative life cycle assessment of margarine and butter consumed in the UK, Germany and France." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2025", "text": "Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." } ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "dqr_tuple": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Animal-and-vegetable blended-fat spread composite. The product is not routed to plant-only 80% margarine. The physical recipe uses the declared fat-band midpoint, dairy_lci butter for the milk-fat component, the Nilsson French vegetable-oil blend for the vegetable fat component, and stage-specific PP/cold-chain inputs. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges; no direct biosphere CO2." }, "repl_0b09c423c0e2e4f2": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/83d11194800045cebf4dff3529d117d3", "name": "dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_gluten_83d11194800045cebf4dff3529d117d3" }, "sediment": { "intent": "gluten, from wheat wet milling, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A036F", "name": "Wheat gluten" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543085", "name": "30850 - water-based desserts spoonable (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_gluten_83d11194800045cebf4dff3529d117d3" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy dry wheat gluten from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 2.12 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Gluten adds solubilisation (33.6) and drying (1022.1) after the slurry stage; drying alone is 61% of its total, which is why gluten is far heavier than starch or bran despite sharing one wet mill (Starch Europe wheat dry gluten: 1674.5 kg CO2eq/t DS). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.7599 kWh, natural gas 11.8806 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 1.6434 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 2.12). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.759877, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.759877 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.759877 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.759877 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.759877 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 11.880614, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 11.880614 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 11.880614 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 11.880614 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 11.880614 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains IP, at farm, DS-mass-allocated share", "amount": 0.980392, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "dry wheat gluten from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 2.12 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Gluten adds solubilisation (33.6) and drying (1022.1) after the slurry stage; drying alone is 61% of its total, which is why gluten is far heavier than starch or bran despite sharing one wet mill (Starch Europe wheat dry gluten: 1674.5 kg CO2eq/t DS). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.7599 kWh, natural gas 11.8806 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 1.6434 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 2.12). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_5b4a659f77c7c5e1": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy7", "name": "dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_gluten_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy7" }, "sediment": { "intent": "gluten, from wheat wet milling, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A036F", "name": "Wheat gluten" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543085", "name": "30850 - water-based desserts spoonable (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_gluten_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy7" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy dry wheat gluten from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 2.12 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Gluten adds solubilisation (33.6) and drying (1022.1) after the slurry stage; drying alone is 61% of its total, which is why gluten is far heavier than starch or bran despite sharing one wet mill (Starch Europe wheat dry gluten: 1674.5 kg CO2eq/t DS). Wet-mill co-product allocation: economic (name carries 'Blonk' — agri-footprint/Blonk allocates across co-products economically, so cheap bran carries far less than its mass share and valuable gluten far more). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 1.7631 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.7599 kWh, natural gas 11.8806 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 2.0502 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 2.12). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.759877, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.759877 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.759877 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.759877 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.759877 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 11.880614, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 11.880614 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 11.880614 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 11.880614 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 11.880614 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains IP, at farm, DS-mass-allocated share", "amount": 1.76311, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "dry wheat gluten from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 2.12 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Gluten adds solubilisation (33.6) and drying (1022.1) after the slurry stage; drying alone is 61% of its total, which is why gluten is far heavier than starch or bran despite sharing one wet mill (Starch Europe wheat dry gluten: 1674.5 kg CO2eq/t DS). Wet-mill co-product allocation: economic (name carries 'Blonk' — agri-footprint/Blonk allocates across co-products economically, so cheap bran carries far less than its mass share and valuable gluten far more). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 1.7631 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.7599 kWh, natural gas 11.8806 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 2.0502 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 2.12). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_e071b77db14de40a": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy16", "name": "dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_gluten_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy16" }, "sediment": { "intent": "gluten, from wheat wet milling, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A036F", "name": "Wheat gluten" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543085", "name": "30850 - water-based desserts spoonable (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_gluten_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy16" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy dry wheat gluten from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 2.12 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Gluten adds solubilisation (33.6) and drying (1022.1) after the slurry stage; drying alone is 61% of its total, which is why gluten is far heavier than starch or bran despite sharing one wet mill (Starch Europe wheat dry gluten: 1674.5 kg CO2eq/t DS). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.7599 kWh, natural gas 11.8806 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 1.6434 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 2.12). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.759877, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.759877 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.759877 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.759877 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.759877 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 11.880614, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 11.880614 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 11.880614 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 11.880614 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 11.880614 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains IP, at farm, DS-mass-allocated share", "amount": 0.980392, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "dry wheat gluten from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 2.12 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Gluten adds solubilisation (33.6) and drying (1022.1) after the slurry stage; drying alone is 61% of its total, which is why gluten is far heavier than starch or bran despite sharing one wet mill (Starch Europe wheat dry gluten: 1674.5 kg CO2eq/t DS). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.7599 kWh, natural gas 11.8806 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 1.6434 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 2.12). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_e196a3d8413ad709": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy5", "name": "dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling, organic", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_gluten_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy5" }, "sediment": { "intent": "gluten, organic, from wheat wet milling, organic, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A036F", "name": "Wheat gluten" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_4application", "name": "organic agriculture" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543085", "name": "30850 - water-based desserts spoonable (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_gluten_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy5" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling, organic built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling, organic", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy dry wheat gluten from wheat wet milling, organic (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 1.99 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Gluten adds solubilisation (33.6) and drying (1022.1) after the slurry stage; drying alone is 61% of its total, which is why gluten is far heavier than starch or bran despite sharing one wet mill (Starch Europe wheat dry gluten: 1674.5 kg CO2eq/t DS). Wet-mill co-product allocation: economic (name carries 'Blonk' — agri-footprint/Blonk allocates across co-products economically, so cheap bran carries far less than its mass share and valuable gluten far more). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 1.7631 kg (BAFU 177276), electricity 0.7599 kWh, natural gas 11.8806 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 1.9704 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 1.99). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.759877, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.759877 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.759877 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.759877 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.759877 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 11.880614, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 11.880614 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 11.880614 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 11.880614 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 11.880614 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains organic, at farm, DS-mass-allocated share", "amount": 1.76311, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "dry wheat gluten from wheat wet milling, organic (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 1.99 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Gluten adds solubilisation (33.6) and drying (1022.1) after the slurry stage; drying alone is 61% of its total, which is why gluten is far heavier than starch or bran despite sharing one wet mill (Starch Europe wheat dry gluten: 1674.5 kg CO2eq/t DS). Wet-mill co-product allocation: economic (name carries 'Blonk' — agri-footprint/Blonk allocates across co-products economically, so cheap bran carries far less than its mass share and valuable gluten far more). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 1.7631 kg (BAFU 177276), electricity 0.7599 kWh, natural gas 11.8806 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 1.9704 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 1.99). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_38f5fd1d49c4f35c": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy6", "name": "dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling, organic", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_gluten_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy6" }, "sediment": { "intent": "gluten, organic, from wheat wet milling, organic, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A036F", "name": "Wheat gluten" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_4application", "name": "organic agriculture" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543085", "name": "30850 - water-based desserts spoonable (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_gluten_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy6" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling, organic built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling, organic", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy dry wheat gluten from wheat wet milling, organic (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 1.98 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Gluten adds solubilisation (33.6) and drying (1022.1) after the slurry stage; drying alone is 61% of its total, which is why gluten is far heavier than starch or bran despite sharing one wet mill (Starch Europe wheat dry gluten: 1674.5 kg CO2eq/t DS). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 177276), electricity 0.7599 kWh, natural gas 11.8806 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 1.5990 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 1.98). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.759877, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.759877 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.759877 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.759877 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.759877 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 11.880614, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 11.880614 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 11.880614 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 11.880614 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 11.880614 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains organic, at farm, DS-mass-allocated share", "amount": 0.980392, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "dry wheat gluten from wheat wet milling, organic (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 1.98 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Gluten adds solubilisation (33.6) and drying (1022.1) after the slurry stage; drying alone is 61% of its total, which is why gluten is far heavier than starch or bran despite sharing one wet mill (Starch Europe wheat dry gluten: 1674.5 kg CO2eq/t DS). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 177276), electricity 0.7599 kWh, natural gas 11.8806 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 1.5990 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 1.98). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_3659b194b9a4d42c": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy3", "name": "dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_gluten_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy3" }, "sediment": { "intent": "gluten, from wheat wet milling, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A036F", "name": "Wheat gluten" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543085", "name": "30850 - water-based desserts spoonable (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_gluten_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy3" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy dry wheat gluten from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 1.65 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Gluten adds solubilisation (33.6) and drying (1022.1) after the slurry stage; drying alone is 61% of its total, which is why gluten is far heavier than starch or bran despite sharing one wet mill (Starch Europe wheat dry gluten: 1674.5 kg CO2eq/t DS). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: mass. Mass allocation splits the field burden ~evenly between grain and straw, so the grain input carries 0.5774 of the BAFU (economically allocated) anchor — Starch Europe §4.4 states mass allocation yields the lower impact. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.5661 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.7599 kWh, natural gas 11.8806 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 1.4280 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 1.65). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.759877, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.759877 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.759877 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.759877 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.759877 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 11.880614, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 11.880614 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 11.880614 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 11.880614 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 11.880614 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains IP, at farm, DS-mass-allocated share", "amount": 0.566111, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "dry wheat gluten from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 1.65 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Gluten adds solubilisation (33.6) and drying (1022.1) after the slurry stage; drying alone is 61% of its total, which is why gluten is far heavier than starch or bran despite sharing one wet mill (Starch Europe wheat dry gluten: 1674.5 kg CO2eq/t DS). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: mass. Mass allocation splits the field burden ~evenly between grain and straw, so the grain input carries 0.5774 of the BAFU (economically allocated) anchor — Starch Europe §4.4 states mass allocation yields the lower impact. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.5661 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.7599 kWh, natural gas 11.8806 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 1.4280 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 1.65). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_5e03f719402a52d7": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy22", "name": "dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling, without grain", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_gluten_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy22" }, "sediment": { "intent": "gluten, from wheat wet milling, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A036F", "name": "Wheat gluten" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543085", "name": "30850 - water-based desserts spoonable (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_gluten_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy22" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling, without grain built from 2 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling, without grain", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) dry wheat gluten from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.7 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Gluten adds solubilisation (33.6) and drying (1022.1) after the slurry stage; drying alone is 61% of its total, which is why gluten is far heavier than starch or bran despite sharing one wet mill (Starch Europe wheat dry gluten: 1674.5 kg CO2eq/t DS). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.0000 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.7599 kWh, natural gas 11.8806 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 1.1337 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.7). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.759877, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.759877 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.759877 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.759877 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.759877 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 11.880614, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 11.880614 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 11.880614 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 11.880614 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 11.880614 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "dry wheat gluten from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.7 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Gluten adds solubilisation (33.6) and drying (1022.1) after the slurry stage; drying alone is 61% of its total, which is why gluten is far heavier than starch or bran despite sharing one wet mill (Starch Europe wheat dry gluten: 1674.5 kg CO2eq/t DS). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.0000 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.7599 kWh, natural gas 11.8806 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 1.1337 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.7). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_a44870890a16eb4b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy9", "name": "wheat starch, wheat wet milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy9" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat starch, from wheat wet milling, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A035E", "name": "Wheat starch" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543061", "name": "30610 - nuts-seeds based halva (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy9" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy wheat starch from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.74 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: economic (name carries 'Blonk' — agri-footprint/Blonk allocates across co-products economically, so cheap bran carries far less than its mass share and valuable gluten far more). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 1.1302 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.8238 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.74). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.157214, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.458022, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains IP, at farm, DS-mass-allocated share", "amount": 1.130199, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "wheat starch from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.74 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: economic (name carries 'Blonk' — agri-footprint/Blonk allocates across co-products economically, so cheap bran carries far less than its mass share and valuable gluten far more). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 1.1302 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.8238 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.74). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_b6503dc690b6c830": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy15", "name": "wheat starch, wheat wet milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy15" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat starch, from wheat wet milling, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A035E", "name": "Wheat starch" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543061", "name": "30610 - nuts-seeds based halva (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy15" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy wheat starch from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.91 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.7460 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.91). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.157214, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.458022, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains IP, at farm, DS-mass-allocated share", "amount": 0.980392, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "wheat starch from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.91 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.7460 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.91). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_47e3a25517f8672b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy13", "name": "wheat starch, wheat wet milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy13" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat starch, from wheat wet milling, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A035E", "name": "Wheat starch" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543061", "name": "30610 - nuts-seeds based halva (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy13" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy wheat starch from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.63 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.7460 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.63). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.157214, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.458022, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains IP, at farm, DS-mass-allocated share", "amount": 0.980392, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "wheat starch from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.63 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.7460 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.63). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_7a4c9542837b8496": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy10", "name": "wheat starch, wheat wet milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy10" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat starch, from wheat wet milling, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A035E", "name": "Wheat starch" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543061", "name": "30610 - nuts-seeds based halva (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy10" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy wheat starch from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.58 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: mass. Mass allocation splits the field burden ~evenly between grain and straw, so the grain input carries 0.5774 of the BAFU (economically allocated) anchor — Starch Europe §4.4 states mass allocation yields the lower impact. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.5661 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.5306 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.58). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.157214, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.458022, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains IP, at farm, DS-mass-allocated share", "amount": 0.566111, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "wheat starch from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.58 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: mass. Mass allocation splits the field burden ~evenly between grain and straw, so the grain input carries 0.5774 of the BAFU (economically allocated) anchor — Starch Europe §4.4 states mass allocation yields the lower impact. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.5661 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.5306 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.58). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_05ef07aad338760d": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy11", "name": "wheat starch, wheat wet milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy11" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat starch, from wheat wet milling, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A035E", "name": "Wheat starch" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543061", "name": "30610 - nuts-seeds based halva (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy11" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy wheat starch from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 1.64 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: mass. Mass allocation splits the field burden ~evenly between grain and straw, so the grain input carries 0.5774 of the BAFU (economically allocated) anchor — Starch Europe §4.4 states mass allocation yields the lower impact. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.5661 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.5306 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 1.64). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.157214, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.458022, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains IP, at farm, DS-mass-allocated share", "amount": 0.566111, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "wheat starch from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 1.64 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: mass. Mass allocation splits the field burden ~evenly between grain and straw, so the grain input carries 0.5774 of the BAFU (economically allocated) anchor — Starch Europe §4.4 states mass allocation yields the lower impact. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.5661 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.5306 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 1.64). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_882a26fc0a9a4d8e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy27", "name": "wheat starch, wheat wet milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy27" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat starch, from wheat wet milling, RoW", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A035E", "name": "Wheat starch" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RoW", "name": "RoW" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543061", "name": "30610 - nuts-seeds based halva (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RoW", "name": "Rest of World", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy27" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy wheat starch from wheat wet milling (RoW). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.64 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 262037), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.8250 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.64). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.157214, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.458022, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "xx Wheat grains conventional, Barrois, at farm, DS-mass-allocated share", "amount": 0.980392, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "wheat starch from wheat wet milling (RoW). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.64 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 262037), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.8250 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.64). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_80660ee3dfe4380b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy28", "name": "wheat starch, wheat wet milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy28" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat starch, from wheat wet milling, RoW", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A035E", "name": "Wheat starch" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RoW", "name": "RoW" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543061", "name": "30610 - nuts-seeds based halva (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RoW", "name": "Rest of World", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy28" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy wheat starch from wheat wet milling (RoW). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 1.46 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 262037), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.8250 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 1.46). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.157214, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.458022, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "xx Wheat grains conventional, Barrois, at farm, DS-mass-allocated share", "amount": 0.980392, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "wheat starch from wheat wet milling (RoW). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 1.46 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 262037), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.8250 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 1.46). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_8956a9e8271dd982": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy8", "name": "wheat starch, wheat wet milling, organic", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy8" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat starch, organic, from wheat wet milling, organic, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A035E", "name": "Wheat starch" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_4application", "name": "organic agriculture" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543061", "name": "30610 - nuts-seeds based halva (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy8" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling, organic built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling, organic", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy wheat starch from wheat wet milling, organic (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.7 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: economic (name carries 'Blonk' — agri-footprint/Blonk allocates across co-products economically, so cheap bran carries far less than its mass share and valuable gluten far more). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 1.1302 kg (BAFU 177276), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.7727 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.7). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.157214, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.458022, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains organic, at farm, DS-mass-allocated share", "amount": 1.130199, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "wheat starch from wheat wet milling, organic (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.7 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: economic (name carries 'Blonk' — agri-footprint/Blonk allocates across co-products economically, so cheap bran carries far less than its mass share and valuable gluten far more). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 1.1302 kg (BAFU 177276), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.7727 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.7). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_1574a99d4bbc3142": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy12", "name": "wheat starch, wheat wet milling, organic", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy12" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat starch, organic, from wheat wet milling, organic, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A035E", "name": "Wheat starch" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_4application", "name": "organic agriculture" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543061", "name": "30610 - nuts-seeds based halva (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy12" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling, organic built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling, organic", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy wheat starch from wheat wet milling, organic (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.86 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 177276), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.7016 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.86). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.157214, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.458022, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains organic, at farm, DS-mass-allocated share", "amount": 0.980392, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "wheat starch from wheat wet milling, organic (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.86 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 177276), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.7016 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.86). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_fdd344cebfd044c1": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy14", "name": "wheat starch, wheat wet milling, organic", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy14" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat starch, organic, from wheat wet milling, organic, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A035E", "name": "Wheat starch" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_4application", "name": "organic agriculture" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543061", "name": "30610 - nuts-seeds based halva (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy14" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling, organic built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling, organic", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy wheat starch from wheat wet milling, organic (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.59 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 177276), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.7016 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.59). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.157214, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.458022, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains organic, at farm, DS-mass-allocated share", "amount": 0.980392, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "wheat starch from wheat wet milling, organic (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.59 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 177276), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.7016 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.59). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_0e9da80d57b43306": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/1819679ad9954b4282d50aec94d47958", "name": "wheat starch, wheat wet milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_1819679ad9954b4282d50aec94d47958" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat starch, from wheat wet milling, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A035E", "name": "Wheat starch" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543061", "name": "30610 - nuts-seeds based halva (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_1819679ad9954b4282d50aec94d47958" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy wheat starch from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.755 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.7460 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.755). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.157214, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.458022, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains IP, at farm, DS-mass-allocated share", "amount": 0.980392, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "wheat starch from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.755 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.7460 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.755). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_0cc7bbaea1e46051": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fecb4839e63c4d07bcf588f221d43232", "name": "wheat starch, wheat wet milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_fecb4839e63c4d07bcf588f221d43232" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat starch, from wheat wet milling, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A035E", "name": "Wheat starch" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543061", "name": "30610 - nuts-seeds based halva (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_fecb4839e63c4d07bcf588f221d43232" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy wheat starch from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.755 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.7460 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.755). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.157214, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.458022, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains IP, at farm, DS-mass-allocated share", "amount": 0.980392, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "wheat starch from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.755 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.7460 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.755). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_10dbf508d8b5a981": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fecb4839e63c4d07bcf588f221d43232_copy1", "name": "wheat starch, wheat wet milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_fecb4839e63c4d07bcf588f221d43232_copy1" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat starch, from wheat wet milling, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A035E", "name": "Wheat starch" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543061", "name": "30610 - nuts-seeds based halva (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_fecb4839e63c4d07bcf588f221d43232_copy1" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy wheat starch from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.773 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.7460 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.773). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.157214, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.458022, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains IP, at farm, DS-mass-allocated share", "amount": 0.980392, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "wheat starch from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.773 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: mass (DS mass allocation, Starch Europe practice — every co-product carries the same grain intensity). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.9804 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.7460 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.773). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_8f9ad39271afbc9b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy23", "name": "wheat starch, wheat wet milling, without grain", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy23" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat processing, to starch, from wheat wet milling, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A035E", "name": "Wheat starch" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543061", "name": "30610 - nuts-seeds based halva (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy23" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling, without grain built from 2 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat starch, wheat wet milling, without grain", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) wheat starch from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.28 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: economic (name carries 'Blonk' — agri-footprint/Blonk allocates across co-products economically, so cheap bran carries far less than its mass share and valuable gluten far more). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.0000 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.2363 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.28). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.157214, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.157214 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.157214 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.458022, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 2.458022 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.458022 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "wheat starch from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.28 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Native starch adds a finishing/drying step after the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat native starch: 776.7 kg CO2eq/t DS, of which 158.3 is the native-starch production stage). Wet-mill co-product allocation: economic (name carries 'Blonk' — agri-footprint/Blonk allocates across co-products economically, so cheap bran carries far less than its mass share and valuable gluten far more). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.0000 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.1572 kWh, natural gas 2.4580 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.2363 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.28). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_fc96ed347f6a524d": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy24", "name": "wheat bran, wheat wet milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_bran_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy24" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat bran, from wheat wet milling, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A005R", "name": "Wheat bran" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540166", "name": "01660 - gluten free bread (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_bran_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy24" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat bran, wheat wet milling built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat bran, wheat wet milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy wheat bran from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.31 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Bran leaves the shared starch-slurry step with no further processing, so it carries only its DS-mass-allocated share of grain plus the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat (loose) bran: 618.6 kg CO2eq/t DS). Wet-mill co-product allocation: economic (name carries 'Blonk' — agri-footprint/Blonk allocates across co-products economically, so cheap bran carries far less than its mass share and valuable gluten far more). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.2712 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.0509 kWh, natural gas 0.7959 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.2190 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.31). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.050905, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.050905 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.050905 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.050905 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.050905 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.795891, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.795891 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.795891 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.795891 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.795891 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains IP, at farm, DS-mass-allocated share", "amount": 0.271248, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 212.0, "protein_g": 4.1, "fat_g": 3.1, "saturated_fat_g": 0.3, "carbohydrates_g": 38.9, "sugars_g": 3.3, "fiber_g": 6.1, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.8712200000000001, "water_g": 46.9 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 212.0, 212.0 ], "protein_g": [ 4.1, 4.1 ], "fat_g": [ 3.1, 3.1 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.3, 0.3 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 38.9, 38.9 ], "sugars_g": [ 3.3, 3.3 ], "fiber_g": [ 6.1, 6.1 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.8712200000000001, 0.8712200000000001 ], "water_g": [ 46.9, 46.9 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Gluten free bread light", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.898, "embedding_distance": 0.102, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Gluten free bread' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "wheat bran from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.31 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Bran leaves the shared starch-slurry step with no further processing, so it carries only its DS-mass-allocated share of grain plus the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat (loose) bran: 618.6 kg CO2eq/t DS). Wet-mill co-product allocation: economic (name carries 'Blonk' — agri-footprint/Blonk allocates across co-products economically, so cheap bran carries far less than its mass share and valuable gluten far more). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.2712 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.0509 kWh, natural gas 0.7959 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.2190 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.31). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_ddfcb5f2027aede7": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy21", "name": "wheat bran, wheat wet milling, organic", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_bran_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy21" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat bran, organic, from wheat wet milling, organic, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A005R", "name": "Wheat bran" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_4application", "name": "organic agriculture" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540166", "name": "01660 - gluten free bread (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_bran_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy21" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat bran, wheat wet milling, organic built from 3 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat bran, wheat wet milling, organic", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy wheat bran from wheat wet milling, organic (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.28 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Bran leaves the shared starch-slurry step with no further processing, so it carries only its DS-mass-allocated share of grain plus the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat (loose) bran: 618.6 kg CO2eq/t DS). Wet-mill co-product allocation: economic (name carries 'Blonk' — agri-footprint/Blonk allocates across co-products economically, so cheap bran carries far less than its mass share and valuable gluten far more). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.2712 kg (BAFU 177276), electricity 0.0509 kWh, natural gas 0.7959 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.2068 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.28). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.050905, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.050905 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.050905 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.050905 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.050905 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.795891, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.795891 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.795891 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.795891 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.795891 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains organic, at farm, DS-mass-allocated share", "amount": 0.271248, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 212.0, "protein_g": 4.1, "fat_g": 3.1, "saturated_fat_g": 0.3, "carbohydrates_g": 38.9, "sugars_g": 3.3, "fiber_g": 6.1, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.8712200000000001, "water_g": 46.9 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 212.0, 212.0 ], "protein_g": [ 4.1, 4.1 ], "fat_g": [ 3.1, 3.1 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.3, 0.3 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 38.9, 38.9 ], "sugars_g": [ 3.3, 3.3 ], "fiber_g": [ 6.1, 6.1 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.8712200000000001, 0.8712200000000001 ], "water_g": [ 46.9, 46.9 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Gluten free bread light", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.898, "embedding_distance": 0.102, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Gluten free bread' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "wheat bran from wheat wet milling, organic (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.28 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Bran leaves the shared starch-slurry step with no further processing, so it carries only its DS-mass-allocated share of grain plus the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat (loose) bran: 618.6 kg CO2eq/t DS). Wet-mill co-product allocation: economic (name carries 'Blonk' — agri-footprint/Blonk allocates across co-products economically, so cheap bran carries far less than its mass share and valuable gluten far more). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.2712 kg (BAFU 177276), electricity 0.0509 kWh, natural gas 0.7959 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.2068 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.28). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_ba519933e5c9980c": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy20", "name": "wheat bran, wheat wet milling, without grain", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_bran_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy20" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat bran, from wheat wet milling, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A005R", "name": "Wheat bran" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540166", "name": "01660 - gluten free bread (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_bran_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy20" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat bran, wheat wet milling, without grain built from 2 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat bran, wheat wet milling, without grain", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) wheat bran from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.09 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Bran leaves the shared starch-slurry step with no further processing, so it carries only its DS-mass-allocated share of grain plus the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat (loose) bran: 618.6 kg CO2eq/t DS). Wet-mill co-product allocation: economic (name carries 'Blonk' — agri-footprint/Blonk allocates across co-products economically, so cheap bran carries far less than its mass share and valuable gluten far more). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.0000 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.0509 kWh, natural gas 0.7959 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.0780 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.09). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.050905, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.050905 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.050905 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.050905 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.050905 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.795891, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.795891 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.795891 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.795891 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.795891 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.9, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00069, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "wheat bran from wheat wet milling (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.09 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned exactly zero under every non-climate impact method. Bran leaves the shared starch-slurry step with no further processing, so it carries only its DS-mass-allocated share of grain plus the slurry stage (Starch Europe wheat (loose) bran: 618.6 kg CO2eq/t DS). Wet-mill co-product allocation: economic (name carries 'Blonk' — agri-footprint/Blonk allocates across co-products economically, so cheap bran carries far less than its mass share and valuable gluten far more). Agricultural grain/straw allocation: economic. The BAFU wheat anchor is already economically allocated (grain/straw GWP ratio implies an 86.6% share to grain), so it is used directly. Inventory per kg: wheat grain 0.0000 kg (BAFU 348021), electricity 0.0509 kWh, natural gas 0.7959 MJ, process water 1.9 kg, effluent treatment 0.00069 m3. Modelled GWP 0.0780 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.09). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_ca560327c8465c22": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy4", "name": "seitan, from wheat gluten", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_seitan_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy4" }, "sediment": { "intent": "seitan, from wheat wet milling, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A036F", "name": "Wheat gluten" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543085", "name": "30850 - water-based desserts spoonable (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_seitan_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy4" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram seitan, from wheat gluten built from 3 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram seitan, from wheat gluten", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Seitan (cooked/hydrated vital wheat gluten) (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 1.0 kg CO2eq/kg. That entry carried confidence 0.35 and the human_review_flag 'Value retained but NOT independently sourced; fabricated citations removed. Requires process-based rebuild in lci-food-processing' — a 2026-07-21 repair had removed three fabricated/misattributed citations but KEPT the number, leaving an unvalidated scalar. This rebuild supplies the process basis that flag asked for. Seitan is modelled as 0.3474 kg dry wheat gluten per kg product, derived from measured protein contents in five national food-composition databases (seitan median 28.0 g/100g across CH/NL/DE/DK/ES; dry wheat gluten 80.6 g/100g, DE BLS C551000), plus hydration water 0.7 kg, mixing/forming electricity 0.05 kWh and simmering heat 0.55 MJ. The upstream gluten itself is the wet-mill composite (1.6434 kg CO2eq/kg). Modelled GWP 0.6281 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 1.0). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.05 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.05 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.05 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.05 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.55, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.55 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.55 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.55 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.55 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.7, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling", "amount": 0.347395, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.347395 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.347395 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Seitan (cooked/hydrated vital wheat gluten) (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 1.0 kg CO2eq/kg. That entry carried confidence 0.35 and the human_review_flag 'Value retained but NOT independently sourced; fabricated citations removed. Requires process-based rebuild in lci-food-processing' — a 2026-07-21 repair had removed three fabricated/misattributed citations but KEPT the number, leaving an unvalidated scalar. This rebuild supplies the process basis that flag asked for. Seitan is modelled as 0.3474 kg dry wheat gluten per kg product, derived from measured protein contents in five national food-composition databases (seitan median 28.0 g/100g across CH/NL/DE/DK/ES; dry wheat gluten 80.6 g/100g, DE BLS C551000), plus hydration water 0.7 kg, mixing/forming electricity 0.05 kWh and simmering heat 0.55 MJ. The upstream gluten itself is the wet-mill composite (1.6434 kg CO2eq/kg). Modelled GWP 0.6281 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 1.0). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_042a4e32c21344f4": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy17", "name": "seitan, from wheat gluten", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_seitan_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy17" }, "sediment": { "intent": "seitan, from wheat wet milling, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A036F", "name": "Wheat gluten" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543085", "name": "30850 - water-based desserts spoonable (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_seitan_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy17" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram seitan, from wheat gluten built from 3 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram seitan, from wheat gluten", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Seitan (cooked/hydrated vital wheat gluten) (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 1.04 kg CO2eq/kg. That entry carried confidence 0.35 and the human_review_flag 'Value retained but NOT independently sourced; fabricated citations removed. Requires process-based rebuild in lci-food-processing' — a 2026-07-21 repair had removed three fabricated/misattributed citations but KEPT the number, leaving an unvalidated scalar. This rebuild supplies the process basis that flag asked for. Seitan is modelled as 0.3474 kg dry wheat gluten per kg product, derived from measured protein contents in five national food-composition databases (seitan median 28.0 g/100g across CH/NL/DE/DK/ES; dry wheat gluten 80.6 g/100g, DE BLS C551000), plus hydration water 0.7 kg, mixing/forming electricity 0.05 kWh and simmering heat 0.55 MJ. The upstream gluten itself is the wet-mill composite (2.0502 kg CO2eq/kg). Modelled GWP 0.7695 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 1.04). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.05 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.05 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.05 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.05 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.55, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.55 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.55 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.55 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.55 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.7, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling", "amount": 0.347395, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.347395 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.347395 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Seitan (cooked/hydrated vital wheat gluten) (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 1.04 kg CO2eq/kg. That entry carried confidence 0.35 and the human_review_flag 'Value retained but NOT independently sourced; fabricated citations removed. Requires process-based rebuild in lci-food-processing' — a 2026-07-21 repair had removed three fabricated/misattributed citations but KEPT the number, leaving an unvalidated scalar. This rebuild supplies the process basis that flag asked for. Seitan is modelled as 0.3474 kg dry wheat gluten per kg product, derived from measured protein contents in five national food-composition databases (seitan median 28.0 g/100g across CH/NL/DE/DK/ES; dry wheat gluten 80.6 g/100g, DE BLS C551000), plus hydration water 0.7 kg, mixing/forming electricity 0.05 kWh and simmering heat 0.55 MJ. The upstream gluten itself is the wet-mill composite (2.0502 kg CO2eq/kg). Modelled GWP 0.7695 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 1.04). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_62a7b6b74d5262dd": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy18", "name": "seitan, from wheat gluten, organic", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_seitan_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy18" }, "sediment": { "intent": "seitan, organic, from wheat wet milling, organic, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A036F", "name": "Wheat gluten" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_4application", "name": "organic agriculture" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543085", "name": "30850 - water-based desserts spoonable (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_seitan_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy18" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram seitan, from wheat gluten, organic built from 3 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram seitan, from wheat gluten, organic", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Seitan (cooked/hydrated vital wheat gluten), organic (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.95 kg CO2eq/kg. That entry carried confidence 0.35 and the human_review_flag 'Value retained but NOT independently sourced; fabricated citations removed. Requires process-based rebuild in lci-food-processing' — a 2026-07-21 repair had removed three fabricated/misattributed citations but KEPT the number, leaving an unvalidated scalar. This rebuild supplies the process basis that flag asked for. Seitan is modelled as 0.3474 kg dry wheat gluten per kg product, derived from measured protein contents in five national food-composition databases (seitan median 28.0 g/100g across CH/NL/DE/DK/ES; dry wheat gluten 80.6 g/100g, DE BLS C551000), plus hydration water 0.7 kg, mixing/forming electricity 0.05 kWh and simmering heat 0.55 MJ. The upstream gluten itself is the wet-mill composite (1.5990 kg CO2eq/kg). Modelled GWP 0.6127 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.95). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.05 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.05 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.05 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.05 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.55, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.55 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.55 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.55 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.55 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.7, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling", "amount": 0.347395, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.347395 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.347395 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Seitan (cooked/hydrated vital wheat gluten), organic (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.95 kg CO2eq/kg. That entry carried confidence 0.35 and the human_review_flag 'Value retained but NOT independently sourced; fabricated citations removed. Requires process-based rebuild in lci-food-processing' — a 2026-07-21 repair had removed three fabricated/misattributed citations but KEPT the number, leaving an unvalidated scalar. This rebuild supplies the process basis that flag asked for. Seitan is modelled as 0.3474 kg dry wheat gluten per kg product, derived from measured protein contents in five national food-composition databases (seitan median 28.0 g/100g across CH/NL/DE/DK/ES; dry wheat gluten 80.6 g/100g, DE BLS C551000), plus hydration water 0.7 kg, mixing/forming electricity 0.05 kWh and simmering heat 0.55 MJ. The upstream gluten itself is the wet-mill composite (1.5990 kg CO2eq/kg). Modelled GWP 0.6127 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.95). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_414df28464b550df": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy19", "name": "seitan, from wheat gluten, organic", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_seitan_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy19" }, "sediment": { "intent": "seitan, organic, from wheat wet milling, organic, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A036F", "name": "Wheat gluten" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RER", "name": "RER" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_4application", "name": "organic agriculture" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543085", "name": "30850 - water-based desserts spoonable (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2022", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_seitan_e03eb157b24118d9c148b85115276cd0_copy19" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature, the open Starch Europe/VITO sector report, national food-composition databases, and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram seitan, from wheat gluten, organic built from 3 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram seitan, from wheat gluten, organic", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Seitan (cooked/hydrated vital wheat gluten), organic (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.97 kg CO2eq/kg. That entry carried confidence 0.35 and the human_review_flag 'Value retained but NOT independently sourced; fabricated citations removed. Requires process-based rebuild in lci-food-processing' — a 2026-07-21 repair had removed three fabricated/misattributed citations but KEPT the number, leaving an unvalidated scalar. This rebuild supplies the process basis that flag asked for. Seitan is modelled as 0.3474 kg dry wheat gluten per kg product, derived from measured protein contents in five national food-composition databases (seitan median 28.0 g/100g across CH/NL/DE/DK/ES; dry wheat gluten 80.6 g/100g, DE BLS C551000), plus hydration water 0.7 kg, mixing/forming electricity 0.05 kWh and simmering heat 0.55 MJ. The upstream gluten itself is the wet-mill composite (1.9704 kg CO2eq/kg). Modelled GWP 0.7418 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.97). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.05 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.05 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.05 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.05 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.55, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.55 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.55 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.55 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.55 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.7, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "dry wheat gluten, wheat wet milling", "amount": 0.347395, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.347395 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.347395 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Seitan (cooked/hydrated vital wheat gluten), organic (RER). Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 0.97 kg CO2eq/kg. That entry carried confidence 0.35 and the human_review_flag 'Value retained but NOT independently sourced; fabricated citations removed. Requires process-based rebuild in lci-food-processing' — a 2026-07-21 repair had removed three fabricated/misattributed citations but KEPT the number, leaving an unvalidated scalar. This rebuild supplies the process basis that flag asked for. Seitan is modelled as 0.3474 kg dry wheat gluten per kg product, derived from measured protein contents in five national food-composition databases (seitan median 28.0 g/100g across CH/NL/DE/DK/ES; dry wheat gluten 80.6 g/100g, DE BLS C551000), plus hydration water 0.7 kg, mixing/forming electricity 0.05 kWh and simmering heat 0.55 MJ. The upstream gluten itself is the wet-mill composite (1.9704 kg CO2eq/kg). Modelled GWP 0.7418 kg CO2eq/kg (retired flat value 0.97). No exchange amount, allocation factor or conversion factor in this module was solved backwards from the retired flat value or from any ecoinvent reference. The inventory is built from published yields, prices, stage energy and BAFU emission factors; the resulting GWP is whatever those inputs produce. That the rebuilt values land close to the Starch Europe published totals is a CONSEQUENCE of the BAFU wheat-grain GWP (0.5198) independently matching that study's Agri-footprint agricultural contribution (~0.536 kg CO2eq/kg product), not of any tuning. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_5832f0e883febfcd": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/6041c252e31657f6b1ffee0221d82066_copy8", "name": "soy milk processing, wet extraction + UHT sterilisation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_soy_milk_processing_NL" }, "sediment": { "intent": "soy milk, processing only, NL", "terms": [ { "ns": "hestia", "id": "soyMilk", "name": "Soy milk" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_15563", "name": "soya milk" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "soy-milk-yogurts" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "NL", "name": "Netherlands" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_soy_milk_processing_NL" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only. No ecoinvent flow data used. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram soy milk processing, wet extraction + UHT sterilisation built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram soy milk processing, wet extraction + UHT sterilisation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Soy milk processing (copy8, NL): food_processing_reconstruction routed to the process-based food_processing_soy_milk_processing_NL composite. Released from the RER pasteurised_plant_drink cascade (Grant 2018 Belgian steam-only data: 0 kWh electricity, 0.72 MJ/kg -> GWP 0.0616, below the 0.07 literature floor and an NL->RER geography mismatch). The NL composite (0.778 MJ heat BAFU 252893 + 0.1533 kWh elec + 1.25 kg water, Russo 2023 Table A2 + FAO UHT) gives a process-based GWP of ~0.107 kg CO2eq/kg, within the 0.07-0.18 literature range and matching the EDB NL geography. Remaining gap vs the ecoinvent reference (0.1799) is deferred gate-to-gate infrastructure (building hall, wastewater treatment, solid-waste incineration) carried by the 7-exchange ecoinvent activity but outside this tributary's gate-to-gate scope.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.778, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.153333, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.25, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 39.0, "protein_g": 3.0, "fat_g": 1.8, "saturated_fat_g": 0.3, "carbohydrates_g": 2.5, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.5, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.10160000000000001, "water_g": 89.7 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 39.0, 39.0 ], "protein_g": [ 3.0, 3.0 ], "fat_g": [ 1.8, 1.8 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.3, 0.3 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 2.5, 2.5 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.5, 0.5 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.10160000000000001, 0.10160000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 89.7, 89.7 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Soy milk", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.896, "embedding_distance": 0.104, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'soy milk' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Soy milk processing (copy8, NL): food_processing_reconstruction routed to the process-based food_processing_soy_milk_processing_NL composite. Released from the RER pasteurised_plant_drink cascade (Grant 2018 Belgian steam-only data: 0 kWh electricity, 0.72 MJ/kg -> GWP 0.0616, below the 0.07 literature floor and an NL->RER geography mismatch). The NL composite (0.778 MJ heat BAFU 252893 + 0.1533 kWh elec + 1.25 kg water, Russo 2023 Table A2 + FAO UHT) gives a process-based GWP of ~0.107 kg CO2eq/kg, within the 0.07-0.18 literature range and matching the EDB NL geography. Remaining gap vs the ecoinvent reference (0.1799) is deferred gate-to-gate infrastructure (building hall, wastewater treatment, solid-waste incineration) carried by the 7-exchange ecoinvent activity but outside this tributary's gate-to-gate scope." }, "repl_c574751a4159da00": { "ecoinvent_reference": "EDB/35218e3b19034dcc91d207c951a8ec28_copy1", "name": "date syrup production, extraction and evaporative concentration", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_date_syrup_extraction_evaporation_GLO" }, "sediment": { "intent": "date syrup, GLO", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "date-syrups" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "GLO", "name": "Global" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_date_syrup_extraction_evaporation_GLO" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram date syrup production, extraction and evaporative concentration built from 2 energy / processing, 2 other input; emissions: field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram date syrup production, extraction and evaporative concentration", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Market for date syrup, w/o transport (EDB prefix, GLO): anchored directly to the same open date-syrup composite as the production UUID. The market node adds no transport or extra processing in the open workspace, so the correct durable fix is a shared plant-gate anchor rather than a null pass-through stub.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 9.263497, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.048077, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 2.403846, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm date production, modelled", "amount": 1.442308, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (1.442308 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (1.442308 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 36.057692, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 36.057692, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 286.09, "protein_g": 1.2000000476837158, "fat_g": 0.4, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 67.95, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 4.129756097560976, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0020320000000000004, "water_g": 27.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 144.0, 301.0 ], "protein_g": [ 1.18, 2.9 ], "fat_g": [ 0.1, 0.5 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.10000000149011612 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 33.370243902439015, 77.3 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 70.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 8.04 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.01778 ], "water_g": [ 17.7, 59.2 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "off:date-syrups", "matched_term_name": "Date syrups", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 7, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Market for date syrup, w/o transport (EDB prefix, GLO): anchored directly to the same open date-syrup composite as the production UUID. The market node adds no transport or extra processing in the open workspace, so the correct durable fix is a shared plant-gate anchor rather than a null pass-through stub." }, "repl_ab5b5f448a46517e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "EDB/3622ccec8a8f4688af909862da4d4d25_copy1", "name": "apple juice concentrate production", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_apple_juice_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "apple juice concentrate, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "apple-juice-concentrates" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cascade_concentration_apple_juice_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Upstream substrate left honestly unbound (unlinked_substrate) — gate-to-gate processing only; consumer supplies the farm-gate flow. Open sources only. No ecoinvent data used. BAFU OGD: BAFU:2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "unlinked_substrate" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram apple juice concentrate production built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram apple juice concentrate production", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Apple juice concentrate production (EDB prefix, copy1): 6-effect falling-film vacuum evaporation (Büchner/Bucher Unipektin 2017). Apple juice 11°Brix → 70°Brix AJC. Gate-to-gate processing GWP = 0.2389 kg CO2eq/kg concentrate (3.08 MJ NG + 0.028 kWh elec). Upstream apple cultivation handled by lci-fruit/EDB upstream.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.487522, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "apple concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.022586, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "apple concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 5.595652, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 5.595652, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration cooling_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 5.086957, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": "apple concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "zimmer_2017" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration condensate_water_kg: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0029, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0022, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000175, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Alkylbenzene sulfonate, linear, petrochemical, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.0008, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "eu_bref_fdm_2019" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration detergent_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "apple concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "apple concentration machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "apple juice, pasteurised", "amount": 6.086957, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Apple juice concentrate production (EDB prefix, copy1): 6-effect falling-film vacuum evaporation (Büchner/Bucher Unipektin 2017). Apple juice 11°Brix → 70°Brix AJC. Gate-to-gate processing GWP = 0.2389 kg CO2eq/kg concentrate (3.08 MJ NG + 0.028 kWh elec). Upstream apple cultivation handled by lci-fruit/EDB upstream." }, "repl_863ac2da17af646e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "EDB/5051671b49a8b21c7a327b8bf6f64b2d_copy1", "name": "palm date conditioning, drying, and pitting", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_palm_date_conditioning_drying_pitting_GLO" }, "sediment": { "intent": "palm date, conditioned and dried, pit removed, GLO", "terms": [ { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "35c6a539-d74e-4615-94ce-9c76a33d47ed" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "GLO", "name": "Global" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_palm_date_conditioning_drying_pitting_GLO" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All inventory quantities come from open public reports, open post-harvest references, or first-principles mass balance. No proprietary ecoinvent exchange values were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram palm date conditioning, drying, and pitting built from 1 energy / processing, 3 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram palm date conditioning, drying, and pitting", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Palm date conditioning, drying, and pitting (GLO): Pattern A composite LCI plus substitute_edb_self. This production UUID must collapse to a single open food_processing_lci anchor because exchange-level remapping of the stale foreground now inherits the April 11, 2026 Medjool-desert palm-date proxy and explodes to 7.39 kg CO2eq/kg. The replacement composite uses 3.0809 kg open fruit_crops_lci palm-date production, 0.1031 kWh electricity, 7.5 kg water, and 0.0075 m3 wastewater treatment per kg final pitted conditioned dates, all derived from open public sources and first-principles mass balance.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.103125, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 7.5, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.0075, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm date production, modelled", "amount": 3.080873, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (3.080873 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (3.080873 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Palm date conditioning, drying, and pitting (GLO): Pattern A composite LCI plus substitute_edb_self. This production UUID must collapse to a single open food_processing_lci anchor because exchange-level remapping of the stale foreground now inherits the April 11, 2026 Medjool-desert palm-date proxy and explodes to 7.39 kg CO2eq/kg. The replacement composite uses 3.0809 kg open fruit_crops_lci palm-date production, 0.1031 kWh electricity, 7.5 kg water, and 0.0075 m3 wastewater treatment per kg final pitted conditioned dates, all derived from open public sources and first-principles mass balance." }, "repl_d7568ab5fbd6f6bd": { "ecoinvent_reference": "EDB/781d69e3fd3949fb956e6be078bdd9a3", "name": "hemp protein powder production, dry mechanical milling and sieving (50% protein concentrate from cold-press hemp presscake)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_hemp_protein_powder_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Hemp protein powder, dry mechanical fractionation, Europe", "terms": [ { "id": "A016B", "name": "Hemp seeds", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "c_3558", "name": "hemp", "ns": "agrovoc" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541225", "name": "12250 - hemp seeds (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2024" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_hemp_protein_powder_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange amounts derived from open peer-reviewed literature (Mahony 2011, Bernas 2021, Jakab 2025, Aimutis 2024, Meffo Kemda 2024, FDA GRN 771) and BAFU OGD catalog. No flow-level data copied from the proprietary ecoinvent database. BAFU attribution: 'Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.'", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram hemp protein powder production, dry mechanical milling and sieving (50% protein concentrate from cold-press hemp presscake) built from 1 energy / processing, 1 co-product credit, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram hemp protein powder production, dry mechanical milling and sieving (50% protein concentrate from cold-press hemp presscake)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Hemp protein powder (RER, dry mechanical fractionation): Pattern A composite LCI plus substitute_edb_self. Replaces the implicit cascade that traversed the EDB foreground from copy13 (presscake) to 781d69 (protein powder) -- a fragile path that produced ~0.704 kg CO2eq/kg by inheriting the recently fixed presscake economic allocation. The new composite makes the chain explicit: 1.6 kg presscake/kg powder (mass balance from Mahony 2011 / Bernas 2021 with 75% sieving recovery) plus 0.02 kWh electricity (Frontiers 2024 hemp processing data) plus 2.0e-05 m2 hall infrastructure. Resulting GWP ~0.631 kg CO2eq/kg powder, vs proprietary reference 1.001 (comparison only). Central within Aimutis 2024 dry seed-protein-concentrate band (0.7-2.0); residual ~37% gap attributable to the BAFU FR hemp seed activity carrying lower upstream burden than the proprietary reference's likely seed proxy. EDB-side parity fix (2026-06-20): the EDB/781d69e3 self-substitution entry previously carried a stale Pattern C inventory (BAFU 403344 hemp-seed anchor + conversion_factor 1.818182 + heat/hexane corrections, GWP 2.0877) that the 2026-05-02 domain module never updated because EDB/ and 'ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/' are distinct mapping keys. Replaced with the same Pattern A composite the domain module emits for the ecoinvent key (food_processing_hemp_protein_powder_RER, whose 1.6 kg presscake input itself carries 0.3597 kg BAFU 403344 hemp-seed cultivation per kg presscake -- cultivation is NOT dropped). Recomputed GWP = 0.654 kg CO2eq/kg powder from BAFU emission factors.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.02, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "hemp presscake (food_processing_lci composite, cold-press, economic allocation)", "amount": 1.6, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "co-product credit", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.6 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.6 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall", "amount": 2e-05, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "co-product credit", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Hemp protein powder (RER, dry mechanical fractionation): Pattern A composite LCI plus substitute_edb_self. Replaces the implicit cascade that traversed the EDB foreground from copy13 (presscake) to 781d69 (protein powder) -- a fragile path that produced ~0.704 kg CO2eq/kg by inheriting the recently fixed presscake economic allocation. The new composite makes the chain explicit: 1.6 kg presscake/kg powder (mass balance from Mahony 2011 / Bernas 2021 with 75% sieving recovery) plus 0.02 kWh electricity (Frontiers 2024 hemp processing data) plus 2.0e-05 m2 hall infrastructure. Resulting GWP ~0.631 kg CO2eq/kg powder, vs proprietary reference 1.001 (comparison only). Central within Aimutis 2024 dry seed-protein-concentrate band (0.7-2.0); residual ~37% gap attributable to the BAFU FR hemp seed activity carrying lower upstream burden than the proprietary reference's likely seed proxy. EDB-side parity fix (2026-06-20): the EDB/781d69e3 self-substitution entry previously carried a stale Pattern C inventory (BAFU 403344 hemp-seed anchor + conversion_factor 1.818182 + heat/hexane corrections, GWP 2.0877) that the 2026-05-02 domain module never updated because EDB/ and 'ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/' are distinct mapping keys. Replaced with the same Pattern A composite the domain module emits for the ecoinvent key (food_processing_hemp_protein_powder_RER, whose 1.6 kg presscake input itself carries 0.3597 kg BAFU 403344 hemp-seed cultivation per kg presscake -- cultivation is NOT dropped). Recomputed GWP = 0.654 kg CO2eq/kg powder from BAFU emission factors." }, "repl_4e3dda81e8ad6164": { "ecoinvent_reference": "EDB/e7730700b4424711800c8c950134d5e3_copy1", "name": "Maize starch, at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "289738" }, "sediment": { "intent": "glucose powder (dextrose monohydrate) production, RER", "terms": [ { "id": "A0CST", "name": "Dextrose monohydrate", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "A0CSX", "name": "Glucose", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "anchor_plus_correction", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "289738" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": null, "note": "Closure reaches only open leaves, but method.kind='anchor_plus_correction' is not a canonical ecoinvent-free kind; no blanket ecoinvent-free assertion is made. All values derive from BAFU OGD data, Starch Europe public reports, open process descriptions, and first-principles stoichiometric calculations. No flow-level data was copied from ecoinvent or other proprietary sources.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.84, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Maize starch, at plant built from 2 energy / processing, 4 other input, 1 transport; emissions: field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Maize starch, at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Glucose powder production (RER) reconstructed from open starch-sweetener literature as dry crystallised dextrose monohydrate. The process boundary covers liquefaction and saccharification of maize starch, purification and evaporation to high-DE syrup, cooling crystallisation, centrifugation, and final drying. Upstream starch burden is anchored on BAFU 289738 'Maize starch, at plant' with dry-substance allocation: 1 kg glucose powder at 91% DS contains 0.91 kg dextrose solids, and stoichiometric hydrolysis requires 162/180 kg starch DS per kg glucose DS, giving 0.819 kg starch DS per kg product. Process energy is added explicitly via BAFU technosphere corrections using the open Vogelbusch average consumption figures for glucose monohydrate: 0.46 kWh electricity (BAFU 302061) and 4.95 MJ process heat from 1.8 kg steam x 2.75 MJ/kg (BAFU 252893) per kg product. Modelled GWP = 1.4640 kg CO2eq/kg, within the investigation target range 1.3-1.8 and far below the previous 4.3098 kg CO2eq/kg partial remap. No ecoinvent proprietary flow data is used. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid", "amount": 0.25444, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user", "amount": 1.9560000000000004, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chemical plant, organics", "amount": 4e-10, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at industrial furnace 1MW", "amount": 3.988, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, waste", "amount": 0.916, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, maize starch production effluent, to wastewater treatment, class 2", "amount": 0.000691, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Grain maize IP, at farm", "amount": 1.2610000000000001, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 0.1261, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Glucose powder production (RER) reconstructed from open starch-sweetener literature as dry crystallised dextrose monohydrate. The process boundary covers liquefaction and saccharification of maize starch, purification and evaporation to high-DE syrup, cooling crystallisation, centrifugation, and final drying. Upstream starch burden is anchored on BAFU 289738 'Maize starch, at plant' with dry-substance allocation: 1 kg glucose powder at 91% DS contains 0.91 kg dextrose solids, and stoichiometric hydrolysis requires 162/180 kg starch DS per kg glucose DS, giving 0.819 kg starch DS per kg product. Process energy is added explicitly via BAFU technosphere corrections using the open Vogelbusch average consumption figures for glucose monohydrate: 0.46 kWh electricity (BAFU 302061) and 4.95 MJ process heat from 1.8 kg steam x 2.75 MJ/kg (BAFU 252893) per kg product. Modelled GWP = 1.4640 kg CO2eq/kg, within the investigation target range 1.3-1.8 and far below the previous 4.3098 kg CO2eq/kg partial remap. No ecoinvent proprietary flow data is used. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." }, "repl_d0fc39ac57fb9706": { "ecoinvent_reference": "EDB/f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy42", "name": "date syrup production, extraction and evaporative concentration", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_date_syrup_extraction_evaporation_GLO" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Date syrup, GLO", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "date-syrups" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "GLO", "name": "Global" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_date_syrup_extraction_evaporation_GLO" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources and first-principles calculations only. No proprietary ecoinvent flow data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.79, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram date syrup production, extraction and evaporative concentration built from 2 energy / processing, 2 other input; emissions: field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram date syrup production, extraction and evaporative concentration", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Fresh date processing (EDB prefix, GLO): Pattern A composite LCI plus substitute_edb_self. The production UUID is collapsed to a single open food_processing_lci anchor so exchange-level remap cannot keep the stale under-specified foreground alive. The replacement composite uses 1.4423 kg palm dates from fruit_crops_lci plus explicit extraction/concentration utilities from open literature: 9.2635 MJ heat, 0.0481 kWh electricity, 2.4038 kg process water, and 36.0577 kg cooling water per kg syrup.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 9.263497, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.048077, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 2.403846, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm date production, modelled", "amount": 1.442308, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (1.442308 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (1.442308 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 36.057692, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 36.057692, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 286.09, "protein_g": 1.2000000476837158, "fat_g": 0.4, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 67.95, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 4.129756097560976, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0020320000000000004, "water_g": 27.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 144.0, 301.0 ], "protein_g": [ 1.18, 2.9 ], "fat_g": [ 0.1, 0.5 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.10000000149011612 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 33.370243902439015, 77.3 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 70.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 8.04 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.01778 ], "water_g": [ 17.7, 59.2 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "off:date-syrups", "matched_term_name": "Date syrups", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 7, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Fresh date processing (EDB prefix, GLO): Pattern A composite LCI plus substitute_edb_self. The production UUID is collapsed to a single open food_processing_lci anchor so exchange-level remap cannot keep the stale under-specified foreground alive. The replacement composite uses 1.4423 kg palm dates from fruit_crops_lci plus explicit extraction/concentration utilities from open literature: 9.2635 MJ heat, 0.0481 kWh electricity, 2.4038 kg process water, and 36.0577 kg cooling water per kg syrup." }, "repl_ac9905584a80cecb": { "ecoinvent_reference": "EDB/f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy9", "name": "date syrup processing, extraction and vacuum concentration", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_date_syrup_processing_GLO" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Date syrup processing, GLO", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6195" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A048T" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "processingAidUnspecified" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "GLO", "name": "Global" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03544451", "name": "44510 - processing aids (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_date_syrup_processing_GLO" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources and first-principles calculations only. No proprietary ecoinvent flow data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram date syrup processing, extraction and vacuum concentration built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input; emissions: field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram date syrup processing, extraction and vacuum concentration", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Date syrup processing (EDB prefix, GLO): Pattern A composite LCI plus substitute_edb_self. The current open EDB foreground still consists only of hall infrastructure plus generic electricity, natural-gas heat, and tap-water links; this override collapses that stale placeholder to a source-of-truth open processing activity with 2.3112 MJ heat, 0.1910 kWh electricity, 2.4038 kg process water, and 36.0577 kg cooling water per kg syrup processed.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.311242, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.190977, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 2.403846, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 36.057692, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 36.057692, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Date syrup processing (EDB prefix, GLO): Pattern A composite LCI plus substitute_edb_self. The current open EDB foreground still consists only of hall infrastructure plus generic electricity, natural-gas heat, and tap-water links; this override collapses that stale placeholder to a source-of-truth open processing activity with 2.3112 MJ heat, 0.1910 kWh electricity, 2.4038 kg process water, and 36.0577 kg cooling water per kg syrup processed." }, "repl_6f16ea24af6ec47e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ZHAW_Data_ei3.6/f993efa4521dc8911d15de1eef5e1cdd", "name": "meat broth paste (Fleischbouillon), at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_meat_broth_paste_CH" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Meat broth paste (Fleischbouillon Paste), CH food-grade production", "terms": [ { "id": "A0GFR", "name": "Bouillon", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "c_1202", "name": "beef", "ns": "agrovoc" }, { "id": "CHE", "name": "Switzerland", "ns": "gadm" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2020" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_meat_broth_paste_CH" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature (Zheng 2020, Ramirez 2012, Panyakaew & Favret 2011) and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No flow-level data copied from ZHAW_Data_ei3.6 or ecoinvent; the ZHAW GWP figures are referenced only as an external sanity bound, never as exchange amounts.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fermentation_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram meat broth paste (Fleischbouillon), at plant built from 2 energy / processing, 4 other input, 1 field operations.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram meat broth paste (Fleischbouillon), at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Meat broth paste (Fleischbouillon Paste), CH. Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 3.46 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned EXACTLY ZERO under every non-climate impact method -- verified 2026-07-27 against the live EDB_BAFU project, where the bafu_biosphere 'Carbon dioxide, fossil' flow carries NO characterisation factor in the 197-CF EF 3.1 (BAFU) Acidification method. A client asking for acidification got a confident 0.0 that reads as 'no impact' rather than 'no data'. The composition (Panyakaew & Favret 2011) was and remains sourced; what changes is that each component is now a technosphere edge carrying its whole speciated inventory instead of a hand-multiplied CO2 term. ALLOCATION CONVENTION, STATED EXPLICITLY -- LOAD-BEARING, DO NOT 'FIX'. The retired entry added a hand-computed 'beef fat upstream cattle rearing gap' of 0.587 kg CO2 (0.179 kg tallow x 3.28 kg CO2/kg), on the reasoning that BAFU 195754 'Tallow, at plant' covers only rendering and that the cattle burden was therefore missing. That reasoning sat in direct tension with the rest of this workspace: lci-food-processing's own domains/rendering_mbm.py gives meat and bone meal -- the SAME rendering plant, the SAME feedstock -- ZERO upstream animal burden under the main-product / system-expansion approach (Ramirez 2012 section 4.4: condemned animal by-product has negative economic value at the slaughterhouse gate, so all farm and slaughter burden stays with the edible meat). Tallow getting the FULL cattle burden while MBM gets NONE cannot both be right without saying which convention applies where. BAFU 195754 SETTLES IT, in its own activity comment: 'Since the process of meat and bone meal production is nearly the same as the production of tallow (all steps are common except the milling of the meal), a physical allocation of the processes has been applied. The inventory can therefore also be used as an approximation for meat and bone meal.' BAFU tallow and BAFU MBM are the SAME inventory under physical (mass) allocation. Verified structurally 2026-07-27 by walking BAFU 195754's edges: its only inputs are rendering-plant utilities (8.39 MJ industrial-furnace heat, 0.175 kWh electricity, 5.34 kg tap water, 0.0073 m3 effluent, 0.15 tkm transport, 1.9e-5 building), and its only elementary flows are waste heat and land occupation -- no enteric methane, no manure N2O, no feed. It is a zero-upstream-burden rendering inventory, structurally identical in convention to rendering_mbm.py. THE RESOLUTION IS THEREFORE TO REMOVE THE ADDED CATTLE GAP, NOT TO ADD ONE TO MBM. This entry now applies ONE convention consistently: rendered animal fat enters at its rendering-gate burden with no cattle rearing attached, because the cattle burden belongs to the edible meat that the same animal produced. Adding it here would double-count against every beef product in the bundle that already carries it. MEAT EXTRACT (0.034 kg/kg) is modelled with fermentation_lci's 'Yeast extract production, autolysis and concentration' (RER, 2.537 kg CO2eq/kg, acidification 0.00737 kg SO2eq/kg) rather than with the retired entry's ~32 kg CO2eq/kg figure. That 32 was itself a stacked estimate ('cattle GWP ~20 kg/kg live weight, concentration ~1.5x, mass allocation ~15% carcass'), i.e. a number built from three assumptions, and it carried the cattle burden that the allocation convention above removes. Yeast extract is the correct functional and PROCESS analogue for a savoury concentrated flavour extract: both are autolysed, concentrated protein hydrolysates used at the same inclusion rate for the same purpose, and it is a real process-based inventory that terminates in BAFU. This is a declared PROXY, not a claim of identity: a genuine beef-extract inventory would carry a slaughter-by-product allocation this substitution does not attempt. Stated so a reader can weigh it. DECLARED GAP -- MSG (0.181 kg/kg, the second-largest ingredient by mass). Neither the BAFU catalog nor any registered tributary contains a monosodium-glutamate or glutamic-acid fermentation activity; searched 2026-07-27 across bafu (11,947 activities) and fermentation_lci (41). Zheng et al. (2020, J. Clean. Prod. 256:120469) put Chinese industrial MSG fermentation at 6.33-10.7 kg CO2eq/kg, central 8.0, so the missing contribution is about 1.448 kg CO2eq/kg product -- material, and larger than everything this entry does model. It is NOT carried as a flat biosphere CO2 correction, because that is precisely the lumped construction being retired: it would score correctly under GWP100 and ZERO under acidification, re-creating the defect inside the fix. It is NOT proxied onto fermentation_lci's L-tryptophan (12.27 kg CO2eq/kg) either -- tryptophan is a far lower-yielding aerobic fermentation and would overstate MSG by ~50%, and a proxy chosen for availability rather than similarity is a guess with a citation attached. The entry therefore UNDERSTATES its own GWP by a stated, quantified amount, and says so, rather than closing the gap with a number that would be wrong in every impact category except one. The correct fix is an MSG fermentation inventory in lci-fermentation, which is a separate piece of work and is reported here rather than faked. Inventory per kg product: salt 0.609 kg (BAFU 139127), rendered beef fat 0.179 kg (BAFU 195754), meat/savoury extract 0.034 kg (fermentation_lci yeast extract, declared proxy), natural-gas heat 0.014 MJ (BAFU 505329), electricity 0.261 kWh (BAFU 219622), freight 0.2 tkm (BAFU 598293); MSG 0.181 kg NOT modelled (declared gap). Modelled GWP 0.3470 kg CO2eq/kg against a retired flat value of 3.46 (delta -90.0%), of which the unmodelled MSG would add about 1.448. Modelled acidification 0.00082135 kg SO2eq/kg, which was structurally unreachable before. No quantity in this entry was solved backwards from the retired flat value of 3.46 kg CO2eq/kg, from the ZHAW direct EI GWP of 3.897, or from the full-chain EI figure of 6.844. The composition is Panyakaew & Favret 2011 unchanged; every component is now a technosphere edge whose burden is whatever the BAFU or tributary activity computes. The modelled value falls to 0.3470 kg CO2eq/kg, and MOST of that fall is the deliberate removal of the 0.587 kg hand-added cattle gap and the replacement of a 32 kg/kg stacked meat-extract estimate; the rest is the declared MSG gap of 1.448 kg. The retired entry's agreement with its 3.5-8.0 'target range' was reached by adding those two unmodelled terms until the total landed inside it. Reproducing 3.46 would require keeping them. The gap is REPORTED, not tuned away. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (CH)", "amount": 0.014, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.014 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.014 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.014 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.014 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (CH)", "amount": 0.261, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.261 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.261 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.261 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.261 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium chloride, powder, at plant", "amount": 0.609, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tallow, at plant (rendered beef fat, zero upstream animal burden under physical allocation)", "amount": 0.179, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Yeast extract, autolysis and concentration (declared proxy for savoury meat extract)", "amount": 0.034, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "fermentation_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Monosodium glutamate, submerged aerobic fermentation (closes the gap this entry declared on 2026-07-27)", "amount": 0.181, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "fermentation_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 26t gross weight", "amount": 0.2, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "field operations", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field operations", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Meat broth paste (Fleischbouillon Paste), CH. Rebuilt 2026-07-27 as a Pattern A composite LCI, replacing a lumped emission factor of 3.46 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null. That construction scored correctly under GWP100 only and returned EXACTLY ZERO under every non-climate impact method -- verified 2026-07-27 against the live EDB_BAFU project, where the bafu_biosphere 'Carbon dioxide, fossil' flow carries NO characterisation factor in the 197-CF EF 3.1 (BAFU) Acidification method. A client asking for acidification got a confident 0.0 that reads as 'no impact' rather than 'no data'. The composition (Panyakaew & Favret 2011) was and remains sourced; what changes is that each component is now a technosphere edge carrying its whole speciated inventory instead of a hand-multiplied CO2 term. ALLOCATION CONVENTION, STATED EXPLICITLY -- LOAD-BEARING, DO NOT 'FIX'. The retired entry added a hand-computed 'beef fat upstream cattle rearing gap' of 0.587 kg CO2 (0.179 kg tallow x 3.28 kg CO2/kg), on the reasoning that BAFU 195754 'Tallow, at plant' covers only rendering and that the cattle burden was therefore missing. That reasoning sat in direct tension with the rest of this workspace: lci-food-processing's own domains/rendering_mbm.py gives meat and bone meal -- the SAME rendering plant, the SAME feedstock -- ZERO upstream animal burden under the main-product / system-expansion approach (Ramirez 2012 section 4.4: condemned animal by-product has negative economic value at the slaughterhouse gate, so all farm and slaughter burden stays with the edible meat). Tallow getting the FULL cattle burden while MBM gets NONE cannot both be right without saying which convention applies where. BAFU 195754 SETTLES IT, in its own activity comment: 'Since the process of meat and bone meal production is nearly the same as the production of tallow (all steps are common except the milling of the meal), a physical allocation of the processes has been applied. The inventory can therefore also be used as an approximation for meat and bone meal.' BAFU tallow and BAFU MBM are the SAME inventory under physical (mass) allocation. Verified structurally 2026-07-27 by walking BAFU 195754's edges: its only inputs are rendering-plant utilities (8.39 MJ industrial-furnace heat, 0.175 kWh electricity, 5.34 kg tap water, 0.0073 m3 effluent, 0.15 tkm transport, 1.9e-5 building), and its only elementary flows are waste heat and land occupation -- no enteric methane, no manure N2O, no feed. It is a zero-upstream-burden rendering inventory, structurally identical in convention to rendering_mbm.py. THE RESOLUTION IS THEREFORE TO REMOVE THE ADDED CATTLE GAP, NOT TO ADD ONE TO MBM. This entry now applies ONE convention consistently: rendered animal fat enters at its rendering-gate burden with no cattle rearing attached, because the cattle burden belongs to the edible meat that the same animal produced. Adding it here would double-count against every beef product in the bundle that already carries it. MEAT EXTRACT (0.034 kg/kg) is modelled with fermentation_lci's 'Yeast extract production, autolysis and concentration' (RER, 2.537 kg CO2eq/kg, acidification 0.00737 kg SO2eq/kg) rather than with the retired entry's ~32 kg CO2eq/kg figure. That 32 was itself a stacked estimate ('cattle GWP ~20 kg/kg live weight, concentration ~1.5x, mass allocation ~15% carcass'), i.e. a number built from three assumptions, and it carried the cattle burden that the allocation convention above removes. Yeast extract is the correct functional and PROCESS analogue for a savoury concentrated flavour extract: both are autolysed, concentrated protein hydrolysates used at the same inclusion rate for the same purpose, and it is a real process-based inventory that terminates in BAFU. This is a declared PROXY, not a claim of identity: a genuine beef-extract inventory would carry a slaughter-by-product allocation this substitution does not attempt. Stated so a reader can weigh it. DECLARED GAP -- MSG (0.181 kg/kg, the second-largest ingredient by mass). Neither the BAFU catalog nor any registered tributary contains a monosodium-glutamate or glutamic-acid fermentation activity; searched 2026-07-27 across bafu (11,947 activities) and fermentation_lci (41). Zheng et al. (2020, J. Clean. Prod. 256:120469) put Chinese industrial MSG fermentation at 6.33-10.7 kg CO2eq/kg, central 8.0, so the missing contribution is about 1.448 kg CO2eq/kg product -- material, and larger than everything this entry does model. It is NOT carried as a flat biosphere CO2 correction, because that is precisely the lumped construction being retired: it would score correctly under GWP100 and ZERO under acidification, re-creating the defect inside the fix. It is NOT proxied onto fermentation_lci's L-tryptophan (12.27 kg CO2eq/kg) either -- tryptophan is a far lower-yielding aerobic fermentation and would overstate MSG by ~50%, and a proxy chosen for availability rather than similarity is a guess with a citation attached. The entry therefore UNDERSTATES its own GWP by a stated, quantified amount, and says so, rather than closing the gap with a number that would be wrong in every impact category except one. The correct fix is an MSG fermentation inventory in lci-fermentation, which is a separate piece of work and is reported here rather than faked. Inventory per kg product: salt 0.609 kg (BAFU 139127), rendered beef fat 0.179 kg (BAFU 195754), meat/savoury extract 0.034 kg (fermentation_lci yeast extract, declared proxy), natural-gas heat 0.014 MJ (BAFU 505329), electricity 0.261 kWh (BAFU 219622), freight 0.2 tkm (BAFU 598293); MSG 0.181 kg NOT modelled (declared gap). Modelled GWP 0.3470 kg CO2eq/kg against a retired flat value of 3.46 (delta -90.0%), of which the unmodelled MSG would add about 1.448. Modelled acidification 0.00082135 kg SO2eq/kg, which was structurally unreachable before. No quantity in this entry was solved backwards from the retired flat value of 3.46 kg CO2eq/kg, from the ZHAW direct EI GWP of 3.897, or from the full-chain EI figure of 6.844. The composition is Panyakaew & Favret 2011 unchanged; every component is now a technosphere edge whose burden is whatever the BAFU or tributary activity computes. The modelled value falls to 0.3470 kg CO2eq/kg, and MOST of that fall is the deliberate removal of the 0.587 kg hand-added cattle gap and the replacement of a 32 kg/kg stacked meat-extract estimate; the rest is the declared MSG gap of 1.448 kg. The retired entry's agreement with its 3.5-8.0 'target range' was reached by adding those two unmodelled terms until the total landed inside it. Reproducing 3.46 would require keeping them. The gap is REPORTED, not tuned away. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_2287b0c631502943": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003113845", "name": "beef slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_beef_slaughter_chilling_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "beef quarter, chilled, beef slaughtering and chilling, French production mix, RER", "terms": [ { "id": "A02JU", "name": "Cattle meat (beef and veal)", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "c_1645", "name": "beef cattle", "ns": "agrovoc" }, { "id": "AGRIBALU000000003113845", "ns": "agribalyse" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2024" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_beef_slaughter_chilling_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "wrong_species_lamb_fallback_guard", "co_product_allocation_gap_for_hide_not_modelled" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: The Big Climate Database v1.2 (CC-BY, 2.-0 LCA/CONCITO), FAO 2013, livestock_lci open model outputs, and BAFU OGD background. No ecoinvent flow-level data copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "livestock_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram beef slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked built from 2 energy / processing, 3 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram beef slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Agribalyse v4 beef slaughter/chilling override for beef quarter, chilled. Replaces wrong-species lamb federated match with a process-based beef slaughter/chilling composite: 2.04082 kg live cattle from livestock_lci + 0.222222 kWh electricity + 0.30612 MJ natural-gas heat + 4.08163 kg process water + 0.00408163 m3 wastewater per kg meat/edible output. Values come from open Big Climate Database v1.2 physical inventory, not from proprietary ecoinvent flows or back-solving to the reference GWP.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.30612, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 4.08163, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.004082, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.222222, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "cattle for slaughtering, dairy-bred fattening, live weight (livestock_lci)", "amount": 2.04082, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.04082 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.04082 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 beef slaughter/chilling override for beef quarter, chilled. Replaces wrong-species lamb federated match with a process-based beef slaughter/chilling composite: 2.04082 kg live cattle from livestock_lci + 0.222222 kWh electricity + 0.30612 MJ natural-gas heat + 4.08163 kg process water + 0.00408163 m3 wastewater per kg meat/edible output. Values come from open Big Climate Database v1.2 physical inventory, not from proprietary ecoinvent flows or back-solving to the reference GWP." }, "repl_7c2d6b5e50d25d4d": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003113847", "name": "beef slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_beef_slaughter_chilling_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "edible beef offal, chilled, beef slaughtering and chilling, French production mix, RER", "terms": [ { "id": "A02JU", "name": "Cattle meat (beef and veal)", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "c_1645", "name": "beef cattle", "ns": "agrovoc" }, { "id": "AGRIBALU000000003113847", "ns": "agribalyse" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2024" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_beef_slaughter_chilling_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "wrong_species_lamb_fallback_guard", "co_product_allocation_gap_for_hide_not_modelled" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "livestock_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram beef slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked built from 2 energy / processing, 3 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram beef slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Agribalyse v4 beef slaughter/chilling override for edible beef offal, chilled. Uses the same open Big Climate Database v1.2 beef meat/edible-output physical inventory as AGRIBALU000000003113845.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.30612, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 4.08163, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.004082, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.222222, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "cattle for slaughtering, dairy-bred fattening, live weight (livestock_lci)", "amount": 2.04082, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.04082 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.04082 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 beef slaughter/chilling override for edible beef offal, chilled. Uses the same open Big Climate Database v1.2 beef meat/edible-output physical inventory as AGRIBALU000000003113845." }, "repl_64e1aa8338925777": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003113852", "name": "beef slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_beef_slaughter_chilling_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "beef quarter for processing, chilled, beef slaughtering and chilling, French production mix, RER", "terms": [ { "id": "A02JU", "name": "Cattle meat (beef and veal)", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "c_1645", "name": "beef cattle", "ns": "agrovoc" }, { "id": "AGRIBALU000000003113852", "ns": "agribalyse" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2024" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_beef_slaughter_chilling_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "wrong_species_lamb_fallback_guard", "co_product_allocation_gap_for_hide_not_modelled" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "livestock_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram beef slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked built from 2 energy / processing, 3 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram beef slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Agribalyse v4 beef slaughter/chilling override for beef quarter for processing, chilled. Uses the same open Big Climate Database v1.2 beef meat/edible-output physical inventory as AGRIBALU000000003113845.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.30612, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 4.08163, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.004082, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.222222, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "cattle for slaughtering, dairy-bred fattening, live weight (livestock_lci)", "amount": 2.04082, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.04082 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.04082 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 beef slaughter/chilling override for beef quarter for processing, chilled. Uses the same open Big Climate Database v1.2 beef meat/edible-output physical inventory as AGRIBALU000000003113845." }, "repl_da4c44f31dc110d1": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003113849", "name": "beef hide (raw), slaughtering and chilling co-product, industrial, French production mix, economic allocation, BAFU-linked", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_beef_hide_slaughter_chilling_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "beef raw hide, slaughtering and chilling co-product, economic allocation, French production mix, RER", "terms": [ { "id": "A02JR", "name": "Cattle hide", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "c_1645", "name": "beef cattle", "ns": "agrovoc" }, { "id": "AGRIBALU000000003113849", "ns": "agribalyse" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03542623", "name": "26230 - stockfish (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2024" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_beef_hide_slaughter_chilling_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "wrong_species_lamb_fallback_guard", "hide_economic_allocation_lunesu_2025", "allocation_factor_source_open_access" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "livestock_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram beef hide (raw), slaughtering and chilling co-product, industrial, French production mix, economic allocation, BAFU-linked built from 2 energy / processing, 3 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram beef hide (raw), slaughtering and chilling co-product, industrial, French production mix, economic allocation, BAFU-linked", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Agribalyse v4 beef hide override for raw hide (PDi), 1 kg. Replaces wrong-species lamb federated match (confidence 0.575) with hide-specific beef slaughter composite. Economic allocation: 2.68% (Lunesu et al. 2025) -> 0.455782 kg live cattle per kg hide; slaughterhouse utilities allocated by same factor. Inventory: 0.455782 kg cattle + 0.04963 kWh electricity + 0.068367 MJ natural-gas heat + 0.911564 kg process water + 0.000912 m3 wastewater per kg raw hide. Open sources only; no proprietary ecoinvent flow data.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.068367, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.911564, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000912, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.04963, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "cattle for slaughtering, dairy-bred fattening, live weight (livestock_lci), economic allocation share", "amount": 0.455782, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.455782 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.455782 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 327.0, "protein_g": 78.5, "fat_g": 1.4, "saturated_fat_g": 0.2, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.1, "water_g": 20.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 138.0, 327.0 ], "protein_g": [ 32.5, 78.5 ], "fat_g": [ 0.9, 1.4 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.2, 0.2 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.1, 0.37338000000000005 ], "water_g": [ 20.0, 66.6 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "dried fish", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 0.594, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 2, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.778, "embedding_distance": 0.222, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Stockfish' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 beef hide override for raw hide (PDi), 1 kg. Replaces wrong-species lamb federated match (confidence 0.575) with hide-specific beef slaughter composite. Economic allocation: 2.68% (Lunesu et al. 2025) -> 0.455782 kg live cattle per kg hide; slaughterhouse utilities allocated by same factor. Inventory: 0.455782 kg cattle + 0.04963 kWh electricity + 0.068367 MJ natural-gas heat + 0.911564 kg process water + 0.000912 m3 wastewater per kg raw hide. Open sources only; no proprietary ecoinvent flow data." }, "repl_4a82a3c0cdfd3756": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003113853", "name": "beef slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_beef_slaughter_chilling_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "beef quarter, chilled, beef slaughtering and chilling, French production mix, RER", "terms": [ { "id": "A02JU", "name": "Cattle meat (beef and veal)", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "c_1645", "name": "beef cattle", "ns": "agrovoc" }, { "id": "AGRIBALU000000003113853", "ns": "agribalyse" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2024" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_beef_slaughter_chilling_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "wrong_species_lamb_fallback_guard", "co_product_allocation_gap_for_hide_not_modelled" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "livestock_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram beef slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked built from 2 energy / processing, 3 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram beef slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Agribalyse v4 beef slaughter/chilling override for beef quarter, chilled. Uses the same open Big Climate Database v1.2 beef meat/edible-output physical inventory as AGRIBALU000000003113845.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.30612, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 4.08163, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.004082, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.222222, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "cattle for slaughtering, dairy-bred fattening, live weight (livestock_lci)", "amount": 2.04082, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.04082 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.04082 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 beef slaughter/chilling override for beef quarter, chilled. Uses the same open Big Climate Database v1.2 beef meat/edible-output physical inventory as AGRIBALU000000003113845." }, "repl_0b7a9715e869931e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/000b3e4e81cc4e349b2d8558226d0ec4", "name": "tomato pulp production, canned", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_tomato_pulp_canned_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "market for canned tomato pulp without transport, Europe", "terms": [ { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2024" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_tomato_pulp_canned_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Anchor activity and all inventory values are open-source only; no proprietary ecoinvent exchange data was copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.8, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram tomato pulp production, canned built from 2 energy / processing, 5 processing input, 5 other input; emissions: land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram tomato pulp production, canned", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Market for tomato pulp, canned (w/o transport, RER): same composite anchor as the production activity. This market adds no separate transport, so it should collapse directly to the open tomato-pulp composite rather than preserve the stale EDB foreground. substitute_edb_self ensures the market UUID resolves to the repaired foreground instead of inheriting the old low-GWP pass-through.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.00104, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "tomato pulping electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "singh_1980" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "tomato pulping electricity_kwh: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.359043, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "tomato pulping natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "singh_1980" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "tomato pulping natural_gas_mj: plant-level inventory (single documented source for the whole stage)", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000484, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "tomato pulping naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "tomato pulping naoh_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitric acid, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000268, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "tomato pulping nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "tomato pulping nitric_acid_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.000268, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "tomato pulping h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "tomato pulping h2o2_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lubricating oil, at plant (RER)", "amount": 3.2e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "tomato pulping lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "delborghi_2014" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "tomato pulping lubricant_kg: consumable inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "tomato pulping machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "cacace_2020" }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "tomato pulping machinery_kg: infrastructure inventory from a documented plant", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall (CH)", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey (RER)", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Roads, company, internal (CH)", "amount": 0.000158, "unit": "square meter-year", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, facilities, chemical production (RER)", "amount": 8.9e-05, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "tomato production, processing grade, open field, modelled (fruit_crops_lci)", "amount": 1.06383, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, built up", "amount": 0.00021, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, built up", "amount": 4e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from unknown", "amount": 5e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 6.3e-05, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Occupation, construction site", "amount": 8e-06, "unit": "m2*year", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to industrial area, vegetation", "amount": 1e-06, "unit": "m2", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Market for tomato pulp, canned (w/o transport, RER): same composite anchor as the production activity. This market adds no separate transport, so it should collapse directly to the open tomato-pulp composite rather than preserve the stale EDB foreground. substitute_edb_self ensures the market UUID resolves to the repaired foreground instead of inheriting the old low-GWP pass-through." }, "repl_fa669dfb814d8189": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/0814044af3ce43e39943cc7a9f2eec50", "name": "Drying of food, 1 kg water", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "196933" }, "sediment": { "intent": "evaporated water, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "intent", "id": "evaporated water, RoW" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "anchor_plus_correction", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "196933" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": null, "note": "Closure reaches only open leaves, but method.kind='anchor_plus_correction' is not a canonical ecoinvent-free kind; no blanket ecoinvent-free assertion is made. All inventory values in this entry come from open BAFU OGD data, an open FOEN report, peer-reviewed drying literature, and first-principles functional-unit matching only. No proprietary ecoinvent flow data was copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.8, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Drying of food, 1 kg water built from 1 energy / processing, 1 other input; emissions: field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Drying of food, 1 kg water", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Fruit powder production, average technology (RER): reference product is 1 kg evaporated water, so this production activity is modelled directly as 1 kg water removed. The average-technology variant is functionally equivalent to the existing cb5b0e9b fruit drum/multistage drying family already anchored to BAFU code 196933 'Drying of food, 1 kg water'. substitute_edb_self=true is required because this is the production activity itself; without self-substitution the remapper preserves the stale EDB foreground and the UUID falls through to metadata-only layers such as water_scarcity_aware. BAFU 196933 provides the open unit-operation inventory for 1 kg water removed (0.88 kWh electricity, 0.0020357 kg steel, 1 m3 water), with gwp100 0.08714 kg CO2eq/kg. No proprietary ecoinvent flow data used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, low voltage, at grid", "amount": 0.88, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "kaegi_2021", "text": "pdf" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Kaegi 2021; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, CH", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "kaegi_2021", "text": "pdf" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Kaegi 2021; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Steel, low-alloyed, at plant", "amount": 0.0020357, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "kaegi_2021", "text": "pdf" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Kaegi 2021; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Fruit powder production, average technology (RER): reference product is 1 kg evaporated water, so this production activity is modelled directly as 1 kg water removed. The average-technology variant is functionally equivalent to the existing cb5b0e9b fruit drum/multistage drying family already anchored to BAFU code 196933 'Drying of food, 1 kg water'. substitute_edb_self=true is required because this is the production activity itself; without self-substitution the remapper preserves the stale EDB foreground and the UUID falls through to metadata-only layers such as water_scarcity_aware. BAFU 196933 provides the open unit-operation inventory for 1 kg water removed (0.88 kWh electricity, 0.0020357 kg steel, 1 m3 water), with gwp100 0.08714 kg CO2eq/kg. No proprietary ecoinvent flow data used." }, "repl_bc8d574935245dc1": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/0a6221236c1dc55050fb91568f1a145e_copy4", "name": "coconut milk processing, heat pasteurisation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_coconut_milk_heat_PH" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Coconut products, PH", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_e9376444" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "PH", "name": "Philippines" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_coconut_milk_heat_PH" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All values from open peer-reviewed literature (Hagenmaier 1975, APCC 2006) and BAFU OGD data. No ecoinvent flow-level data used. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.8, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram coconut milk processing, heat pasteurisation built from 2 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram coconut milk processing, heat pasteurisation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Coconut products (coconut milk) processing, heat — Pattern A IP rebuild (substitute_edb_self=True). EDB record was explicitly derived from ecoinvent (comment: 'Dataset copied and adjusted to Philippines'); all EDB exchange amounts are off-limits. Process: aqueous screw-press extraction and shell-fired steam pasteurisation of fresh coconut meat at scale (5000 kg/h plant). Inventory per kg coconut milk: 0.37 MJ biomass steam via BAFU 194399 (hardwood chips 5000kW, 0.003918 kg CO2eq/MJ, shell-fired biomass proxy) + 0.05 kWh electricity via BAFU 414778 (0.8131 kg CO2eq/kWh). Expected processing GWP: 0.042105 kg CO2eq/kg. Sources: Hagenmaier R.D. (1975) JAOCS 52(7):337-341 (DOI 10.1007/BF02641446) — steam/heat demand for aqueous coconut pressing + pasteurisation; APCC (2006) Technical Bulletin Annex 2 — processing energy survey 40-120 kWh/t (0.050 kWh/kg adopted for heat-only variant without centrifuge). License: no ecoinvent flow-level data used. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, hardwood chips from forest, at furnace 5000kW", "amount": 0.37, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid (PH)", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 395.0, "protein_g": 4.1, "fat_g": 35.4, "saturated_fat_g": 30.5, "carbohydrates_g": 4.8, "sugars_g": 1.0, "fiber_g": 9.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0635, "water_g": 40.95 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 347.9, 456.0 ], "protein_g": [ 3.13, 4.6 ], "fat_g": [ 28.0, 40.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 26.4, 32.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 3.0, 5.6 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 4.8 ], "fiber_g": [ 9.0, 9.9 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.1 ], "water_g": [ 15.5, 54.9 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Coconut", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 1.0, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 4, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.753, "embedding_distance": 0.247, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'coconut products' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Coconut products (coconut milk) processing, heat — Pattern A IP rebuild (substitute_edb_self=True). EDB record was explicitly derived from ecoinvent (comment: 'Dataset copied and adjusted to Philippines'); all EDB exchange amounts are off-limits. Process: aqueous screw-press extraction and shell-fired steam pasteurisation of fresh coconut meat at scale (5000 kg/h plant). Inventory per kg coconut milk: 0.37 MJ biomass steam via BAFU 194399 (hardwood chips 5000kW, 0.003918 kg CO2eq/MJ, shell-fired biomass proxy) + 0.05 kWh electricity via BAFU 414778 (0.8131 kg CO2eq/kWh). Expected processing GWP: 0.042105 kg CO2eq/kg. Sources: Hagenmaier R.D. (1975) JAOCS 52(7):337-341 (DOI 10.1007/BF02641446) — steam/heat demand for aqueous coconut pressing + pasteurisation; APCC (2006) Technical Bulletin Annex 2 — processing energy survey 40-120 kWh/t (0.050 kWh/kg adopted for heat-only variant without centrifuge). License: no ecoinvent flow-level data used. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025." }, "repl_5601e25340abea34": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/0a6221236c1dc55050fb91568f1a145e_copy7", "name": "coconut milk processing, heat pasteurisation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_coconut_milk_heat_LK" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Coconut products, LK", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_e9376444" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "LK", "name": "LK" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_coconut_milk_heat_LK" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All values from open peer-reviewed literature (Hagenmaier 1975, APCC 2006) and BAFU OGD data. No ecoinvent flow-level data used. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.8, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram coconut milk processing, heat pasteurisation built from 2 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram coconut milk processing, heat pasteurisation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Coconut products (coconut milk) processing, heat — Pattern A IP rebuild (substitute_edb_self=True). EDB record was explicitly derived from ecoinvent (comment: 'Dataset copied and adjusted to Sri Lanka'); all EDB exchange amounts are off-limits. Process: aqueous screw-press extraction and shell-fired steam pasteurisation of fresh coconut meat at scale (5000 kg/h plant). Inventory per kg coconut milk: 0.37 MJ biomass steam via BAFU 194399 (hardwood chips 5000kW, 0.003918 kg CO2eq/MJ, shell-fired biomass proxy) + 0.05 kWh electricity via BAFU 264845 (0.7222 kg CO2eq/kWh). Expected processing GWP: 0.03756 kg CO2eq/kg. Sources: Hagenmaier R.D. (1975) JAOCS 52(7):337-341 (DOI 10.1007/BF02641446) — steam/heat demand for aqueous coconut pressing + pasteurisation; APCC (2006) Technical Bulletin Annex 2 — processing energy survey 40-120 kWh/t (0.050 kWh/kg adopted for heat-only variant without centrifuge). License: no ecoinvent flow-level data used. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, hardwood chips from forest, at furnace 5000kW", "amount": 0.37, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid (RAS)", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 395.0, "protein_g": 4.1, "fat_g": 35.4, "saturated_fat_g": 30.5, "carbohydrates_g": 4.8, "sugars_g": 1.0, "fiber_g": 9.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0635, "water_g": 40.95 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 347.9, 456.0 ], "protein_g": [ 3.13, 4.6 ], "fat_g": [ 28.0, 40.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 26.4, 32.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 3.0, 5.6 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 4.8 ], "fiber_g": [ 9.0, 9.9 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.1 ], "water_g": [ 15.5, 54.9 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Coconut", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 1.0, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 4, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.753, "embedding_distance": 0.247, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'coconut products' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Coconut products (coconut milk) processing, heat — Pattern A IP rebuild (substitute_edb_self=True). EDB record was explicitly derived from ecoinvent (comment: 'Dataset copied and adjusted to Sri Lanka'); all EDB exchange amounts are off-limits. Process: aqueous screw-press extraction and shell-fired steam pasteurisation of fresh coconut meat at scale (5000 kg/h plant). Inventory per kg coconut milk: 0.37 MJ biomass steam via BAFU 194399 (hardwood chips 5000kW, 0.003918 kg CO2eq/MJ, shell-fired biomass proxy) + 0.05 kWh electricity via BAFU 264845 (0.7222 kg CO2eq/kWh). Expected processing GWP: 0.03756 kg CO2eq/kg. Sources: Hagenmaier R.D. (1975) JAOCS 52(7):337-341 (DOI 10.1007/BF02641446) — steam/heat demand for aqueous coconut pressing + pasteurisation; APCC (2006) Technical Bulletin Annex 2 — processing energy survey 40-120 kWh/t (0.050 kWh/kg adopted for heat-only variant without centrifuge). License: no ecoinvent flow-level data used. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025." }, "repl_77481e3e18bfd929": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/0d92bd32ef5c43eaa1067260f8aa834c", "name": "hop extract production, supercritical CO2 extraction", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_hop_extract_scco2_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "hop extract, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03315756" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_hop_extract_scco2_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "cooling_water_not_available", "wastewater_not_available", "co2_makeup_estimated" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All values come from independent open literature, first-principles calculations, and BAFU OGD data. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data was inspected, copied, or derived.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram hop extract production, supercritical CO2 extraction built from 2 energy / processing, 2 other input, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram hop extract production, supercritical CO2 extraction", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Hop extract production (RER): Pattern A composite LCI replacing the obsolete lci-fermentation rapeseed-oil anchor+CO2-residual placeholder. Modern industrial hop extract is produced from soft hop pellets by closed-loop supercritical CO2 extraction. Inventory routes 3.64 kg T-90-equivalent hop pellets/kg extract through food_processing_lci/food_processing_hop_pellet_production_RER, plus 1.50 kWh electricity for high-pressure CO2 pumping/compression and condenser auxiliaries, 0.50 MJ heat for CO2 preheating/conditioning, 0.64 kg liquid CO2 makeup, and 0.05 kg tin-coated steel packaging proxy. Upstream hop-pellet activity uses open hop agronomy and pelletization data, including N/P/K fertiliser, lime, farm fuel, irrigation, kilning heat, electricity, cardboard/pallet packaging, and IPCC Tier 1 soil N2O with p5/p95 bounds. Expected composite GWP is about 14.26 kg CO2eq/kg, within the open literature target range 14-23 kg CO2eq/kg and no proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.5, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 1.5, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 1.5 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 1.5 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 1.5 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 1.5 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Carbon dioxide liquid, at plant (RER), closed-loop makeup", "amount": 0.64, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chromium steel sheet 18/8, tin-coated, packaging proxy (CH)", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "hop pellets, T-90-equivalent, open literature proxy", "amount": 3.64, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (3.64 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (3.64 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Hop extract production (RER): Pattern A composite LCI replacing the obsolete lci-fermentation rapeseed-oil anchor+CO2-residual placeholder. Modern industrial hop extract is produced from soft hop pellets by closed-loop supercritical CO2 extraction. Inventory routes 3.64 kg T-90-equivalent hop pellets/kg extract through food_processing_lci/food_processing_hop_pellet_production_RER, plus 1.50 kWh electricity for high-pressure CO2 pumping/compression and condenser auxiliaries, 0.50 MJ heat for CO2 preheating/conditioning, 0.64 kg liquid CO2 makeup, and 0.05 kg tin-coated steel packaging proxy. Upstream hop-pellet activity uses open hop agronomy and pelletization data, including N/P/K fertiliser, lime, farm fuel, irrigation, kilning heat, electricity, cardboard/pallet packaging, and IPCC Tier 1 soil N2O with p5/p95 bounds. Expected composite GWP is about 14.26 kg CO2eq/kg, within the open literature target range 14-23 kg CO2eq/kg and no proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data is used." }, "repl_d1a8e72e5b3b1352": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/1243704b672c99c62459b2e09b120f0e_copy1", "name": "paprika powder production, gate-to-gate, GLO blend", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_paprika_powder_production_GLO" }, "sediment": { "intent": "paprika powder, GLO", "terms": [ { "id": "A019L", "name": "Paprika powder", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "GLO", "name": "Global", "ns": "gadm" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541406", "name": "14060 - paprika powder (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2020" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_paprika_powder_production_GLO" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "shared_modelled_activity_with_lci_fruit_bell_pepper", "glo_blended_drying_route", "uncertainty_dominated_by_drying_route" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open literature (Wolfson 2021 CC-BY-NC-ND, Kurniawati 2023), public FAOSTAT statistics, open lci-fruit GLO bell pepper market, and BAFU OGD catalog activities only. No ecoinvent flow-level data copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram paprika powder production, gate-to-gate, GLO blend built from 2 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram paprika powder production, gate-to-gate, GLO blend", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Pattern A composite for paprika powder, GLO. Substitutes the EDB foreground (which routed paprika powder almost entirely to fresh pepper crop inputs without any explicit drying or grinding step) with an open process-based reconstruction: 4.7 kg red-ripe paprika-cultivar pepper (lci-fruit paprika_pepper GLO production, fruit_crops_lci 20fc6936095e9bd1d9673bf05c6b9a1b, Capsicum annuum cv. paprika at ~80 wt% moisture) + 15 MJ natural-gas heat for drying + 0.10 kWh electricity for grinding/sifting/cooling + 0.07 kg tap water for moisture readjustment to 10 wt%. Mass balance from moisture content (80 wt% fresh -> 10 wt% powder = 4.5 kg/kg theoretical plus ~5% post-harvest losses = 4.7 kg/kg; cross-checked against Wolfson 2021 Table 7, 1.504 kg raw paprika at 40 wt% per kg powder = 4.51 kg fresh at 80 wt%). CORRECTION: an earlier reconstruction used the fresh-market sweet bell pepper GLO market (10131f71..., ~90 wt%) at 9.5 kg/kg; that is agronomically distinct from the red-ripe paprika capsicum the powder is milled from and the 9.5 kg/kg ratio is calibrated for 90% moisture -- the upstream and mass ratio were corrected in domains/paprika_powder.py. Drying energy is a GLO blend assuming ~70% sun-drying (India/Spain/Hungary/China traditional, zero NG) + ~30% industrial oven (Israel/Spain premium, Wolfson 2021 base scenario). Electricity from Wolfson 2021 Israeli plant data, halved for the global average per the Indian-plant assumption. Upstream agricultural emissions (field N2O, fertiliser, irrigation) remain in lci-fruit. Retail packaging is intentionally out of scope (production activity, not packed-product market). Sources: Wolfson A. et al. (2021) Sustainable Production and Consumption 26:498-510 (CC-BY-NC-ND); Kurniawati D.A. (2023) chilli powder gate-to-gate cross-check; FAOSTAT 2020 item 401 production shares. No ecoinvent flow data used. BAFU OGD attribution: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 15.0, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.1, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.07, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "paprika pepper production, modelled (fruit_crops_lci GLO)", "amount": 4.7, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (4.7 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (4.7 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 343.7468358, "protein_g": 14.8, "fat_g": 13.0, "saturated_fat_g": 2.105, "carbohydrates_g": 34.95, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 20.9, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.086495, "water_g": 10.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 313.34, 387.0 ], "protein_g": [ 14.1, 15.5 ], "fat_g": [ 11.6, 14.1 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 1.7, 2.9 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 18.3, 59.1 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 10.34 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 42.5 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.03048, 0.2 ], "water_g": [ 5.5, 20.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A019L", "matched_term_name": "Paprika powder", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 8, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "FoodEx2 facet walk: the product is processed, so the fresh term was followed via its F27 source commodity to the sibling carrying the matching F28 process (foodex2:A019L 'Paprika powder')" ] }, "notes": "Pattern A composite for paprika powder, GLO. Substitutes the EDB foreground (which routed paprika powder almost entirely to fresh pepper crop inputs without any explicit drying or grinding step) with an open process-based reconstruction: 4.7 kg red-ripe paprika-cultivar pepper (lci-fruit paprika_pepper GLO production, fruit_crops_lci 20fc6936095e9bd1d9673bf05c6b9a1b, Capsicum annuum cv. paprika at ~80 wt% moisture) + 15 MJ natural-gas heat for drying + 0.10 kWh electricity for grinding/sifting/cooling + 0.07 kg tap water for moisture readjustment to 10 wt%. Mass balance from moisture content (80 wt% fresh -> 10 wt% powder = 4.5 kg/kg theoretical plus ~5% post-harvest losses = 4.7 kg/kg; cross-checked against Wolfson 2021 Table 7, 1.504 kg raw paprika at 40 wt% per kg powder = 4.51 kg fresh at 80 wt%). CORRECTION: an earlier reconstruction used the fresh-market sweet bell pepper GLO market (10131f71..., ~90 wt%) at 9.5 kg/kg; that is agronomically distinct from the red-ripe paprika capsicum the powder is milled from and the 9.5 kg/kg ratio is calibrated for 90% moisture -- the upstream and mass ratio were corrected in domains/paprika_powder.py. Drying energy is a GLO blend assuming ~70% sun-drying (India/Spain/Hungary/China traditional, zero NG) + ~30% industrial oven (Israel/Spain premium, Wolfson 2021 base scenario). Electricity from Wolfson 2021 Israeli plant data, halved for the global average per the Indian-plant assumption. Upstream agricultural emissions (field N2O, fertiliser, irrigation) remain in lci-fruit. Retail packaging is intentionally out of scope (production activity, not packed-product market). Sources: Wolfson A. et al. (2021) Sustainable Production and Consumption 26:498-510 (CC-BY-NC-ND); Kurniawati D.A. (2023) chilli powder gate-to-gate cross-check; FAOSTAT 2020 item 401 production shares. No ecoinvent flow data used. BAFU OGD attribution: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." }, "repl_e40fbbe564bfafd2": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/177955a0aff148b4bfd4bc548f0a9b2c", "name": "pea processing, to isolate, starch, and hulls", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_pea_protein_isolate_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "pea protein isolate 80% protein, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0CJG" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "proteinNitrogenContent" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6259" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_pea_protein_isolate_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram pea processing, to isolate, starch, and hulls built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram pea processing, to isolate, starch, and hulls", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Pea protein isolate 80% protein, wet fractionation (RER): full-system reconstruction anchored on BAFU 526524 (protein peas FR, 3.5 kg/kg isolate) + 0.75 kWh electricity + 4.5 MJ NG heat per kg isolate. Root cause: activity was absent from all tributary layers; BAFU automated background substitution (ecoinvent district heat market → BAFU direct boiler) inflated processing GWP by +10.9% (3.036 → 3.367). Reconstruction uses BAFU technosphere activities throughout; processing energy from Boye et al. (2010), Lie-Piang et al. (2021), Thrane & Paulsen (2024). GWP: 3.049 vs EI ref 3.036 (+0.4%). No ecoinvent flow-level data used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.75, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.5, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "protein peas conventional, Barrois, at farm (FR, BAFU 526524)", "amount": 3.5, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Pea protein isolate 80% protein, wet fractionation (RER): full-system reconstruction anchored on BAFU 526524 (protein peas FR, 3.5 kg/kg isolate) + 0.75 kWh electricity + 4.5 MJ NG heat per kg isolate. Root cause: activity was absent from all tributary layers; BAFU automated background substitution (ecoinvent district heat market → BAFU direct boiler) inflated processing GWP by +10.9% (3.036 → 3.367). Reconstruction uses BAFU technosphere activities throughout; processing energy from Boye et al. (2010), Lie-Piang et al. (2021), Thrane & Paulsen (2024). GWP: 3.049 vs EI ref 3.036 (+0.4%). No ecoinvent flow-level data used." }, "repl_2b3722bcbbce7f63": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/177955a0aff148b4bfd4bc548f0a9b2c_copy2", "name": "rice processing, to protein isolate (80% protein)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_rice_protein_isolate_RER" }, "sediment": { "gadm": "RER", "intent": "rice protein isolate 80% protein, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0CJG" }, "proteinNitrogenContent", { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6259" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_rice_protein_isolate_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All retained exchange amounts are the open development-side technosphere values read from the remapped open EDB_BAFU development record (project EDB_BAFU, database EDB_bafu_remapped, code 177955a0aff148b4bfd4bc548f0a9b2c_copy2). BAFU/UVEK activities are open OGD data. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level amounts were copied or transcribed.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram rice processing, to protein isolate (80% protein) built from 2 energy / processing, 5 other input, 1 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram rice processing, to protein isolate (80% protein)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Rice protein isolate, wet fractionation (RER): Pattern A composite LCI plus substitute_edb_self. copy2 was previously unmapped and resolved to the PEA isolate composite (~2.86 kg CO2eq/kg) or dropped its rice-grain feedstock to the gate-to-gate rice-milling co-product, leaving development at ~3.20 vs reference 9.184147 (-65%). This override installs food_processing_lci/food_processing_rice_protein_isolate_RER using only openly recoverable development-side technosphere amounts: 3.222222 kg Rice at farm (BAFU 405642, the missing feedstock burden), 1.544444 kWh electricity, 31.410667 MJ heat (22.697333 + 8.713333), 0.011622 kg hexane, 0.004420 kg phosphoric acid, 0.024811 kg bentonite, 1.388889 tkm lorry, 0.024111 tkm freight train. The EDB 'Oil mill' infrastructure unit (BAFU 530843, 0.01377 kg CO2eq, <0.2%) and the negative-trace sewage exchange are left unmodelled rather than back-filled from restricted data. Reconstructed composite GWP = 9.27388 kg CO2eq/kg vs reference 9.184147 (+0.98%), matching the documented expected 9.287794 and the market wrapper sibling.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 1.544444, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 31.410667, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.011622, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Phosphoric acid, industrial grade, 85% in H2O, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.00442, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Rice, at farm (US, BAFU 405642)", "amount": 3.222222, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Bentonite, at processing (DE, BAFU 473746)", "amount": 0.024811, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average (BAFU 453425)", "amount": 1.388889, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Operation, freight train (BAFU 242000)", "amount": 0.024111, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Rice protein isolate, wet fractionation (RER): Pattern A composite LCI plus substitute_edb_self. copy2 was previously unmapped and resolved to the PEA isolate composite (~2.86 kg CO2eq/kg) or dropped its rice-grain feedstock to the gate-to-gate rice-milling co-product, leaving development at ~3.20 vs reference 9.184147 (-65%). This override installs food_processing_lci/food_processing_rice_protein_isolate_RER using only openly recoverable development-side technosphere amounts: 3.222222 kg Rice at farm (BAFU 405642, the missing feedstock burden), 1.544444 kWh electricity, 31.410667 MJ heat (22.697333 + 8.713333), 0.011622 kg hexane, 0.004420 kg phosphoric acid, 0.024811 kg bentonite, 1.388889 tkm lorry, 0.024111 tkm freight train. The EDB 'Oil mill' infrastructure unit (BAFU 530843, 0.01377 kg CO2eq, <0.2%) and the negative-trace sewage exchange are left unmodelled rather than back-filled from restricted data. Reconstructed composite GWP = 9.27388 kg CO2eq/kg vs reference 9.184147 (+0.98%), matching the documented expected 9.287794 and the market wrapper sibling." }, "repl_53ffc27b2078efed": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/177955a0aff148b4bfd4bc548f0a9b2c_copy5", "name": "pea processing, to isolate, starch, and hulls", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_pea_protein_isolate_FR" }, "sediment": { "gadm": "FR", "intent": "pea protein isolate 80% protein, FR, economic allocation", "terms": [ { "ns": "iso3", "id": "FR", "name": "France", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_pea_protein_isolate_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram pea processing, to isolate, starch, and hulls built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram pea processing, to isolate, starch, and hulls", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Pea protein isolate 80% protein, wet fractionation (FR, copy5): economically allocated multi-output reconstruction. Same wet fractionation process as RER base (Boye 2010, Lie-Piang 2021), but with 50% economic allocation to isolate co-product (isolate + starch + hulls). FR location uses BAFU 269314 (FR medium voltage electricity, 0.0723 kg CO2/kWh) for geographic accuracy. Root cause: copy5 absent from all tributary layers; exchange-level remapping replaced ecoinvent district heat (0.051 kg CO2/MJ) with BAFU direct boiler (0.0749 kg CO2/MJ), inflating GWP by ~32%. Fix: food_processing_reconstruction with substitute_edb_self to replace all exchanges with BAFU technosphere composite. No ecoinvent flow-level data used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.375, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.25, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "protein peas conventional, Barrois, at farm (FR, BAFU 526524)", "amount": 1.75, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Pea protein isolate 80% protein, wet fractionation (FR, copy5): economically allocated multi-output reconstruction. Same wet fractionation process as RER base (Boye 2010, Lie-Piang 2021), but with 50% economic allocation to isolate co-product (isolate + starch + hulls). FR location uses BAFU 269314 (FR medium voltage electricity, 0.0723 kg CO2/kWh) for geographic accuracy. Root cause: copy5 absent from all tributary layers; exchange-level remapping replaced ecoinvent district heat (0.051 kg CO2/MJ) with BAFU direct boiler (0.0749 kg CO2/MJ), inflating GWP by ~32%. Fix: food_processing_reconstruction with substitute_edb_self to replace all exchanges with BAFU technosphere composite. No ecoinvent flow-level data used." }, "repl_10c214e470e9feb6": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/19902bf4ea574644a20d6d7cb6d24e91", "name": "Soybean meal, at oil mill", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "232293" }, "sediment": { "intent": "defatted soy flour, RER", "terms": [ { "id": "A0BCR", "name": "Defatted soya flour", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "fddcbd60-b128-582b-beed-dee48ece4e12", "name": "defatted soy flour", "ns": "ecoinvent" }, { "id": "2361", "name": "2361", "ns": "cpc" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "anchor_plus_correction", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "232293" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "cooling_water_not_available", "proxy_defatted_soy_flour_to_soybean_meal_anchor", "no_biosphere_uncertainty_required_empty_biosphere_exchanges" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": null, "note": "Closure reaches only open leaves, but method.kind='anchor_plus_correction' is not a canonical ecoinvent-free kind; no blanket ecoinvent-free assertion is made. All inventory amounts are from open BAFU OGD data and public LUC/model sources. BAFU attribution: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025. No proprietary ecoinvent exchange list or flow amount was copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Soybean meal, at oil mill built from 6 other input, 3 transport, 4 energy / processing; emissions: field emission (carbon), field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Soybean meal, at oil mill", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Defatted soy flour production (RER): process-based direct substitution to BAFU 232293 'Soybean meal, at oil mill'. Commercial defatted soy flour is defatted soybean flakes/meal ground to flour fineness, so the open BAFU soybean-meal oil-mill process is the closest physical anchor. Verification in the current EDB_BAFU Brightway project showed the existing upstream soy-flour activity already carries a stale 1.757829 kg land-transformation exchange and the prior manual 0.592873 kg correction, producing the observed double-counted 2.9725 kg CO2eq/kg. This exact UUID therefore self-substitutes to the open BAFU anchor and adds no extra biosphere exchange. The resulting process-based score is 1.465551 kg CO2eq/kg, inside the independent 1.2-2.1 sanity band and close to the proprietary reference used only for comparison. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data was used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Oil mill", "amount": 1.2958e-10, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, waste", "amount": 3.1512813202321275, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Soybeans, at farm", "amount": 0.78155, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, rail", "amount": 0.0010803, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at industrial furnace 1MW", "amount": 0.78006, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Phosphoric acid, industrial grade, 85% in H2O, at plant", "amount": 0.00012781, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid", "amount": 0.052556, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane, at plant", "amount": 0.0016727, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, at hard coal industrial furnace 1-10MW", "amount": 0.12096, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user", "amount": 0.067057, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW", "amount": 0.051433, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, 7.5t-16t gross weight, fleet average", "amount": 0.078155, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 9.0027e-05, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Carbon dioxide, in air", "amount": 0.0135, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (carbon)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane", "amount": 0.0016727, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, from residence, to wastewater treatment, class 2", "amount": 7.0207e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (carbon)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Defatted soy flour production (RER): process-based direct substitution to BAFU 232293 'Soybean meal, at oil mill'. Commercial defatted soy flour is defatted soybean flakes/meal ground to flour fineness, so the open BAFU soybean-meal oil-mill process is the closest physical anchor. Verification in the current EDB_BAFU Brightway project showed the existing upstream soy-flour activity already carries a stale 1.757829 kg land-transformation exchange and the prior manual 0.592873 kg correction, producing the observed double-counted 2.9725 kg CO2eq/kg. This exact UUID therefore self-substitutes to the open BAFU anchor and adds no extra biosphere exchange. The resulting process-based score is 1.465551 kg CO2eq/kg, inside the independent 1.2-2.1 sanity band and close to the proprietary reference used only for comparison. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data was used." }, "repl_7ef84d6ea3c3346b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/1abb943479d90b6b2841c45d8781a10e_copy1", "name": "coconut sugar production", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_coconut_sugar_production_RoW" }, "sediment": { "intent": "sugar, from coconut, RoW", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_7498" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "C0108" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03420108" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RoW", "name": "Rest of World" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_coconut_sugar_production_RoW" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All values come from open peer-reviewed literature, open Philippine government publications, first-principles thermodynamic calculations, and BAFU OGD activities. No ecoinvent flow-level data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram coconut sugar production built from 2 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram coconut sugar production", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Coconut sugar production (RoW): Pattern A composite LCI + substitute_edb_self. The prior open BAFTU record was an admitted derivative of proprietary beet sugar data and carried non-coconut inputs such as limestone, ammonia, and heavy fuel oil. Rebuilt from open literature as a gate-to-gate coconut sap evaporation plus crystallisation/drying process. Central inventory per kg sugar: 57.844592 MJ wood heat + 3.312613 MJ propane/butane heat via BAFU proxies, derived from 8.08 L sap per kg sugar, 1.73 L syrup per kg sugar, first-principles evaporation energy 18.347 MJ/kg, and 30% effective open-pan thermal efficiency. Processing GWP through BAFU technosphere = 1.019 kg CO2eq/kg. RoW uses the Philippine field process as the best available open proxy for smallholder tropical coconut-sap sugar production.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, hardwood logs, at furnace 50kW", "amount": 57.844592, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, propane/butane, at boiler condensing modulating 50kW", "amount": 3.312613, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 397.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 0.0, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 99.8, "sugars_g": 99.80000152587891, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00254, "water_g": 0.1 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 376.0, 406.3102 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 3.4 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 3.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 1.52 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 94.0, 104.5 ], "sugars_g": [ 93.0, 104.5 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 3.7 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.012700000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 1.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "agrovoc:c_7498", "matched_term_name": "sugar", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 27, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "origin 'AT' (Köppen Dfb) not climatically near any covered country; generic fallback" ] }, "notes": "Coconut sugar production (RoW): Pattern A composite LCI + substitute_edb_self. The prior open BAFTU record was an admitted derivative of proprietary beet sugar data and carried non-coconut inputs such as limestone, ammonia, and heavy fuel oil. Rebuilt from open literature as a gate-to-gate coconut sap evaporation plus crystallisation/drying process. Central inventory per kg sugar: 57.844592 MJ wood heat + 3.312613 MJ propane/butane heat via BAFU proxies, derived from 8.08 L sap per kg sugar, 1.73 L syrup per kg sugar, first-principles evaporation energy 18.347 MJ/kg, and 30% effective open-pan thermal efficiency. Processing GWP through BAFU technosphere = 1.019 kg CO2eq/kg. RoW uses the Philippine field process as the best available open proxy for smallholder tropical coconut-sap sugar production." }, "repl_3ee8b3e0be2ef553": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/1abb943479d90b6b2841c45d8781a10e_copy4", "name": "coconut sugar production", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_coconut_sugar_production_ID" }, "sediment": { "intent": "sugar, from coconut, ID", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_7498" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "C0108" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03420108" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "ID", "name": "Indonesia" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_coconut_sugar_production_ID" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All values come from open peer-reviewed literature, open Philippine government publications, first-principles thermodynamic calculations, and BAFU OGD activities. No ecoinvent flow-level data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram coconut sugar production built from 2 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram coconut sugar production", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Coconut sugar production (ID): Pattern A composite LCI + substitute_edb_self. The prior open BAFTU record was an admitted derivative of proprietary beet sugar data and carried non-coconut inputs such as limestone, ammonia, and heavy fuel oil. Rebuilt from open literature as a gate-to-gate coconut sap evaporation plus crystallisation/drying process. Central inventory per kg sugar: 57.844592 MJ wood heat + 3.312613 MJ propane/butane heat via BAFU proxies, derived from 8.08 L sap per kg sugar, 1.73 L syrup per kg sugar, first-principles evaporation energy 18.347 MJ/kg, and 30% effective open-pan thermal efficiency. Processing GWP through BAFU technosphere = 1.019 kg CO2eq/kg. Indonesian copy uses the same tropical smallholder process proxy as PH because no independent open Indonesian LCI inventory was found.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, hardwood logs, at furnace 50kW", "amount": 57.844592, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, propane/butane, at boiler condensing modulating 50kW", "amount": 3.312613, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 397.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 0.0, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 99.8, "sugars_g": 99.80000152587891, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00254, "water_g": 0.1 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 376.0, 406.3102 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 3.4 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 3.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 1.52 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 94.0, 104.5 ], "sugars_g": [ 93.0, 104.5 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 3.7 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.012700000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 1.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "agrovoc:c_7498", "matched_term_name": "sugar", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 27, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "origin 'ID' (Köppen Af) not climatically near any covered country; generic fallback" ] }, "notes": "Coconut sugar production (ID): Pattern A composite LCI + substitute_edb_self. The prior open BAFTU record was an admitted derivative of proprietary beet sugar data and carried non-coconut inputs such as limestone, ammonia, and heavy fuel oil. Rebuilt from open literature as a gate-to-gate coconut sap evaporation plus crystallisation/drying process. Central inventory per kg sugar: 57.844592 MJ wood heat + 3.312613 MJ propane/butane heat via BAFU proxies, derived from 8.08 L sap per kg sugar, 1.73 L syrup per kg sugar, first-principles evaporation energy 18.347 MJ/kg, and 30% effective open-pan thermal efficiency. Processing GWP through BAFU technosphere = 1.019 kg CO2eq/kg. Indonesian copy uses the same tropical smallholder process proxy as PH because no independent open Indonesian LCI inventory was found." }, "repl_7aa0798bc66fde98": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/1abb943479d90b6b2841c45d8781a10e_copy5", "name": "coconut sugar production", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_coconut_sugar_production_PH" }, "sediment": { "intent": "sugar, from coconut, PH", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_7498" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "C0108" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03420108" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "PH", "name": "Philippines" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_coconut_sugar_production_PH" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All values come from open peer-reviewed literature, open Philippine government publications, first-principles thermodynamic calculations, and BAFU OGD activities. No ecoinvent flow-level data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram coconut sugar production built from 2 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram coconut sugar production", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Coconut sugar production (PH): Pattern A composite LCI + substitute_edb_self. The prior open BAFTU record was an admitted derivative of proprietary beet sugar data and carried non-coconut inputs such as limestone, ammonia, and heavy fuel oil. Rebuilt from open literature as a gate-to-gate coconut sap evaporation plus crystallisation/drying process. Central inventory per kg sugar: 57.844592 MJ wood heat + 3.312613 MJ propane/butane heat via BAFU proxies, derived from 8.08 L sap per kg sugar, 1.73 L syrup per kg sugar, first-principles evaporation energy 18.347 MJ/kg, and 30% effective open-pan thermal efficiency. Processing GWP through BAFU technosphere = 1.019 kg CO2eq/kg. This uses the observed Philippine processor mix directly rather than beet sugar surrogate exchanges.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, hardwood logs, at furnace 50kW", "amount": 57.844592, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, propane/butane, at boiler condensing modulating 50kW", "amount": 3.312613, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 397.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 0.0, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 99.8, "sugars_g": 99.80000152587891, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00254, "water_g": 0.1 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 376.0, 406.3102 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 3.4 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 3.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 1.52 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 94.0, 104.5 ], "sugars_g": [ 93.0, 104.5 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 3.7 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.012700000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 0.0, 1.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "agrovoc:c_7498", "matched_term_name": "sugar", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 27, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "origin 'PH' (Köppen Af) not climatically near any covered country; generic fallback" ] }, "notes": "Coconut sugar production (PH): Pattern A composite LCI + substitute_edb_self. The prior open BAFTU record was an admitted derivative of proprietary beet sugar data and carried non-coconut inputs such as limestone, ammonia, and heavy fuel oil. Rebuilt from open literature as a gate-to-gate coconut sap evaporation plus crystallisation/drying process. Central inventory per kg sugar: 57.844592 MJ wood heat + 3.312613 MJ propane/butane heat via BAFU proxies, derived from 8.08 L sap per kg sugar, 1.73 L syrup per kg sugar, first-principles evaporation energy 18.347 MJ/kg, and 30% effective open-pan thermal efficiency. Processing GWP through BAFU technosphere = 1.019 kg CO2eq/kg. This uses the observed Philippine processor mix directly rather than beet sugar surrogate exchanges." }, "repl_108624f106d36e00": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/35218e3b19034dcc91d207c951a8ec28_copy1", "name": "date syrup production, extraction and evaporative concentration", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_date_syrup_extraction_evaporation_GLO" }, "sediment": { "intent": "date syrup, GLO", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "date-syrups" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "GLO", "name": "Global" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_date_syrup_extraction_evaporation_GLO" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram date syrup production, extraction and evaporative concentration built from 2 energy / processing, 2 other input; emissions: field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram date syrup production, extraction and evaporative concentration", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Market for date syrup, w/o transport (GLO): no-transport market sibling anchored directly to the same open date-syrup composite as the production UUID. This keeps the two pair siblings consistent after remap: the market record has no additional transport or packaging burden of its own, so it should resolve to the same plant-gate activity rather than remain a water-scarcity-only stub.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 9.263497, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.048077, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 2.403846, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm date production, modelled", "amount": 1.442308, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (1.442308 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (1.442308 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 36.057692, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 36.057692, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 286.09, "protein_g": 1.2000000476837158, "fat_g": 0.4, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 67.95, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 4.129756097560976, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0020320000000000004, "water_g": 27.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 144.0, 301.0 ], "protein_g": [ 1.18, 2.9 ], "fat_g": [ 0.1, 0.5 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.10000000149011612 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 33.370243902439015, 77.3 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 70.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 8.04 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.01778 ], "water_g": [ 17.7, 59.2 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "off:date-syrups", "matched_term_name": "Date syrups", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 7, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Market for date syrup, w/o transport (GLO): no-transport market sibling anchored directly to the same open date-syrup composite as the production UUID. This keeps the two pair siblings consistent after remap: the market record has no additional transport or packaging burden of its own, so it should resolve to the same plant-gate activity rather than remain a water-scarcity-only stub." }, "repl_35cfec7bb4e5999d": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/389bb4a082f1ef2d2682fcf56a26ce44_copy1", "name": "meat extract production, broth clarification and concentration", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_meat_extract_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Meat extract, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A043M" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03315424" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_4673" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_meat_extract_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All inventory values come from open patents, public process-engineering literature, BAFU OGD factors, and first-principles calculations. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data was copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.69, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram meat extract production, broth clarification and concentration built from 2 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram meat extract production, broth clarification and concentration", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Meat extract, at plant (RER): Pattern A composite LCI with substitute_edb_self. No dedicated BAFU meat-extract activity exists, so this production UUID is collapsed to food_processing_lci/food_processing_meat_extract_RER. The open reconstruction treats meat extract as concentration of secondary meat broth / meat juices from meat processing, consistent with CA2095391A1's description of modern meat extract as a by-product and with U.S. Patent 4,113,884's industrial broth-concentrate example (2,000 kg broth -> 250 kg concentrate at 80% dry matter). Per kg extract, the model applies 4.489207 MJ natural-gas heat (1.44 MJ clarification reheating from 55 to 100 C plus 3.049207 MJ conventional evaporator duty for 7 kg water removed) and 0.013067 kWh electricity from Bucher Unipektin's conventional evaporator benchmark. Expected composite GWP is 0.3395 kg CO2eq/kg, replacing the currently unmapped placeholder without using proprietary ecoinvent exchanges.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 4.489207, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 4.489207 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 4.489207 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 4.489207 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 4.489207 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.013067, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.013067 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.013067 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.013067 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.013067 kWh.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 238.49, "protein_g": 15.96875, "fat_g": 8.89, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 23.65125, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 56.25, "water_g": 3.27 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 238.49, 238.49 ], "protein_g": [ 15.96875, 15.96875 ], "fat_g": [ 8.89, 8.89 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 23.65125, 23.65125 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 56.25, 56.25 ], "water_g": [ 3.27, 3.27 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "cube", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.854, "embedding_distance": 0.146, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Meat extract' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Meat extract, at plant (RER): Pattern A composite LCI with substitute_edb_self. No dedicated BAFU meat-extract activity exists, so this production UUID is collapsed to food_processing_lci/food_processing_meat_extract_RER. The open reconstruction treats meat extract as concentration of secondary meat broth / meat juices from meat processing, consistent with CA2095391A1's description of modern meat extract as a by-product and with U.S. Patent 4,113,884's industrial broth-concentrate example (2,000 kg broth -> 250 kg concentrate at 80% dry matter). Per kg extract, the model applies 4.489207 MJ natural-gas heat (1.44 MJ clarification reheating from 55 to 100 C plus 3.049207 MJ conventional evaporator duty for 7 kg water removed) and 0.013067 kWh electricity from Bucher Unipektin's conventional evaporator benchmark. Expected composite GWP is 0.3395 kg CO2eq/kg, replacing the currently unmapped placeholder without using proprietary ecoinvent exchanges." }, "repl_530efd53e50956a9": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/3c84753e6ee541d3b25d993a9c272954_copy2", "name": "pineapple juice production, artisanal mechanical extraction", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_pineapple_juice_artisanal_smallholder_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "pineapple juice production, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6200" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0B9A" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_pineapple_juice_artisanal_smallholder_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All inventory values in this entry come from open literature, workspace open-source tributary outputs, and BAFU OGD activities only. No proprietary ecoinvent flow data was copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram pineapple juice production, artisanal mechanical extraction built from 1 energy / processing, 6 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram pineapple juice production, artisanal mechanical extraction", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Pineapple juice production (_copy2, RER-labelled foreground): rebuilt as an open composite activity from Mfitumukiza et al. (2019) instead of the missing-mapping placeholder chain. The composite uses 3.6866 kg pineapple/kg juice via the current fruit_crops_lci GLO pineapple proxy, 0.004424 kWh electricity for wash-water pumping + extraction + packaging, 0.4424 kg wash water, 0.000443 m3 wastewater, 0.000977 kg polyethylene packaging, and 0.5161 kg peels plus 1.2442 kg suckers to BAFU biowaste treatment. No direct biosphere CO2 is used; all burdens flow through BAFU or fruit_crops_lci technosphere inputs. The source study is a Uganda smallholder process although the EDB record is labelled RER, so the location mismatch is documented explicitly rather than hidden.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.004424, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.004424 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.004424 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.004424 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.004424 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.442396, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.000443, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "pineapple production, modelled (fruit_crops_lci GLO proxy)", "amount": 3.686636, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (3.686636 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (3.686636 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Polyethylene, LDPE, granulate, at plant", "amount": 0.000977, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation", "amount": 0.516129, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation", "amount": 1.24424, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Pineapple juice production (_copy2, RER-labelled foreground): rebuilt as an open composite activity from Mfitumukiza et al. (2019) instead of the missing-mapping placeholder chain. The composite uses 3.6866 kg pineapple/kg juice via the current fruit_crops_lci GLO pineapple proxy, 0.004424 kWh electricity for wash-water pumping + extraction + packaging, 0.4424 kg wash water, 0.000443 m3 wastewater, 0.000977 kg polyethylene packaging, and 0.5161 kg peels plus 1.2442 kg suckers to BAFU biowaste treatment. No direct biosphere CO2 is used; all burdens flow through BAFU or fruit_crops_lci technosphere inputs. The source study is a Uganda smallholder process although the EDB record is labelled RER, so the location mismatch is documented explicitly rather than hidden." }, "repl_7b327441ec84700a": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/4264d60de1087c7aa3fc2cc9e14ab5fe_copy1", "name": "potato protein production, wet separation and drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_potato_protein_DE" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Potato protein production with explicit wet separation and drying, Germany", "terms": [ { "id": "A00NP", "name": "Potato protein", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "DEU", "name": "Germany", "ns": "gadm" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540405", "name": "04050 - pokeweed (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2025" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_potato_protein_DE" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange quantities in this override come from open sources only: the open development-record export, open peer-reviewed drying literature, and BAFU OGD background processes. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level inventory was copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.84, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram potato protein production, wet separation and drying built from 4 other input, 2 energy / processing, 1 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram potato protein production, wet separation and drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Potato protein, at plant, Eaternity UP/DE (DE): Pattern A composite LCI plus substitute_edb_self. The current open development inventory already exposes the shared wet-milling inputs and utilities at product level: 4.355556 kg potatoes IP, 4.141111 kg tap water, 0.186111 kWh electricity, 1.804444 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.108889 tkm lorry transport, 0.00645667 m3 potato-starch effluent treatment, and trace chemical-plant infrastructure. This override preserves that open plant structure but closes the missing drying boundary with literature-based modern dryer heat demand from Piatkowski et al. (2025): 2.35 kWh heat per kg potato protein after waste-heat recovery, i.e. +8.46 MJ/kg. Total heat on the composite becomes 10.264444 MJ/kg. Using open BAFU technosphere proxies for all exchanges yields an expected remapped GWP of 1.4722 kg CO2eq/kg, versus the reference 1.4428 (+2.0%). This replaces the stale no-op path where the historical 2026-03-14 fix existed only in generated output and the live merged mapping for _copy1 retained only a water-scarcity stub.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Potatoes IP, at farm", "amount": 4.355556, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, water balance according to MoeK 2013, at user", "amount": 4.141111, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid", "amount": 0.186111, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler condensing modulating >100kW", "amount": 10.264444, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, 16t-32t gross weight, fleet average", "amount": 0.108889, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chemical plant, organics", "amount": 4.44e-10, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, potato starch production effluent, to wastewater treatment, class 2", "amount": 0.006457, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Potato protein, at plant, Eaternity UP/DE (DE): Pattern A composite LCI plus substitute_edb_self. The current open development inventory already exposes the shared wet-milling inputs and utilities at product level: 4.355556 kg potatoes IP, 4.141111 kg tap water, 0.186111 kWh electricity, 1.804444 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.108889 tkm lorry transport, 0.00645667 m3 potato-starch effluent treatment, and trace chemical-plant infrastructure. This override preserves that open plant structure but closes the missing drying boundary with literature-based modern dryer heat demand from Piatkowski et al. (2025): 2.35 kWh heat per kg potato protein after waste-heat recovery, i.e. +8.46 MJ/kg. Total heat on the composite becomes 10.264444 MJ/kg. Using open BAFU technosphere proxies for all exchanges yields an expected remapped GWP of 1.4722 kg CO2eq/kg, versus the reference 1.4428 (+2.0%). This replaces the stale no-op path where the historical 2026-03-14 fix existed only in generated output and the live merged mapping for _copy1 retained only a water-scarcity stub." }, "repl_e7701b59f7d494b1": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/5051671b49a8b21c7a327b8bf6f64b2d_copy1", "name": "palm date conditioning, drying, and pitting", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_palm_date_conditioning_drying_pitting_GLO" }, "sediment": { "intent": "palm date, conditioned and dried, pit removed, GLO", "terms": [ { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "35c6a539-d74e-4615-94ce-9c76a33d47ed" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "GLO", "name": "Global" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_palm_date_conditioning_drying_pitting_GLO" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All inventory quantities come from open public reports, open post-harvest references, or first-principles mass balance. No proprietary ecoinvent exchange values were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram palm date conditioning, drying, and pitting built from 1 energy / processing, 3 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram palm date conditioning, drying, and pitting", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Palm date conditioning, drying, and pitting (GLO): Pattern A composite LCI built from open post-harvest references and a UNIDO date-processing plant example. The composite bypasses the 2026-04-11 Medjool-desert market proxy by linking directly to fruit_crops_lci palm-date production instead of the force-overridden 'market for palm date'. Central first-principles mass balance: 3.0809 kg whole high-moisture dates at the conditioning inlet per kg final pitted conditioned dates, based on 65% inlet moisture, 16% final moisture, 18% seed fraction, and 5% sorting loss. Plant utilities from the UNIDO example contribute 0.1031 kWh electricity, 7.5 kg wash/process water, and 0.0075 m3 wastewater treatment per kg final product. Expected remapped GWP with the current open fruit-crop anchor is ~1.90 kg CO2eq/kg, replacing the stale 7.39 kg CO2eq/kg path created when exchange-level remap pushed the missing foreground through the April 11, 2026 palm-date proxy.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.103125, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 7.5, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.0075, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm date production, modelled", "amount": 3.080873, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (3.080873 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (3.080873 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Palm date conditioning, drying, and pitting (GLO): Pattern A composite LCI built from open post-harvest references and a UNIDO date-processing plant example. The composite bypasses the 2026-04-11 Medjool-desert market proxy by linking directly to fruit_crops_lci palm-date production instead of the force-overridden 'market for palm date'. Central first-principles mass balance: 3.0809 kg whole high-moisture dates at the conditioning inlet per kg final pitted conditioned dates, based on 65% inlet moisture, 16% final moisture, 18% seed fraction, and 5% sorting loss. Plant utilities from the UNIDO example contribute 0.1031 kWh electricity, 7.5 kg wash/process water, and 0.0075 m3 wastewater treatment per kg final product. Expected remapped GWP with the current open fruit-crop anchor is ~1.90 kg CO2eq/kg, replacing the stale 7.39 kg CO2eq/kg path created when exchange-level remap pushed the missing foreground through the April 11, 2026 palm-date proxy." }, "repl_3cb8a29b070a7575": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/58ab006da3844fabbea2ae031123aa9f_copy2", "name": "roasted and ground coffee production, industrial roasting + grinding", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_coffee_roasting_grinding_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "roasted and ground coffee, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "roasted-ray" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_coffee_roasting_grinding_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "wastewater_not_available", "ldpe_pouch_proxy_for_laminate_bag" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All values come from independent open literature, open tributary data, first-principles conversion of published mass/energy balances, and BAFU OGD. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data was copied or derived.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "coffee_green_bean" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.79, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram roasted and ground coffee production, industrial roasting + grinding built from 2 energy / processing, 2 other input, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram roasted and ground coffee production, industrial roasting + grinding", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Roasted and ground coffee production (RER): Pattern A composite LCI with substitute_edb_self. This replaces the old agri-integration strip-only override that removed duplicated farm biosphere shortcuts but failed to reconnect a complete upstream green-coffee market and roasting chain. The repaired activity consumes 1.155387 kg of a synthetic European green-bean market support activity (open lci-coffee RoW arabica production plus 2.51 kg CO2/kg land-transformation correction from the European import mix), then applies 3.46616 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.197475 kWh electricity, 0.092431 kg cooling/process water, and 0.024071 kg LDPE pouch film per kg roasted coffee. The process design is grounded in open industrial roasting-line balances (Kekes 2025) and cross-checked against Phrommarat 2019 and Giraldi-Diaz 2018. Expected composite GWP is about 5.60 kg CO2eq/kg, within the investigation target range 4.5-7.5 and materially above the current broken 2.76 kg CO2eq/kg open record.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 3.46616, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.197475, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.092431, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Packaging film, LDPE, at plant", "amount": 0.024071, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "coffee, green bean, market proxy, Europe", "amount": 1.155387, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.155387 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.155387 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Roasted and ground coffee production (RER): Pattern A composite LCI with substitute_edb_self. This replaces the old agri-integration strip-only override that removed duplicated farm biosphere shortcuts but failed to reconnect a complete upstream green-coffee market and roasting chain. The repaired activity consumes 1.155387 kg of a synthetic European green-bean market support activity (open lci-coffee RoW arabica production plus 2.51 kg CO2/kg land-transformation correction from the European import mix), then applies 3.46616 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.197475 kWh electricity, 0.092431 kg cooling/process water, and 0.024071 kg LDPE pouch film per kg roasted coffee. The process design is grounded in open industrial roasting-line balances (Kekes 2025) and cross-checked against Phrommarat 2019 and Giraldi-Diaz 2018. Expected composite GWP is about 5.60 kg CO2eq/kg, within the investigation target range 4.5-7.5 and materially above the current broken 2.76 kg CO2eq/kg open record." }, "repl_9dbc60123c601759": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/5b3bcab91ee04c309cb7ae28d22b8944", "name": "hop extract production, supercritical CO2 extraction", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_hop_extract_scco2_GLO" }, "sediment": { "intent": "hop extract, GLO", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03315756" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "GLO", "name": "Global" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_hop_extract_scco2_GLO" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "global_market_uses_rer_process_proxy", "cooling_water_not_available", "wastewater_not_available", "co2_makeup_estimated" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open literature and BAFU OGD only. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data copied or derived.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram hop extract production, supercritical CO2 extraction built from 2 energy / processing, 2 other input, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram hop extract production, supercritical CO2 extraction", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Global market for hop extracts, w/o transport: same process-based scCO2 composite as the RER production entry, with GLO activity location but RER energy defaults in the activity builder. This replaces the obsolete lci-fermentation rapeseed-oil anchor+CO2-residual placeholder for the same concept. No market transport is added here because the UUID is explicitly w/o transport.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.5, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 1.5, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 1.5 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 1.5 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 1.5 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 1.5 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Carbon dioxide liquid, at plant (RER), closed-loop makeup", "amount": 0.64, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chromium steel sheet 18/8, tin-coated, packaging proxy (CH)", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "hop pellets, T-90-equivalent, open literature proxy", "amount": 3.64, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (3.64 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (3.64 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Global market for hop extracts, w/o transport: same process-based scCO2 composite as the RER production entry, with GLO activity location but RER energy defaults in the activity builder. This replaces the obsolete lci-fermentation rapeseed-oil anchor+CO2-residual placeholder for the same concept. No market transport is added here because the UUID is explicitly w/o transport." }, "repl_b4ecc2658f90ce5c": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/6041c252e31657f6b1ffee0221d82066_copy5", "name": "Processing energy and resource use sugar confectionary products", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_sugar_confectionery_Europe" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Confectionary plant, Europe", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "confectionary-based-spreads" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "A0456" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03400456" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "Europe", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_sugar_confectionery_Europe" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All inventory quantities come from open peer-reviewed literature, open industry guidance, and BAFU OGD process factors. No proprietary ecoinvent exchange data was copied or used as a calibration basis.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Processing energy and resource use sugar confectionary products built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Processing energy and resource use sugar confectionary products", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Generic confectionery-plant processing proxy using the existing Pattern A sugar-confectionery composite activity from this tributary. Open literature support comes from Wojdalski et al. (2015), which reports 24 months of measurements for a confectionery plant producing tablet candy, soft milk candy, and caramel fudge, and states that the facility can serve as a model example for confectionery plants with a similar production profile and output around 200 Mg/month. The VDMA/Sollich 2009 confectionery guideline confirms that confectionery plants combine simultaneous heating and cooling, with thermal processes dominated by natural gas and electricity and unit operations spanning sugar-confectionery cooking, cooling, compressed air, and CIP. Because no open, process-level inventory was found for a broader European 'confectionary plant' mix, this record is intentionally proxied to the existing confectionery activity rather than the broken BAFU auto-match, which currently falls through to unrelated packaging and wastewater references. Expected processing GWP from the referenced composite activity is 0.2907 kg CO2eq/kg (0.2088 heat + 0.0808 electricity + 0.0011 tap water).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.795, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.2566, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.2566 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.2566 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.2566 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.2566 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 5.4, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Generic confectionery-plant processing proxy using the existing Pattern A sugar-confectionery composite activity from this tributary. Open literature support comes from Wojdalski et al. (2015), which reports 24 months of measurements for a confectionery plant producing tablet candy, soft milk candy, and caramel fudge, and states that the facility can serve as a model example for confectionery plants with a similar production profile and output around 200 Mg/month. The VDMA/Sollich 2009 confectionery guideline confirms that confectionery plants combine simultaneous heating and cooling, with thermal processes dominated by natural gas and electricity and unit operations spanning sugar-confectionery cooking, cooling, compressed air, and CIP. Because no open, process-level inventory was found for a broader European 'confectionary plant' mix, this record is intentionally proxied to the existing confectionery activity rather than the broken BAFU auto-match, which currently falls through to unrelated packaging and wastewater references. Expected processing GWP from the referenced composite activity is 0.2907 kg CO2eq/kg (0.2088 heat + 0.0808 electricity + 0.0011 tap water)." }, "repl_a88dca20bd44b2da": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/6057eb0cc565490ab813e8f4f89123bf", "name": "quinoa grain processing, dry milling, wholemeal flour (RER)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_quinoa_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "market for quinoa flour, RER", "terms": [ { "id": "A001Q", "name": "Quinoa", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "quinoaGrain", "name": "Quinoa grain", "ns": "hestia" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "ecoinvent-geo" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540059", "name": "00590 - emmer wheat grain (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2020" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_quinoa_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. BAFU OGD and independent literature only. No ecoinvent flow-level data copied. Reference GWP 0.9422 kg CO2eq/kg used solely for plausibility comparison.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.8, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram quinoa grain processing, dry milling, wholemeal flour (RER) built from 1 energy / processing, 3 mineral fertiliser, 1 field operations, 3 other input; emissions: field emission (nutrient), field emission (pesticide).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram quinoa grain processing, dry milling, wholemeal flour (RER)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Manual market pass-through for quinoa flour w/o transport. Uses the same food_processing_lci wholemeal dry-milling composite as the production UUID; that composite embeds the Peru farm-gate crop inventory (95% wholemeal extraction).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.12, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Average mineral fertiliser, as N (RER) — 121 kg N/ha", "amount": 0.065317, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "mineral fertiliser", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Average mineral fertiliser, as P2O5 (RER) — 93 kg/ha", "amount": 0.050203, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "mineral fertiliser", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Average mineral fertiliser, as K2O (RER) — 81 kg/ha", "amount": 0.043725, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "mineral fertiliser", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Diesel, burned in agricultural machine (CH proxy) — 22.8 kg/ha", "amount": 0.012306, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "field operations", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Fungicides, at regional storehouse (RER) — 0.38 kg a.i./ha", "amount": 0.000205, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Insecticides, at regional storehouse (RER) — 0.19 kg a.i./ha", "amount": 0.000103, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Poultry manure, dried (CH proxy) — 20.99 kg/ha (HESTIA Peru)", "amount": 0.01133, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Dinitrogen monoxide", "amount": 0.00143, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Ammonia", "amount": 0.00894, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitrate", "amount": 0.070323, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Pesticides, unspecified (to soil)", "amount": 0.000277, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (pesticide)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "mineral fertiliser", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field operations", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "field emission (pesticide)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Manual market pass-through for quinoa flour w/o transport. Uses the same food_processing_lci wholemeal dry-milling composite as the production UUID; that composite embeds the Peru farm-gate crop inventory (95% wholemeal extraction)." }, "repl_fedc78088a18c16d": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/60f1eef08f6d4f67b6c622c2fa56d00d", "name": "average milk evaporation/drying, multi-effect evaporation + spray drying", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_milk_evaporation_drying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Average milk evaporation and drying, European dairy plant, 1 kg water removed", "terms": [ { "id": "milkProcessing", "name": "Milk processing", "ns": "hestia" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "ecoinvent-geo" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_milk_evaporation_drying_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All inventory values come from independent open literature, public BAFU catalog factors, and first-principles normalization. No ecoinvent flow-level data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram average milk evaporation/drying, multi-effect evaporation + spray drying built from 2 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram average milk evaporation/drying, multi-effect evaporation + spray drying", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Average milk evaporation/drying (RER): Pattern A composite LCI with substitute_edb_self. The EDB production UUID now collapses to food_processing_lci/food_processing_milk_evaporation_drying_RER instead of the old scalar calibration against BAFU 196933. Explicit open-literature inventory per kg evaporated water: 2.10 MJ natural-gas heat (BAFU 252893, RER) plus 0.022323 kWh electricity (BAFU 609058, RER). This replaces the stale 4.56 kg CO2eq validation value path and removes the old conversion-factor dependency.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.1, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.022323, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Average milk evaporation/drying (RER): Pattern A composite LCI with substitute_edb_self. The EDB production UUID now collapses to food_processing_lci/food_processing_milk_evaporation_drying_RER instead of the old scalar calibration against BAFU 196933. Explicit open-literature inventory per kg evaporated water: 2.10 MJ natural-gas heat (BAFU 252893, RER) plus 0.022323 kWh electricity (BAFU 609058, RER). This replaces the stale 4.56 kg CO2eq validation value path and removes the old conversion-factor dependency." }, "repl_c902829788b5113a": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/6deb60520c7fb6645d6607fc22bb4bfb_copy1", "name": "Potato starch, at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "453974" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Potato starch, at plant, cradle-to-gate, RoW", "terms": [ { "id": "A03LE", "name": "Potato starch", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "234", "name": "Starches", "ns": "cpc" }, { "id": "RoW", "name": "RoW", "ns": "gadm" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543728", "name": "37280 - tea, decaffeinated, infusion (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "anchor_plus_correction", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "453974" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": null, "note": "Closure reaches only open leaves, but method.kind='anchor_plus_correction' is not a canonical ecoinvent-free kind; no blanket ecoinvent-free assertion is made. All flow-level inventory data from BAFU 453974 (OGD, Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025) and supporting public literature. No ecoinvent proprietary flow data used or copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Potato starch, at plant built from 2 energy / processing, 4 other input, 1 transport; emissions: field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Potato starch, at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Potato starch production (RoW, 6deb60520c7fb6645d6607fc22bb4bfb_copy1): substitute_edb_self to BAFU 453974 (Potato starch, at plant, DE) cradle-to-gate. The EDB activity is structurally incomplete -- its upstream 'Raw materials (GLO)' input has zero exchanges, so potato farming is not modelled and the remapped GWP collapses to processing-only (~0.18 kg CO2eq/kg). BAFU 453974 is the open, complete equivalent: 3.92 kg Potatoes IP (BAFU 194846, at farm CH) + 0.1675 kWh electricity (medium voltage grid) + 1.624 MJ natural gas heat (industrial furnace 1MW) + 3.727 kg tap water + 0.005811 m3 wastewater treatment + 4e-10 unit chemical plant infrastructure + 0.098 tkm freight lorry, giving cradle-to-gate GWP = 0.6706 kg CO2eq/kg starch. substitute_edb_self replaces the stale EDB exchange graph with a single technosphere link to BAFU 453974 (conversion_factor=1.0), matching the target range 0.55-0.80 kg CO2eq/kg. The DE anchor is used for RER and RoW as the best open proxy (no RoW-specific potato starch BAFU activity exists; EU wet-milling practice dominates global trade). BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025. No ecoinvent proprietary flow data used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at industrial furnace 1MW", "amount": 1.624, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, waste", "amount": 0.603, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chemical plant, organics", "amount": 4e-10, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Potatoes IP, at farm", "amount": 3.920000000000001, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, potato starch production effluent, to wastewater treatment, class 2", "amount": 0.005811, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid", "amount": 0.1675, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 0.098, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user", "amount": 3.727, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Potato starch production (RoW, 6deb60520c7fb6645d6607fc22bb4bfb_copy1): substitute_edb_self to BAFU 453974 (Potato starch, at plant, DE) cradle-to-gate. The EDB activity is structurally incomplete -- its upstream 'Raw materials (GLO)' input has zero exchanges, so potato farming is not modelled and the remapped GWP collapses to processing-only (~0.18 kg CO2eq/kg). BAFU 453974 is the open, complete equivalent: 3.92 kg Potatoes IP (BAFU 194846, at farm CH) + 0.1675 kWh electricity (medium voltage grid) + 1.624 MJ natural gas heat (industrial furnace 1MW) + 3.727 kg tap water + 0.005811 m3 wastewater treatment + 4e-10 unit chemical plant infrastructure + 0.098 tkm freight lorry, giving cradle-to-gate GWP = 0.6706 kg CO2eq/kg starch. substitute_edb_self replaces the stale EDB exchange graph with a single technosphere link to BAFU 453974 (conversion_factor=1.0), matching the target range 0.55-0.80 kg CO2eq/kg. The DE anchor is used for RER and RoW as the best open proxy (no RoW-specific potato starch BAFU activity exists; EU wet-milling practice dominates global trade). BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025. No ecoinvent proprietary flow data used." }, "repl_65d1c3a732b4042b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/8f58cd69d0068bce1055701effa4b0d3_copy1", "name": "hemp seed processing, oil milling, cold press, presscake co-product (economic allocation)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_hemp_seed_presscake_oil_extraction_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Hemp seed oil and presscake, Europe without Switzerland", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_3558" }, { "ns": "gs1", "id": "PackagingMaterialTypeCode-FIBRE_HEMP" }, { "ns": "langual", "id": "B2323" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "Europe without Switzerland", "name": "Europe without Switzerland" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_hemp_seed_presscake_oil_extraction_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram hemp seed processing, oil milling, cold press, presscake co-product (economic allocation) built from 1 energy / processing, 2 other input, 1 seed.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram hemp seed processing, oil milling, cold press, presscake co-product (economic allocation)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.01547, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 1.7e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hemp culture, hemp seeds (FR)", "amount": 0.3597, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall", "amount": 2.6e-05, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 592.0, "protein_g": 31.6, "fat_g": 48.8, "saturated_fat_g": 4.6, "carbohydrates_g": 4.7, "sugars_g": 1.5, "fiber_g": 4.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.012700000000000001, "water_g": 5.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 592.0, 592.0 ], "protein_g": [ 31.6, 31.6 ], "fat_g": [ 48.8, 48.8 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 4.6, 4.6 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 4.7, 4.7 ], "sugars_g": [ 1.5, 1.5 ], "fiber_g": [ 4.0, 4.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.012700000000000001, 0.012700000000000001 ], "water_g": [ 5.0, 5.0 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Hemp seed", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.825, "embedding_distance": 0.175, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'hemp' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": null }, "repl_51bc81e8495b2ec8": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/8f58cd69d0068bce1055701effa4b0d3_copy12", "name": "Soybean meal, at oil mill", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "232293" }, "sediment": { "intent": "soy flour, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A18VT" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "anchor_plus_correction", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "232293" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "cooling_water_not_available", "proxy_soy_flour_to_soybean_meal_anchor", "no_biosphere_uncertainty_required_empty_biosphere_exchanges" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": null, "note": "Closure reaches only open leaves, but method.kind='anchor_plus_correction' is not a canonical ecoinvent-free kind; no blanket ecoinvent-free assertion is made. All inventory amounts are from open BAFU OGD data and public LUC/model sources. BAFU attribution: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025. No proprietary ecoinvent exchange list or flow amount was copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Soybean meal, at oil mill built from 6 other input, 3 transport, 4 energy / processing; emissions: field emission (carbon), field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Soybean meal, at oil mill", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Soy flour dry milling / soy processing proxy (RER): process-based direct substitution to BAFU 232293 'Soybean meal, at oil mill' (BR). Commercial soy flour is defatted soybean flakes/meal ground to flour fineness, so the open BAFU soybean-meal oil-mill process is the closest physical anchor (same soybean input 0.78155 kg/kg, same solvent extraction, same oil-mill foreground utilities). Mirrors the precedent set by the 19902bf4 defatted soy flour entry. The stale EDB foreground for this UUID already carries a 1.757829 kg land-transformation exchange that survives mapping-layer remapping; the previous Pattern 3 anchor + 0.592873 kg manual LUC correction therefore double-counted (anchor 0.934 + stale LUC 1.758 + manual correction 0.593 = 2.97 kg CO2eq/kg observed). Setting substitute_edb_self=true collapses the production activity to a single technosphere link to the open BAFU anchor and eliminates the stale exchange graph entirely; biosphere_exchanges=[] is required because any additional LUC correction at this layer reproduces the double-count. Expected GWP ~1.466 kg CO2eq/kg (matching the 19902bf4 defatted soy flour outcome and within 4% of the ecoinvent reference 1.41 used only for comparison). No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Oil mill", "amount": 1.2958e-10, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, waste", "amount": 3.1512813202321275, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Soybeans, at farm", "amount": 0.78155, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, rail", "amount": 0.0010803, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at industrial furnace 1MW", "amount": 0.78006, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Phosphoric acid, industrial grade, 85% in H2O, at plant", "amount": 0.00012781, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid", "amount": 0.052556, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane, at plant", "amount": 0.0016727, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, at hard coal industrial furnace 1-10MW", "amount": 0.12096, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user", "amount": 0.067057, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, light fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW", "amount": 0.051433, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, 7.5t-16t gross weight, fleet average", "amount": 0.078155, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 9.0027e-05, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Carbon dioxide, in air", "amount": 0.0135, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (carbon)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane", "amount": 0.0016727, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, from residence, to wastewater treatment, class 2", "amount": 7.0207e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (carbon)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 409.9789421, "protein_g": 37.3, "fat_g": 23.25, "saturated_fat_g": 2.9, "carbohydrates_g": 13.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 17.3, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.012700000000000001, "water_g": 8.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 330.0, 409.9789421 ], "protein_g": [ 37.3, 47.01 ], "fat_g": [ 1.22, 23.25 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.136, 2.9 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 13.0, 38.37 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 18.88 ], "fiber_g": [ 17.3, 17.5 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.012700000000000001, 0.050800000000000005 ], "water_g": [ 7.25, 8.0 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Soy flour", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 0.892, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 2, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.752, "embedding_distance": 0.248, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Soy flour toasted or steamed (feed)' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Soy flour dry milling / soy processing proxy (RER): process-based direct substitution to BAFU 232293 'Soybean meal, at oil mill' (BR). Commercial soy flour is defatted soybean flakes/meal ground to flour fineness, so the open BAFU soybean-meal oil-mill process is the closest physical anchor (same soybean input 0.78155 kg/kg, same solvent extraction, same oil-mill foreground utilities). Mirrors the precedent set by the 19902bf4 defatted soy flour entry. The stale EDB foreground for this UUID already carries a 1.757829 kg land-transformation exchange that survives mapping-layer remapping; the previous Pattern 3 anchor + 0.592873 kg manual LUC correction therefore double-counted (anchor 0.934 + stale LUC 1.758 + manual correction 0.593 = 2.97 kg CO2eq/kg observed). Setting substitute_edb_self=true collapses the production activity to a single technosphere link to the open BAFU anchor and eliminates the stale exchange graph entirely; biosphere_exchanges=[] is required because any additional LUC correction at this layer reproduces the double-count. Expected GWP ~1.466 kg CO2eq/kg (matching the 19902bf4 defatted soy flour outcome and within 4% of the ecoinvent reference 1.41 used only for comparison). No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data used." }, "repl_8bafc61dad5195c5": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/8f58cd69d0068bce1055701effa4b0d3_copy2", "name": "soy processing, to protein isolate, oil and by-products", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_soy_protein_isolate_oil_byproducts_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "protein isolate, oil and by-products, Europe without Switzerland", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6253" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "peaProteinIsolate" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03310553" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "Europe without Switzerland", "name": "Europe without Switzerland" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_soy_protein_isolate_oil_byproducts_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All inventory values come from open literature, the MIT-licensed ppplca repository, and BAFU OGD activities only. No proprietary ecoinvent flow data was copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram soy processing, to protein isolate, oil and by-products built from 3 energy / processing, 8 other input, 2 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram soy processing, to protein isolate, oil and by-products", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Soy protein isolate + oil/by-products processing (RER proxy): rebuilt as an open process-based composite using the MIT-licensed ppplca soy SPI inventory instead of the missing auto-matched foreground. The UUID family in open edb_bafu data links this generic copy2 record to the soy branch (copy9 soy protein concentrate, copy18 soy isolate, copy24 soybean flaking), so the process is modelled as dehulling + hexane defatting + alkaline extraction/isoelectric precipitation + spray drying with economic allocation across soy oil and spent-flake co-products. Central inventory per kg reference product: 0.124169 kWh electricity, 25.347932 MJ biomass heat + 2.816437 MJ natural gas trim heat, 17.020066 kg process water, 0.011655 m3 wastewater, 0.001861 kg hexane, 0.024250 kg NaOH 50%, 0.056584 kg HCl 30%, 0.000715 kg phosphoric acid 85%, 0.002276 kg bentonite, and Brazil->Europe transport of allocated soy material (9.131512 ship + 0.362328 rail + 0.067726 lorry tkm). Expected GWP through BAFU technosphere: 0.564 kg CO2eq/kg vs EI reference 0.5706 (-1.1%) and pre-fix BAFU 0.6845 (+20.0%). No proprietary ecoinvent flow data used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.816437, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.124169, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 17.020066, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, wood chips, at furnace 1000kW (CH)", "amount": 25.347932, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.011655, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane, at plant", "amount": 0.001861, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, mercury cell, at plant", "amount": 0.02425, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrochloric acid, 30% in H2O, at plant", "amount": 0.056584, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Phosphoric acid, industrial grade, 85% in H2O, at plant", "amount": 0.000715, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Bentonite, at processing", "amount": 0.002276, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, transoceanic freight ship", "amount": 9.131512, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Operation, freight train", "amount": 0.362328, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 0.067726, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 8, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 335.0, "protein_g": 88.3, "fat_g": 3.39, "saturated_fat_g": 0.422, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 2.54, "water_g": 4.98 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 335.0, 335.0 ], "protein_g": [ 88.3, 88.3 ], "fat_g": [ 3.39, 3.39 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.422, 0.422 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 2.54, 2.54 ], "water_g": [ 4.98, 4.98 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Soy protein isolate", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.95, "embedding_distance": 0.05, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'soy protein isolate' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Soy protein isolate + oil/by-products processing (RER proxy): rebuilt as an open process-based composite using the MIT-licensed ppplca soy SPI inventory instead of the missing auto-matched foreground. The UUID family in open edb_bafu data links this generic copy2 record to the soy branch (copy9 soy protein concentrate, copy18 soy isolate, copy24 soybean flaking), so the process is modelled as dehulling + hexane defatting + alkaline extraction/isoelectric precipitation + spray drying with economic allocation across soy oil and spent-flake co-products. Central inventory per kg reference product: 0.124169 kWh electricity, 25.347932 MJ biomass heat + 2.816437 MJ natural gas trim heat, 17.020066 kg process water, 0.011655 m3 wastewater, 0.001861 kg hexane, 0.024250 kg NaOH 50%, 0.056584 kg HCl 30%, 0.000715 kg phosphoric acid 85%, 0.002276 kg bentonite, and Brazil->Europe transport of allocated soy material (9.131512 ship + 0.362328 rail + 0.067726 lorry tkm). Expected GWP through BAFU technosphere: 0.564 kg CO2eq/kg vs EI reference 0.5706 (-1.1%) and pre-fix BAFU 0.6845 (+20.0%). No proprietary ecoinvent flow data used." }, "repl_f3a51627d23ba385": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/90450a97a52b40b988ce74b89f311b87_copy10", "name": "butter croissant production, laminated dough baking", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_butter_croissant_baking_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "butter croissant, laminated dough, industrial bakery, RER", "terms": [ { "id": "A00BM", "name": "Croissant type roll, with butter", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "ecoinvent-geo" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540277", "name": "02770 - croissant (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2020" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_butter_croissant_baking_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All recipe data from public sources (Swiss NAEHRWERTDATEN.CH, French decree JO 1993, CIQUAL). Energy data from EU BREF FDM 2006 and Miah et al. 2018. BAFU/UVEK data under OGD terms. No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "dairy_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.75, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram butter croissant production, laminated dough baking built from 3 energy / processing, 5 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram butter croissant production, laminated dough baking", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Fix for double-counted bread production service. EDB copy10 chained through copy6 (bread production, average, at bakery) as a 1:1 kg service, but copy6 included its own full ingredient list (0.710 kg flour, 0.600 kg water, 0.014 kg salt, 0.015 kg yeast) IN ADDITION to the croissant's own direct inputs. Total effective flour was 1.25 kg/kg — physically impossible. This entry reconstructs the correct gate-to-gate process with BAFU technosphere exchanges: wheat flour 0.550 kg (BAFU 262716), butter 0.250 kg (dairy_lci), sugar 0.040 kg (BAFU 379280), salt 0.012 kg (BAFU 139127), yeast 0.022 kg (BAFU 292423), water 0.150 kg (BAFU tap water), baking energy 2.0 MJ NG (BAFU 252893) + 0.25 kWh electricity (BAFU 302061). GWP emerges from BAFU supply chain at LCA time.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.0, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.25, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.15, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat IP, at feed mill (CH, proxy for wheat flour)", "amount": 0.55, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "butter, at dairy, BAFU-modelled (CH, 82% fat)", "amount": 0.25, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.25 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "dairy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.25 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sugar, from sugar beet, at sugar refinery (CH)", "amount": 0.04, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium chloride, powder, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.012, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Yeast paste, from whey, at fermentation (CH)", "amount": 0.022, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 400.0, "protein_g": 8.2, "fat_g": 21.0, "saturated_fat_g": 11.7, "carbohydrates_g": 40.4, "sugars_g": 4.1, "fiber_g": 2.5, "sodium_chloride_g": 1.1, "water_g": 24.2 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 342.0, 551.0 ], "protein_g": [ 5.1, 10.6 ], "fat_g": [ 16.44, 40.2 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 5.31, 15.35 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 29.524, 55.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 20.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 1.2349, 3.9 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.5116700000000001, 1.7830800000000002 ], "water_g": [ 11.0, 36.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00BM", "matched_term_name": "Croissant", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 19, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "no origin in sediment; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Fix for double-counted bread production service. EDB copy10 chained through copy6 (bread production, average, at bakery) as a 1:1 kg service, but copy6 included its own full ingredient list (0.710 kg flour, 0.600 kg water, 0.014 kg salt, 0.015 kg yeast) IN ADDITION to the croissant's own direct inputs. Total effective flour was 1.25 kg/kg — physically impossible. This entry reconstructs the correct gate-to-gate process with BAFU technosphere exchanges: wheat flour 0.550 kg (BAFU 262716), butter 0.250 kg (dairy_lci), sugar 0.040 kg (BAFU 379280), salt 0.012 kg (BAFU 139127), yeast 0.022 kg (BAFU 292423), water 0.150 kg (BAFU tap water), baking energy 2.0 MJ NG (BAFU 252893) + 0.25 kWh electricity (BAFU 302061). GWP emerges from BAFU supply chain at LCA time." }, "repl_2589dd8bfd99692d": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/a19274bcbaa34311b505cff3c3dc3fc8", "name": "walnut paste production, cold-press ball-mill grinding", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_walnut_paste_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Walnut paste production via cold-press ball-mill grinding, Europe", "terms": [ { "id": "A014R", "name": "Walnut", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "c_8372", "name": "walnut", "ns": "agrovoc" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541166", "name": "11660 - walnuts (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2024" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_walnut_paste_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All exchange quantities are traced to open literature (Volpe 2015 open access, Barrera 2010, Marvinney 2014, EU FDM BREF 2006) and BAFU OGD activities (609058 electricity, 520705 building hall). No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level inventory was copied. BAFU attribution: 'Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.'", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram walnut paste production, cold-press ball-mill grinding built from 1 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram walnut paste production, cold-press ball-mill grinding", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Walnut paste production (RER): Pattern A composite LCI plus substitute_edb_self. Activity emitted by domains/nut_paste.py. Demand chain per kg paste: 2.5 kg in-shell walnut from fruit_crops_lci/5ea8fe698a5398e0735d54d10afd728e (kernel yield 0.40 kg kernel/kg in-shell, INC 2022 / Martinez 2010), 0.06 kWh/kg in-shell shelling electricity (Cevaer 2011, Stoffel 2020) = 0.15 kWh/kg paste, 0.053 kWh/kg paste cold-press ball-mill grinding electricity (Volpe 2015 almond paste analog), 3.2e-05 m2 building hall infrastructure (EU FDM BREF 2006). Total electricity 0.203 kWh routed to BAFU 609058 (RER medium voltage). substitute_edb_self is required because this UUID is the production activity itself; without it the remapper preserves the stale fruit_crop_model foreground instead of collapsing to the open food_processing_lci activity. Expected GWP ~1.45 kg CO2eq/kg paste (heartbeat fix-plan target band 1.4-2.2; reference ecoinvent 3.37 kg CO2eq/kg includes ~0.9-1.3 kg retail glass jar packaging excluded from this gate-to-gate scope and handled separately by lci-packaging).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER) [ball-mill grinding + mechanical shelling]", "amount": 0.153, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "walnut production, modelled [in-shell, 0.40 USDA ERS kernel ratio applied]", "amount": 2.5, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.5 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.5 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall", "amount": 3.2e-05, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Walnut paste production (RER): Pattern A composite LCI plus substitute_edb_self. Activity emitted by domains/nut_paste.py. Demand chain per kg paste: 2.5 kg in-shell walnut from fruit_crops_lci/5ea8fe698a5398e0735d54d10afd728e (kernel yield 0.40 kg kernel/kg in-shell, INC 2022 / Martinez 2010), 0.06 kWh/kg in-shell shelling electricity (Cevaer 2011, Stoffel 2020) = 0.15 kWh/kg paste, 0.053 kWh/kg paste cold-press ball-mill grinding electricity (Volpe 2015 almond paste analog), 3.2e-05 m2 building hall infrastructure (EU FDM BREF 2006). Total electricity 0.203 kWh routed to BAFU 609058 (RER medium voltage). substitute_edb_self is required because this UUID is the production activity itself; without it the remapper preserves the stale fruit_crop_model foreground instead of collapsing to the open food_processing_lci activity. Expected GWP ~1.45 kg CO2eq/kg paste (heartbeat fix-plan target band 1.4-2.2; reference ecoinvent 3.37 kg CO2eq/kg includes ~0.9-1.3 kg retail glass jar packaging excluded from this gate-to-gate scope and handled separately by lci-packaging)." }, "repl_81b9ca784770c5b2": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/af013d1e6a45449c80489db4ff81df74", "name": "millet processing, cleaning, dehulling, grading", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_millet_dehulling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "millet dehulled production, explicit dehulling step, RER", "terms": [ { "id": "A000F", "name": "Millet grain", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "c_4908", "name": "millets", "ns": "agrovoc" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540034", "name": "00340 - oat and similar- (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2022" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_millet_dehulling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Uses only open workspace data (HESTIA aggregated/open raw cycles, BAFU OGD catalog values, and the open EDB package comment) plus open web agronomy/dehulling references. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level inventory was copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram millet processing, cleaning, dehulling, grading built from 1 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram millet processing, cleaning, dehulling, grading", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Millet dehulled production (RER): Pattern A composite LCI with substitute_edb_self. The current upstream millet farm chain was already corrected on 2026-04-10 in lci-agri-integration using HESTIA India pearl millet data, but this dehulled record still fell through to a water_scarcity_aware stub while its market sibling used a rye proxy. This fix replaces the stale foreground with a dedicated food_processing_lci dehulling activity: 1.278458 kg India pearl millet at farm gate (1.2658 kg grain requirement plus 1% upstream loss carried as extra demand), 0.1034699 kWh electricity for cleaning/dehulling/grading, and 5.023e-05 m2 building hall infrastructure per kg dehulled millet. The resulting open composite is ~0.4651 kg CO2eq/kg, within -0.6% of the current ecoinvent context (0.4678), while explicitly not targeting the lower HESTIA farm-gate total because that reference is not boundary-compatible with dehulled product.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.10347, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "millet, unprocessed, modelled [IN pearl millet support activity]", "amount": 1.278458, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (1.278458 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (1.278458 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall", "amount": 5e-05, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Millet dehulled production (RER): Pattern A composite LCI with substitute_edb_self. The current upstream millet farm chain was already corrected on 2026-04-10 in lci-agri-integration using HESTIA India pearl millet data, but this dehulled record still fell through to a water_scarcity_aware stub while its market sibling used a rye proxy. This fix replaces the stale foreground with a dedicated food_processing_lci dehulling activity: 1.278458 kg India pearl millet at farm gate (1.2658 kg grain requirement plus 1% upstream loss carried as extra demand), 0.1034699 kWh electricity for cleaning/dehulling/grading, and 5.023e-05 m2 building hall infrastructure per kg dehulled millet. The resulting open composite is ~0.4651 kg CO2eq/kg, within -0.6% of the current ecoinvent context (0.4678), while explicitly not targeting the lower HESTIA farm-gate total because that reference is not boundary-compatible with dehulled product." }, "repl_389f5484c1425f36": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/af013d1e6a45449c80489db4ff81df74_copy1", "name": "millet processing, cleaning, dehulling, grading", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_millet_dehulling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "millet dehulled market without transport, explicit dehulling step, RER", "terms": [ { "id": "A000F", "name": "Millet grain", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "c_4908", "name": "millets", "ns": "agrovoc" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540034", "name": "00340 - oat and similar- (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2022" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_millet_dehulling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open workspace data and BAFU OGD only. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level inventory used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.8, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram millet processing, cleaning, dehulling, grading built from 1 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram millet processing, cleaning, dehulling, grading", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Market for millet dehulled, w/o transport (RER): same Pattern A composite LCI as the production activity. This replaces the current rye-plus-fossil-CO2 proxy with the explicit dehulling chain so the w/o-transport market no longer severs the upstream HESTIA-based millet farm correction. Transport remains excluded by EDB convention; only the documented 1% pre-processing grain loss is preserved as additional millet demand inside the composite.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.10347, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "millet, unprocessed, modelled [IN pearl millet support activity]", "amount": 1.278458, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (1.278458 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (1.278458 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall", "amount": 5e-05, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Market for millet dehulled, w/o transport (RER): same Pattern A composite LCI as the production activity. This replaces the current rye-plus-fossil-CO2 proxy with the explicit dehulling chain so the w/o-transport market no longer severs the upstream HESTIA-based millet farm correction. Transport remains excluded by EDB convention; only the documented 1% pre-processing grain loss is preserved as additional millet demand inside the composite." }, "repl_cb96bdc882f20cb0": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/c331ca728c670602ffb3b14bc17363e1_copy1", "name": "Potato starch, at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "453974" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Potato starch, at plant, cradle-to-gate, DE", "terms": [ { "id": "A03LE", "name": "Potato starch", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "234", "name": "Starches", "ns": "cpc" }, { "id": "DE", "name": "DE", "ns": "gadm" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543728", "name": "37280 - tea, decaffeinated, infusion (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "anchor_plus_correction", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "453974" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": null, "note": "Closure reaches only open leaves, but method.kind='anchor_plus_correction' is not a canonical ecoinvent-free kind; no blanket ecoinvent-free assertion is made. All flow-level inventory data from BAFU 453974 (OGD, Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025) and supporting public literature. No ecoinvent proprietary flow data used or copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Potato starch, at plant built from 2 energy / processing, 4 other input, 1 transport; emissions: field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Potato starch, at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Potato starch production (DE, c331ca728c670602ffb3b14bc17363e1_copy1): substitute_edb_self to BAFU 453974 (Potato starch, at plant, DE) cradle-to-gate. The EDB activity is structurally incomplete -- its upstream 'Raw materials (GLO)' input has zero exchanges, so potato farming is not modelled and the remapped GWP collapses to processing-only (~0.18 kg CO2eq/kg). BAFU 453974 is the open, complete equivalent: 3.92 kg Potatoes IP (BAFU 194846, at farm CH) + 0.1675 kWh electricity (medium voltage grid) + 1.624 MJ natural gas heat (industrial furnace 1MW) + 3.727 kg tap water + 0.005811 m3 wastewater treatment + 4e-10 unit chemical plant infrastructure + 0.098 tkm freight lorry, giving cradle-to-gate GWP = 0.6706 kg CO2eq/kg starch. substitute_edb_self replaces the stale EDB exchange graph with a single technosphere link to BAFU 453974 (conversion_factor=1.0), matching the target range 0.55-0.80 kg CO2eq/kg. The DE anchor is used for RER and RoW as the best open proxy (no RoW-specific potato starch BAFU activity exists; EU wet-milling practice dominates global trade). BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025. No ecoinvent proprietary flow data used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at industrial furnace 1MW", "amount": 1.624, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, waste", "amount": 0.603, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chemical plant, organics", "amount": 4e-10, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Potatoes IP, at farm", "amount": 3.920000000000001, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, potato starch production effluent, to wastewater treatment, class 2", "amount": 0.005811, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid", "amount": 0.1675, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 0.098, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user", "amount": 3.727, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Potato starch production (DE, c331ca728c670602ffb3b14bc17363e1_copy1): substitute_edb_self to BAFU 453974 (Potato starch, at plant, DE) cradle-to-gate. The EDB activity is structurally incomplete -- its upstream 'Raw materials (GLO)' input has zero exchanges, so potato farming is not modelled and the remapped GWP collapses to processing-only (~0.18 kg CO2eq/kg). BAFU 453974 is the open, complete equivalent: 3.92 kg Potatoes IP (BAFU 194846, at farm CH) + 0.1675 kWh electricity (medium voltage grid) + 1.624 MJ natural gas heat (industrial furnace 1MW) + 3.727 kg tap water + 0.005811 m3 wastewater treatment + 4e-10 unit chemical plant infrastructure + 0.098 tkm freight lorry, giving cradle-to-gate GWP = 0.6706 kg CO2eq/kg starch. substitute_edb_self replaces the stale EDB exchange graph with a single technosphere link to BAFU 453974 (conversion_factor=1.0), matching the target range 0.55-0.80 kg CO2eq/kg. The DE anchor is used for RER and RoW as the best open proxy (no RoW-specific potato starch BAFU activity exists; EU wet-milling practice dominates global trade). BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025. No ecoinvent proprietary flow data used." }, "repl_c4c590da824d4fe4": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/c331ca728c670602ffb3b14bc17363e1_copy3", "name": "Potato starch, at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "453974" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Potato starch, at plant, cradle-to-gate, RER", "terms": [ { "id": "A03LE", "name": "Potato starch", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "234", "name": "Starches", "ns": "cpc" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "RER", "ns": "gadm" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543728", "name": "37280 - tea, decaffeinated, infusion (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "anchor_plus_correction", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "453974" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": null, "note": "Closure reaches only open leaves, but method.kind='anchor_plus_correction' is not a canonical ecoinvent-free kind; no blanket ecoinvent-free assertion is made. All flow-level inventory data from BAFU 453974 (OGD, Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025) and supporting public literature. No ecoinvent proprietary flow data used or copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Potato starch, at plant built from 2 energy / processing, 4 other input, 1 transport; emissions: field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Potato starch, at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Potato starch production (RER, c331ca728c670602ffb3b14bc17363e1_copy3): substitute_edb_self to BAFU 453974 (Potato starch, at plant, DE) cradle-to-gate. The EDB activity is structurally incomplete -- its upstream 'Raw materials (GLO)' input has zero exchanges, so potato farming is not modelled and the remapped GWP collapses to processing-only (~0.18 kg CO2eq/kg). BAFU 453974 is the open, complete equivalent: 3.92 kg Potatoes IP (BAFU 194846, at farm CH) + 0.1675 kWh electricity (medium voltage grid) + 1.624 MJ natural gas heat (industrial furnace 1MW) + 3.727 kg tap water + 0.005811 m3 wastewater treatment + 4e-10 unit chemical plant infrastructure + 0.098 tkm freight lorry, giving cradle-to-gate GWP = 0.6706 kg CO2eq/kg starch. substitute_edb_self replaces the stale EDB exchange graph with a single technosphere link to BAFU 453974 (conversion_factor=1.0), matching the target range 0.55-0.80 kg CO2eq/kg. The DE anchor is used for RER and RoW as the best open proxy (no RoW-specific potato starch BAFU activity exists; EU wet-milling practice dominates global trade). BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025. No ecoinvent proprietary flow data used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at industrial furnace 1MW", "amount": 1.624, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, waste", "amount": 0.603, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chemical plant, organics", "amount": 4e-10, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Potatoes IP, at farm", "amount": 3.920000000000001, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, potato starch production effluent, to wastewater treatment, class 2", "amount": 0.005811, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid", "amount": 0.1675, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 0.098, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user", "amount": 3.727, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Potato starch production (RER, c331ca728c670602ffb3b14bc17363e1_copy3): substitute_edb_self to BAFU 453974 (Potato starch, at plant, DE) cradle-to-gate. The EDB activity is structurally incomplete -- its upstream 'Raw materials (GLO)' input has zero exchanges, so potato farming is not modelled and the remapped GWP collapses to processing-only (~0.18 kg CO2eq/kg). BAFU 453974 is the open, complete equivalent: 3.92 kg Potatoes IP (BAFU 194846, at farm CH) + 0.1675 kWh electricity (medium voltage grid) + 1.624 MJ natural gas heat (industrial furnace 1MW) + 3.727 kg tap water + 0.005811 m3 wastewater treatment + 4e-10 unit chemical plant infrastructure + 0.098 tkm freight lorry, giving cradle-to-gate GWP = 0.6706 kg CO2eq/kg starch. substitute_edb_self replaces the stale EDB exchange graph with a single technosphere link to BAFU 453974 (conversion_factor=1.0), matching the target range 0.55-0.80 kg CO2eq/kg. The DE anchor is used for RER and RoW as the best open proxy (no RoW-specific potato starch BAFU activity exists; EU wet-milling practice dominates global trade). BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025. No ecoinvent proprietary flow data used." }, "repl_936c0997537e68ec": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/c3855a23ef3a4e58b00493af9ef561f0_copy1", "name": "roasted and ground coffee production, industrial roasting + grinding", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_coffee_roasting_grinding_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "roasted, ground coffee, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "roasted-ray" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_coffee_roasting_grinding_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "wastewater_not_available", "ldpe_pouch_proxy_for_laminate_bag" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open literature, open tributary data, and BAFU OGD only. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data copied or derived.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "coffee_green_bean" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram roasted and ground coffee production, industrial roasting + grinding built from 2 energy / processing, 2 other input, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram roasted and ground coffee production, industrial roasting + grinding", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Market for roasted, ground coffee, w/o transport (RER): same Pattern A composite as the production UUID 58ab006da3844fabbea2ae031123aa9f_copy2. The market adds no separate transport and should therefore collapse directly to the repaired roasting/grinding composite instead of preserving the stale 2.76 kg CO2eq/kg foreground inherited from the strip-only agri override.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 3.46616, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.197475, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.092431, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Packaging film, LDPE, at plant", "amount": 0.024071, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "coffee, green bean, market proxy, Europe", "amount": 1.155387, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.155387 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.155387 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Market for roasted, ground coffee, w/o transport (RER): same Pattern A composite as the production UUID 58ab006da3844fabbea2ae031123aa9f_copy2. The market adds no separate transport and should therefore collapse directly to the repaired roasting/grinding composite instead of preserving the stale 2.76 kg CO2eq/kg foreground inherited from the strip-only agri override." }, "repl_21bafb66838925e7": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e2a6d38752f24e7b9abaa32e9683a3d7_copy1", "name": "whey lemonade soda production, mix + HTST pasteurisation + carbonation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_whey_lemonade_soda_production_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "whey lemonade soda, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "lemonade" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301630" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_whey_lemonade_soda_production_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open literature + BAFU catalog only. No ecoinvent flow-level data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "dairy_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram whey lemonade soda production, mix + HTST pasteurisation + carbonation built from 2 energy / processing, 5 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram whey lemonade soda production, mix + HTST pasteurisation + carbonation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Market for whey lemonade soda, w/o transport (e2a6d copy1, RER): market pass-through to the production activity food_processing_whey_lemonade_soda_production_RER. Same Pattern A recipe as the production UUID eef779c_copy1. substitute_edb_self=true to bypass the stale EDB foreground and the 21% low-confidence BAFU auto-matches in the original market chain.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.2, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.06, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.66, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.0005, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "whey, food-grade, at dairy (dairy_lci)", "amount": 0.25, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.25 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "dairy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.25 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sugar, from sugarcane, at sugar refinery (BR)", "amount": 0.08, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Carbon dioxide liquid, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.005, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 11.5200892, "protein_g": 0.5, "fat_g": 0.2, "saturated_fat_g": 0.022, "carbohydrates_g": 1.9, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 2.8, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00508, "water_g": 94.6 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 11.5200892, 11.5200892 ], "protein_g": [ 0.5, 0.5 ], "fat_g": [ 0.2, 0.2 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.022, 0.022 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 1.9, 1.9 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 2.8, 2.8 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.00508, 0.00508 ], "water_g": [ 94.6, 94.6 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Lemonade", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.886, "embedding_distance": 0.114, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'lemonade' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Market for whey lemonade soda, w/o transport (e2a6d copy1, RER): market pass-through to the production activity food_processing_whey_lemonade_soda_production_RER. Same Pattern A recipe as the production UUID eef779c_copy1. substitute_edb_self=true to bypass the stale EDB foreground and the 21% low-confidence BAFU auto-matches in the original market chain." }, "repl_e81102d050756217": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/e2a6d38752f24e7b9abaa32e9683a3d7_copy2", "name": "whey lemonade soda production, organic, mix + HTST pasteurisation + carbonation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_whey_lemonade_soda_production_organic_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "whey lemonade soda, organic, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "lemonade" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301630" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_whey_lemonade_soda_production_organic_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open literature + BAFU catalog only. No ecoinvent flow-level data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "dairy_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram whey lemonade soda production, organic, mix + HTST pasteurisation + carbonation built from 2 energy / processing, 5 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram whey lemonade soda production, organic, mix + HTST pasteurisation + carbonation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Market for whey lemonade soda, organic, w/o transport (e2a6d copy2, RER): market pass-through to the organic production activity food_processing_whey_lemonade_soda_production_organic_RER. Same Pattern A recipe as the organic production UUID eef779c_copy2. substitute_edb_self=true to bypass the stale EDB foreground and the low-confidence BAFU auto-matches.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.2, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.06, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.66, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.0005, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "whey, organic food-grade, at dairy (dairy_lci)", "amount": 0.25, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.25 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "dairy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.25 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sugar, from sugarcane, at sugar refinery (BR)", "amount": 0.08, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Carbon dioxide liquid, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.005, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 11.5200892, "protein_g": 0.5, "fat_g": 0.2, "saturated_fat_g": 0.022, "carbohydrates_g": 1.9, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 2.8, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00508, "water_g": 94.6 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 11.5200892, 11.5200892 ], "protein_g": [ 0.5, 0.5 ], "fat_g": [ 0.2, 0.2 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.022, 0.022 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 1.9, 1.9 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 2.8, 2.8 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.00508, 0.00508 ], "water_g": [ 94.6, 94.6 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Lemonade", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.886, "embedding_distance": 0.114, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'lemonade' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Market for whey lemonade soda, organic, w/o transport (e2a6d copy2, RER): market pass-through to the organic production activity food_processing_whey_lemonade_soda_production_organic_RER. Same Pattern A recipe as the organic production UUID eef779c_copy2. substitute_edb_self=true to bypass the stale EDB foreground and the low-confidence BAFU auto-matches." }, "repl_6e38e956ad6a84c5": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/ebed15fa32344adca82b734c13d39d6e", "name": "meat broth paste (Fleischbouillon), at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_meat_broth_paste_CH" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Market for meat broth paste (Fleischbouillon), w/o transport, CH", "terms": [ { "id": "A0GFR", "name": "Bouillon", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "CHE", "name": "Switzerland", "ns": "gadm" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2020" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_meat_broth_paste_CH" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: peer-reviewed literature (Zheng 2020, Ramirez 2012, Panyakaew & Favret 2011) and BAFU OGD (Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026, Federal Office for the Environment). No flow-level data copied from ZHAW_Data_ei3.6 or ecoinvent; the ZHAW GWP figures are referenced only as an external sanity bound, never as exchange amounts.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fermentation_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram meat broth paste (Fleischbouillon), at plant built from 2 energy / processing, 4 other input, 1 field operations.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram meat broth paste (Fleischbouillon), at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Market for meat broth paste (Fleischbouillon), w/o transport, CH. Rebuilt 2026-07-27, replacing a lumped emission factor of 3.46 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null and which scored EXACTLY ZERO under every non-climate impact method. This is a single-supplier market without transport, so it carries no inventory of its own: it routes to the SAME food_processing_lci composite activity as its producing entry (ZHAW_Data_ei3.6/f993efa4521dc8911d15de1eef5e1cdd), and therefore inherits that activity's full speciated inventory instead of a flat CO2 number. Previously the two entries duplicated the same 3.46 constant in two places; now there is ONE inventory and two references to it, so they cannot drift apart. All modelling decisions -- the zero-upstream-burden allocation convention for rendered fat, the yeast-extract proxy for meat extract, and the declared MSG gap -- are documented on the production entry and apply identically here. Modelled GWP 0.3470 kg CO2eq/kg (delta -90.0% vs the retired 3.46), plus a declared unmodelled MSG contribution of about 1.448. Modelled acidification 0.00082135 kg SO2eq/kg, structurally unreachable before. No quantity in this entry was solved backwards from the retired flat value of 3.46 kg CO2eq/kg, from the ZHAW direct EI GWP of 3.897, or from the full-chain EI figure of 6.844. The composition is Panyakaew & Favret 2011 unchanged; every component is now a technosphere edge whose burden is whatever the BAFU or tributary activity computes. The modelled value falls to 0.3470 kg CO2eq/kg, and MOST of that fall is the deliberate removal of the 0.587 kg hand-added cattle gap and the replacement of a 32 kg/kg stacked meat-extract estimate; the rest is the declared MSG gap of 1.448 kg. The retired entry's agreement with its 3.5-8.0 'target range' was reached by adding those two unmodelled terms until the total landed inside it. Reproducing 3.46 would require keeping them. The gap is REPORTED, not tuned away. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (CH)", "amount": 0.014, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.014 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.014 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.014 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.014 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (CH)", "amount": 0.261, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.261 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.261 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.261 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.261 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium chloride, powder, at plant", "amount": 0.609, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tallow, at plant (rendered beef fat, zero upstream animal burden under physical allocation)", "amount": 0.179, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Yeast extract, autolysis and concentration (declared proxy for savoury meat extract)", "amount": 0.034, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "fermentation_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Monosodium glutamate, submerged aerobic fermentation (closes the gap this entry declared on 2026-07-27)", "amount": 0.181, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "fermentation_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, diesel, 26t gross weight", "amount": 0.2, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "field operations", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field operations", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Market for meat broth paste (Fleischbouillon), w/o transport, CH. Rebuilt 2026-07-27, replacing a lumped emission factor of 3.46 kg CO2eq/kg that was a single flat Carbon dioxide, fossil biosphere exchange with bafu_key=null and which scored EXACTLY ZERO under every non-climate impact method. This is a single-supplier market without transport, so it carries no inventory of its own: it routes to the SAME food_processing_lci composite activity as its producing entry (ZHAW_Data_ei3.6/f993efa4521dc8911d15de1eef5e1cdd), and therefore inherits that activity's full speciated inventory instead of a flat CO2 number. Previously the two entries duplicated the same 3.46 constant in two places; now there is ONE inventory and two references to it, so they cannot drift apart. All modelling decisions -- the zero-upstream-burden allocation convention for rendered fat, the yeast-extract proxy for meat extract, and the declared MSG gap -- are documented on the production entry and apply identically here. Modelled GWP 0.3470 kg CO2eq/kg (delta -90.0% vs the retired 3.46), plus a declared unmodelled MSG contribution of about 1.448. Modelled acidification 0.00082135 kg SO2eq/kg, structurally unreachable before. No quantity in this entry was solved backwards from the retired flat value of 3.46 kg CO2eq/kg, from the ZHAW direct EI GWP of 3.897, or from the full-chain EI figure of 6.844. The composition is Panyakaew & Favret 2011 unchanged; every component is now a technosphere edge whose burden is whatever the BAFU or tributary activity computes. The modelled value falls to 0.3470 kg CO2eq/kg, and MOST of that fall is the deliberate removal of the 0.587 kg hand-added cattle gap and the replacement of a 32 kg/kg stacked meat-extract estimate; the rest is the declared MSG gap of 1.448 kg. The retired entry's agreement with its 3.5-8.0 'target range' was reached by adding those two unmodelled terms until the total landed inside it. Reproducing 3.46 would require keeping them. The gap is REPORTED, not tuned away. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2026." }, "repl_3fbd4887da4e1553": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/eef779c90a77450bb4615eb96f32763b_copy1", "name": "whey lemonade soda production, mix + HTST pasteurisation + carbonation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_whey_lemonade_soda_production_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "whey lemonade soda, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "lemonade" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301630" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_whey_lemonade_soda_production_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All recipe values from independent open literature (Özer & Akın 2023, Henriques 2013, Sady 2013, EU BREF FDM 2019, Toepfl 2006, Heller & Keoleian 2018) plus public BAFU catalog factors. No ecoinvent flow-level data copied or derived.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "dairy_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram whey lemonade soda production, mix + HTST pasteurisation + carbonation built from 2 energy / processing, 5 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram whey lemonade soda production, mix + HTST pasteurisation + carbonation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Whey lemonade soda production (copy1, RER): Pattern A composite LCI with substitute_edb_self. Process: whey permeate + water + sugar + CO2 mix -> HTST pasteurisation (~72°C, 15s) -> carbonation -> filling. Recipe per kg: 0.25 kg whey (BAFU 304866 CH), 0.08 kg sugar (BAFU 452507 BR sugarcane), 0.66 kg tap water (BAFU 227940 RER), 0.005 kg CO2 (BAFU 450573 RER), 0.060 kWh electricity (BAFU 609058 RER default), 0.200 MJ natural-gas heat (BAFU 252893 RER), 0.0005 m3 wastewater (BAFU 510767 CH). Root cause: no food_processing_reconstruction coverage + 21% low-confidence BAFU auto-matches in the background chain ('Oil power plant 500MW' 0.67, 'Green manure organic' 0.43, 'Ammonium sulphate as N' 0.40, 'Chemical plant organics' 0.37). Substitute_edb_self replaces the EDB foreground so those wrong background substitutions cannot survive remapping. Target processing-inclusive GWP ~0.20 kg CO2eq/kg (ecoinvent reference 0.21, pre-fix BAFU 0.19).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.2, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.06, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.66, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.0005, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "whey, food-grade, at dairy (dairy_lci)", "amount": 0.25, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.25 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "dairy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.25 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sugar, from sugarcane, at sugar refinery (BR)", "amount": 0.08, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Carbon dioxide liquid, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.005, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 11.5200892, "protein_g": 0.5, "fat_g": 0.2, "saturated_fat_g": 0.022, "carbohydrates_g": 1.9, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 2.8, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00508, "water_g": 94.6 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 11.5200892, 11.5200892 ], "protein_g": [ 0.5, 0.5 ], "fat_g": [ 0.2, 0.2 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.022, 0.022 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 1.9, 1.9 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 2.8, 2.8 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.00508, 0.00508 ], "water_g": [ 94.6, 94.6 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Lemonade", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.886, "embedding_distance": 0.114, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'lemonade' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Whey lemonade soda production (copy1, RER): Pattern A composite LCI with substitute_edb_self. Process: whey permeate + water + sugar + CO2 mix -> HTST pasteurisation (~72°C, 15s) -> carbonation -> filling. Recipe per kg: 0.25 kg whey (BAFU 304866 CH), 0.08 kg sugar (BAFU 452507 BR sugarcane), 0.66 kg tap water (BAFU 227940 RER), 0.005 kg CO2 (BAFU 450573 RER), 0.060 kWh electricity (BAFU 609058 RER default), 0.200 MJ natural-gas heat (BAFU 252893 RER), 0.0005 m3 wastewater (BAFU 510767 CH). Root cause: no food_processing_reconstruction coverage + 21% low-confidence BAFU auto-matches in the background chain ('Oil power plant 500MW' 0.67, 'Green manure organic' 0.43, 'Ammonium sulphate as N' 0.40, 'Chemical plant organics' 0.37). Substitute_edb_self replaces the EDB foreground so those wrong background substitutions cannot survive remapping. Target processing-inclusive GWP ~0.20 kg CO2eq/kg (ecoinvent reference 0.21, pre-fix BAFU 0.19)." }, "repl_af559b768a96ba5e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/eef779c90a77450bb4615eb96f32763b_copy2", "name": "whey lemonade soda production, organic, mix + HTST pasteurisation + carbonation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_whey_lemonade_soda_production_organic_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "whey lemonade soda, organic, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "lemonade" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03301630" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_whey_lemonade_soda_production_organic_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open literature + BAFU catalog only. No ecoinvent flow-level data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "dairy_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram whey lemonade soda production, organic, mix + HTST pasteurisation + carbonation built from 2 energy / processing, 5 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram whey lemonade soda production, organic, mix + HTST pasteurisation + carbonation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Whey lemonade soda production, organic (copy2, RER): Pattern A composite LCI with substitute_edb_self. Physical formulation identical to the conventional variant (copy1): 0.25 kg organic food-grade whey, 0.66 kg tap water, 0.08 kg sugar, 0.005 kg liquid CO2, 0.06 kWh electricity, 0.2 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.0005 m3 wastewater per kg beverage. Organic differentiation lives entirely in the upstream organic whey input (dairy_lci/91f200feedd909854fb37e94f453fdd1, Bio Suisse organic raw milk). The previous 0.35 kg whey / 0.56 kg water recipe double-counted the organic dairy premium and is retired. Target processing-inclusive GWP ~0.28 kg CO2eq/kg (ecoinvent reference 0.28).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.2, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.06, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.66, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.0005, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "whey, organic food-grade, at dairy (dairy_lci)", "amount": 0.25, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.25 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "dairy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.25 kilogram) resolved to the dairy_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sugar, from sugarcane, at sugar refinery (BR)", "amount": 0.08, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Carbon dioxide liquid, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.005, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 11.5200892, "protein_g": 0.5, "fat_g": 0.2, "saturated_fat_g": 0.022, "carbohydrates_g": 1.9, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 2.8, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00508, "water_g": 94.6 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 11.5200892, 11.5200892 ], "protein_g": [ 0.5, 0.5 ], "fat_g": [ 0.2, 0.2 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.022, 0.022 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 1.9, 1.9 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 2.8, 2.8 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.00508, 0.00508 ], "water_g": [ 94.6, 94.6 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Lemonade", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.886, "embedding_distance": 0.114, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'lemonade' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Whey lemonade soda production, organic (copy2, RER): Pattern A composite LCI with substitute_edb_self. Physical formulation identical to the conventional variant (copy1): 0.25 kg organic food-grade whey, 0.66 kg tap water, 0.08 kg sugar, 0.005 kg liquid CO2, 0.06 kWh electricity, 0.2 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.0005 m3 wastewater per kg beverage. Organic differentiation lives entirely in the upstream organic whey input (dairy_lci/91f200feedd909854fb37e94f453fdd1, Bio Suisse organic raw milk). The previous 0.35 kg whey / 0.56 kg water recipe double-counted the organic dairy premium and is retired. Target processing-inclusive GWP ~0.28 kg CO2eq/kg (ecoinvent reference 0.28)." }, "repl_78f2c72fd4855a8e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f224499525344b2fae5e97c99a5995a1_copy4", "name": "peach juice production, pulper/finisher + HTST pasteurisation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_peach_juice_production_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "peach juice, RER", "terms": [ { "id": "c_f5d5c572", "name": "peach juice", "ns": "agrovoc" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_peach_juice_production_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.75, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram peach juice production, pulper/finisher + HTST pasteurisation built from 2 energy / processing, 3 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram peach juice production, pulper/finisher + HTST pasteurisation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Peach juice production (copy4, RER): food_processing_reconstruction. Process: lye peeling (5% NaOH, 99°C, 15-20 s) + pre-pulping blanching (93°C, 2 min thermo-screw) + pulper/finisher extraction + HTST pasteurisation (88-93°C). Yield: 0.503 kg puree/kg fruit (FAO Bull. 146 Ch 13.11 + Questionmark 2015 mean). Input: 1.988 kg IT peach per kg juice (fruit_crops_lci). Energy: SENSE D2.1 Table 2.4 base (0.1429 kWh, 0.6476 MJ) + peach-specific extras (EU BREF caustic peeling +0.004 kWh; Drosou 2025 blanching +0.388 MJ). Total: 0.1469 kWh + 1.0353 MJ + 5.4 kg water. Root cause fix: replaces force_override copy_blocked entry that allowed lci-market linseed substitution to persist in BAFU technosphere exchanges.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.0353, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.1469, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 5.4, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00432, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "peach production, modelled (fruit_crops_lci IT proxy)", "amount": 1.988, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (1.988 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (1.988 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 58.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 0.0, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 14.23, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.36, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.011, "water_g": 85.23 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 58.0, 58.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 14.23, 14.23 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.36, 0.36 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.011, 0.011 ], "water_g": [ 85.23, 85.23 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Peach juice", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.933, "embedding_distance": 0.067, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'peach juice' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Peach juice production (copy4, RER): food_processing_reconstruction. Process: lye peeling (5% NaOH, 99°C, 15-20 s) + pre-pulping blanching (93°C, 2 min thermo-screw) + pulper/finisher extraction + HTST pasteurisation (88-93°C). Yield: 0.503 kg puree/kg fruit (FAO Bull. 146 Ch 13.11 + Questionmark 2015 mean). Input: 1.988 kg IT peach per kg juice (fruit_crops_lci). Energy: SENSE D2.1 Table 2.4 base (0.1429 kWh, 0.6476 MJ) + peach-specific extras (EU BREF caustic peeling +0.004 kWh; Drosou 2025 blanching +0.388 MJ). Total: 0.1469 kWh + 1.0353 MJ + 5.4 kg water. Root cause fix: replaces force_override copy_blocked entry that allowed lci-market linseed substitution to persist in BAFU technosphere exchanges." }, "repl_4ccf8dcb14ea87b7": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f224499525344b2fae5e97c99a5995a1_copy5", "name": "peach juice production, pulper/finisher + HTST pasteurisation (variant)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_peach_juice_production_v2_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "peach juice production, RER", "terms": [ { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_peach_juice_production_v2_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.75, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram peach juice production, pulper/finisher + HTST pasteurisation (variant) built from 2 energy / processing, 3 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram peach juice production, pulper/finisher + HTST pasteurisation (variant)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Peach juice production (copy5, RER): food_processing_reconstruction. Same process as copy4 (different ecoinvent recipe variant). Pulper/finisher + HTST pasteurisation. Input: 1.988 kg IT peach/kg juice. Energy: 0.1469 kWh + 1.0353 MJ + 5.4 kg water per kg juice. Root cause fix: replaces force_override that allowed lci-market linseed substitution to persist.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.0353, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.1469, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 5.4, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.00432, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "peach production, modelled (fruit_crops_lci IT proxy)", "amount": 1.988, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (1.988 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (1.988 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Peach juice production (copy5, RER): food_processing_reconstruction. Same process as copy4 (different ecoinvent recipe variant). Pulper/finisher + HTST pasteurisation. Input: 1.988 kg IT peach/kg juice. Energy: 0.1469 kWh + 1.0353 MJ + 5.4 kg water per kg juice. Root cause fix: replaces force_override that allowed lci-market linseed substitution to persist." }, "repl_6215efa48a64dc5b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy27", "name": "spinach processing, washing, blanching, IQF freezing", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_spinach_freezing_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "frozen spinach production, washing + blanching + IQF freezing, Europe", "terms": [ { "id": "A00MJ", "name": "Spinach", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "c_14508", "name": "spinach", "ns": "agrovoc" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540421", "name": "04210 - spinaches (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2020" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_spinach_freezing_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All inventory quantities come from open sources or direct calculations based on open sources (Foppa Pedretti 2023, Striegel 2013, BAFU OGD). No flow-level data from the proprietary ecoinvent record were copied, reverse-engineered, or used as parameters.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram spinach processing, washing, blanching, IQF freezing built from 2 energy / processing, 4 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram spinach processing, washing, blanching, IQF freezing", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Spinach freezing (Europe): Pattern A composite LCI plus substitute_edb_self. The unfinished Hellweg record is rebuilt as a processor-gate freezing activity using only open sources: industrial spinach chain conditions from Striegel et al. (2013, Bonduelle France) and spinach-specific factory-gate utility data from Foppa Pedretti et al. (2023, central Italy). The new composite models electricity, natural-gas heat, process water, bulk LDPE liner packaging, ammonia refrigerant make-up, and spinach residue disposal to anaerobic digestion. Upstream spinach cultivation is intentionally excluded because this EDB activity is a freezing/processing foreground rather than a farm-to-gate spinach product. Retail corrugated cases and labels are excluded because the modeled output is bulk frozen spinach leaving the processor, not a supermarket-ready case pack.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.519, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.519 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.519 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.519 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.519 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.2104, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 2.2104 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.2104 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 2.2104 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.2104 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 35.4, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Polyethylene, LDPE, granulate, at plant", "amount": 0.001677, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Ammonia, liquid, at regional storehouse", "amount": 2.1e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation", "amount": 0.418, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 23.0, "protein_g": 2.6125, "fat_g": 0.4, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 1.335, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 1.95, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.10414000000000001, "water_g": 91.7722222222222 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 13.0, 38.3 ], "protein_g": [ 0.9, 6.7 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.8 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 2.3 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 5.57 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.66 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 3.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.43434 ], "water_g": [ 69.5, 95.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "agrovoc:c_14508", "matched_term_name": "spinach", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 29, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Spinach freezing (Europe): Pattern A composite LCI plus substitute_edb_self. The unfinished Hellweg record is rebuilt as a processor-gate freezing activity using only open sources: industrial spinach chain conditions from Striegel et al. (2013, Bonduelle France) and spinach-specific factory-gate utility data from Foppa Pedretti et al. (2023, central Italy). The new composite models electricity, natural-gas heat, process water, bulk LDPE liner packaging, ammonia refrigerant make-up, and spinach residue disposal to anaerobic digestion. Upstream spinach cultivation is intentionally excluded because this EDB activity is a freezing/processing foreground rather than a farm-to-gate spinach product. Retail corrugated cases and labels are excluded because the modeled output is bulk frozen spinach leaving the processor, not a supermarket-ready case pack." }, "repl_c7c7e2c1d240ac09": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy36", "name": "apple powder production, multistage drying (Pattern A composite)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_apple_powder_multistage_drying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Apple powder, multistage drying (multi-effect + drum), gate-to-gate industrial processing, RER (fossil-heat composite)", "terms": [ { "id": "A01CD", "name": "Apple, dried", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "ecoinvent-geo" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541456", "name": "14560 - mandarins (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_apple_powder_multistage_drying_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All inventory values derived from independent open sources: IDF Bulletin 479 (2015), De Marco et al. (2015) IJLCA (DOI:10.1007/s11367-015-0971-y), Baker & McKenzie (2005) Drying Technology (DOI:10.1081/DRT-200047665), Ramirez et al. (2006) Energy, and public BAFU OGD catalog codes 252893, 609058, 227940. No ecoinvent flow-level data was copied; the ecoinvent GWP reference (0.744) is cited only as a numerical comparison target.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram apple powder production, multistage drying (Pattern A composite) built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram apple powder production, multistage drying (Pattern A composite)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) processing apple powder, multistage drying (RER, f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy36): Pattern A composite LCI with substitute_edb_self. Models gate-to-gate multistage drying: multi-effect falling-film pre-concentration followed by a final drum/belt drying step. Per IDF Bulletin 479 (2015), multi-effect evaporators run at ~230-400 kJ/kg water in 5-7 effects; combined with a small final drying stage the net thermal demand drops by roughly 4x relative to drum-only. Inventory per kg apple powder: 5.5 MJ natural gas heat + 0.30 kWh medium-voltage electricity + 0.5 kg tap water. BAFU technosphere chain: code 252893 Heat, natural gas, boiler condensing modulating >100kW (RER, 0.07470 kg CO2eq/MJ) + code 609058 Electricity, medium voltage at grid (RER, 0.31494 kg CO2eq/kWh) + code 227940 Tap water at user (RER). Calculated processing GWP = 5.5*0.07470 + 0.30*0.31494 + 0.5*0.000348 = 0.411 + 0.094 + 0.0002 = 0.506 kg CO2eq/kg apple powder, consistent with De Marco et al. (2015) IJLCA 20:1659-1672 reporting multistage drying GWP is lower than drum drying for apple powder. substitute_edb_self=true collapses the stale EDB foreground via edb_remapper so the composite activity carries all processing inventory. License: all values from open BAFU OGD data and peer-reviewed open literature; no proprietary ecoinvent flow data copied.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 5.5, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.3, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.5, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "processing apple powder, multistage drying (RER, f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy36): Pattern A composite LCI with substitute_edb_self. Models gate-to-gate multistage drying: multi-effect falling-film pre-concentration followed by a final drum/belt drying step. Per IDF Bulletin 479 (2015), multi-effect evaporators run at ~230-400 kJ/kg water in 5-7 effects; combined with a small final drying stage the net thermal demand drops by roughly 4x relative to drum-only. Inventory per kg apple powder: 5.5 MJ natural gas heat + 0.30 kWh medium-voltage electricity + 0.5 kg tap water. BAFU technosphere chain: code 252893 Heat, natural gas, boiler condensing modulating >100kW (RER, 0.07470 kg CO2eq/MJ) + code 609058 Electricity, medium voltage at grid (RER, 0.31494 kg CO2eq/kWh) + code 227940 Tap water at user (RER). Calculated processing GWP = 5.5*0.07470 + 0.30*0.31494 + 0.5*0.000348 = 0.411 + 0.094 + 0.0002 = 0.506 kg CO2eq/kg apple powder, consistent with De Marco et al. (2015) IJLCA 20:1659-1672 reporting multistage drying GWP is lower than drum drying for apple powder. substitute_edb_self=true collapses the stale EDB foreground via edb_remapper so the composite activity carries all processing inventory. License: all values from open BAFU OGD data and peer-reviewed open literature; no proprietary ecoinvent flow data copied." }, "repl_3b0a3b08939b33ee": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy42", "name": "date syrup production, extraction and evaporative concentration", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_date_syrup_extraction_evaporation_GLO" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Date syrup, GLO", "terms": [ { "ns": "off", "id": "date-syrups" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "GLO", "name": "Global" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_date_syrup_extraction_evaporation_GLO" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All inventory quantities come from open public reports, open-access literature, or first-principles calculations. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data was used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.79, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram date syrup production, extraction and evaporative concentration built from 2 energy / processing, 2 other input; emissions: field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram date syrup production, extraction and evaporative concentration", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Fresh date processing -> Date syrup (GLO): Pattern A composite LCI built from an open industrial mass balance plus open SEC data for syrup concentration. The composite links directly to fruit_crops_lci palm-date production and models extraction/concentration with 1.4423 kg fresh dates, 9.2635 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.0481 kWh electricity, 2.4038 kg process water, and 36.0577 kg cooling water per kg syrup. The live open BAFU record in this workspace already uses the correct palm-date upstream, so the remaining fix is the missing source-of-truth date-syrup foreground rather than the older 'Chemicals organic' force-override diagnosis.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 9.263497, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.048077, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 2.403846, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "palm date production, modelled", "amount": 1.442308, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (1.442308 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (1.442308 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 36.057692, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 36.057692, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 286.09, "protein_g": 1.2000000476837158, "fat_g": 0.4, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 67.95, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 4.129756097560976, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0020320000000000004, "water_g": 27.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 144.0, 301.0 ], "protein_g": [ 1.18, 2.9 ], "fat_g": [ 0.1, 0.5 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.10000000149011612 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 33.370243902439015, 77.3 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 70.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 8.04 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.01778 ], "water_g": [ 17.7, 59.2 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "off:date-syrups", "matched_term_name": "Date syrups", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 7, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Fresh date processing -> Date syrup (GLO): Pattern A composite LCI built from an open industrial mass balance plus open SEC data for syrup concentration. The composite links directly to fruit_crops_lci palm-date production and models extraction/concentration with 1.4423 kg fresh dates, 9.2635 MJ natural-gas heat, 0.0481 kWh electricity, 2.4038 kg process water, and 36.0577 kg cooling water per kg syrup. The live open BAFU record in this workspace already uses the correct palm-date upstream, so the remaining fix is the missing source-of-truth date-syrup foreground rather than the older 'Chemicals organic' force-override diagnosis." }, "repl_a984d98dc47fa55f": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy65", "name": "lime juice processing, cold-press extraction (lemon proxy)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_lime_juice_market_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "lime juice, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03306160" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "lime-juices" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_lime_juice_market_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All values come from open workspace artifacts, open literature, and public BAFU OGD factors. No proprietary ecoinvent flow-level data was copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram lime juice processing, cold-press extraction (lemon proxy) built from 1 energy / processing, 1 mineral fertiliser.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram lime juice processing, cold-press extraction (lemon proxy)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Lime processing, lime juice (RER): Pattern A composite LCI with substitute_edb_self. The source-of-truth gap left the production UUID unmapped even though the related market UUID bba0fb0267ac4f23aba0f1802b3dd23e_copy7 already routes to the open food_processing_lime_juice_market_RER composite. This override collapses the stale production foreground to that existing open citrus chain: 2.222 kg lemon production from fruit_crops_lci as the documented upstream proxy for lime orchard burden plus 0.0915 kWh electricity for cold-press extraction. AIJN defines lime juice as mechanically obtained from mature fruit and FAO's citrus-processing guidance treats lemon and lime as the same cold-press juice-plus-oil family, so reuse of the existing open citrus composite is the documented interim fix until lci-fruit gains a dedicated lime orchard model.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0915, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.0915 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.0915 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.0915 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.0915 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "lime, at farm gate (lemon proxy via fruit_crops_lci)", "amount": 2.222, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "mineral fertiliser", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.222 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.222 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "mineral fertiliser", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 15.32625975, "protein_g": 0.3, "fat_g": 0.125, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 3.2, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.1, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00508, "water_g": 92.5 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 15.32625975, 15.32625975 ], "protein_g": [ 0.3, 0.3 ], "fat_g": [ 0.125, 0.125 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 3.2, 3.2 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.1, 0.1 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.00508, 0.00508 ], "water_g": [ 92.5, 92.5 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Lime juice", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.797, "embedding_distance": 0.203, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'lime juice' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Lime processing, lime juice (RER): Pattern A composite LCI with substitute_edb_self. The source-of-truth gap left the production UUID unmapped even though the related market UUID bba0fb0267ac4f23aba0f1802b3dd23e_copy7 already routes to the open food_processing_lime_juice_market_RER composite. This override collapses the stale production foreground to that existing open citrus chain: 2.222 kg lemon production from fruit_crops_lci as the documented upstream proxy for lime orchard burden plus 0.0915 kWh electricity for cold-press extraction. AIJN defines lime juice as mechanically obtained from mature fruit and FAO's citrus-processing guidance treats lemon and lime as the same cold-press juice-plus-oil family, so reuse of the existing open citrus composite is the documented interim fix until lci-fruit gains a dedicated lime orchard model." }, "repl_cb9ae02e67467681": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f6f77ea55b899fc004f972b0de98870a_copy9", "name": "date syrup processing, extraction and vacuum concentration", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_date_syrup_processing_GLO" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Date syrup processing, GLO", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6195" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A048T" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "processingAidUnspecified" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "GLO", "name": "Global" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03544451", "name": "44510 - processing aids (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_date_syrup_processing_GLO" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All inventory quantities come from open reports, open-access literature, or first-principles thermodynamic conversion. No proprietary ecoinvent flow data was used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram date syrup processing, extraction and vacuum concentration built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input; emissions: field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram date syrup processing, extraction and vacuum concentration", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Date syrup processing (GLO): Pattern A composite LCI for the processing-service UUID, rebuilt from open stage data only. The inventory combines an open juice-plant extraction proxy for washing/heating/pressing (SENSE D2.1 Table 2.4: 0.1429 kWh/kg + 0.6476 MJ/kg) with the date-syrup-specific vacuum-concentration utilities from the UNIDO 19405 industrial profile (100 kW electricity, 5,000 L/h process water, 75 m3/h cooling water, and 1,250 kg/h steam for 2,080 kg/h syrup). Steam mass is converted with the IAPWS saturated-steam enthalpy at 7 barg (2,768.3 kJ/kg), giving a processing-only utility load of 2.3112 MJ heat + 0.1910 kWh electricity + 2.4038 kg water + 36.0577 kg cooling water per kg syrup processed.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.311242, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.190977, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 2.403846, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, cooling, unspecified natural origin, RER", "amount": 36.057692, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 36.057692, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Date syrup processing (GLO): Pattern A composite LCI for the processing-service UUID, rebuilt from open stage data only. The inventory combines an open juice-plant extraction proxy for washing/heating/pressing (SENSE D2.1 Table 2.4: 0.1429 kWh/kg + 0.6476 MJ/kg) with the date-syrup-specific vacuum-concentration utilities from the UNIDO 19405 industrial profile (100 kW electricity, 5,000 L/h process water, 75 m3/h cooling water, and 1,250 kg/h steam for 2,080 kg/h syrup). Steam mass is converted with the IAPWS saturated-steam enthalpy at 7 barg (2,768.3 kJ/kg), giving a processing-only utility load of 2.3112 MJ heat + 0.1910 kWh electricity + 2.4038 kg water + 36.0577 kg cooling water per kg syrup processed." }, "repl_be86f2f2adeaed7c": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy23", "name": "Rice, at farm", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "405642" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Brown rice dry milling to white non-basmati rice, global average proxy using BAFU paddy anchor", "terms": [ { "id": "A001K", "name": "Rice, white, milled", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "c_6510", "name": "white rice", "ns": "agrovoc" }, { "id": "GLO", "name": "Global", "ns": "ecoinvent-geo" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540050", "name": "00500 - rye grain (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "GLO", "name": "Global", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "anchor_plus_correction", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "405642" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": null, "note": "Closure reaches only open leaves, but method.kind='anchor_plus_correction' is not a canonical ecoinvent-free kind; no blanket ecoinvent-free assertion is made. All values derived from open literature and BAFU OGD data. No ecoinvent flow-level data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Rice, at farm built from 5 field operations, 15 other input, 1 transport, 1 energy / processing, 6 mineral fertiliser, 2 seed; emissions: field emission (carbon), field emission (heavy metal), field emission (nutrient), field emission (other), field emission (pesticide), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Rice, at farm", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Persistent override for white rice, non basmati dry milling (GLO). Root cause: the previous copy23 'fix' only touched the generated food_processing_to_bafu_mapping.json and was lost on regeneration, so the final merge fell back to agri_model_integrated and injected rice CH4, field N2O, and RothC SOC onto a gate-to-gate milling activity. Correct scope: dry milling should carry upstream paddy cultivation via the BAFU farm-gate anchor only, plus milling electricity. Uses BAFU 405642 'Rice, at farm' (US) as the best available open anchor and converts from paddy to white rice with a 70% milling yield (1.43 kg paddy per kg white rice; IRRI Technical Bulletin 60 2015 reports 68% white rice from paddy, with commercial recovery commonly 65-70%). Adds only milling electricity CO2 (0.03 kWh/kg white rice, central value from Bergman & Chen 1988 industry range 25-36 kWh/t white rice; higher literature point 50 kWh/t rough grain in Thanawong 2014 used for uncertainty upper bound). No CH4, N2O, or SOC biosphere corrections are included because BAFU 405642 already embeds agricultural emissions and scope-boundary guardrails prohibit re-adding them on food_processing_reconstruction entries. Expected processing-chain GWP: 1.8932 x 1.43 + 0.00984 = 2.7171 kg CO2eq/kg white rice before market feedback effects. No proprietary ecoinvent flow data used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Triclopyr", "amount": 6.3244e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Bentazone", "amount": 3.982e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Zinc", "amount": -1.5701e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, to annual crop", "amount": 1.4586, "unit": "square meter", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. 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Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Copper", "amount": 3.9975e-07, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Application of plant protection products, by field sprayer", "amount": 0.00094808, "unit": "hectare", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Zinc", "amount": 1.7361e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Pendimethalin", "amount": 9.6818e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Ammonium nitrate, as N, at regional storehouse", "amount": 0.0054676, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "mineral fertiliser", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Rice seed, at regional storehouse", "amount": 0.020599, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitrogen oxides", "amount": 0.00011958, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Cadmium", "amount": 5.5143e-09, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tillage, cultivating, chiselling", "amount": 0.00014586, "unit": "hectare", "role": "input", "group": "field operations", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "[sulfonyl]urea-compounds, at regional storehouse", "amount": 3.5136e-07, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "mineral fertiliser", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lead", "amount": -1.4512e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Mercury", "amount": 1.2331e-09, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Organophosphorus-compounds, at regional storehouse", "amount": 1.3186e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Acetamide-anillide-compounds, at regional storehouse", "amount": 0.0002727, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tillage, ploughing", "amount": 2.9172e-05, "unit": "hectare", "role": "input", "group": "field operations", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Parathion", "amount": 1.3e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chromium", "amount": 1.4893e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chromium", "amount": 2.7091e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 24, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "n_items": 20, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "field operations", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (carbon)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 15, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "n_items": 7, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "mineral fertiliser", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (pesticide)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 338.0, "protein_g": 10.3, "fat_g": 1.63, "saturated_fat_g": 0.197, "carbohydrates_g": 75.9, "sugars_g": 0.98, "fiber_g": 15.1, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.00508, "water_g": 10.6 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 338.0, 338.0 ], "protein_g": [ 10.3, 10.3 ], "fat_g": [ 1.63, 1.63 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.197, 0.197 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 75.9, 75.9 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.98, 0.98 ], "fiber_g": [ 15.1, 15.1 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.00508, 0.00508 ], "water_g": [ 10.6, 10.6 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Rye grain", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 1.0, "embedding_distance": 0.0, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Rye grain' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Persistent override for white rice, non basmati dry milling (GLO). Root cause: the previous copy23 'fix' only touched the generated food_processing_to_bafu_mapping.json and was lost on regeneration, so the final merge fell back to agri_model_integrated and injected rice CH4, field N2O, and RothC SOC onto a gate-to-gate milling activity. Correct scope: dry milling should carry upstream paddy cultivation via the BAFU farm-gate anchor only, plus milling electricity. Uses BAFU 405642 'Rice, at farm' (US) as the best available open anchor and converts from paddy to white rice with a 70% milling yield (1.43 kg paddy per kg white rice; IRRI Technical Bulletin 60 2015 reports 68% white rice from paddy, with commercial recovery commonly 65-70%). Adds only milling electricity CO2 (0.03 kWh/kg white rice, central value from Bergman & Chen 1988 industry range 25-36 kWh/t white rice; higher literature point 50 kWh/t rough grain in Thanawong 2014 used for uncertainty upper bound). No CH4, N2O, or SOC biosphere corrections are included because BAFU 405642 already embeds agricultural emissions and scope-boundary guardrails prohibit re-adding them on food_processing_reconstruction entries. Expected processing-chain GWP: 1.8932 x 1.43 + 0.00984 = 2.7171 kg CO2eq/kg white rice before market feedback effects. No proprietary ecoinvent flow data used." }, "repl_78514512102ab7c9": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy32", "name": "quinoa grain processing, dry milling, wholemeal flour (RER)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_quinoa_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "quinoa flour, dry-milled from Peru conventional grain", "terms": [ { "id": "A001Q", "name": "Quinoa", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "quinoaGrain", "name": "Quinoa grain", "ns": "hestia" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "ecoinvent-geo" }, { "id": "PER", "name": "Peru", "ns": "gadm" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540059", "name": "00590 - emmer wheat grain (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2020" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_quinoa_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.75, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram quinoa grain processing, dry milling, wholemeal flour (RER) built from 1 energy / processing, 3 mineral fertiliser, 1 field operations, 3 other input; emissions: field emission (nutrient), field emission (pesticide).", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram quinoa grain processing, dry milling, wholemeal flour (RER)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Process-based wholemeal quinoa flour reconstruction: Peru farm-gate crop inventory (Gamboa 2020) scaled to 1.0526 kg grain per kg flour (95% wholemeal extraction, De Bock 2021) plus 0.12 kWh RER milling electricity, embedded directly in the food_processing_quinoa_dry_milling_RER composite. No native BAFU/fruit_crops_lci quinoa grain activity exists.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.12, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Average mineral fertiliser, as N (RER) — 121 kg N/ha", "amount": 0.065317, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "mineral fertiliser", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Average mineral fertiliser, as P2O5 (RER) — 93 kg/ha", "amount": 0.050203, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "mineral fertiliser", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Average mineral fertiliser, as K2O (RER) — 81 kg/ha", "amount": 0.043725, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "mineral fertiliser", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Diesel, burned in agricultural machine (CH proxy) — 22.8 kg/ha", "amount": 0.012306, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "field operations", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Fungicides, at regional storehouse (RER) — 0.38 kg a.i./ha", "amount": 0.000205, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Insecticides, at regional storehouse (RER) — 0.19 kg a.i./ha", "amount": 0.000103, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Poultry manure, dried (CH proxy) — 20.99 kg/ha (HESTIA Peru)", "amount": 0.01133, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Dinitrogen monoxide", "amount": 0.00143, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Ammonia", "amount": 0.00894, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitrate", "amount": 0.070323, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Pesticides, unspecified (to soil)", "amount": 0.000277, "unit": "kg", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (pesticide)", "why": null, "source_layer": null, "reference": null, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from the BAFU/UVEK reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "mineral fertiliser", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field operations", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "field emission (pesticide)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Process-based wholemeal quinoa flour reconstruction: Peru farm-gate crop inventory (Gamboa 2020) scaled to 1.0526 kg grain per kg flour (95% wholemeal extraction, De Bock 2021) plus 0.12 kWh RER milling electricity, embedded directly in the food_processing_quinoa_dry_milling_RER composite. No native BAFU/fruit_crops_lci quinoa grain activity exists." }, "repl_151656fdffda382d": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f9d73f121a9212436589c6aba82d977e_copy33", "name": "Wheat grains conventional, Saxony-Anhalt, at farm", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "457863" }, "sediment": { "intent": "wheat bran, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A004P" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_019ee1cc" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "eebb0924-cf1b-43a6-bdd4-c1a322ace5a0" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540111", "name": "01110 - wheat bran (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "anchor_plus_correction", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "457863" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": null, "note": "Closure reaches only open leaves, but method.kind='anchor_plus_correction' is not a canonical ecoinvent-free kind; no blanket ecoinvent-free assertion is made. All values are traceable to open literature, open industry reports, and BAFU OGD data. No ecoinvent flow-level data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram Wheat grains conventional, Saxony-Anhalt, at farm built from 8 other input, 2 transport, 3 mineral fertiliser, 4 field operations, 1 energy / processing, 2 seed; emissions: field emission (carbon), field emission (heavy metal), field emission (nutrient), field emission (other), land use.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram Wheat grains conventional, Saxony-Anhalt, at farm", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Wheat bran dry milling co-product (RER): anchor + milling-energy correction pattern using open dry-milling allocation data. Conversion factor 0.5268 kg wheat/kg bran is derived from the GFLI default wheat-bran economic allocation fraction 6.3% divided by bran mass fraction 11.96%. Milling electricity correction uses UK Flour Millers 2023 sector average 87.5 kWh/t grain milled, allocated to bran on the same economic basis: 0.0461 kWh/kg bran × 0.328 kg CO2/kWh = 0.0151 kg CO2-fossil. Total GWP = 0.5267 × 0.5268 + 0.0151 = 0.2926 kg CO2eq/kg bran. BAFU anchor 457863 (Wheat grains conventional, Saxony-Anhalt, at farm) is preferred over 348021 because the current RER wheat dry-milling family already uses the DE conventional proxy; CH IP is a less representative agronomic and geographic match for RER conventional wheat. The market 'market for wheat bran, w/o transport' (85783f26a32e4b3ca0d0d65b67017c6c_copy1) inherits the corrected GWP through the technosphere chain.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Lead", "amount": 2.0283e-07, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Diflufenican", "amount": 8.2598e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitrate", "amount": 0.017751, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nitrile-compounds, at regional storehouse", "amount": 2.534e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transformation, from arable, non-irrigated, diverse-intensive", "amount": 1.3216, "unit": "square meter", "role": "emission", "group": "land use", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nickel", "amount": 2.3882e-07, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Fenpropidin", "amount": 3.3332e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Cyprodinil", "amount": 2.534e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Application of plant protection products, by field sprayer", "amount": 0.00065533, "unit": "hectare", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Nickel", "amount": 7.0215e-07, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Spiroxamine", "amount": 1.7195e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Cadmium", "amount": 5.9567e-09, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. 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(2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lead", "amount": 3.2567e-08, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tillage, harrowing, by rotary harrow", "amount": 0.00039101, "unit": "hectare", "role": "input", "group": "field operations", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chromium", "amount": 1.5949e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Mercury", "amount": 4.5352e-11, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sowing", "amount": 0.00013216, "unit": "hectare", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Flurtamone", "amount": 5.1712e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Phosphorus", "amount": 1.6709e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chromium", "amount": 3.8425e-07, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tebuconazole", "amount": 1.3472e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Lead", "amount": 7.5293e-09, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Zinc", "amount": 1.7759e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "field emission (heavy metal)", "n_items": 20, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 17, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "field emission (nutrient)", "n_items": 6, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 8, "role": "input" }, { "group": "land use", "n_items": 3, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "field emission (carbon)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "mineral fertiliser", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field operations", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Wheat bran dry milling co-product (RER): anchor + milling-energy correction pattern using open dry-milling allocation data. Conversion factor 0.5268 kg wheat/kg bran is derived from the GFLI default wheat-bran economic allocation fraction 6.3% divided by bran mass fraction 11.96%. Milling electricity correction uses UK Flour Millers 2023 sector average 87.5 kWh/t grain milled, allocated to bran on the same economic basis: 0.0461 kWh/kg bran × 0.328 kg CO2/kWh = 0.0151 kg CO2-fossil. Total GWP = 0.5267 × 0.5268 + 0.0151 = 0.2926 kg CO2eq/kg bran. BAFU anchor 457863 (Wheat grains conventional, Saxony-Anhalt, at farm) is preferred over 348021 because the current RER wheat dry-milling family already uses the DE conventional proxy; CH IP is a less representative agronomic and geographic match for RER conventional wheat. The market 'market for wheat bran, w/o transport' (85783f26a32e4b3ca0d0d65b67017c6c_copy1) inherits the corrected GWP through the technosphere chain." }, "repl_b96b62e1276e8103": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fa70f5043b474086b79a2e5784556476_copy6", "name": "pastry dough production (wheat flour anchor + vegetable fat + mixing energy)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_semolina_RER_copy2" }, "sediment": { "intent": "pastry dough production, vegetable fat, RER", "terms": [ { "id": "A007X", "name": "Pastry dough", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540187", "name": "01870 - fresh stuffed durum pasta (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_semolina_RER_copy2" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All data from open sources (BAFU OGD, open-access literature). No ecoinvent data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram pastry dough production (wheat flour anchor + vegetable fat + mixing energy) built from 3 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram pastry dough production (wheat flour anchor + vegetable fat + mixing energy)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Pastry dough production (RER, vegetable fat). Short pastry (pâte brisée type): ~54% wheat flour, ~26% vegetable fat (rapeseed), ~16% water, ~2% sugar, ~1% salt, ~1% egg. Semolina anchor × 0.54 covers flour upstream. Biosphere correction 0.7554 kg CO2eq/kg = vegetable fat upstream (BAFU 286928, 0.6826) + mixing electricity (BAFU 302061, 0.05 kWh/kg, 0.0158) + sugar + salt + egg + infrastructure. Total estimated GWP: 1.1557 kg CO2eq/kg. Literature: Belitz et al. Food Chemistry (Springer); Cibelli et al. (2021); Heller & Keoleian (2018).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.089, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.247, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains conventional, Saxony-Anhalt, at farm", "amount": 1.408, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Pastry dough production (RER, vegetable fat). Short pastry (pâte brisée type): ~54% wheat flour, ~26% vegetable fat (rapeseed), ~16% water, ~2% sugar, ~1% salt, ~1% egg. Semolina anchor × 0.54 covers flour upstream. Biosphere correction 0.7554 kg CO2eq/kg = vegetable fat upstream (BAFU 286928, 0.6826) + mixing electricity (BAFU 302061, 0.05 kWh/kg, 0.0158) + sugar + salt + egg + infrastructure. Total estimated GWP: 1.1557 kg CO2eq/kg. Literature: Belitz et al. Food Chemistry (Springer); Cibelli et al. (2021); Heller & Keoleian (2018)." }, "repl_548d08203e8b7784": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fa70f5043b474086b79a2e5784556476_copy7", "name": "market for pastry dough (wheat flour anchor + vegetable fat + mixing energy)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_semolina_RER_copy2" }, "sediment": { "intent": "market for pastry dough, w/o transport, RER", "terms": [ { "id": "A007X", "name": "Pastry dough", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540187", "name": "01870 - fresh stuffed durum pasta (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_semolina_RER_copy2" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All data from open sources. No ecoinvent data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for pastry dough (wheat flour anchor + vegetable fat + mixing energy) built from 3 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for pastry dough (wheat flour anchor + vegetable fat + mixing energy)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Market for pastry dough, w/o transport (RER). 1:1 pass-through of copy6 production. Same reconstruction. Total estimated GWP: 1.1557 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.089, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.247, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains conventional, Saxony-Anhalt, at farm", "amount": 1.408, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Market for pastry dough, w/o transport (RER). 1:1 pass-through of copy6 production. Same reconstruction. Total estimated GWP: 1.1557 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_93099594211b3b70": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fa70f5043b474086b79a2e5784556476_copy8", "name": "strudel dough production (wheat flour anchor + oil + mixing energy)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_semolina_RER_copy2" }, "sediment": { "intent": "strudel dough production, vegetable fat, RER", "terms": [ { "id": "A008K", "name": "Strudel dough", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540201", "name": "02010 - naturally leavened bread dough (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_semolina_RER_copy2" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All data from open sources (BAFU OGD, open-access literature). No ecoinvent data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram strudel dough production (wheat flour anchor + oil + mixing energy) built from 3 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram strudel dough production (wheat flour anchor + oil + mixing energy)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Strudel dough production (RER, vegetable fat). Fresh unleavened stretched dough: ~61% wheat flour, ~28% water, ~9% rapeseed oil, ~1% vinegar, ~0.5% salt. Semolina anchor × 0.61 covers flour upstream. Biosphere correction 0.2778 kg CO2eq/kg = rapeseed oil upstream (BAFU 286928, 0.2363) + mixing/kneading electricity (BAFU 302061, 0.06 kWh/kg, 0.019) + minor ingredients + infrastructure. Total estimated GWP: 0.73 kg CO2eq/kg. Literature: Belitz et al. Food Chemistry (Springer); Cibelli et al. (2021) Chem Eng Trans 87:397-402; Heller & Keoleian (2018) infrastructure overhead.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.089, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.247, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains conventional, Saxony-Anhalt, at farm", "amount": 1.408, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Strudel dough production (RER, vegetable fat). Fresh unleavened stretched dough: ~61% wheat flour, ~28% water, ~9% rapeseed oil, ~1% vinegar, ~0.5% salt. Semolina anchor × 0.61 covers flour upstream. Biosphere correction 0.2778 kg CO2eq/kg = rapeseed oil upstream (BAFU 286928, 0.2363) + mixing/kneading electricity (BAFU 302061, 0.06 kWh/kg, 0.019) + minor ingredients + infrastructure. Total estimated GWP: 0.73 kg CO2eq/kg. Literature: Belitz et al. Food Chemistry (Springer); Cibelli et al. (2021) Chem Eng Trans 87:397-402; Heller & Keoleian (2018) infrastructure overhead." }, "repl_bd0a42cb30751441": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fa70f5043b474086b79a2e5784556476_copy9", "name": "market for strudel dough (wheat flour anchor + oil + mixing energy)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_semolina_RER_copy2" }, "sediment": { "intent": "market for strudel dough, w/o transport, RER", "terms": [ { "id": "A008K", "name": "Strudel dough", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540201", "name": "02010 - naturally leavened bread dough (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ] }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_semolina_RER_copy2" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All data from open sources. No ecoinvent data used.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram market for strudel dough (wheat flour anchor + oil + mixing energy) built from 3 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram market for strudel dough (wheat flour anchor + oil + mixing energy)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Market for strudel dough, w/o transport (RER). 1:1 pass-through of copy8 production. Same reconstruction. Total estimated GWP: 0.73 kg CO2eq/kg.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.089, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.247, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains conventional, Saxony-Anhalt, at farm", "amount": 1.408, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Market for strudel dough, w/o transport (RER). 1:1 pass-through of copy8 production. Same reconstruction. Total estimated GWP: 0.73 kg CO2eq/kg." }, "repl_27756f8020eb0ebb": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/fc7632f2cc064328a0ea1abbbf2aae92", "name": "walnut paste production, cold-press ball-mill grinding", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_walnut_paste_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Market for walnut paste without downstream transport, Europe", "terms": [ { "id": "A014R", "name": "Walnut", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "gadm" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541166", "name": "11660 - walnuts (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2024" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_walnut_paste_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Anchor activity and all inventory values are open-source only; no proprietary ecoinvent exchange data was copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram walnut paste production, cold-press ball-mill grinding built from 1 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram walnut paste production, cold-press ball-mill grinding", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Market for walnut paste, w/o transport (RER): same composite anchor as the walnut paste production activity. The missing burden is the cold-press grinding chain itself; this market adds no separate transport and should therefore collapse to the same open food_processing_lci activity. substitute_edb_self prevents the stale water_scarcity_aware stub foreground (which produced GWP 0.616 on the development side) from retaining the underestimated development-side chain.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER) [ball-mill grinding + mechanical shelling]", "amount": 0.153, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "walnut production, modelled [in-shell, 0.40 USDA ERS kernel ratio applied]", "amount": 2.5, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.5 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.5 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, hall", "amount": 3.2e-05, "unit": "square meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Market for walnut paste, w/o transport (RER): same composite anchor as the walnut paste production activity. The missing burden is the cold-press grinding chain itself; this market adds no separate transport and should therefore collapse to the same open food_processing_lci activity. substitute_edb_self prevents the stale water_scarcity_aware stub foreground (which produced GWP 0.616 on the development side) from retaining the underestimated development-side chain." }, "repl_c2d9b8fbbbe585b5": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003113854", "name": "beef slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_beef_slaughter_chilling_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "beef slaughtering and chilling, French production mix, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A02JU", "name": "Cattle meat (beef and veal)" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1645", "name": "beef cattle" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003113854" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_beef_slaughter_chilling_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "wrong_species_lamb_fallback_guard", "co_product_allocation_gap_for_hide_not_modelled" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "livestock_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram beef slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked built from 2 energy / processing, 3 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram beef slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Agribalyse v4 beef slaughter/chilling override for generic chilled beef slaughter output. Uses the same open Big Climate Database v1.2 beef meat/edible-output physical inventory as AGRIBALU000000003113845.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.30612, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 4.08163, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.004082, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.222222, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "cattle for slaughtering, dairy-bred fattening, live weight (livestock_lci)", "amount": 2.04082, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.04082 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.04082 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 beef slaughter/chilling override for generic chilled beef slaughter output. Uses the same open Big Climate Database v1.2 beef meat/edible-output physical inventory as AGRIBALU000000003113845." }, "repl_b611a76192b46f04": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003113855", "name": "beef slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_beef_slaughter_chilling_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "beef slaughtering and chilling, French production mix, RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A02JU", "name": "Cattle meat (beef and veal)" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1645", "name": "beef cattle" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003113855" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_beef_slaughter_chilling_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "wrong_species_lamb_fallback_guard", "co_product_allocation_gap_for_hide_not_modelled" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "livestock_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram beef slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked built from 2 energy / processing, 3 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram beef slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Agribalyse v4 beef slaughter/chilling override for generic chilled beef slaughter output. Uses the same open Big Climate Database v1.2 beef meat/edible-output physical inventory as AGRIBALU000000003113845.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.30612, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 4.08163, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.004082, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.222222, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "cattle for slaughtering, dairy-bred fattening, live weight (livestock_lci)", "amount": 2.04082, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.04082 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.04082 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 beef slaughter/chilling override for generic chilled beef slaughter output. Uses the same open Big Climate Database v1.2 beef meat/edible-output physical inventory as AGRIBALU000000003113845." }, "repl_c38e5e8c0a1cfd38": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU000000003113662", "name": "wine must cold settling, cooperative cellar, FR", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_wine_must_cold_settling_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Wine must cold settling / clarification, cooperative cellar, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_10090", "name": "wine" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003113662", "name": "Settling, from must, for rose wine in a cooperative cellar, with cold" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "manual_entries:food_processing_wine_must_cold_settling_root_substitution", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_wine_must_cold_settling_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "enzyme_tracked_no_bafu_activity", "cod_from_lees_concentration_range", "process_water_not_available", "wastewater_volume_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "inert_gas_not_available", "nutrient_not_modelled_for_clarification" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All inventory amounts are from open literature, first-principles unit conversion, and BAFU OGD activities. No restricted ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level amounts were copied.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 cubic meter wine must cold settling, cooperative cellar, FR built from 1 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 cubic meter wine must cold settling, cooperative cellar, FR", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Direct AGRIBALYSE-keyed root substitution to the lci-food-processing Pattern A composite for cold wine-must settling / clarification. The composite is process-based: Iannone et al. 2014 provides the six clarification row line-items per 0.75 L bottle; ordinary and cooling electricity are converted to 149.76037037 kWh/m3 (0.14976037037 kWh/L) and routed through BAFU 269314 French medium-voltage electricity; enzyme is tracked but skipped because no BAFU enzyme activity exists; COD is calculated from the open clarification lees mass and the Conradie et al. 2014 / Fillaudeau et al. 2008 lees COD concentration range. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. BAFU/UVEK attribution: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025. No proprietary ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level inventory data are used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 149.76037, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.052533, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Direct AGRIBALYSE-keyed root substitution to the lci-food-processing Pattern A composite for cold wine-must settling / clarification. The composite is process-based: Iannone et al. 2014 provides the six clarification row line-items per 0.75 L bottle; ordinary and cooling electricity are converted to 149.76037037 kWh/m3 (0.14976037037 kWh/L) and routed through BAFU 269314 French medium-voltage electricity; enzyme is tracked but skipped because no BAFU enzyme activity exists; COD is calculated from the open clarification lees mass and the Conradie et al. 2014 / Fillaudeau et al. 2008 lees COD concentration range. Energy-derived CO2 flows through BAFU technosphere exchanges. BAFU/UVEK attribution: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025. No proprietary ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level inventory data are used." }, "repl_abedd4f78ba94077": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003111677", "name": "pork liver pate, superior quality, ambient steel packed, process-based open composite", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_pork_liver_pate_superior_quality_steel_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Pork liver pate, ambient steel packed, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A04RK", "name": "Liver pate" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003111677", "name": "Pork liver pate" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541422", "name": "14220 - fruit used as fruit (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_pork_liver_pate_superior_quality_steel_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "pork_liver_backfat_specific_upstreams_not_available", "globin_not_available", "process_wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "retail_distribution_consumer_out_of_scope" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: Lazarkova et al. 2023 formulation, Petova et al. 2024 sterilisation cross-check, San Miguel & Ruiz 2021 support utilities, livestock_lci pork meat, spices_additives_lci generic spices, and BAFU OGD activities. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level inventory data copied or fitted.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "livestock_lci", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram pork liver pate, superior quality, ambient steel packed, process-based open composite built from 4 other input, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram pork liver pate, superior quality, ambient steel packed, process-based open composite", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Pork liver pate Agribalyse v4 root override. Seven-row literature formulation: 25% pork meat, 30% pork backfat, 22% pork liver, 20% broth, 1.5% nitrite salt, 1% spices, 0.5% globin. The three pork tissue rows are mapped to the existing generic livestock_lci slaughterhouse-gate pork meat activity because no dedicated open pork liver/offal or backfat co-product activities exist. Broth is tap water, salt is BAFU sodium chloride powder, spices use the generic spices_additives_lci composite, and globin is flagged not_available. Processing and steel packaging use the existing canned-meat terrine support activity. No amount was back-solved from the reference GWP.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.2, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "pork meat/backfat/liver tissue proxy, slaughterhouse-gate", "amount": 0.77, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.77 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.77 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sodium chloride powder, nitrite salt proxy", "amount": 0.015, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "generic dried spices for liver pate", "amount": 0.01, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "spices_additives_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "canned meat terrine processing, cooking, filling and sterilisation", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Pork liver pate Agribalyse v4 root override. Seven-row literature formulation: 25% pork meat, 30% pork backfat, 22% pork liver, 20% broth, 1.5% nitrite salt, 1% spices, 0.5% globin. The three pork tissue rows are mapped to the existing generic livestock_lci slaughterhouse-gate pork meat activity because no dedicated open pork liver/offal or backfat co-product activities exist. Broth is tap water, salt is BAFU sodium chloride powder, spices use the generic spices_additives_lci composite, and globin is flagged not_available. Processing and steel packaging use the existing canned-meat terrine support activity. No amount was back-solved from the reference GWP." }, "repl_841faf9b5cde2c8e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003111678", "name": "pork liver pate, superior quality, ambient steel packed, process-based open composite", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_pork_liver_pate_superior_quality_steel_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Pork liver pate, ambient steel packed, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A04RK", "name": "Liver pate" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003111678", "name": "Pork liver pate" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541422", "name": "14220 - fruit used as fruit (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_pork_liver_pate_superior_quality_steel_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "pork_liver_backfat_specific_upstreams_not_available", "globin_not_available", "process_wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "retail_distribution_consumer_out_of_scope" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "livestock_lci", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram pork liver pate, superior quality, ambient steel packed, process-based open composite built from 4 other input, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram pork liver pate, superior quality, ambient steel packed, process-based open composite", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Related pork liver pate Agribalyse v4 root override using the same open composite as AGRIBALU000000003111677.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.2, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "pork meat/backfat/liver tissue proxy, slaughterhouse-gate", "amount": 0.77, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.77 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.77 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sodium chloride powder, nitrite salt proxy", "amount": 0.015, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "generic dried spices for liver pate", "amount": 0.01, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "spices_additives_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "canned meat terrine processing, cooking, filling and sterilisation", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Related pork liver pate Agribalyse v4 root override using the same open composite as AGRIBALU000000003111677." }, "repl_7d82896055b3dc98": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003111679", "name": "pork liver pate, superior quality, ambient steel packed, process-based open composite", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_pork_liver_pate_superior_quality_steel_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Pork liver pate, ambient steel packed, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A04RK", "name": "Liver pate" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003111679", "name": "Pork liver pate" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541422", "name": "14220 - fruit used as fruit (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_pork_liver_pate_superior_quality_steel_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "pork_liver_backfat_specific_upstreams_not_available", "globin_not_available", "process_wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "retail_distribution_consumer_out_of_scope" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "livestock_lci", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram pork liver pate, superior quality, ambient steel packed, process-based open composite built from 4 other input, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram pork liver pate, superior quality, ambient steel packed, process-based open composite", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Related pork liver pate Agribalyse v4 root override using the same open composite as AGRIBALU000000003111677.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.2, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "pork meat/backfat/liver tissue proxy, slaughterhouse-gate", "amount": 0.77, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.77 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.77 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sodium chloride powder, nitrite salt proxy", "amount": 0.015, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "generic dried spices for liver pate", "amount": 0.01, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "spices_additives_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "canned meat terrine processing, cooking, filling and sterilisation", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Related pork liver pate Agribalyse v4 root override using the same open composite as AGRIBALU000000003111677." }, "repl_3ffeabaff4397c01": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003111680", "name": "pork liver pate, superior quality, ambient steel packed, process-based open composite", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_pork_liver_pate_superior_quality_steel_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Pork liver pate, ambient steel packed, FR", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A04RK", "name": "Liver pate" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003111680", "name": "Pork liver pate" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541422", "name": "14220 - fruit used as fruit (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_pork_liver_pate_superior_quality_steel_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "pork_liver_backfat_specific_upstreams_not_available", "globin_not_available", "process_wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "retail_distribution_consumer_out_of_scope" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "livestock_lci", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram pork liver pate, superior quality, ambient steel packed, process-based open composite built from 4 other input, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram pork liver pate, superior quality, ambient steel packed, process-based open composite", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Related pork liver pate Agribalyse v4 root override using the same open composite as AGRIBALU000000003111677.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.2, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "pork meat/backfat/liver tissue proxy, slaughterhouse-gate", "amount": 0.77, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.77 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.77 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sodium chloride powder, nitrite salt proxy", "amount": 0.015, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; 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No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "livestock_lci", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.62, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram pork liver pate, superior quality, ambient steel packed, process-based open composite built from 4 other input, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram pork liver pate, superior quality, ambient steel packed, process-based open composite", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Primary superior-quality pork liver pate Agribalyse v4 root override using the same open composite as AGRIBALU000000003111677. 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This replaces the previous delta_walk_with_remap provenance with a process-based Pattern A composite." }, "repl_f7f0a7b74ba3357b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000009084602697", "name": "pork liver pate, superior quality, ambient steel packed, process-based open composite", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_pork_liver_pate_superior_quality_steel_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Pork liver mousse / superior-quality pork liver pate, processed at plant, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000009084602697", "name": "Pork liver mousse, superior quality, recipe, processed in FR, at plant" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A04RK", "name": "Liver pate" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541422", "name": "14220 - fruit used as fruit (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_pork_liver_pate_superior_quality_steel_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "cradle_to_gate_proxy_for_root_substitution", "not_calibrated_to_reference", "pork_liver_backfat_specific_upstreams_not_available", "globin_not_available", "process_wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "generic_pork_proxy_for_offal_and_fat_raises_sanity_band" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open formulation facts, existing open tributary activities, first-principles unit mapping, and BAFU/UVEK OGD inputs only. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level inventory copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "livestock_lci", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.66, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram pork liver pate, superior quality, ambient steel packed, process-based open composite built from 4 other input, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram pork liver pate, superior quality, ambient steel packed, process-based open composite", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Pork liver mousse / superior-quality pork liver pate Agribalyse v4 root override. Seven-row literature formulation: 25% pork meat, 30% pork backfat, 22% pork liver, 20% broth, 1.5% nitrite salt, 1% spices, 0.5% globin. The three pork tissue rows are mapped to the existing generic livestock_lci slaughterhouse-gate pork meat activity because no dedicated open pork liver/offal or backfat co-product activities exist. Broth is tap water, salt is BAFU sodium chloride powder, spices use the generic spices_additives_lci composite, and globin is flagged not_available. Processing uses the existing canned-meat terrine support activity. No amount was back-solved from the reference GWP.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.2, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "pork meat/backfat/liver tissue proxy, slaughterhouse-gate", "amount": 0.77, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.77 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.77 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sodium chloride powder, nitrite salt proxy", "amount": 0.015, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "generic dried spices for liver pate", "amount": 0.01, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "spices_additives_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "canned meat terrine processing, cooking, filling and sterilisation", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Pork liver mousse / superior-quality pork liver pate Agribalyse v4 root override. Seven-row literature formulation: 25% pork meat, 30% pork backfat, 22% pork liver, 20% broth, 1.5% nitrite salt, 1% spices, 0.5% globin. The three pork tissue rows are mapped to the existing generic livestock_lci slaughterhouse-gate pork meat activity because no dedicated open pork liver/offal or backfat co-product activities exist. Broth is tap water, salt is BAFU sodium chloride powder, spices use the generic spices_additives_lci composite, and globin is flagged not_available. Processing uses the existing canned-meat terrine support activity. No amount was back-solved from the reference GWP." }, "repl_7a0ac908b7e078bf": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000009084602698", "name": "country-style pork pate or terrine, recipe, processed in FR, at-plant open composite", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_country_style_pork_pate_terrine_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Country-style pork pate or terrine, processed at plant, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000009084602698", "name": "Pork liver pate, recipe, processed in FR, at plant" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A03MK", "name": "Pate" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543340", "name": "33400 - dark ale beer (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "manual_entries:food_processing_reconstruction:agribalyse_v4_root_override", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_country_style_pork_pate_terrine_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "cradle_to_gate_proxy_for_root_substitution", "not_calibrated_to_reference", "pork_liver_backfat_specific_upstreams_not_available", "brandy_not_available", "starch_amount_not_available", "process_wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "generic_pork_proxy_for_offal_and_fat_raises_sanity_band" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open formulation facts, existing open tributary activities, first-principles unit mapping, and BAFU/UVEK OGD inputs only. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level inventory copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci", "livestock_lci", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram country-style pork pate or terrine, recipe, processed in FR, at-plant open composite built from 5 other input, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram country-style pork pate or terrine, recipe, processed in FR, at-plant open composite", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Country-style pork pate / terrine Agribalyse v4 root override. Sixteen-row open formulation normalized to 1.24265 kg: pork shoulder, pork back fat, pig liver, brandy, six spice/aromatic rows, butter, shallots, egg, cream, salt, and green peppercorns. Brandy is flagged not_available instead of replaced by a fitted proxy. Processing uses the existing canned-meat terrine support activity. No amount was back-solved from the reference GWP.", "line_items": [ { "name": "pork shoulder/backfat/liver tissue proxy, slaughterhouse-gate", "amount": 0.804732, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.804732 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.804732 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "shallot and garlic aromatic proxy", "amount": 0.045065, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.045065 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.045065 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "egg binder proxy", "amount": 0.040237, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.040237 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.040237 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sodium chloride powder, recipe salt", "amount": 0.004024, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "generic dried spices for country-style pate", "amount": 0.013399, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "spices_additives_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "canned meat terrine processing, cooking, filling and sterilisation", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Country-style pork pate / terrine Agribalyse v4 root override. Sixteen-row open formulation normalized to 1.24265 kg: pork shoulder, pork back fat, pig liver, brandy, six spice/aromatic rows, butter, shallots, egg, cream, salt, and green peppercorns. Brandy is flagged not_available instead of replaced by a fitted proxy. Processing uses the existing canned-meat terrine support activity. No amount was back-solved from the reference GWP." }, "repl_67ab6288da6d18c8": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000009084602699", "name": "pork liver pate, superior quality, ambient steel packed, process-based open composite", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_pork_liver_pate_superior_quality_steel_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Superior-quality pork liver pate, processed at plant, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000009084602699", "name": "Pork liver pate, superior quality, recipe, processed in FR, at plant" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A04RK", "name": "Liver pate" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541422", "name": "14220 - fruit used as fruit (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "manual_entries:food_processing_reconstruction:agribalyse_v4_root_override", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_pork_liver_pate_superior_quality_steel_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "cradle_to_gate_proxy_for_root_substitution", "not_calibrated_to_reference", "pork_liver_backfat_specific_upstreams_not_available", "globin_not_available", "process_wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "generic_pork_proxy_for_offal_and_fat_raises_sanity_band" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open formulation facts, existing open tributary activities, first-principles unit mapping, and BAFU/UVEK OGD inputs only. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level inventory copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "livestock_lci", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram pork liver pate, superior quality, ambient steel packed, process-based open composite built from 4 other input, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram pork liver pate, superior quality, ambient steel packed, process-based open composite", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Superior-quality pork liver pate Agribalyse v4 root override. Seven-row literature formulation: 25% pork meat, 30% pork backfat, 22% pork liver, 20% broth, 1.5% nitrite salt, 1% spices, 0.5% globin. The three pork tissue rows are mapped to the existing generic livestock_lci slaughterhouse-gate pork meat activity because no dedicated open pork liver/offal or backfat co-product activities exist. Broth is tap water, salt is BAFU sodium chloride powder, spices use the generic spices_additives_lci composite, and globin is flagged not_available. Processing uses the existing canned-meat terrine support activity. No amount was back-solved from the reference GWP.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.2, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "pork meat/backfat/liver tissue proxy, slaughterhouse-gate", "amount": 0.77, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.77 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.77 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sodium chloride powder, nitrite salt proxy", "amount": 0.015, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "generic dried spices for liver pate", "amount": 0.01, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "spices_additives_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "canned meat terrine processing, cooking, filling and sterilisation", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Superior-quality pork liver pate Agribalyse v4 root override. Seven-row literature formulation: 25% pork meat, 30% pork backfat, 22% pork liver, 20% broth, 1.5% nitrite salt, 1% spices, 0.5% globin. The three pork tissue rows are mapped to the existing generic livestock_lci slaughterhouse-gate pork meat activity because no dedicated open pork liver/offal or backfat co-product activities exist. Broth is tap water, salt is BAFU sodium chloride powder, spices use the generic spices_additives_lci composite, and globin is flagged not_available. Processing uses the existing canned-meat terrine support activity. No amount was back-solved from the reference GWP." }, "repl_871f72527e7c9fb0": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003113858", "name": "veal slaughtering, chilling, quartering and short storage, French production mix", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_veal_slaughter_chilling_quartering_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Veal quarter, slaughtering, chilling and quartering, French production mix, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A021A", "name": "Veal meat" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_7107", "name": "slaughtering" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003113858", "name": "Slaughtering and chilling, of veal" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03542081", "name": "20810 - pig other slaughtering products (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_veal_slaughter_chilling_quartering_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "wrong_species_lamb_fallback_guard", "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "cooling_water_not_available", "consumables_not_available", "not_calibrated_to_reference" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "livestock_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram veal slaughtering, chilling, quartering and short storage, French production mix built from 2 energy / processing, 3 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram veal slaughtering, chilling, quartering and short storage, French production mix", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Agribalyse v4 veal slaughter/chilling override for chilled veal quarter. Replaces the wrong-species lamb fallback risk with a process-based veal slaughter/chilling/quartering composite: 1.666667 kg live veal calf from livestock_lci + 0.062 kWh electricity + 0.398096 MJ natural-gas heat + 3.5 kg process water + 0.0035 m3 wastewater per kg chilled veal quarter/carcass. Values come from open FAO/DCA/extension sources and arithmetic, not from proprietary ecoinvent flows or back-solving to the reference GWP.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.398096, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.0035, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "cattle for slaughtering, veal calf, live weight", "amount": 1.666667, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (1.666667 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (1.666667 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid, FR - slaughterhouse refrigeration and equipment", "amount": 0.062, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, FR - slaughterhouse cleaning and process water", "amount": 3.5, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 veal slaughter/chilling override for chilled veal quarter. Replaces the wrong-species lamb fallback risk with a process-based veal slaughter/chilling/quartering composite: 1.666667 kg live veal calf from livestock_lci + 0.062 kWh electricity + 0.398096 MJ natural-gas heat + 3.5 kg process water + 0.0035 m3 wastewater per kg chilled veal quarter/carcass. Values come from open FAO/DCA/extension sources and arithmetic, not from proprietary ecoinvent flows or back-solving to the reference GWP." }, "repl_9818ed1ccd2c32c4": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003113859", "name": "veal slaughtering, chilling, quartering and short storage, French production mix", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_veal_slaughter_chilling_quartering_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Veal slaughtering and chilling, French production mix, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A021A", "name": "Veal meat" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_7107", "name": "slaughtering" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003113859", "name": "Slaughtering and chilling, of veal" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03542081", "name": "20810 - pig other slaughtering products (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_veal_slaughter_chilling_quartering_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "wrong_species_lamb_fallback_guard", "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "cooling_water_not_available", "consumables_not_available", "not_calibrated_to_reference" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "livestock_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram veal slaughtering, chilling, quartering and short storage, French production mix built from 2 energy / processing, 3 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram veal slaughtering, chilling, quartering and short storage, French production mix", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Agribalyse v4 veal slaughter/chilling override for generic chilled veal slaughter output. Uses the same open FAO/DCA/extension physical inventory and livestock_lci veal-calf anchor as AGRIBALU000000003113858.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.398096, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.0035, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "cattle for slaughtering, veal calf, live weight", "amount": 1.666667, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (1.666667 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (1.666667 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid, FR - slaughterhouse refrigeration and equipment", "amount": 0.062, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, FR - slaughterhouse cleaning and process water", "amount": 3.5, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 veal slaughter/chilling override for generic chilled veal slaughter output. Uses the same open FAO/DCA/extension physical inventory and livestock_lci veal-calf anchor as AGRIBALU000000003113858." }, "repl_95b92db7b3130ba4": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003113856", "name": "lamb slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_lamb_slaughter_chilling_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Half lamb, chilled, lamb slaughtering and chilling, French production mix, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00KT", "name": "Lamb and mutton" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003113856", "name": "Slaughtering and chilling, of lamb, half lamb" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540362", "name": "03620 - lamb's lettuces (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_lamb_slaughter_chilling_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "co_product_allocation_gap_not_modelled", "cooling_water_not_available", "consumables_not_available", "not_calibrated_to_reference" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: Big Climate Database public methodology/recipe pages, AHDB factsheets, Virginia Cooperative Extension, livestock_lci open model outputs, and BAFU OGD background. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level data copied or reverse-engineered. BAFU attribution: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "livestock_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram lamb slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked built from 2 energy / processing, 3 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram lamb slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Agribalyse v4 lamb slaughter/chilling override for half lamb, chilled. Replaces the live-weight-only fallback with a process-based composite: 2.272727 kg live lamb from livestock_lci + 0.241667 kWh FR electricity + 0.54545 MJ natural-gas heat + 5.61364 kg process water + 0.00561364 m3 wastewater per kg chilled lamb output. Values come from open Big Climate Database physical inventory and public processing benchmarks, not from proprietary ecoinvent flows or back-solving.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.54545, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.005614, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "lamb for slaughtering, meat breed, live weight", "amount": 2.272727, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.272727 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.272727 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid, FR - slaughterhouse equipment and chilling", "amount": 0.241667, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, FR - lamb slaughterhouse process water", "amount": 5.61364, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 16.8, "protein_g": 2.0, "fat_g": 0.0, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 0.5, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 2.3, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 93.7 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 16.8, 16.8 ], "protein_g": [ 2.0, 2.0 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.5, 0.5 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 2.3, 2.3 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 93.7, 93.7 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00KT", "matched_term_name": "Lamb's lettuces", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "national", "resolved_country": "FR", "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 lamb slaughter/chilling override for half lamb, chilled. Replaces the live-weight-only fallback with a process-based composite: 2.272727 kg live lamb from livestock_lci + 0.241667 kWh FR electricity + 0.54545 MJ natural-gas heat + 5.61364 kg process water + 0.00561364 m3 wastewater per kg chilled lamb output. Values come from open Big Climate Database physical inventory and public processing benchmarks, not from proprietary ecoinvent flows or back-solving." }, "repl_dd2c5b6f15c14d52": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003113857", "name": "lamb slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_lamb_slaughter_chilling_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Lamb slaughtering and chilling, French production mix, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00KT", "name": "Lamb and mutton" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003113857", "name": "Slaughtering and chilling, of lamb" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540362", "name": "03620 - lamb's lettuces (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_lamb_slaughter_chilling_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "co_product_allocation_gap_not_modelled", "cooling_water_not_available", "consumables_not_available", "not_calibrated_to_reference" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "livestock_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram lamb slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked built from 2 energy / processing, 3 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram lamb slaughtering and chilling, industrial, French production mix, BAFU-linked", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Agribalyse v4 lamb slaughter/chilling override for generic chilled lamb slaughter output. Uses the same open Big Climate Database physical inventory and livestock_lci live-lamb anchor as AGRIBALU000000003113856.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.54545, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.005614, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "lamb for slaughtering, meat breed, live weight", "amount": 2.272727, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (2.272727 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (2.272727 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid, FR - slaughterhouse equipment and chilling", "amount": 0.241667, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, FR - lamb slaughterhouse process water", "amount": 5.61364, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 16.8, "protein_g": 2.0, "fat_g": 0.0, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 0.5, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 2.3, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.0, "water_g": 93.7 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 16.8, 16.8 ], "protein_g": [ 2.0, 2.0 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.5, 0.5 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 2.3, 2.3 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "water_g": [ 93.7, 93.7 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00KT", "matched_term_name": "Lamb's lettuces", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "national", "resolved_country": "FR", "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 lamb slaughter/chilling override for generic chilled lamb slaughter output. Uses the same open Big Climate Database physical inventory and livestock_lci live-lamb anchor as AGRIBALU000000003113856." }, "repl_6a9865d4a80aec90": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003100042", "name": "fish first processing, raw filleting, chilled (FR)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_fish_first_processing_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Fish filleting, raw fish first processing, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A02BS", "name": "Garfish" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003100042", "name": "[Dummy] Fish filleting, processing, at plant" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03542445", "name": "24450 - garfish (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_fish_first_processing_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "processing_only_no_upstream_catch", "co_product_allocation_gap_residue_treated_as_biowaste_proxy", "thermal_cleaning_heat_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "consumables_not_available", "cod_tracked_not_separately_characterized", "not_calibrated_to_reference" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open literature and BAFU/UVEK OGD inputs only. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level inventory copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram fish first processing, raw filleting, chilled (FR) built from 1 energy / processing, 3 other input, 1 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram fish first processing, raw filleting, chilled (FR)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Agribalyse v4 fish-filleting dummy override. Replaces the unrelated potato-starch/fruit-yoghurt proxy with a process-based, gate-to-gate fish first-processing composite: 0.52 kWh FR electricity, 12.588 kg process water, 0.012588 m3 wastewater, 1.35 kg fish-processing residue to biowaste treatment, and 0.1165 tkm residue transport per kg raw fillet. Values come from open fish-filleting literature and BAFU technosphere backgrounds, not from proprietary ecoinvent flows or back-solving.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.52, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.52 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.52 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.52 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.52 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 12.588235, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.012588, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation", "amount": 1.35, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 0.1165, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 125.0, "protein_g": 20.24, "fat_g": 4.93, "saturated_fat_g": 1.315, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.23900000000000002, "water_g": 73.1 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 125.0, 125.0 ], "protein_g": [ 20.24, 20.24 ], "fat_g": [ 4.93, 4.93 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 1.315, 1.315 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.23900000000000002, 0.23900000000000002 ], "water_g": [ 73.1, 73.1 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Garfish", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 1.0, "embedding_distance": 0.0, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Garfish' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 fish-filleting dummy override. Replaces the unrelated potato-starch/fruit-yoghurt proxy with a process-based, gate-to-gate fish first-processing composite: 0.52 kWh FR electricity, 12.588 kg process water, 0.012588 m3 wastewater, 1.35 kg fish-processing residue to biowaste treatment, and 0.1165 tkm residue transport per kg raw fillet. Values come from open fish-filleting literature and BAFU technosphere backgrounds, not from proprietary ecoinvent flows or back-solving." }, "repl_7c186d63ea056d66": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003109923", "name": "mixed vegetables for ratatouille, washing, cutting, blanching, IQF freezing (FR)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_mixed_vegetables_ratatouille_freezing_FR_at_plant" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Mixed vegetables for ratatouille, frozen, at plant, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A16GB", "name": "Mixed vegetables" }, { "ns": "off", "id": "frozen-mixed-vegetables-for-ratatouille", "name": "Frozen mixed vegetables for ratatouille" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003109923", "name": "Mixed vegetables for ratatouille, frozen, recipe, at plant" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543910", "name": "39100 - mixed vegetables (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_mixed_vegetables_ratatouille_freezing_FR_at_plant" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "composition_minimum_rows_normalized", "thermal_energy_proxy_from_frozen_green_bean", "bulk_packaging_proxy_from_frozen_green_bean", "cooling_water_not_available", "not_calibrated_to_reference" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open literature, a public French frozen-ratatouille code of practice, existing open tributary crop composites, and BAFU/UVEK OGD inputs only. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level inventory copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram mixed vegetables for ratatouille, washing, cutting, blanching, IQF freezing (FR) built from 2 energy / processing, 10 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram mixed vegetables for ratatouille, washing, cutting, blanching, IQF freezing (FR)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Agribalyse v4 frozen mixed vegetables for ratatouille at-plant override. Pattern A composite: CTCPA-weighted tomato, aubergine, zucchini, onion, and red/green pepper crop inputs; 0.194 kWh FR electricity for washing/cutting/deep freezing; 1.5696 MJ natural-gas heat for blanching; 12.98 kg process water; 0.013 m3 wastewater; 0.28 kg biowaste treatment; 0.00166 kg LDPE bulk handling; and 0.000021 kg ammonia refrigerant make-up. Values come from open public/literature sources and BAFU technosphere backgrounds, not from proprietary ecoinvent flows or back-solving.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.194, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.194 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.194 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.194 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.194 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.5696, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 1.5696 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 1.5696 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 1.5696 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 1.5696 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 12.98, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.013, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "tomato production, processing grade, open field, modelled", "amount": 0.4575, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.4575 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.4575 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "aubergine production, open field, modelled", "amount": 0.244, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.244 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.244 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "zucchini production, modelled", "amount": 0.244, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.244 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.244 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "onion production, modelled", "amount": 0.122, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.122 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.122 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "bell pepper production, open field, modelled", "amount": 0.1525, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.1525 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.1525 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation", "amount": 0.28, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Polyethylene, LDPE, granulate, at plant", "amount": 0.00166, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Ammonia, liquid, at regional storehouse", "amount": 2.1e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 10, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 frozen mixed vegetables for ratatouille at-plant override. Pattern A composite: CTCPA-weighted tomato, aubergine, zucchini, onion, and red/green pepper crop inputs; 0.194 kWh FR electricity for washing/cutting/deep freezing; 1.5696 MJ natural-gas heat for blanching; 12.98 kg process water; 0.013 m3 wastewater; 0.28 kg biowaste treatment; 0.00166 kg LDPE bulk handling; and 0.000021 kg ammonia refrigerant make-up. Values come from open public/literature sources and BAFU technosphere backgrounds, not from proprietary ecoinvent flows or back-solving." }, "repl_dcf88b010f2a7e4b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003106137", "name": "green bean canning, blanching and retort sterilisation (FR)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_green_bean_canning_FR_at_processing" }, "sediment": { "intent": "French bean, canned, at processing, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A0ESL", "name": "French beans" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003106137", "name": "French bean, canned" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540954", "name": "09540 - french beans canned (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_green_bean_canning_FR_at_processing" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "not_calibrated_to_reference", "solid_residue_not_available", "steel_can_packaging_excluded_downstream", "consumer_cooking_excluded_downstream" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open literature, public product-label data, and BAFU/UVEK OGD inputs only. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level inventory copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram green bean canning, blanching and retort sterilisation (FR) built from 2 energy / processing, 4 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram green bean canning, blanching and retort sterilisation (FR)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Agribalyse v4 canned French bean at-processing root override. Pattern A composite: 0.55 kg BAFU 610107 green beans, 2.55 MJ BAFU 252893 natural-gas process heat, 0.0055 kWh BAFU 269314 FR electricity, 6.65 kg BAFU 227940 water, 0.0062 m3 BAFU 510767 wastewater treatment, and 0.0059737 kg BAFU 139127 sodium chloride. Steel can packaging and consumer cooking are excluded because they belong to downstream rows/boundaries. Values come from open public/literature sources and BAFU technosphere backgrounds, not from proprietary ecoinvent flows or back-solving.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.55, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.0055, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.0055 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.0055 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.0055 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.0055 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 6.65, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.0062, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Green beans IP, at farm", "amount": 0.55, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium chloride, powder, at plant", "amount": 0.005974, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 canned French bean at-processing root override. Pattern A composite: 0.55 kg BAFU 610107 green beans, 2.55 MJ BAFU 252893 natural-gas process heat, 0.0055 kWh BAFU 269314 FR electricity, 6.65 kg BAFU 227940 water, 0.0062 m3 BAFU 510767 wastewater treatment, and 0.0059737 kg BAFU 139127 sodium chloride. Steel can packaging and consumer cooking are excluded because they belong to downstream rows/boundaries. Values come from open public/literature sources and BAFU technosphere backgrounds, not from proprietary ecoinvent flows or back-solving." }, "repl_076f3216a47f0376": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003109933", "name": "printaniere mixed vegetables, washing, cutting, blanching, IQF freezing (FR)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_mixed_vegetables_printaniere_freezing_FR_at_plant" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Frozen printaniere mixed vegetables, processor gate, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A16GB", "name": "Mixed vegetables, frozen" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543910", "name": "39100 - mixed vegetables (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_mixed_vegetables_printaniere_freezing_FR_at_plant" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open literature, a public French frozen-printaniere code of practice, existing open tributary crop composites, and BAFU/UVEK OGD inputs only. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level inventory copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram printaniere mixed vegetables, washing, cutting, blanching, IQF freezing (FR) built from 2 energy / processing, 10 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram printaniere mixed vegetables, washing, cutting, blanching, IQF freezing (FR)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Agribalyse v4 generic frozen mixed vegetables at-plant override. Pattern A composite: CTCPA S12-weighted green beans, carrots, potatoes, garden peas, and onions; 0.194 kWh FR electricity for washing/cutting/deep freezing; 1.5696 MJ natural-gas heat for blanching; 12.98 kg process water; 0.013 m3 wastewater; 0.28 kg biowaste treatment; 0.00166 kg LDPE bulk handling; and 0.000021 kg ammonia refrigerant make-up. Values come from open public/literature sources and BAFU technosphere inputs only; no restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent exchange amounts were copied.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.194, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.194 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.194 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.194 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.194 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.5696, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 1.5696 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 1.5696 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 1.5696 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 1.5696 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 12.98, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.013, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Green beans IP, at farm", "amount": 0.244, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "carrot production, modelled", "amount": 0.244, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.244 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.244 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Potatoes IP, at farm", "amount": 0.305, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "xx Protein peas conventional, Barrois, at farm", "amount": 0.305, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "onion production, modelled", "amount": 0.122, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.122 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.122 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation", "amount": 0.28, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Polyethylene, LDPE, granulate, at plant", "amount": 0.00166, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Ammonia, liquid, at regional storehouse", "amount": 2.1e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 10, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 generic frozen mixed vegetables at-plant override. Pattern A composite: CTCPA S12-weighted green beans, carrots, potatoes, garden peas, and onions; 0.194 kWh FR electricity for washing/cutting/deep freezing; 1.5696 MJ natural-gas heat for blanching; 12.98 kg process water; 0.013 m3 wastewater; 0.28 kg biowaste treatment; 0.00166 kg LDPE bulk handling; and 0.000021 kg ammonia refrigerant make-up. Values come from open public/literature sources and BAFU technosphere inputs only; no restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent exchange amounts were copied." }, "repl_daf5fc0a2a5b3e6e": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000009084602574", "name": "canned mackerel fillets in white wine and aromatics, processor-gate open composite (FR)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_canned_mackerel_white_wine_aromatics_FR_at_plant" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Canned Atlantic mackerel fillets in white wine and aromatics, at plant, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A051K", "name": "Mackerel, Atlantic" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_7036", "name": "Scomber scombrus" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000009084602574", "name": "Mackerel fillet, white wine and aromatics, canned, recipe, processed in FR, at plant" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03411790", "name": "atlantic mackerel", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_canned_mackerel_white_wine_aromatics_FR_at_plant" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "cradle_to_gate_proxy_for_root_substitution", "not_calibrated_to_reference", "packaging_material_excluded_downstream", "white_wine_not_available", "vinegar_not_available", "aromatics_not_available", "naoh_cleaning_chemical_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open public product-label data, COWI/UNEP open guidance, sibling open tributary composites, and BAFU/UVEK OGD inputs only. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level inventory copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "aquaculture_lci", "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram canned mackerel fillets in white wine and aromatics, processor-gate open composite (FR) built from 2 energy / processing, 3 other input, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram canned mackerel fillets in white wine and aromatics, processor-gate open composite (FR)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Exact Agribalyse-v4 bridge for the canned mackerel at-plant recipe. The previous federated route selected unrelated generic recipe activities on tokens such as canned/plant/recipe. This entry points to a process-based Pattern A composite: 0.67 kg mackerel fillet per kg product from the public la belle-iloise label, converted through the existing 42.5% oily-fish fillet yield to 1.576470588 kg whole landed Atlantic mackerel from aquaculture_lci, plus 0.67 kg fish first-processing/filleting service, COWI/UNEP canning utilities, and 0.005 kg sodium chloride. White wine, spirit vinegar, wine vinegar, lemon, onion, carrot, cornichon, caper, spices, and NaOH cleaning chemical are documented as not_available because no verified BAFU-compatible commodity links were found; they are not hidden in a generic proxy. Packaging material production, distribution, retail, and consumer use are excluded for this at-plant root.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.013904, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.013903529 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.013904 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.013903529 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.013904 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.986908, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.986908235 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.986908 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.986908235 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.986908 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 5.04, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.005308, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "fish first-processing and filleting service", "amount": 0.67, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.67 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.67 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sodium chloride powder, recipe salt", "amount": 0.005, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 205.0, "protein_g": 18.6, "fat_g": 13.895, "saturated_fat_g": 3.2584999999999997, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.22860000000000003, "water_g": 63.575 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 156.0, 417.0 ], "protein_g": [ 14.4, 18.62 ], "fat_g": [ 9.08, 39.4 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 2.607, 9.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.2 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.14224, 0.305 ], "water_g": [ 45.2, 70.37 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Atlantic and Mediterranean horse mackerel", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 1.0, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 4, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.806, "embedding_distance": 0.194, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Atlantic mackerel (as animal)' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Exact Agribalyse-v4 bridge for the canned mackerel at-plant recipe. The previous federated route selected unrelated generic recipe activities on tokens such as canned/plant/recipe. This entry points to a process-based Pattern A composite: 0.67 kg mackerel fillet per kg product from the public la belle-iloise label, converted through the existing 42.5% oily-fish fillet yield to 1.576470588 kg whole landed Atlantic mackerel from aquaculture_lci, plus 0.67 kg fish first-processing/filleting service, COWI/UNEP canning utilities, and 0.005 kg sodium chloride. White wine, spirit vinegar, wine vinegar, lemon, onion, carrot, cornichon, caper, spices, and NaOH cleaning chemical are documented as not_available because no verified BAFU-compatible commodity links were found; they are not hidden in a generic proxy. Packaging material production, distribution, retail, and consumer use are excluded for this at-plant root." }, "repl_08fb9e7e61e21b90": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003116984", "name": "wheat bran and gluten feed co-product, wheat starch extraction, economic allocation (FR)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_bran_gluten_feed_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Wheat bran and wheat gluten feed, from wheat starch extraction, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A004P", "name": "Common wheat grain" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003116984", "name": "Wheat bran and wheat gluten feed from wheat starch extraction" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540111", "name": "01110 - wheat bran (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_wheat_starch_bran_gluten_feed_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "wastewater_not_available_s4_only", "not_calibrated_to_reference", "transport_excluded_scope" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only. No ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level exchange amounts were copied. BAFU OGD: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram wheat bran and gluten feed co-product, wheat starch extraction, economic allocation (FR) built from 3 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram wheat bran and gluten feed co-product, wheat starch extraction, economic allocation (FR)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Replaces the federated raw-wheat BAFU anchor at conversion_factor=1.0 with a Pattern A food_processing_lci composite. Inputs are source-derived: Salim 2019 Table 2 S4 milling inputs are scaled by the combined economic allocation share for bran plus gluten feed from Table 4 (5% + 3%) and divided by the combined target output mass (0.26 + 0.11 kg per kg glucose). No direct fossil CO2 residual or calibrated scalar is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.055856, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.055856 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.055856 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.055856 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.055856 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.471351, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 0.471351 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.471351 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 0.471351 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.471351 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 0.67027, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Wheat grains conventional, Saxony-Anhalt, at farm, economic allocation share", "amount": 0.326486, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Replaces the federated raw-wheat BAFU anchor at conversion_factor=1.0 with a Pattern A food_processing_lci composite. Inputs are source-derived: Salim 2019 Table 2 S4 milling inputs are scaled by the combined economic allocation share for bran plus gluten feed from Table 4 (5% + 3%) and divided by the combined target output mass (0.26 + 0.11 kg per kg glucose). No direct fossil CO2 residual or calibrated scalar is used." }, "repl_36b58839f48e0258": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000009084602567", "name": "duck terrine, canned, recipe, processed in FR, at-plant open composite", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_duck_terrine_canned_recipe_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Duck terrine, canned, recipe, processed at plant, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000009084602567", "name": "Duck terrine, canned, recipe, processed in FR, at plant" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_duck_terrine_canned_recipe_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "duck_specific_upstream_not_available", "poultry_liver_specific_upstream_not_available", "egg_white_specific_amount_not_available", "starch_amount_not_available", "process_wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "retail_distribution_consumer_out_of_scope" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: Le Chaudron Magique 2007 row-counted duck terrine recipe, Carrefour and Valette public product labels for commercial ingredient-family validation, San Miguel & Ruiz 2021 support utilities, livestock_lci pork/poultry/egg, fruit_crops_lci onion, spices_additives_lci generic spices, and BAFU OGD activities. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level inventory data copied or fitted.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci", "livestock_lci", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.58, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram duck terrine, canned, recipe, processed in FR, at-plant open composite built from 7 other input, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram duck terrine, canned, recipe, processed in FR, at-plant open composite", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Duck terrine Agribalyse v4 root override. Seven-row open formulation: 27.9851% duck meat, 34.9813% pork shoulder/collar, 27.9851% poultry liver, 4.6642% egg, 2.3321% shallot/onion, 1.8657% salt, and 0.1866% pepper after normalising 2144 g total. Duck meat and poultry liver are mapped to the existing conventional poultry activity because no duck-specific or source-independent poultry-offal composite is available; pork uses the existing generic pork activity; onion, egg, salt, and spices use existing open tributary/BAFU activities. Processing and steel packaging use the existing canned-meat terrine support activity. No amount was back-solved from the reference GWP.", "line_items": [ { "name": "duck meat proxy, poultry slaughterhouse-gate (no duck-specific activity available)", "amount": 0.279851, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.279851 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.279851 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "pork shoulder/collar meat, slaughterhouse-gate", "amount": 0.349813, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.349813 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.349813 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "poultry liver/offal proxy, broiler slaughterhouse-gate", "amount": 0.279851, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.279851 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.279851 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "egg binder, free-range egg proxy", "amount": 0.046642, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.046642 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.046642 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "shallot/onion aromatic proxy", "amount": 0.023321, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.023321 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.023321 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sodium chloride powder, recipe salt", "amount": 0.018657, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "black pepper proxy, generic dried spices", "amount": 0.001866, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "spices_additives_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "canned meat terrine processing, cooking, filling and sterilisation", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 7, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Duck terrine Agribalyse v4 root override. Seven-row open formulation: 27.9851% duck meat, 34.9813% pork shoulder/collar, 27.9851% poultry liver, 4.6642% egg, 2.3321% shallot/onion, 1.8657% salt, and 0.1866% pepper after normalising 2144 g total. Duck meat and poultry liver are mapped to the existing conventional poultry activity because no duck-specific or source-independent poultry-offal composite is available; pork uses the existing generic pork activity; onion, egg, salt, and spices use existing open tributary/BAFU activities. Processing and steel packaging use the existing canned-meat terrine support activity. No amount was back-solved from the reference GWP." }, "repl_45f65a5794e65b45": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000009084602628", "name": "canned meat terrine processing, cooking, filling and sterilisation", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_canned_meat_terrine_processing_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Canned duck terrine processing service, large-scale, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000009084602628", "name": "Duck processing, large-scale, 1kg of canned duck terrine" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_canned_meat_terrine_processing_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "processing_service_excludes_recipe_ingredients", "process_water_not_available", "process_wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "refrigerant_not_available", "retail_distribution_consumer_out_of_scope" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. All inventory amounts are from open literature, first-principles unit conversion, and BAFU OGD activities. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level inventory data were copied or fitted.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.66, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram canned meat terrine processing, cooking, filling and sterilisation built from 2 energy / processing, 2 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram canned meat terrine processing, cooking, filling and sterilisation", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Canned duck terrine processing-service override. Uses the existing process-based canned-meat terrine support activity: 0.114583 kWh electricity/kg, 2.125625 MJ natural-gas heat/kg, 0.076565 kg tinplate steel/kg, and 0.076565 kg deep-drawing service/kg, all derived from San Miguel and Ruiz 2021 open canned-meal factory data and a reported 32.54 g can for 425 g product. This record is deliberately not routed to food_processing_duck_terrine_canned_recipe_FR because that sibling composite includes duck/pork/egg/onion recipe inputs and would double-count upstream ingredients for a processing-service root. No amount was back-solved from the reference GWP.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.114583, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.114583 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.114583 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.114583 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.114583 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.125625, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 2.125625 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.125625 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 2.125625 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.125625 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Steel, low-alloyed, at plant - tinplate can proxy", "amount": 0.076565, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Deep drawing, steel - can forming service proxy", "amount": 0.076565, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Canned duck terrine processing-service override. Uses the existing process-based canned-meat terrine support activity: 0.114583 kWh electricity/kg, 2.125625 MJ natural-gas heat/kg, 0.076565 kg tinplate steel/kg, and 0.076565 kg deep-drawing service/kg, all derived from San Miguel and Ruiz 2021 open canned-meal factory data and a reported 32.54 g can for 425 g product. This record is deliberately not routed to food_processing_duck_terrine_canned_recipe_FR because that sibling composite includes duck/pork/egg/onion recipe inputs and would double-count upstream ingredients for a processing-service root. No amount was back-solved from the reference GWP." }, "repl_22f15a513efe80dc": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003105935", "name": "fish canning service, small fish, aluminium can, processor gate (FR)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_fish_canning_small_fish_service_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Fish canning service, small fish, aluminium can, processor gate, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003105935", "name": "Fish canning, small fish {RoW}" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_2945", "name": "fish processing" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_fish_canning_small_fish_service_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "processing_service_excludes_raw_fish_supply", "not_calibrated_to_reference", "total_energy_assigned_to_process_heat", "naoh_cleaning_chemical_mass_not_available", "brine_or_oil_fill_not_available", "can_forming_not_available", "fish_residue_treatment_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open UNEP/COWI process data, EPA process description, open seafood LCA review packaging-weight data, and BAFU/UVEK OGD activities only. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level inventory was copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.72, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram fish canning service, small fish, aluminium can, processor gate (FR) built from 1 energy / processing, 3 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram fish canning service, small fish, aluminium can, processor gate (FR)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Fish canning, small fish (Agribalyse v4 root): Pattern A processing-service composite replacing the unsafe duck-terrine direct-root substitution. COWI/UNEP Figure 2-8 has 13 row-counted input/output lines for average fish-canning technology: 1000 kg raw fish to 420-430 kg canned product, 15 m3 water and wastewater, 150-190 kWh energy, NaOH concentration without mass, boiler emissions, raw-effluent loads, and solid fish residues. The service excludes raw fish supply and routes energy through BAFU natural-gas heat, water through BAFU tap water, wastewater through BAFU sewage treatment, and small-fish aluminium can material through BAFU wrought aluminium at 0.27 kg/kg from the seafood LCA packaging review. No amount was back-solved from the reference GWP.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.44, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 1.44 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 1.44 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 1.44 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 1.44 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 35.294118, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.035294, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "aluminium production mix, wrought alloy, can material", "amount": 0.27, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Fish canning, small fish (Agribalyse v4 root): Pattern A processing-service composite replacing the unsafe duck-terrine direct-root substitution. COWI/UNEP Figure 2-8 has 13 row-counted input/output lines for average fish-canning technology: 1000 kg raw fish to 420-430 kg canned product, 15 m3 water and wastewater, 150-190 kWh energy, NaOH concentration without mass, boiler emissions, raw-effluent loads, and solid fish residues. The service excludes raw fish supply and routes energy through BAFU natural-gas heat, water through BAFU tap water, wastewater through BAFU sewage treatment, and small-fish aluminium can material through BAFU wrought aluminium at 0.27 kg/kg from the seafood LCA packaging review. No amount was back-solved from the reference GWP." }, "repl_ec4493dff53cf24d": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003111924", "name": "potato, washed, graded and packed in PP bag (FR)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_packaged_roasted_potato_FR_at_packaging" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Potato, roasted/baked, ambient PP packaging root, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A00ZT", "name": "Potatoes" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003111924", "name": "Potato, roasted/baked, processed in FR, ambient PP, at packaging" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540958", "name": "09580 - potatoes (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_packaged_roasted_potato_FR_at_packaging" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "not_calibrated_to_reference", "cooling_water_not_available", "industrial_roasting_excluded_downstream_consumer_stage" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open literature, public USDA process description, and BAFU/UVEK OGD inputs only. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level inventory copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram potato, washed, graded and packed in PP bag (FR) built from 2 energy / processing, 6 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram potato, washed, graded and packed in PP bag (FR)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Agribalyse v4 packed roasted/baked potato root override. Pattern A composite: allocated 1.160493827 kg BAFU 194846 potatoes (Ponsioen and Blonk 2011 Table 3.4: 0.94 economic allocation over 810 kg packed potatoes per tonne handled), 0.0216 MJ BAFU 252893 natural-gas heat, 0.006 kWh BAFU 269314 FR electricity, 1.4 kg BAFU 227940 washing water, 0.0014 m3 BAFU 510767 wastewater treatment, and 0.005 kg each of BAFU 431726 PP granulate, BAFU 474018 plastic-film extrusion, and BAFU 436607 PP incineration. The record's PP label is followed directly; no frozen-vegetable LDPE proxy is used. Values come from open public/literature sources and BAFU technosphere backgrounds, not proprietary ecoinvent flows or back-solving.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.0216, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.006, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.006 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.006 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.006 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.006 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 1.4, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.0014, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Potatoes IP, at farm", "amount": 1.160494, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Polypropylene, granulate, at plant", "amount": 0.005, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Extrusion, plastic film", "amount": 0.005, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, polypropylene, 15.9% water, to municipal incineration", "amount": 0.005, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 6, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 76.4, "protein_g": 1.88, "fat_g": 0.3, "saturated_fat_g": 0.058, "carbohydrates_g": 15.9, "sugars_g": 0.2, "fiber_g": 1.3, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.058, "water_g": 79.9 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 76.4, 76.4 ], "protein_g": [ 1.88, 1.88 ], "fat_g": [ 0.3, 0.3 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.058, 0.058 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 15.9, 15.9 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.2, 0.2 ], "fiber_g": [ 1.3, 1.3 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.058, 0.058 ], "water_g": [ 79.9, 79.9 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A00ZT", "matched_term_name": "Potatoes", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "national", "resolved_country": "FR", "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 packed roasted/baked potato root override. Pattern A composite: allocated 1.160493827 kg BAFU 194846 potatoes (Ponsioen and Blonk 2011 Table 3.4: 0.94 economic allocation over 810 kg packed potatoes per tonne handled), 0.0216 MJ BAFU 252893 natural-gas heat, 0.006 kWh BAFU 269314 FR electricity, 1.4 kg BAFU 227940 washing water, 0.0014 m3 BAFU 510767 wastewater treatment, and 0.005 kg each of BAFU 431726 PP granulate, BAFU 474018 plastic-film extrusion, and BAFU 436607 PP incineration. The record's PP label is followed directly; no frozen-vegetable LDPE proxy is used. Values come from open public/literature sources and BAFU technosphere backgrounds, not proprietary ecoinvent flows or back-solving." }, "repl_a9767fbd2d81a92b": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003111298", "name": "pineapple canning, media filling and retort sterilisation (FR)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_pineapple_canning_FR_at_processing" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Pineapple, canned, at processing, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A01LP", "name": "Pineapples" }, { "ns": "hestia", "id": "pineapplePlant", "name": "Pineapple plant" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003111298", "name": "Pineapple, canned" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03541777", "name": "17770 - pineapples (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_pineapple_canning_FR_at_processing" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "cradle_to_gate_proxy_for_root_substitution", "not_calibrated_to_reference", "packaging_material_excluded_downstream", "media_dissolved_solids_not_available", "biodiesel_proxy_not_available", "solid_waste_not_modelled_to_avoid_double_counting_peeled_pineapple_residue" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open literature, existing open tributary pineapple-preparation composite, and BAFU/UVEK OGD inputs only. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level inventory copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.76, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram pineapple canning, media filling and retort sterilisation (FR) built from 2 energy / processing, 3 other input, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram pineapple canning, media filling and retort sterilisation (FR)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Agribalyse v4 canned pineapple root override. The previous federated route selected raw pineapple crop production and dropped the canning/sterilisation stage. This Pattern A composite consumes 0.760258812 kg of the existing peeled-pineapple support activity per kg canned product, plus 0.061086 kWh French electricity, 0.481032 kg generic industrial steam, 8.05057 kg water including media carrier water, 0.007798 m3 wastewater treatment, and 0.007849 MJ LPG boiler heat. Can and label rows are excluded because the affected products have separate packaging-stage foregrounds. Media dissolved solids, biodiesel, and residual solid waste are explicitly flagged as not_available rather than hidden in a generic proxy. No amount was back-solved from the reference GWP.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.061086, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.06108632726034394 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.061086 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.06108632726034394 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.061086 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Steam, for chemical processes, at plant (RER)", "amount": 0.481032, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "steam demand 0.4810318406265962 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.481032 kg.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "steam demand 0.4810318406265962 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.481032 kg.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 8.05057, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.007798, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Propane,butane, burned in boiler condensing modulating 50kW (CH)", "amount": 0.007849, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "pineapple, peeled and cored, fresh-cut line (cascade, Rasines 2023)", "amount": 0.760259, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.760259 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.760259 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 46.508611160766606, "protein_g": 0.30000000074505806, "fat_g": 0.05000000074505806, "saturated_fat_g": 0.0, "carbohydrates_g": 10.795000076293945, "sugars_g": 5.045000076293945, "fiber_g": 1.2499999761581422, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.002615000003562309, "water_g": 87.45500030517579 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 44.2599983215332, 48.757224 ], "protein_g": [ 0.10000000149011612, 0.5 ], "fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.10000000149011612 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 10.09000015258789, 11.5 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 10.09000015258789 ], "fiber_g": [ 1.2, 1.2999999523162842 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0001500000071246177, 0.00508 ], "water_g": [ 86.8, 88.11000061035156 ] }, "match_tier": "embedding", "matched_term": null, "matched_term_name": "Pineapple", "identity_verified": true, "match_confidence": 1.0, "resolution": null, "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 2, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "embedding_cosine": 0.872, "embedding_distance": 0.128, "embedding_caveat": "Cosine orders a review queue; it is NOT a correctness score. Upstream measurement over 109 labelled links found similarity indistinguishable between correct and wrong picks (0.857 vs 0.869). Trust identity_verified first.", "notes": [ "embedding search on 'Pineapples' (no term-keyed path; cosine is for ordering a review queue, not a correctness score)" ] }, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 canned pineapple root override. The previous federated route selected raw pineapple crop production and dropped the canning/sterilisation stage. This Pattern A composite consumes 0.760258812 kg of the existing peeled-pineapple support activity per kg canned product, plus 0.061086 kWh French electricity, 0.481032 kg generic industrial steam, 8.05057 kg water including media carrier water, 0.007798 m3 wastewater treatment, and 0.007849 MJ LPG boiler heat. Can and label rows are excluded because the affected products have separate packaging-stage foregrounds. Media dissolved solids, biodiesel, and residual solid waste are explicitly flagged as not_available rather than hidden in a generic proxy. No amount was back-solved from the reference GWP." }, "repl_7c6ea75c798a0baf": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003104065", "name": "country-style pork pate or terrine, recipe, processed in FR, at-plant open composite", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_country_style_pork_pate_terrine_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Country-style pork pate or terrine, recipe, processed at plant, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003104065", "name": "Country-style pate or terrine, recipe, processed in FR, at plant" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A03MK", "name": "Pate" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543340", "name": "33400 - dark ale beer (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "manual_entries:food_processing_reconstruction:agribalyse_v4_root_override", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_country_style_pork_pate_terrine_FR" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "cradle_to_gate_proxy_for_root_substitution", "not_calibrated_to_reference", "pork_liver_backfat_specific_upstreams_not_available", "brandy_not_available", "starch_amount_not_available", "process_wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "generic_pork_proxy_for_offal_and_fat_raises_sanity_band" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open formulation facts, existing open tributary activities, first-principles unit mapping, and BAFU/UVEK OGD inputs only. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level inventory copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci", "livestock_lci", "spices_additives_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram country-style pork pate or terrine, recipe, processed in FR, at-plant open composite built from 5 other input, 1 processing input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram country-style pork pate or terrine, recipe, processed in FR, at-plant open composite", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "line_items": [ { "name": "pork shoulder/backfat/liver tissue proxy, slaughterhouse-gate", "amount": 0.804732, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.804732 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.804732 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "shallot and garlic aromatic proxy", "amount": 0.045065, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.045065 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.045065 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "egg binder proxy", "amount": 0.040237, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.040237 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.040237 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "sodium chloride powder, recipe salt", "amount": 0.004024, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "generic dried spices for country-style pate", "amount": 0.013399, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "spices_additives_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "canned meat terrine processing, cooking, filling and sterilisation", "amount": 1.0, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (1.0 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": null }, "repl_c59a87f4a24bed2a": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003106566", "name": "garden peas and carrots, cooked, washing, cooking, IQF freezing (FR)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_garden_peas_carrots_cooked_freezing_FR_at_plant" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Frozen cooked garden peas and carrots, processor gate, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003106566", "name": "Garden peas and carrots, frozen, cooked, recipe, at plant" }, { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A16GB", "name": "Mixed vegetables, frozen" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543910", "name": "39100 - mixed vegetables (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_garden_peas_carrots_cooked_freezing_FR_at_plant" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "cradle_to_gate_proxy_for_root_substitution", "not_calibrated_to_reference", "composition_minimum_rows_normalized", "garden_pea_proxy_from_protein_peas_FR", "cooked_recipe_seasonings_out_of_scope", "cooling_water_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open standards, open/public recipe data, open literature, existing open tributary crop composites, and BAFU/UVEK OGD inputs only. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level inventory copied or reverse-engineered.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram garden peas and carrots, cooked, washing, cooking, IQF freezing (FR) built from 2 energy / processing, 8 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram garden peas and carrots, cooked, washing, cooking, IQF freezing (FR)", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Agribalyse v4 frozen cooked garden peas and carrots at-plant override. Pattern A composite: CTCPA S11-normalized pea/carrot shares with open cooked-recipe onion and retained-water proportions; 0.2557 kWh FR electricity for washing/cutting/freezing plus cooking electricity; 3.0496 MJ natural-gas heat for blanching plus cooking; 9.557143 kg process/retained water; 0.009286 m3 wastewater; 0.157143 kg biowaste treatment; 0.00166 kg LDPE bulk handling; and 0.000021 kg ammonia refrigerant make-up. Values come from open public/literature sources and BAFU technosphere inputs only; no restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent exchange amounts were copied.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.2557, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.2557 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.2557 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.2557 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.2557 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 3.0496, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 3.0496 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 3.0496 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 3.0496 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 3.0496 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user (RER)", "amount": 9.557143, "unit": "kg", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.009286, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "xx Protein peas conventional, Barrois, at farm", "amount": 0.519226, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "carrot production, modelled", "amount": 0.236012, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.236012 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.236012 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "onion production, modelled", "amount": 0.11619, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.11619 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.11619 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion, economic allocation", "amount": 0.157143, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Polyethylene, LDPE, granulate, at plant", "amount": 0.00166, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Ammonia, liquid, at regional storehouse", "amount": 2.1e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 8, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 frozen cooked garden peas and carrots at-plant override. Pattern A composite: CTCPA S11-normalized pea/carrot shares with open cooked-recipe onion and retained-water proportions; 0.2557 kWh FR electricity for washing/cutting/freezing plus cooking electricity; 3.0496 MJ natural-gas heat for blanching plus cooking; 9.557143 kg process/retained water; 0.009286 m3 wastewater; 0.157143 kg biowaste treatment; 0.00166 kg LDPE bulk handling; and 0.000021 kg ammonia refrigerant make-up. Values come from open public/literature sources and BAFU technosphere inputs only; no restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent exchange amounts were copied." }, "repl_69e5784d43d959e1": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003111822", "name": "pork spare ribs, braised, processed in FR, at-plant open composite", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_pork_spare_ribs_braised_FR_at_plant" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Pork spare-ribs, braised, processing only, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A037V", "name": "Pork meat" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_6120", "name": "pork" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003111822", "name": "Pork, spare-ribs, braised" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543121", "name": "31210 - pork lard (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "manual_entries:food_processing_reconstruction:agribalyse_v4_root_override", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_pork_spare_ribs_braised_FR_at_plant" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "cradle_to_processor_gate_proxy", "braised_country_style_ribs_yield_proxy", "product_specific_packaging_not_included", "process_water_not_available", "wastewater_not_available", "cooling_water_not_available", "consumables_not_available" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Open sources only: USDA ARS cooking-yield data, San Miguel & Ruiz 2021 industrial utility data, livestock_lci pork meat, and BAFU OGD activities. No ecoinvent or restricted Agribalyse flow-level inventory data copied or fitted. BAFU/UVEK attribution: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "livestock_lci" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.68, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram pork spare ribs, braised, processed in FR, at-plant open composite built from 2 energy / processing, 1 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram pork spare ribs, braised, processed in FR, at-plant open composite", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Pork spare-ribs braised Agribalyse v4 product-specific child override. One USDA cooking-yield row gives 71% braised rib proxy yield, so the inventory consumes 1.408451 kg slaughterhouse-gate pork per kg cooked product. Industrial cooking utilities use the existing open meat-processing utility basis: 0.114583 kWh electricity and 2.125625 MJ natural-gas heat per kg. No amount was back-solved from the reference GWP; missing packaging/downstream/water/consumable rows are flagged rather than absorbed into a fitted proxy.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.114583, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.114583 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.114583 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.114583 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.114583 kWh.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 2.125625, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "natural gas demand 2.125625 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.125625 MJ.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "natural gas demand 2.125625 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 2.125625 MJ.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "raw pork rib meat input, slaughterhouse-gate, scaled by USDA braised-rib cooking yield", "amount": 1.408451, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (1.408451 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (1.408451 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 896.0, "protein_g": 0.0, "fat_g": 99.5, "saturated_fat_g": 41.1, "carbohydrates_g": 0.0, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 0.0, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.005, "water_g": 1.0 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 896.0, 896.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fat_g": [ 99.5, 99.5 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 41.1, 41.1 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 0.0 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.005, 0.005 ], "water_g": [ 1.0, 1.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A037V", "matched_term_name": "Pork lard", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "national", "resolved_country": "FR", "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 1, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden" }, "notes": "Pork spare-ribs braised Agribalyse v4 product-specific child override. One USDA cooking-yield row gives 71% braised rib proxy yield, so the inventory consumes 1.408451 kg slaughterhouse-gate pork per kg cooked product. Industrial cooking utilities use the existing open meat-processing utility basis: 0.114583 kWh electricity and 2.125625 MJ natural-gas heat per kg. No amount was back-solved from the reference GWP; missing packaging/downstream/water/consumable rows are flagged rather than absorbed into a fitted proxy." }, "repl_c18ca6e99048f8d7": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003109225", "name": "boneless veal from slaughtering/chilling/quartering, French production mix", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_agribalyse_lci", "code": "food_processing_veal_slaughter_chilling_quartering_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Boneless veal meat, French processing, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A021A", "name": "Veal meat" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_8163", "name": "veal" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003109225", "name": "Meat without bone, veal" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03542081", "name": "20810 - pig other slaughtering products (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "replacement_kind": "resolved", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_veal_slaughter_chilling_quartering_FR" }, "note": "Manual Agribalyse v4 boneless-veal root substitution to the existing process-based veal slaughter/chilling/quartering support activity with an open 65% carcass-to-boneless yield conversion; no proprietary flow-level data or calibrated scalar used.", "build_params": { "carcass_to_boneless_yield": 0.65, "carcass_to_boneless_yield_p5": 0.45, "carcass_to_boneless_yield_p95": 0.67, "conversion_factor": 1.5384615384615383 } }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram boneless veal from slaughtering/chilling/quartering, French production mix built from 2 energy / processing, 3 other input.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram boneless veal from slaughtering/chilling/quartering, French production mix", "derivation": "1 kg boneless veal meat at processing gate Open boneless-veal bridge for Agribalyse v4 Meat without bone, veal. It reuses the existing process-based veal slaughter/chilling/quartering composite and applies a physical 65% carcass-to-boneless retail yield conversion (1.5384615384615383 kg carcass-equivalent per kg boneless veal). The source range is 45-67% and is documented as yield uncertainty, not used for calibration. No proprietary flow-level data, dummy deboning exchange, or target-GWP calibration is used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 0.398096, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, to wastewater treatment, class 5 (CH)", "amount": 0.0035, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "cattle for slaughtering, veal calf, live weight", "amount": 1.666667, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (1.666667 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (1.666667 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid, FR - slaughterhouse refrigeration and equipment", "amount": 0.062, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, FR - slaughterhouse cleaning and process water", "amount": 3.5, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg boneless veal meat at processing gate", "boundary": "Boneless veal meat at processing gate: upstream veal slaughter/chilling/quartering composite plus carcass-to-boneless yield conversion. Live-calf emissions remain delegated to livestock_lci through the upstream composite. Packaging, distribution, supermarket utilities, consumer refrigeration, and direct HFC leakage are excluded.", "luc": null, "dry_matter_fraction": null, "why_functional_unit": "The Agribalyse staged chain consumes boneless veal meat per kg product before the packaging/distribution/retail wrapper stages are applied." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD plus open literature/extension yield basis; publishable with required BAFU attribution.", "citations": [ { "handle": "fao-slaughter-energy-table-12", "text": "FAO slaughterhouses chapter, Table 12: Dutch slaughter and cut/debone energy rows used by the existing veal slaughter/chilling support activity." }, { "handle": "dca-rapport-061-veal", "text": "Nguyen et al. / AU DCA report 061: veal production and slaughter boundary/yield sanity-check data for European calf systems." }, { "handle": "extension-boneless-yield", "text": "SDSU Extension (2022) reports about 65% of carcass weight as boneless trimmed beef; University of Wisconsin Extension gives a 67% chilled-carcass cutting-yield example; Oklahoma State Extension reports 45-60% finished-product yield for younger calf carcasses." }, { "handle": "bafu-uvek-2025", "text": "Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." } ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "dqr_tuple": null, "confidence": 0.75, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Open boneless-veal bridge for Agribalyse v4 Meat without bone, veal. It reuses the existing process-based veal slaughter/chilling/quartering composite and applies a physical 65% carcass-to-boneless retail yield conversion (1.5384615384615383 kg carcass-equivalent per kg boneless veal). The source range is 45-67% and is documented as yield uncertainty, not used for calibration. No proprietary flow-level data, dummy deboning exchange, or target-GWP calibration is used." }, "repl_f954882635850494": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent-3.11-cutoff/cdf8dc99f154f33c9e096666a03513f9", "name": "fish freezing service, plate freezer, processor gate (FR)", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_fish_freezing_service_FR" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Fish freezing service, processor gate, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "ecoinvent", "id": "cdf8dc99f154f33c9e096666a03513f9", "name": "fish freezing, small fish" }, { "ns": "ecoinvent-geo", "id": "RoW", "name": "Rest of world" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RoW", "name": "Rest of World", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "start": "2026", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_fish_freezing_service_FR" }, "note": "Process-based fish-freezing service from open literature electricity demand; no ecoinvent flow-level data used." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram fish freezing service, plate freezer, processor gate (FR) built from 1 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram fish freezing service, plate freezer, processor gate (FR)", "derivation": "1 kg fish/fish fillet frozen at processor gate ecoinvent 3.11 fish-freezing bridge to the lci-food-processing fish-freezing Pattern A composite. Replaces the weak bean-freezing proxy with a freezing-only service based on open fish/seafood plate-freezer electricity data. No upstream fish catch, filleting, packaging, cold storage, or refrigerant leakage is included; missing flows are explicitly flagged as not_available.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (FR)", "amount": 0.117, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": "electricity demand 0.117 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.117 kWh.", "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": null, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "electricity demand 0.117 per kg product (primary process inventory); links to BAFU/UVEK background at 0.117 kWh.", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg fish/fish fillet frozen at processor gate", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate freezing service only: compressor/plate-freezer electricity. Excludes upstream catch/aquaculture, filleting, packaging, cold storage, distribution, retail, and consumer stages." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Open literature and BAFU/UVEK OGD inputs only. Attribution: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "kolbe-1990", "text": "Kolbe E. (1990) Estimating Energy Consumption in Surimi Processing, Applied Engineering in Agriculture 6(3):322-328." }, { "handle": "fao-saithe", "text": "FAO Torry Advisory Note, Handling and Processing Saithe." }, { "handle": "cleland-earle-1980", "text": "Cleland A.C. and Earle M.D. (1980) Energy Use in the Fish-Processing Industry, NTIS DE82905087." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.74, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "ecoinvent 3.11 fish-freezing bridge to the lci-food-processing fish-freezing Pattern A composite. Replaces the weak bean-freezing proxy with a freezing-only service based on open fish/seafood plate-freezer electricity data. No upstream fish catch, filleting, packaging, cold storage, or refrigerant leakage is included; missing flows are explicitly flagged as not_available." }, "repl_40cafef509e7c57c": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003111898", "name": "Potato starch, at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "453974" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Potato starch consumption mix, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A03RK", "name": "Potato starch" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543778", "name": "37780 - ready-to-eat mixed meal for children (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2026", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "453974" }, "note": "Curated bridge from the Agribalyse potato starch consumption-mix child root to the closest public BAFU potato-starch at-plant activity." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kg Potato starch, at plant built from 2 energy / processing, 4 other input, 1 transport; emissions: field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kg Potato starch, at plant", "derivation": "1 kg potato starch consumption mix represented by a potato-starch at-plant proxy Agribalyse v4 child-root bridge for potato starch consumption mix. Uses the public BAFU/UVEK potato-starch at-plant activity as a cradle-to-gate proxy; no restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data copied. French consumption-mix supplier geography and transport are not reconstructed here.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at industrial furnace 1MW", "amount": 1.624, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, waste", "amount": 0.603, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chemical plant, organics", "amount": 4e-10, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Potatoes IP, at farm", "amount": 3.920000000000001, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, potato starch production effluent, to wastewater treatment, class 2", "amount": 0.005811, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, at grid", "amount": 0.1675, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 0.098, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, at user", "amount": 3.727, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "nemecek_2007", "text": "Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems. Ecoinvent report version 2.0. Editors: 0. Volume: 15. Swiss Centre for LCI, ART. Duebendorf and Zurich, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Nemecek, T.\\nOther authors: Kägi, T., Blaser, S.\\nYear: 2007\\nName of editors: 0\\nTitle of anthology: Ecoinvent report version 2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Zurich, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ART\\nVolume No: 15\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Nemecek, T., Kägi, T., Blaser, S. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg potato starch consumption mix represented by a potato-starch at-plant proxy", "boundary": "Cradle-to-gate starch production anchor. Excludes French consumption-mix supplier shares and distribution transport because no open share vector was identified in this fix." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Open BAFU/UVEK OGD anchor and public documentation only. Attribution: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu-2025", "text": "Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." }, { "handle": "starch-europe-2015", "text": "Starch Europe (2015) LCA study summary report update for European starch products." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.82, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 child-root bridge for potato starch consumption mix. Uses the public BAFU/UVEK potato-starch at-plant activity as a cradle-to-gate proxy; no restricted Agribalyse or ecoinvent flow-level data copied. French consumption-mix supplier geography and transport are not reconstructed here." }, "repl_7d730517795ecb5c": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000000003112440", "name": "Rape oil, at oil mill", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "286928" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Refined rapeseed oil at oil mill, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A03PV", "name": "Rapeseed oil" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03543747", "name": "37470 - food products for young population (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2026", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "286928" }, "note": "Curated bridge from the Agribalyse refined rapeseed-oil oil-mill child root to the closest public BAFU rape-oil at-oil-mill activity." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kg Rape oil, at oil mill built from 5 other input, 1 seed, 2 energy / processing, 3 transport; emissions: field emission (carbon), field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kg Rape oil, at oil mill", "derivation": "1 kg refined rapeseed oil represented by a rape-oil at-oil-mill proxy Agribalyse v4 child-root bridge for refined rapeseed oil at oil mill. Uses the public BAFU/UVEK rape-oil at-oil-mill activity rather than the food-processing gate-to-gate oil cascade, because this child root needs the oil-mill product boundary including upstream seed supply. No target calibration or restricted flow-level data used.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Hexane", "amount": 0.002092, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hexane, at plant", "amount": 0.002092, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Rape seed conventional, at farm", "amount": 1.9061172901921133, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "seed", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, from residence, to wastewater treatment, class 2", "amount": 5.1421e-06, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Phosphoric acid, industrial grade, 85% in H2O, at plant", "amount": 0.00067618, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, production ENTSO-E, at grid", "amount": 0.081412, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, rail", "amount": 0.0043404, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, waste", "amount": 0.91013, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 0.00072339, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at industrial furnace 1MW", "amount": 1.3489782674418607, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Carbon dioxide, biogenic", "amount": 2.2809150657229527, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (carbon)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Oil mill", "amount": 6.3537e-10, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Bentonite, at processing", "amount": 0.0044658, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, 7.5t-16t gross weight, fleet average", "amount": 0.19061, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "jungbluth_2007", "text": "Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 17. Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU. Duebendorf and Uster, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Jungbluth N.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Duebendorf and Uster, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, ESU\\nVolume No: 17\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Jungbluth N., Chudacoff M., Dauriat A., Dinkel F., Doka G., Faist Emmenegger M., Gnansounou E., Kljun N., Spielmann M., Stettler C., Sutter J. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 2, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "seed", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (carbon)", "n_items": 1, "role": "emission" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg refined rapeseed oil represented by a rape-oil at-oil-mill proxy", "boundary": "Cradle-to-gate oil-mill anchor. Uses BAFU/UVEK technosphere and biosphere inventory as published; no downstream recipe amounts or restricted process flows are copied." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Open BAFU/UVEK OGD anchor and public documentation only. Attribution: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu-2025", "text": "Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." }, { "handle": "iterg-crushing-refining", "text": "ITERG technical overview of oilseed crushing and vegetable-oil refining operations." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.78, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 child-root bridge for refined rapeseed oil at oil mill. Uses the public BAFU/UVEK rape-oil at-oil-mill activity rather than the food-processing gate-to-gate oil cascade, because this child root needs the oil-mill product boundary including upstream seed supply. No target calibration or restricted flow-level data used." }, "repl_93476c93fd849c52": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000009084602817", "name": "Tap water, at user", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "227940" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Tap water consumption mix, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "cpc", "id": "18000", "name": "Natural water" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2026", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "bafu", "code": "227940" }, "note": "Curated bridge from the Agribalyse tap-water consumption-mix child root to the public BAFU tap-water at-user activity." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kg Tap water, at user built from 11 other input, 2 transport, 1 energy / processing; emissions: field emission (other).", "functional_unit": "1 kg Tap water, at user", "derivation": "1 kg tap water at user Agribalyse v4 child-root bridge for tap-water consumption mix. Uses the public BAFU/UVEK tap-water at-user activity with the same kilogram denominator. No restricted flow-level data copied.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Water works", "amount": 1.1907e-11, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, unpolluted, to wastewater treatment, class 3", "amount": 1.7656e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Aluminium sulphate, powder, at plant", "amount": 6.33e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Pump station", "amount": 2.0568e-11, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water storage", "amount": 2.0568e-11, "unit": "unit", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chlorine", "amount": 1e-07, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 1.4813e-06, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, well", "amount": 0.00041042, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water supply network", "amount": 3.1429e-10, "unit": "kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, river", "amount": 0.00051303, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant", "amount": 8.8e-07, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, wood untreated, 20% water, to municipal incineration", "amount": 4.17e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage, production ENTSO-E, at grid", "amount": 0.00039, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Charcoal, at plant", "amount": 4.17e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chlorine, liquid, production mix, at plant", "amount": 1e-07, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, waste", "amount": 0.001404, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water, lake", "amount": 0.00020521, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, rail", "amount": 8.888e-06, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Ozone, liquid, at plant", "amount": 3.3333e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chloride", "amount": 5.0352e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Aluminium", "amount": 1.2948e-06, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.369378, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Water", "amount": 0.4873785, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "emission", "group": "field emission (other)", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu_2026", "reference": { "handle": "althaus_2007", "text": "Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0. Volume: 8. Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL. Dübendorf, CH.\\nType: Measurement on site\\nSource: CD-ROM\\nFirst author: Althaus H.-J.\\nOther authors: Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A.\\nYear: 2007\\nTitle of anthology: Final report ecoinvent data v2.0\\nPlace of publication: Dübendorf, CH\\nPublisher: Swiss Centre for LCI, Empa - TSL\\nVolume No: 8\\n" }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "amount from BAFU/UVEK 2025 reference; source: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M., Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals.; the per-flow application rate is documented in that study, not in the BAFU OGD", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 11, "role": "input" }, { "group": "field emission (other)", "n_items": 9, "role": "emission" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg tap water at user", "boundary": "Water supply at user, represented by the BAFU/UVEK RER tap-water anchor. Excludes product-specific wastewater generation, which belongs to processing activities when measured." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Open BAFU/UVEK OGD anchor and public documentation only. Attribution: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu-2025", "text": "Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.86, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 child-root bridge for tap-water consumption mix. Uses the public BAFU/UVEK tap-water at-user activity with the same kilogram denominator. No restricted flow-level data copied." }, "repl_ec10c4101e440f97": { "ecoinvent_reference": "agribalyse_v4_ecoinvent/AGRIBALU000009084600058", "name": "Cooking, frying process, Europe", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_cooking_frying_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Large-scale cooking service, France", "terms": [ { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_1851", "name": "cooking" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FRA", "name": "France" } ], "time": { "start": "2026", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "format_version": "1.0.0", "reconciliation": null, "method": { "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_lci", "code": "food_processing_cooking_frying_RER" }, "note": "Curated bridge from the Agribalyse large-scale cooking child root to the existing process-based food-processing cooking/frying service." }, "allocation": null, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kg Cooking, frying process, Europe built from 2 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kg Cooking, frying process, Europe", "derivation": "1 kg cooked product receiving a generic industrial cooking/frying service Agribalyse v4 child-root bridge for large-scale cooking service. Uses the existing food-processing Pattern A cooking/frying service with BAFU heat and electricity technosphere inputs. This is a conservative processing-service bridge, not target calibration; missing water, wastewater, cooling-water, and consumable-material measurements are explicitly flagged.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at boiler modulating >100kW (RER)", "amount": 1.48, "unit": "MJ", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.0617, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg cooked product receiving a generic industrial cooking/frying service", "boundary": "Gate-to-gate cooking service with BAFU heat and electricity technosphere inputs. Excludes raw materials, packaging, distribution, and unmeasured process water/wastewater/cooling water/consumables." }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "Open BAFU/UVEK OGD anchor and public documentation only. Attribution: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu-2025", "text": "Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025." }, { "handle": "lci-food-processing-frying", "text": "lci-food-processing frying domain: process-based cooking/frying service using natural-gas heat and electricity inputs." } ] }, "trust": { "confidence": 0.58, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Agribalyse v4 child-root bridge for large-scale cooking service. Uses the existing food-processing Pattern A cooking/frying service with BAFU heat and electricity technosphere inputs. This is a conservative processing-service bridge, not target calibration; missing water, wastewater, cooling-water, and consumable-material measurements are explicitly flagged." }, "repl_07974cba30edfbd6": { "ecoinvent_reference": "AGRIBALU000000003109008", "name": "maize grain processing, dry milling", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_maize_flour_dry_milling_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Maize flour, dry milling (conventional), RER", "terms": [ { "ns": "foodex2", "id": "A002Q", "name": "Maize flour" }, { "ns": "agrovoc", "id": "c_25472", "name": "maize flour" }, { "ns": "agribalyse", "id": "AGRIBALU000000003109008", "name": "Maize flour, dry milling process, at plant" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "FR", "name": "France" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540073", "name": "00730 - maize flour (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" } ], "time": { "start": "2024", "duration": "P1Y" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "manual_entries:food_processing_maize_flour_conventional_root_substitution", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_maize_flour_dry_milling_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound)", "boundary": "gate-to-gate processing only; upstream substrate flow left unbound — consumer must supply the farm-gate input.", "scope_marker": "gate_to_gate", "quality_flags": [ "pattern_a_composite_lci", "root_reroute_conventional_over_organic", "reuses_existing_composite_no_new_inventory" ] }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure. Override only re-points to an existing open Pattern A composite whose amounts derive from open literature and BAFU OGD activities. No restricted ecoinvent or Agribalyse flow-level inventory amounts were copied or fitted. BAFU/UVEK attribution: Database of the Swiss Federal Administration, BAFU:2025, Federal Office for the Environment, 2025.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.7, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram maize grain processing, dry milling built from 5 other input, 1 energy / processing.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram maize grain processing, dry milling", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, factory gate (substrate unbound) Conventional maize flour dry-milling Agribalyse v4 root substitution. Re-points AGRIBALU000000003109008 from the organic composite (food_processing_maize_flour_organic_dry_milling_RER, 0.6642) to the existing CONVENTIONAL composite food_processing_maize_flour_dry_milling_RER (0.5823) so the conventional Agribalyse record no longer inherits an organic-anchored footprint. Pure wiring to a pre-existing process-based composite; no amount was authored or back-solved from the reference GWP. CORRECTION 2026-07-26: bafu_key named the database 'food_processing_lci', which is registered in no Brightway project. The inventory itself exists and is correct — only the database name was wrong. Retargeted to 'food_processing_legacy_lci'. Caught by edb-to-bafu/scripts/check_bafu_key_resolves.py, which now distinguishes a wrong database name (one-word fix, data present) from a target that exists nowhere (must be built or the entry retired).", "line_items": [ { "name": "Corn, at farm", "amount": 1.302, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, low voltage, at grid", "amount": 0.068423, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Tap water, water balance according to MoeK 2013, at user", "amount": 0.025335, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Treatment, sewage, unpolluted, from residence, to wastewater treatment, class 2", "amount": -1.7e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Building, multi-storey", "amount": 1e-05, "unit": "cubic meter", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Industrial machine, heavy, unspecified, at plant", "amount": 1.6e-05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "other input", "n_items": 5, "role": "input" }, { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": { "per_100g": { "energy_kcal": 356.0, "protein_g": 6.85, "fat_g": 2.82, "saturated_fat_g": 0.10500000000000001, "carbohydrates_g": 74.9, "sugars_g": 0.0, "fiber_g": 3.1500000000000004, "sodium_chloride_g": 0.005085, "water_g": 11.55 }, "uncertainty": { "energy_kcal": [ 260.9, 377.0 ], "protein_g": [ 0.35, 9.6 ], "fat_g": [ 0.3, 4.0 ], "saturated_fat_g": [ 0.0, 0.543 ], "carbohydrates_g": [ 28.5, 92.0 ], "sugars_g": [ 0.0, 1.5 ], "fiber_g": [ 0.0, 9.42 ], "sodium_chloride_g": [ 0.0, 0.04064 ], "water_g": [ 9.5, 26.0 ] }, "match_tier": "sediment_direct", "matched_term": "foodex2:A002Q", "matched_term_name": "Maize flour", "identity_verified": null, "match_confidence": null, "resolution": "generic_blend", "resolved_country": null, "coverage": null, "quality_flag": null, "source_count": 24, "source": "lci-nutrients (national food-composition databases, FAO/INFOODS tagnames); joined on the sediment identity layer, esfc-glossary bridging vocabulary mismatches", "functional_unit": "per 100 g edible portion of the food — NOT per kg of product, and carrying no LCA burden", "notes": [ "origin not resolvable to a covered row; generic blend" ] }, "notes": "Conventional maize flour dry-milling Agribalyse v4 root substitution. Re-points AGRIBALU000000003109008 from the organic composite (food_processing_maize_flour_organic_dry_milling_RER, 0.6642) to the existing CONVENTIONAL composite food_processing_maize_flour_dry_milling_RER (0.5823) so the conventional Agribalyse record no longer inherits an organic-anchored footprint. Pure wiring to a pre-existing process-based composite; no amount was authored or back-solved from the reference GWP. CORRECTION 2026-07-26: bafu_key named the database 'food_processing_lci', which is registered in no Brightway project. The inventory itself exists and is correct — only the database name was wrong. Retargeted to 'food_processing_legacy_lci'. Caught by edb-to-bafu/scripts/check_bafu_key_resolves.py, which now distinguishes a wrong database name (one-word fix, data present) from a target that exists nowhere (must be built or the entry retired)." }, "repl_6125e1acbbf28ea4": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ZHAW_Data_ei3.6/2d57cfe834feb9aa059c0070e6bec189", "name": "chicken broth paste (Huehnerbouillon), at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_chicken_broth_paste_CH" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Chicken bouillon paste (Huehnerbouillon), at plant, CH", "terms": [ { "id": "A0GFR", "name": "Bouillon", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "A01RV", "name": "Chicken meat", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "CHE", "name": "Switzerland", "ns": "gadm" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2020" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_chicken_broth_paste_CH" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fermentation_lci", "fruit_crops_lci", "livestock_lci", "salca_generated" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram chicken broth paste (Huehnerbouillon), at plant built from 3 energy / processing, 11 other input, 1 processing input, 2 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram chicken broth paste (Huehnerbouillon), at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Rebuilt 2026-08-05 as a Pattern A composite LCI in src/lci_food_processing/domains/bouillon_pastes.py, sibling of the Fleischbouillon rebuilt 2026-07-27. This was one of exactly THREE ZHAW_Data_ei3.6 nodes reached from outside that database in the shipped bytes of 2026-08-05; because the export closure resolves dependencies at DATABASE granularity, those three held all 146 ZHAW nodes in the public bundle, 143 of them passengers. Rehoming them lets the block be DROPPED rather than shipped with a 'do not build on this' release note. The composition is the open EDB/ZHAW record's own, carried forward unchanged apart from strict duplicate removal (same target AND same amount; rows naming one input at different amounts are ordinary recipe structure and are kept). What changes is WHERE each upstream burden comes from: open BAFU/UVEK activities and this workspace's process-based tributaries instead of an ecoinvent-backed import. No amount was solved backwards from any target GWP. MSG routes to fermentation_lci's rebuilt inventory (2.5874 kg CO2eq/kg); the ZHAW original demanded 30.5 kg beet sugar/kg, 21x the stoichiometric ceiling, while carrying ~1.7 MJ of process energy against a 15-25 MJ/kg requirement -- two errors that partly cancelled, leaving the source 42% LOW. Chicken enters twice at 0.158 and 0.0525 kg -- DIFFERENT amounts, so both are kept under the strict rule (0.2105 kg/kg total): a meat charge and a smaller flavour charge, the source's structure rather than a defect.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (CH)", "amount": 0.261, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium chloride, powder, at plant", "amount": 0.452, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Palm oil, at oil mill", "amount": 0.21, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "broiler chicken, at farm gate (modelled) — meat charge", "amount": 0.158, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.158 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.158 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "broiler chicken, at farm gate (modelled) — flavour charge", "amount": 0.0525, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.0525 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.0525 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Monosodium glutamate, submerged aerobic fermentation", "amount": 0.0735, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "fermentation_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sugar, from sugar beet — base charge", "amount": 0.0525, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sugar, from sugar beet — seasoning charge", "amount": 0.00788, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Maltodextrin, enzymatic starch hydrolysis", "amount": 0.0105, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "fermentation_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chemicals organic, at plant", "amount": 0.0105, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "vegetable extract, extraction and concentration", "amount": 0.00788, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.00788 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.00788 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "onion, at farm gate (SALCA-generated)", "amount": 0.00788, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "salca_generated", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": null, "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at industrial furnace", "amount": 0.0137, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, low voltage, at grid", "amount": 0.261, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, rail", "amount": 0.2, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 11, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Rebuilt 2026-08-05 as a Pattern A composite LCI in src/lci_food_processing/domains/bouillon_pastes.py, sibling of the Fleischbouillon rebuilt 2026-07-27. This was one of exactly THREE ZHAW_Data_ei3.6 nodes reached from outside that database in the shipped bytes of 2026-08-05; because the export closure resolves dependencies at DATABASE granularity, those three held all 146 ZHAW nodes in the public bundle, 143 of them passengers. Rehoming them lets the block be DROPPED rather than shipped with a 'do not build on this' release note. The composition is the open EDB/ZHAW record's own, carried forward unchanged apart from strict duplicate removal (same target AND same amount; rows naming one input at different amounts are ordinary recipe structure and are kept). What changes is WHERE each upstream burden comes from: open BAFU/UVEK activities and this workspace's process-based tributaries instead of an ecoinvent-backed import. No amount was solved backwards from any target GWP. MSG routes to fermentation_lci's rebuilt inventory (2.5874 kg CO2eq/kg); the ZHAW original demanded 30.5 kg beet sugar/kg, 21x the stoichiometric ceiling, while carrying ~1.7 MJ of process energy against a 15-25 MJ/kg requirement -- two errors that partly cancelled, leaving the source 42% LOW. Chicken enters twice at 0.158 and 0.0525 kg -- DIFFERENT amounts, so both are kept under the strict rule (0.2105 kg/kg total): a meat charge and a smaller flavour charge, the source's structure rather than a defect." }, "repl_211f549b44b021a8": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f619e67471bd4a5c94724fe9df7f8b05", "name": "chicken broth paste (Huehnerbouillon), at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_chicken_broth_paste_CH" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Market for chicken broth paste, w/o transport, CH", "terms": [ { "id": "A0GFR", "name": "Bouillon", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "A01RV", "name": "Chicken meat", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "CHE", "name": "Switzerland", "ns": "gadm" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2020" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_chicken_broth_paste_CH" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fermentation_lci", "fruit_crops_lci", "livestock_lci", "salca_generated" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram chicken broth paste (Huehnerbouillon), at plant built from 3 energy / processing, 11 other input, 1 processing input, 2 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram chicken broth paste (Huehnerbouillon), at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Rebuilt 2026-08-05 as a Pattern A composite LCI in src/lci_food_processing/domains/bouillon_pastes.py, sibling of the Fleischbouillon rebuilt 2026-07-27. This was one of exactly THREE ZHAW_Data_ei3.6 nodes reached from outside that database in the shipped bytes of 2026-08-05; because the export closure resolves dependencies at DATABASE granularity, those three held all 146 ZHAW nodes in the public bundle, 143 of them passengers. Rehoming them lets the block be DROPPED rather than shipped with a 'do not build on this' release note. The composition is the open EDB/ZHAW record's own, carried forward unchanged apart from strict duplicate removal (same target AND same amount; rows naming one input at different amounts are ordinary recipe structure and are kept). What changes is WHERE each upstream burden comes from: open BAFU/UVEK activities and this workspace's process-based tributaries instead of an ecoinvent-backed import. No amount was solved backwards from any target GWP. MSG routes to fermentation_lci's rebuilt inventory (2.5874 kg CO2eq/kg); the ZHAW original demanded 30.5 kg beet sugar/kg, 21x the stoichiometric ceiling, while carrying ~1.7 MJ of process energy against a 15-25 MJ/kg requirement -- two errors that partly cancelled, leaving the source 42% LOW.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (CH)", "amount": 0.261, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium chloride, powder, at plant", "amount": 0.452, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Palm oil, at oil mill", "amount": 0.21, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "broiler chicken, at farm gate (modelled) — meat charge", "amount": 0.158, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.158 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.158 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "broiler chicken, at farm gate (modelled) — flavour charge", "amount": 0.0525, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.0525 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "livestock_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.0525 kilogram) resolved to the livestock_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Monosodium glutamate, submerged aerobic fermentation", "amount": 0.0735, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "fermentation_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sugar, from sugar beet — base charge", "amount": 0.0525, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sugar, from sugar beet — seasoning charge", "amount": 0.00788, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Maltodextrin, enzymatic starch hydrolysis", "amount": 0.0105, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "fermentation_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chemicals organic, at plant", "amount": 0.0105, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "vegetable extract, extraction and concentration", "amount": 0.00788, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.00788 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.00788 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "onion, at farm gate (SALCA-generated)", "amount": 0.00788, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "salca_generated", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": null, "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at industrial furnace", "amount": 0.0137, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, low voltage, at grid", "amount": 0.261, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, rail", "amount": 0.2, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 11, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 1, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Rebuilt 2026-08-05 as a Pattern A composite LCI in src/lci_food_processing/domains/bouillon_pastes.py, sibling of the Fleischbouillon rebuilt 2026-07-27. This was one of exactly THREE ZHAW_Data_ei3.6 nodes reached from outside that database in the shipped bytes of 2026-08-05; because the export closure resolves dependencies at DATABASE granularity, those three held all 146 ZHAW nodes in the public bundle, 143 of them passengers. Rehoming them lets the block be DROPPED rather than shipped with a 'do not build on this' release note. The composition is the open EDB/ZHAW record's own, carried forward unchanged apart from strict duplicate removal (same target AND same amount; rows naming one input at different amounts are ordinary recipe structure and are kept). What changes is WHERE each upstream burden comes from: open BAFU/UVEK activities and this workspace's process-based tributaries instead of an ecoinvent-backed import. No amount was solved backwards from any target GWP. MSG routes to fermentation_lci's rebuilt inventory (2.5874 kg CO2eq/kg); the ZHAW original demanded 30.5 kg beet sugar/kg, 21x the stoichiometric ceiling, while carrying ~1.7 MJ of process energy against a 15-25 MJ/kg requirement -- two errors that partly cancelled, leaving the source 42% LOW." }, "repl_ca8ec2cd3e4dbbe7": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ZHAW_Data_ei3.6/df5d1890fc9b4a19872856d68d856580", "name": "vegetable broth paste (Gemuesebouillon), at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_broth_paste_CH" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Vegetable bouillon paste (Gemuesebouillon), at plant, CH", "terms": [ { "id": "A0GFR", "name": "Bouillon", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "A00ZV", "name": "Vegetables", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "CHE", "name": "Switzerland", "ns": "gadm" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2020" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_broth_paste_CH" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fermentation_lci", "fruit_crops_lci", "salca_generated" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram vegetable broth paste (Gemuesebouillon), at plant built from 3 energy / processing, 13 other input, 2 processing input, 2 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram vegetable broth paste (Gemuesebouillon), at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Rebuilt 2026-08-05 as a Pattern A composite LCI in src/lci_food_processing/domains/bouillon_pastes.py, sibling of the Fleischbouillon rebuilt 2026-07-27. This was one of exactly THREE ZHAW_Data_ei3.6 nodes reached from outside that database in the shipped bytes of 2026-08-05; because the export closure resolves dependencies at DATABASE granularity, those three held all 146 ZHAW nodes in the public bundle, 143 of them passengers. Rehoming them lets the block be DROPPED rather than shipped with a 'do not build on this' release note. The composition is the open EDB/ZHAW record's own, carried forward unchanged apart from strict duplicate removal (same target AND same amount; rows naming one input at different amounts are ordinary recipe structure and are kept). What changes is WHERE each upstream burden comes from: open BAFU/UVEK activities and this workspace's process-based tributaries instead of an ecoinvent-backed import. No amount was solved backwards from any target GWP. MSG routes to fermentation_lci's rebuilt inventory (2.5874 kg CO2eq/kg); the ZHAW original demanded 30.5 kg beet sugar/kg, 21x the stoichiometric ceiling, while carrying ~1.7 MJ of process energy against a 15-25 MJ/kg requirement -- two errors that partly cancelled, leaving the source 42% LOW. 21 source rows -> 19: vegetable extract and onion were each listed twice at one amount.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (CH)", "amount": 0.261, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium chloride, powder, at plant", "amount": 0.457, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Palm oil, at oil mill", "amount": 0.252, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Monosodium glutamate, submerged aerobic fermentation", "amount": 0.18, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "fermentation_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Yeast extract, autolysis and concentration", "amount": 0.0315, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "fermentation_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Potato starch, at plant", "amount": 0.0315, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sugar, from sugar beet — base charge", "amount": 0.0315, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sugar, from sugar beet — seasoning charge", "amount": 0.0063, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Maltodextrin, enzymatic starch hydrolysis", "amount": 0.0063, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "fermentation_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "vegetable extract, extraction and concentration — base charge", "amount": 0.021, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.021 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.021 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "vegetable extract, extraction and concentration — seasoning charge", "amount": 0.0063, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.0063 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.0063 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chemicals organic, at plant", "amount": 0.0063, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "carrot, at farm gate (modelled)", "amount": 0.0049, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.0049 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.0049 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "onion, at farm gate (SALCA-generated) — base charge", "amount": 0.0049, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "salca_generated", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": null, "pedigree": null }, { "name": "onion, at farm gate (SALCA-generated) — seasoning charge", "amount": 0.0063, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "salca_generated", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": null, "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at industrial furnace", "amount": 0.0137, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, low voltage, at grid", "amount": 0.261, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, rail", "amount": 0.2, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 13, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Rebuilt 2026-08-05 as a Pattern A composite LCI in src/lci_food_processing/domains/bouillon_pastes.py, sibling of the Fleischbouillon rebuilt 2026-07-27. This was one of exactly THREE ZHAW_Data_ei3.6 nodes reached from outside that database in the shipped bytes of 2026-08-05; because the export closure resolves dependencies at DATABASE granularity, those three held all 146 ZHAW nodes in the public bundle, 143 of them passengers. Rehoming them lets the block be DROPPED rather than shipped with a 'do not build on this' release note. The composition is the open EDB/ZHAW record's own, carried forward unchanged apart from strict duplicate removal (same target AND same amount; rows naming one input at different amounts are ordinary recipe structure and are kept). What changes is WHERE each upstream burden comes from: open BAFU/UVEK activities and this workspace's process-based tributaries instead of an ecoinvent-backed import. No amount was solved backwards from any target GWP. MSG routes to fermentation_lci's rebuilt inventory (2.5874 kg CO2eq/kg); the ZHAW original demanded 30.5 kg beet sugar/kg, 21x the stoichiometric ceiling, while carrying ~1.7 MJ of process energy against a 15-25 MJ/kg requirement -- two errors that partly cancelled, leaving the source 42% LOW. 21 source rows -> 19: vegetable extract and onion were each listed twice at one amount." }, "repl_a19297751a9800e0": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ecoinvent 3.6 cutoff/f619e67471bd4a5c94724fe9df7f8b05_copy1", "name": "vegetable broth paste (Gemuesebouillon), at plant", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_broth_paste_CH" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Market for vegetable broth paste, w/o transport, CH", "terms": [ { "id": "A0GFR", "name": "Bouillon", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "A00ZV", "name": "Vegetables", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "CHE", "name": "Switzerland", "ns": "gadm" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2020" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_broth_paste_CH" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fermentation_lci", "fruit_crops_lci", "salca_generated" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram vegetable broth paste (Gemuesebouillon), at plant built from 3 energy / processing, 13 other input, 2 processing input, 2 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram vegetable broth paste (Gemuesebouillon), at plant", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Rebuilt 2026-08-05 as a Pattern A composite LCI in src/lci_food_processing/domains/bouillon_pastes.py, sibling of the Fleischbouillon rebuilt 2026-07-27. This was one of exactly THREE ZHAW_Data_ei3.6 nodes reached from outside that database in the shipped bytes of 2026-08-05; because the export closure resolves dependencies at DATABASE granularity, those three held all 146 ZHAW nodes in the public bundle, 143 of them passengers. Rehoming them lets the block be DROPPED rather than shipped with a 'do not build on this' release note. The composition is the open EDB/ZHAW record's own, carried forward unchanged apart from strict duplicate removal (same target AND same amount; rows naming one input at different amounts are ordinary recipe structure and are kept). What changes is WHERE each upstream burden comes from: open BAFU/UVEK activities and this workspace's process-based tributaries instead of an ecoinvent-backed import. No amount was solved backwards from any target GWP. MSG routes to fermentation_lci's rebuilt inventory (2.5874 kg CO2eq/kg); the ZHAW original demanded 30.5 kg beet sugar/kg, 21x the stoichiometric ceiling, while carrying ~1.7 MJ of process energy against a 15-25 MJ/kg requirement -- two errors that partly cancelled, leaving the source 42% LOW.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (CH)", "amount": 0.261, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sodium chloride, powder, at plant", "amount": 0.457, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Palm oil, at oil mill", "amount": 0.252, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Monosodium glutamate, submerged aerobic fermentation", "amount": 0.18, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "fermentation_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Yeast extract, autolysis and concentration", "amount": 0.0315, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "fermentation_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Potato starch, at plant", "amount": 0.0315, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sugar, from sugar beet — base charge", "amount": 0.0315, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Sugar, from sugar beet — seasoning charge", "amount": 0.0063, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Maltodextrin, enzymatic starch hydrolysis", "amount": 0.0063, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "fermentation_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "vegetable extract, extraction and concentration — base charge", "amount": 0.021, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.021 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.021 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "vegetable extract, extraction and concentration — seasoning charge", "amount": 0.0063, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "processing input", "why": "Intermediate processed input (0.0063 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "source_layer": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Intermediate processed input (0.0063 kilogram) from an upstream food-processing sub-activity in this same tributary.", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Chemicals organic, at plant", "amount": 0.0063, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "carrot, at farm gate (modelled)", "amount": 0.0049, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (0.0049 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (0.0049 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "onion, at farm gate (SALCA-generated) — base charge", "amount": 0.0049, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "salca_generated", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": null, "pedigree": null }, { "name": "onion, at farm gate (SALCA-generated) — seasoning charge", "amount": 0.0063, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "salca_generated", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": null, "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Heat, natural gas, at industrial furnace", "amount": 0.0137, "unit": "megajoule", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Electricity, low voltage, at grid", "amount": 0.261, "unit": "kilowatt hour", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, rail", "amount": 0.2, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Disposal, biowaste, to anaerobic digestion", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 3, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 13, "role": "input" }, { "group": "processing input", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Rebuilt 2026-08-05 as a Pattern A composite LCI in src/lci_food_processing/domains/bouillon_pastes.py, sibling of the Fleischbouillon rebuilt 2026-07-27. This was one of exactly THREE ZHAW_Data_ei3.6 nodes reached from outside that database in the shipped bytes of 2026-08-05; because the export closure resolves dependencies at DATABASE granularity, those three held all 146 ZHAW nodes in the public bundle, 143 of them passengers. Rehoming them lets the block be DROPPED rather than shipped with a 'do not build on this' release note. The composition is the open EDB/ZHAW record's own, carried forward unchanged apart from strict duplicate removal (same target AND same amount; rows naming one input at different amounts are ordinary recipe structure and are kept). What changes is WHERE each upstream burden comes from: open BAFU/UVEK activities and this workspace's process-based tributaries instead of an ecoinvent-backed import. No amount was solved backwards from any target GWP. MSG routes to fermentation_lci's rebuilt inventory (2.5874 kg CO2eq/kg); the ZHAW original demanded 30.5 kg beet sugar/kg, 21x the stoichiometric ceiling, while carrying ~1.7 MJ of process energy against a 15-25 MJ/kg requirement -- two errors that partly cancelled, leaving the source 42% LOW." }, "repl_dd513ccc6c2a3c6d": { "ecoinvent_reference": "ZHAW_Data_ei3.6/23b3545dce931036ecbd0b8884d0e4f4", "name": "vegetable extract production, extraction and concentration", "kind": "composite_lci", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_extract_RER" }, "sediment": { "intent": "Vegetable extract, evaporative concentrate, at plant, RER", "terms": [ { "id": "A00ZV", "name": "Vegetables", "ns": "foodex2" }, { "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "ns": "ecoinvent-geo" }, { "ns": "foodon", "id": "FOODON_03540962", "name": "09620 - new potatoes (efsa foodex2)", "via": "zhaw_foodon_crosswalk", "match_type": "close_match" }, { "ns": "gadm", "id": "RER", "name": "Europe", "via": "ei_location_backfill" } ], "time": { "duration": "P1Y", "start": "2020" } }, "provenance": { "method": { "match_type": "food_processing_reconstruction", "kind": "curated_mapping", "lci_principle": "attributional", "anchor": { "database": "food_processing_legacy_lci", "code": "food_processing_vegetable_extract_RER" }, "note_ref": "see entry.notes" }, "scope": { "functional_unit": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy", "boundary": "cradle-to-gate proxy; upstream agriculture baked into the closure — consumer must NOT add the upstream flow again.", "scope_marker": "cradle_to_gate_proxy" }, "license": { "ecoinvent_free": true, "note": "BAFU/UVEK OGD + open literature only — publishable WITH ATTRIBUTION (BAFU 2025). No licensed background in closure.", "citations": [ { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025" } ], "closure_leaves": [ "bafu", "fruit_crops_lci", "salca_generated" ] }, "trust": { "dqr_class": null, "confidence": 0.65, "dqr_basis": "internal_confidence_only" }, "recipe": { "basis": "flattened_anchor_inventory", "summary": "1 kilogram vegetable extract production, extraction and concentration built from 2 energy / processing, 4 other input, 2 transport.", "functional_unit": "1 kilogram vegetable extract production, extraction and concentration", "derivation": "1 kg processed product, including baked-in upstream proxy Rebuilt 2026-08-05 as a Pattern A composite LCI in src/lci_food_processing/domains/bouillon_pastes.py, sibling of the Fleischbouillon rebuilt 2026-07-27. This was one of exactly THREE ZHAW_Data_ei3.6 nodes reached from outside that database in the shipped bytes of 2026-08-05; because the export closure resolves dependencies at DATABASE granularity, those three held all 146 ZHAW nodes in the public bundle, 143 of them passengers. Rehoming them lets the block be DROPPED rather than shipped with a 'do not build on this' release note. The composition is the open EDB/ZHAW record's own, carried forward unchanged apart from strict duplicate removal (same target AND same amount; rows naming one input at different amounts are ordinary recipe structure and are kept). What changes is WHERE each upstream burden comes from: open BAFU/UVEK activities and this workspace's process-based tributaries instead of an ecoinvent-backed import. No amount was solved backwards from any target GWP. MSG routes to fermentation_lci's rebuilt inventory (2.5874 kg CO2eq/kg); the ZHAW original demanded 30.5 kg beet sugar/kg, 21x the stoichiometric ceiling, while carrying ~1.7 MJ of process energy against a 15-25 MJ/kg requirement -- two errors that partly cancelled, leaving the source 42% LOW. Upstream of both pastes; 10 source rows -> 8 (cabbage and onion each listed twice at 5.25 kg). 15.75 kg fresh vegetables/kg is an evaporative concentration factor, not an error.", "line_items": [ { "name": "Electricity, medium voltage (RER)", "amount": 0.299, "unit": "kWh", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "carrot, at farm gate (modelled)", "amount": 5.25, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (5.25 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (5.25 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "white cabbage, at farm gate (modelled)", "amount": 5.25, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": "Upstream substrate input (5.25 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "source_layer": "fruit_crops_lci", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": "Upstream substrate input (5.25 kilogram) resolved to the fruit_crops_lci tributary closure — the mass actually consumed per kg product (see entry yield/conversion_factor).", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "onion, at farm gate (SALCA-generated)", "amount": 5.25, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "salca_generated", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "modelled", "reason": null, "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Steam, for chemical processes, at plant", "amount": 0.731, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "energy / processing", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, rail", "amount": 0.2, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "Transport, freight, lorry, fleet average", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "ton kilometer", "role": "input", "group": "transport", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null }, { "name": "process residue handling", "amount": 0.05, "unit": "kilogram", "role": "input", "group": "other input", "why": null, "source_layer": "bafu", "reference": { "handle": "bafu_uvek_2025", "text": "BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025", "term": null }, "origin": "inherited", "reason": "from BAFU/UVEK OGD 2025 reference; amount as published", "pedigree": null } ], "groups": [ { "group": "energy / processing", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" }, { "group": "other input", "n_items": 4, "role": "input" }, { "group": "transport", "n_items": 2, "role": "input" } ] } }, "nutrients": null, "notes": "Rebuilt 2026-08-05 as a Pattern A composite LCI in src/lci_food_processing/domains/bouillon_pastes.py, sibling of the Fleischbouillon rebuilt 2026-07-27. This was one of exactly THREE ZHAW_Data_ei3.6 nodes reached from outside that database in the shipped bytes of 2026-08-05; because the export closure resolves dependencies at DATABASE granularity, those three held all 146 ZHAW nodes in the public bundle, 143 of them passengers. Rehoming them lets the block be DROPPED rather than shipped with a 'do not build on this' release note. The composition is the open EDB/ZHAW record's own, carried forward unchanged apart from strict duplicate removal (same target AND same amount; rows naming one input at different amounts are ordinary recipe structure and are kept). What changes is WHERE each upstream burden comes from: open BAFU/UVEK activities and this workspace's process-based tributaries instead of an ecoinvent-backed import. No amount was solved backwards from any target GWP. MSG routes to fermentation_lci's rebuilt inventory (2.5874 kg CO2eq/kg); the ZHAW original demanded 30.5 kg beet sugar/kg, 21x the stoichiometric ceiling, while carrying ~1.7 MJ of process energy against a 15-25 MJ/kg requirement -- two errors that partly cancelled, leaving the source 42% LOW. Upstream of both pastes; 10 source rows -> 8 (cabbage and onion each listed twice at 5.25 kg). 15.75 kg fresh vegetables/kg is an evaporative concentration factor, not an error." } }